APUNTES de INGLES
APUNTES de INGLES
APUNTES de INGLES
Pronombres
Pronombres Pronombres Pronombres Adjetivos Pronombres
Nominativos Acusativos Reflexivos Posesivos Posesivos
I me myself my mine
you you yourself your yours
he him himself his his
she her herself her hers
it it itself its -----
we us ourselves our ours
you you yourselves your yours
they them themselves their theirs
Pronombres Indefinidos
everybody nobody somebody anybody
everyone no one someone anyone
everything nothing something anything
Pronombres Relativos
who which that whom whose
Determiners
The Quantifiers&
The Definite Article The Demonstratives
Others
The Indefinite Article The Possessives The Numbers
The Definite Article: The (de / di) el, la, lo, los, las.
Questions
WH - QUESTIONS
What ? - ¿Qué? ¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles? How often ? - ¿Con qué frecuencia?
What else? - ¿Qué más? How long ? - ¿Cuánto tiempo? ¿Qué longitud?
Which ? - ¿Qué? ¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles? How long ago? - ¿Hace cuánto tiempo?
How ? - ¿Cómo? ¿Cuán? How old ? - ¿Qué edad? ¿Cuán viejo?
How else ? - ¿De qué otra manera? How soon ? - ¿Cuán pronto?
When ? - ¿Cuándo? How big ? - ¿Qué tamaño? ¿Cuán grande?
How far ? - ¿A qué distancia? ¿Cuán
Where ? - ¿Dónde? ¿Adónde?
lejos?
Where else ? - ¿Dónde más? How tall ? - ¿Qué estatura? ¿Cuán alto?
Why ? - ¿Por qué? ¿Para qué? How deep ? - ¿Qué profundidad?
Who ? - ¿Quién? ¿Quienes? How early ? - ¿Cuán temprano?
Who else? - ¿Quién más? How late ? - ¿Cuán tarde?
How heavy ? - ¿Qué peso? ¿Cuán
Whom ? - ¿A quién? ¿A quiénes?
pesado?
How thick ? - ¿Qué espesor? ¿Cuán
Whose ? - ¿De quién? ¿De quiénes?
grueso?
How much ? - ¿Cuánto/a? What time ? - ¿Qué hora? ¿A qué hora?
How many ? - ¿Cuántos/as? What kind ? - ¿Qué clase ? ¿Qué tipo?
Tiempos Verbales
Affirmative-------- V1 V2 V3
Subject + V1
I go to the
go went gone
office - Voy a la oficina
You come from
Brazil - Tu vienes de come came come
Brasil
She buys
everything - Ella buy bought bought
compra todo
They live in
Chicago - Ellos viven live lived lived
en Chicago
We work
here - Nosotros work worked worked
trabajamos aquí
Negative----------
Subject + don't/doesn't
+ V1
I don't sell
anything - No vendo sell sold sold
nada
You don't do that
work - Tú no haces ese do did done
trabajo
He doesn't give the
orders - Él no da las give gave given
órdenes
She doesn't visit
anybody - Ella no visita visit visited visited
a nadie
They don't travel
anywhere- Ellos no travel traveled traveled
viajan a ninguna parte
Interrogative-----
Do/does + subject +
V1 ?
Do I bring the
beer ? - ¿ Traigo la bring brought brought
cerveza ?
Do you take the
books ? - ¿ Llevás los take took taken
libros ?
What does he
say said said
say ? - ¿ Qué dice él ?
Does she accept
presents ? ¿ Acepta ella accept accepted accepted
regalos ?
Do they believe in
God ? ¿ Creen ellos en believe believed believed
Dios ?
Simple Present: To go
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
abide (abáid) abode (abóud) abode (abóud) soportar
arise (aráis) arose (aróus) arisen (arísen) sublevarse subir
awake (auéik) awoke (auóuk) awoke (auóuk) despertarse
be am/are/is was/were (uós/uér) been (bíin) ser o estar
beat (bit) beat (bit) beaten (bíten) golpear
become (bicám) became (bikéim) become (bicám) convertise en
begin (biguín) began (bigán) begun (bigán) comenzar
bend (bend) bent (bent) bent (bent) doblar
bet (bet) bet (bet) bet (bet) apostar
bind (báind)
Verbos Irregulares
(1) (2) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
bite (báit) bit (bit) bitten (bíten) morder
bleed (blíid) bled (bled) bled (bled) sangrar
blow (blóu) blew (blu) blown (blóun) soplar
break (bréik) broke (bróuk) broken (bróuken) romper
breed (bríid) bred (bred) bred (bred) criar
bring (bring) brought(brot) brought (brot) traer
build (bild) built (bilt) built (bilt) construir
buy (bái) bought (bot) bought (bot) comprar
catch (cátch) caught(cot) caught (cot) agarrar, coger
choose (chúus) chose (chóus) chosen (chóusen) elegir
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) (3) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
come (cam) came (kéim) come (cam) venir
creep (críip) crept (crépt) crept (crépt) arrastrarse
deal (díil) dealt (delt) dealt (delt) tratar
dig (dig) dug (dag) dug (dag) cavar
do (du) did (did) done (doon) hacer
draw (dro) drew (dru) drawn (droon) dibujar, atraer
drink (drink) drank (draank) drunk (drank) beber
drive (dráiv) drove (dróuv) driven (dríven) conducir
eat (íit) ate (éit) eaten (íten) comer
fall (fol) fell (fel) fallen (fólen) caer
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (4) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
feed (fíid) fed (fed) fed (fed) dar de comer
feel (fíil) felt (felt) felt (felt) sentir
fight (fáit) fought (fot) fought (fot) pelear
find (fáind) found (fáund) found (fáund) encontrar, hallar
flee (flíi) fled (fled) fled (fled) huir de
fling (fling) flung (flang) flung (flang) arrojar
fly (flái) flew (flu) flown (flóun) volar
forget (forguét) forgot (forgót) forgotten (forgóten) olvidar
freeze (fríis) froze (fróus) frozen (fróusen) congelar
get (guét) got (got) got(ten) (góten) conseguir
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) (5) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
give (guív) gave (guéiv) given (guíven) dar
go (góu) went (uént) gone (gón) ir
grind (gráind) ground (gráund) ground (gráund) moler
grow (gróu) grew (gru) grown (gróun) crecer
hang (jang) hung (jaang) hung (jaang) colgar
have (jav) had (jad) had (jad) tener
hide (jáid) hid (jid) hidden (jíden) esconder
hit (jit) hit (jit) hit (jit) golpear
hold (jóuld) held (jeld) held (jeld) sostener asir
keep (kíip) kept (kept) kept (kept) guardar, mantener
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) (6) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
kneel (níil) knelt (nelt) knelt (nelt) arrodillarse
know (nóu) knew (niú) known (nóun) saber, conocer
lead (líid) led (led) led (led) guiar
leave (líiv) left (left) left (left) dejar irse
lend (lend) lent (lent) lent (lent) prestar
lose (lúus) lost (lost) lost (lost) perder
make (méik) made (méid) made (méid) hacer
mean (míin) meant (ment) meant (ment) significar
meet (míit) met (met) met (met) encontrarse con
pay (péi) paid (péid) paid (péid) pagar
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) (7) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
put (put) put (put) put (put) poner
read (ríid) read (red) read (red) leer
ride (ráid) rode (róud) ridden (ríden) montar, andar en
ring (ring) rang (raang) rung (rang) sonar
run (ran) ran (raan) run (ran) correr
say (séi) said (sed) said (sed) decir
see (síi) saw (so) seen (síin) ver
seek (síik) sought (sot) sought (sot) buscar
sell (sel) sold (sóuld) sold (sóuld) vender
shake (shéik) shook (shuk) shaken (shéiken) sacudir
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) (8) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
shine (sháin) shone (shóun) shone (shóun) brillar
shoot (shút) shot (shót) shot (shot) disparar
show (shóu) showed (shóud) shown (shóun) mostrar
shrink (shrink) shrank (shraank) shrunk (shrank) encogerse
sing (sing) sang (sang) sung (saang) cantar
sink (sink) sank (saank) sunk (sank) hundir
sit (sit) sat (sat) sat (sat) sentarse
slay (sléi) slew (slu) slain (sléin) matar
sleep (slíip) slept (slept) slept (slept) dormir
slide (sláid) slid (slid) slid (slid) deslizarse
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) (9) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
sling (sling) slung (slang) slung (slaang) tirar arrojar
speak (spíik) spoke (spóuk) spoken (spóuken) hablar
spend (spend) spent (spent) spent (spent) gastar
spin (spin) spun (span) spun (span) hilardar vueltas
ponerse (estar) de
stand (stand) stood (stúd) stood (stúd) pie
steal (stíil) stole (stóul) stolen (stóulen) robar
pegar (con cola),
stick (stik) stuck (stak) stuck (stak) meter
sting (sting) stung (stang) stung (stang) picar pinchar
strike (stráik) struck (strak) struck (strak) golpear pegar
strive (stráiv) strove (stróuv) striven (stríven) esforzarse
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) (10) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
swear (suér) swore (suór) sworn (suórn) jurar
sweep (suíip) swept (suépt) swept (suépt) barrer
swell (suél) swelled (suéld) swollen (suólen) hinchar
swim (suím) swam (suáam) swum (suám) nadar
take (téik) took (túk) taken (téiken) llevar tomar
teach (tíich) taught (tot) taught (tot) enseñar
tear (ter) tore (tor) torn (torn) desgarrar
tell (tel) told (tóuld) told (tóuld) decir
think (zink) thought (zot) thought (zot) pensar
thrive (zráiv) throve (zróuv) thriven (zríven) prosperar
Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) (11)
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
throw (zróu) threw (zru) thrown (zróun) arrojar
tread (tred) trod (trod) trodden (tróden) pisar
understand(-
understood (-stúd) understood (-stúd) entender
stáand)
wear (wer) wore (wor) worn (worn) usar (ropa)
weave (wív) wove (wov) woven (wóven) tejer
weep (wíip) wept (wépt) wept (wépt) llorar
win (win) won (won) won (won) ganar
wind (wáind) wound (wáund) wound (wáund) enrollar
wring (ring) wrung (rang) wrung (rang) estrujar
write (ráit) wrote (róut) written (ríten) escribir
Verbos Modales
Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It can live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I cannot go
You come
He work
She
It live
We speak
You can't ...
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Can it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
1) The storm accounts for the plane crash. 4) Susan is asking after your brother.
2) "I can't understand this. It doesn't add 5) He was very hungry
up". and asked me for something to eat.
3) All good fishermen allow for the 6) John likes Susan. He
posibility of snake bites. will ask her out tonight.
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
1) Susan threatened to leave, but later 7) Jack had a terrible day yesterday. His
she backed down and stayed. car broke down on his way to work.
2) Bill's father promised to buy him a
8) Burglars broke into Jack's apartment
bicycle, but he finally backed out of his
while he was on vacation.
promise.
3) If you decide to present that proposal, 9) The nation was happy until a terrible
I'll back you up . war broke out.
4) Can you back your car up a little? It's 10) Tom got very angry and broke up with
blocking my driveway ! Susan.
5) The soldiers blew the bridge up . 11) His parents died, so he was brought
Nobody can cross now. up by his grandfather.
6) Will you help me blow these 12) A posible solution was brought up in
balloons up for the party? the last meeting.
Verbos Frasales
1) CALL OFF - cancelar, suspender 11) COME ACROSS - encontrar, toparse con
2) CALL ON - visitar, acudir a 12) COME ALONG - acompañar
13) COME AWAY / OFF - desprenderse,
3) CALL UP - llamar por teléfono
soltarse
4) CARE FOR - gustar (se usa negando) 14) COME DOWN WITH - enfermarse de
5) CARRY ON - continuar , seguir 15) COME LOOSE - aflojarse
6) CARRY OUT - llevar a cabo, realizar 16) COME OVER - venir a la casa de uno
17) COME ROUND / TO - recobrar la
7) CATCH UP (WITH) - alcanzar
conciencia
8) CHECK IN - registrarse ( en hotel , etc) 18) COUNT ON - contar con , confiar en
9) CHECK OUT - investigar 19) CUT BACK ON - reducir en consumo de
10) CHECK OUT OF - irse ( de un hotel, etc) 20) CUT UP - cortar en pedacitos
Ejemplos
1) The football match was called off due to
11) I came across an old friend yesterday.
the heavy rain.
2) If you have problems with your 12) If you want, you can come along with
homework, you can call on me. us.
3) Please, call me up when you finish that 13) I caught the rope strongly with my
report. hands, but it came off.
4) I really like Brazil, but I 14) Bob didn't come to work today.
don't care much for its food. He came down with the flu.
5) Although we are very tired, we 15) The rope came loose, so the boat
must carry on with this work. started to drift away.
6) The work on the building was carried 16) We are going to have a party at home
out in only two months. tonight. Will you come over?
7) Sally is so intelligent and so fast. It's 17) She fainted, but fortunately she came
really hard to catch up withher. round very quickly.
18) You can count on Jack. He is very
8) He arrived at the hotel and checked in.
honest.
19) You are a little overweight. You
9) I think this information is wrong. Could
should cut back on the amount of fat in
you check it out ?
your meals.
10) He checked out of the hotel because he 20) In order to make this stew, cut up the
didn't like the service. meat first.
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
1) The police are trying to do away 6) As summer draws near, people think
with crime in this city. about going to the beach.
2) Bill's mother taught him how to do 7) After they had agreed on the terms,
up his shoelaces. they drew up a contract.
3) That story has nothing to do with the 8) Bill drew his car up when he saw
real facts. children crossing the street.
4) The refrigerator was empty, so I had 9) Next week I will have a lot of free time.
to do without breakfast that day. Please, drop inanytime you want.
5) Time drags on when you are waiting for 10) Many young people are dropping out
something of school nowadays.
Verbos Frasales
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
7) You don't wear those shoes anymore.
1) Dogs don't usually get along with cats.
Why don't you give themaway?
2) The whole family had to get by on the 8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He
mother's salary. will give in at any moment.
9) You are about to finish the race.
3) John got over his illness very quickly.
Don't give up now!
4) Alice won't be able to get through 10) Mary is pregnant. She should give
with her project until next year.. up smoking.
5) The family got together to celebrate 11) That manager never goes along
Christmas. with the workers' ideas.
6) Why don't you get rid of these old
12) We have to go on with this work.
magazines?
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
7) You don't wear those shoes anymore.
1) Dogs don't usually get along with cats.
Why don't you give themaway?
2) The whole family had to get by on the 8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He
mother's salary. will give in at any moment.
9) You are about to finish the race.
3) John got over his illness very quickly.
Don't give up now!
4) Alice won't be able to get through 10) Mary is pregnant. She should give
with her project until next year.. up smoking.
5) The family got together to celebrate 11) That manager never goes along
Christmas. with the workers' ideas.
6) Why don't you get rid of these old
12) We have to go on with this work.
magazines?
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
1) John will keep on working in that firm for two more years.
2) Laura is so smart and fast. It's really difficult to keep up with her!
3) The old lady knocked the thief out with her umbrella.
4) The car knocked the boy over. Now, he is at the hospital.
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
1) The company has laid off ten workers 10) Grandparents always look back
this year. on their young days.
11) Jim is so arrogant. He looks down
2) Jack left out his address in the form.
on everybody less intelligent than him.
3) I trusted you, but you let me down! 12) Tom is looking for a new job.
13) Billy is looking forward to going on
4) Sally is knocking at the door. Let her in!
vacation to Europe.
14) I think this report is wrong. Can
5) Sally wants to leave. Let her out!
you look into it?
6) The judge felt sorry for the thief 15) Be careful !. Look out for snakes in
and let him off. this area !
16) Edward is looking up a word in the
7) The rain started to let up.
dictionary.
8) Everybody thinks Robert is a good
17) If you come to my city, don't forget
person. He tries to live up to that
to look me up !
reputation.
18) He is the smartest in the class.
9) The nanny is looking after the children.
Everybody looks up to him.
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
5) Becky uses red lipstick and pink powder
1) The plane was making for the airport.
to make up her face.
2) The maid made off with some of the 6) Laura and his boyfriend had an argument
china from the dinning room. last night, but theymade up today.
3) The ship was so far from the coast that 7) Bill couldn't visit Mary yesterday. So, he
nobody could make outits nationality. brought her a gift tomake up for it.
4) That writer makes up fantastic stories 8) The teacher mixed me up with so much
about life in the future. information.
Verbos Frasales
1) PART WITH - deshacerse de, regalar 10) PULL DOWN - derribar, demoler
11) PULL OVER - detenerse a un lado de la
2) PASS AWAY - morir
calle
12) PULL THROUGH - salir adelante,
3) PASS OUT - distribuir, repartir
recobrarse
4) PASS OUT - desmayarse 13) PUT AWAY - guardar, poner en su lugar
5) PICK ON - molestar - fastidiar 14) PUT BACK - poner donde estaba
6) PICK OUT - escoger 15) PUT OFF - posponer
7) PICK UP- recoger 16) PUT ON - ponerse (ropa, joyas etc)
8) PICK UP - pasar a buscar 17) PUT OUT - apagar (fuego, luces etc)
9) POINT OUT - indicar 18) PUT UP WITH - tolerar, aguantar
Ejemplos
1) These books are occupying too much 10) The construction workers will pull
space. I'll have to part with them. down the old building.
2) My grandfather passed away five years 11) The policeman ordered the speeding
ago. driver to pull over.
3) James was passing out new books to 12) She was in a hard situation, but
everyone in class. somehow she pulled through.
4) Nancy passed out when she heard the 13) The little boy's room is a mess. His
bad news. mother wants him to puthis toys away.
5) Everyone in class picked on the new 14) I took a book from the bookcase, but
student. I put it back at once.
6) Helen likes to pick out the best apples at 15) We'll have to put off our meeting for
the supermarket. the next week.
7) I found a strange coin at the beach and 16) I put on a warm coat because it was
I picked it up. cold outside.
8) Jane is going to the movies. Brian 17) The firemen put out the fire in less than
will pick her up at 7:30 p.m. an hour.
9) The president pointed out the 18) That noise is bothering me. I cannot put
achievements of his goverment. up with it any longer.
Verbos Frasales
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
1) Let's organize a party! You can see 10) He always tries to impress people
about getting the groceries. by showing off.
2) Billy was feeling sick, so his mother sent 11) We waited for her, but she didn't show
for the doctor. up.
3) The workers' strike set back the
12) Be quiet!... Shut up!
completion of the new building.
4) People start to wear warm clothes when 13) When nobody was watching, he slipped
the winter sets in. away.
5) The boat will set off early in the 14) The letters U. N. stand for United
morning. Nations.
6) All the sailors will set out in that boat 15) That boy is so smart. He always stands
tomorrow. out in class.
16) John waited for Jane, but she didn't
7) That athlete set up a new world record.
come. She stood him up.
8) Brian likes this city. He is trying to settle 17) Everyone criticized her. Nobody stood
down . up for her.
9) He won the lottery and was able to settle 18) You have to be brave. You have
up all his debts. to stand up to that problem.
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
11) The technicians are trying out the new
1) Mike takes after his father.
car.
2) I have to repair this TV. I have 12) Tim would like to try out for the
to take it apart first. baseball team.
13) Mike asked Jane out, but
3) The nanny is taking care of the children.
she turned him down.
14) I am tired and it is too late. I think
4) The plane is taking off at this moment.
I'll turn in.
5) His T-shirt was so dirty. He had
15) This sofa turns into a bed.
to take it off.
6) The old piano takes up too much space.
16) I was bored, so I turned the TV on.
They will move it somewhere else.
7) This subject is important. We 17) I got tired of watching TV, so
must talk it over. I turned it off.
8) He threw away all the things that he 18) The film seemed good at first, but
didn't use. it turned out to be very boring.
9) He had drunk so much that he had 19) The music is too loud.
to throw up. Please, turn it down
20) Could you turn the TV up. I can't hear
10) I like this T-shirt. Can I try it on ?
it
Verbos Frasales
Ejemplos
6) The small town was wiped out by the
1) The salesgirl is waiting on the customer.
tornado.
2) Sally is sad because her 7) Robert is in good shape because
boyfriend walked out on her. he works out at the gym everyday.
8) They have many problems in the
3) Runners warm up before starting a race.
company, but they will workthem out.
4) "If you go into the jungle, watch out 9) The reporter wrote down everything the
for tigers " rock star had said.
5) I have worn these shoes out. I have to 10) They have reached an agreement and
buy another pair. now they will write upthe contract.
Voz Pasiva
Sentence Translation
The products are inspected Se inspeccionan los productos
Workers are replaced by robots Se reemplazan los obreros por robots
Thieves are arrested Se arresta a los ladornes
That car is washed very week Se lava ese auto todas las semanas
He is asked to be quiet Se le pide que esté callado
He is told not to make noise Se le dice que no haga ruido
A solution is found Se encuentra una solución
Those houses are painted every year Se pintan esas casas todos los años
I am given a good advice Se me dá un buen consejo
The student is ordered to leave the room Se le ordena al estudiante que salga del aula
The kid is told not to cross the street Se le dice al niño que no cruce la calle
I am asked to give a speech Se me pide que dé un discurso
Se venden un millón de copias todos los
A million copies are sold every year
años
The suspect is investigated Se investiga al sospechoso
Bill is asked to pay what he owes Se le pide a Bill que pague lo que debe
The murderer is sentenced to death Se sentencia a muerte al asesino
Rules are changed Se cambian las reglas
A skyscraper is built Se construye un rascacielos
Conditional Sentences
Type IF clause Main Clause
Type I Present will/ can/ may /must + V1
Type II Past would/ could/ might + V1
Type III Past Perfect would/ could/ might + have V3
Habitual Present Present
Imperativo Present Imperative
Sentence Translation
If he is busy now, I will come back
Si está ocupado ahora, regresaré mañana
tomorrow
If I have time, I'll visit my parents this Si tengo tiempo, visitaré a mis padres esta
afternoon tarde
If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the
Si está caluroso mañana, iremos a la playa
beach
If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes Si está frío, debes usar ropa abrigada
If he doesn't do his homework, he can not
Si él no hace su tarea, no puede ir a la fiesta
go to the party
If she doesn't call you, you can call her Si ella no te llama, tu puedes llamarla
If you work hard, you may become a Si trabajas duro, puede que te conviertas en
millonaire someday un millonario algún día
If you spend more than you earn, you'll Si gastas más de lo que ganas, te convertirás
become a poor man en un hombre pobre
If they don't invite you, you must not go Si ellos no te invitan, no debes ir
Si no nos apuramos, perderemos nuestro
If we don't hurry, we'll miss our bus
autobus
If you pay now, you'll get a discount Si pagas ahora, obtendrás un descuento
If they don't want to go out, they can stay
Si no quieren salir, se pueden quedar en casa
home
If you drink too much, you'll get drunk Si bebes demasiado, te emborracharás
Si te sientes enfermo, debes quedarte en
If you feel sick, you must stay in bed
cama
If they don't come here, we'll have to go
Si ellos no vienen aquí, tendremos que ir allí
there
There Be (impersonal)
ver + - ?
PODRÍA/PUDO HABER
THERE COULD HAVE BEEN HABIDO
There could have been a mistake
PODRÍA HABER
THERE MIGHT HAVE BEEN HABIDO
There might have been an explosion
DEBERÍA HABER
THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN HABIDO There should have been warnings
THERE MUST HAVE BEEN DEBE HABER HABIDO There must have been an error
THERE HAS TO HAVE BEEN TIENE QUE HABER
There has to have been a reason
(s) HABIDO
THERE HAVE TO HAVE BEEN TIENE QUE HABER There have to have been many
(p) HABIDO reasons
TUVO/TENÍA QUE
THERE HAD TO HAVE BEEN HABER HABIDO
There had to have been a purpose
going to (gonna)
Affirmative Tradución
I am going to come tomorrow Voy a venir mañana
You are go next week Tú vas a ir la próxima semana
He is bring his sister Él va a traer a su hermana
She is take her brother Ella va a llevar a su hermano
It is be very easy Va a ser muy fácil
We are (gonna) have a party Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta
You are arrive early Ustedes van a llegar temprano
They are leave late Ellos se van a ir tarde
Negative Traducción
I am not come tomorrow No voy a venir mañana
You are not go next week Tú no vas a ir la próxima semana
He is not bring his sister Él no va a traer a su hermana
She is not
going to take her brother Ella no va a llevar a su hermano
It is not be very easy No va a ser muy fácil
We are not (gonna) have a party No vamos a tener una fiesta
You are not arrive early Ustedes no van a llegar temprano
They are not leave late Ellos no se van a ir tarde
Interrogative Traducción
come tomorrow
?
Am I ¿Voy a venir mañana?
go next week ?
Are you ¿Vas a ir la próxima semana?
bring his
Is he ¿Él va a traer a su hermana?
Is she
going to sister ? ¿Ella va a llevar a su hermano?
take her brother
Is it ¿Va a ser muy fácil?
Are we (gonna) ? ¿Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta?
be very easy ?
Are you ¿Ustedes van a llegar temprano?
have a party ?
Are they ¿Ellos se van a ir tarde?
arrive early ?
leave late ?
Más ejemplos:
Imperatives
La forma imperativa se usa para dar instrucciones, órdenes, sugerencias,
advertencias y consejos
En forma afirmativa En forma negativa
Don't cross the street ! - ¡No cruces la
Come here - Ven aquí
calle!
Go there - Andá allí Don't say that ! - ¡No digas eso!
Open the door - Abrí la puerta Don't be so mean ! - ¡No seas tan malo!
Leave me alone - Dejáme solo Don't fight ! - ¡No pelées!
Turn on the TV - Encendé el televisor Don't drink so much ! - ¡No tomes tanto!
Don't invite so many people ! - ¡No
Turn off the radio - Apagá la radio
invites tantas personas!
Be careful - Sé cuidadoso Don't make noise ! - ¡No hagas ruido!
Let me see that - Dejáme ver eso Don't interrupt ! - ¡No interrumpas!
Don't drive so fast ! -¡No conduzcas tan
Call me up - Llamáme por teléfono
rápido!
Finish that report - Terminá ese informe Don't be late ! - ¡No llegues tarde!
Don't come so early ! - ¡No vengas tan
Sit down - Sentáte
temprano!
Don't buy so many things ! - ¡No
Stand up - Levantáte
compres tantas cosas!
Let's
El Let's (let us) se usa para hacer una sugerencia en la
cuál uno mismo se incluye
Agreement
También (too) (so) --- Tampoco (either) (neither)
Comparativos
Adjetivos & Adjetivos & Adjetivos &
Contrastes &
Verbos Adverbios Sustantivos
Superlativos
Contrastes
Awake - despierto Asleep - dormido
Beautiful - hermoso Ugly - feo
Big - grande Small - pequeño
Bitter - amargo Sweet - dulce
Black - negro White - blanco
Careful - cuidadoso Careless - descuidado
Dark - oscuro Light - claro
Dead - muerto Alive - vivo
Deep - profundo Shallow - superficial
Difficult - difícil Easy - fácil
Dirty - sucio Clean - limpio
Drunk - borracho Sober - sobrio
Expensive - caro Cheap - barato
Far - lejano Near - cercano
Fast - rápido Slow - lento
Fat - gordo Thin - flaco
Full - lleno Empty - vacío
Glad - contento Sad - triste
Good - bueno Bad - malo
Happy - feliz Sorry - apenado
Hard - duro Soft - blando
Healthy - saludable Sick - enfermo
Heavy - pesado Light - liviano
High - alto Low - bajo
Hot - caliente Cold - frío
Interesting - interesante Boring - aburrido
Late - tarde Early - temprano
Long - largo Short - corto
New - nuevo Old - viejo
On - encendido Off - apagado
Past - pasado Future - futuro
Polite - cortés, atento Rude - grosero
Rich - rico Poor - pobre
Right - derecho Left - izquierdo
Right - correcto Wrong - equivocado
Rough - áspero Smooth - suave, liso
Safe - seguro Dangerous - peligroso
Same - mismo Different - diferente
Simple - simple Complex - complejo
Single - soltero Married - casado
Straight - derecho Crooked - torcido
Strong - fuerte Weak - débil
Tall - alto Short - bajo
Thick - grueso Thin - delgado
True - verdadero False - falso
Useful - útil Useless - inútil
Warm - cálido Cool - fresco
Wet - mojado Dry - seco
Wide - ancho Narrow - angosto, estrecho
Young - joven Old - viejo
Adverbios
Conjunciones
Preposiciones
Terminaciones
Verbos terminados en... Ver Sustantivos Ver Adjetivos
ate ize ish ore oy est ess ute ose ede eve ect ase ive ist en fer fy
ine rm ort pt it ude end ent ain are ade ume ult ly ict ire use
Verbo Sustantivo
abominate - (abóminéit) abomination
accelerate - (akséleréit) acceleration
accomodate - (acómodéit) alojar accomodation
accumulate - (akiúmuléit) accumulation
activate - (áktivéit) activity
adulterate - (adólteréit) adulteration
advocate - (ádvokéit) - abogar por advocacy
aggravate - (ágravéit) aggravation
agitate - (áyitéit) agitation
alienate - (éilienéit) alienation
allocate - (álokéit) asignar allocation
alternate - (ólternéit) alternation
amalgamate - (amálgaméit) amalgamation
amputate - (ámpiutéit) amputation
animate - (ániméit) animation
annihilate - (anáieléit) annihilation
anticipate - (antícipéit) anticipation
appreciate - (aprísiéit) appreciation
appropriate - (aprópriéit) appropriation
articulate - (artíkiuléit) articulation
assassinate - (asésinéit) assassination
associate - (asóusiéit) association
calculate - (cálkiuléit) calculation
celebrate - (célebréit) celebration
circulate - (sérkiuléit) circulation
commemorate - (comémoréit) commemoration
communicate - (comiúnikéit) communication
compensate - (cómpenséit) compensation
complicate - (cómplikéit) complication
concentrate - (cóncentréit) concentration
conciliate - (consíliéit) conciliation
confiscate - (cónfiskéit) confiscation
conglomerate - (conglómeréit) conglomeration
congratulate - (congrátiuléit) congratulations
congregate - (cóngreguéit) congregation
consolidate - (consólidéit) consolidation
contaminate - (contáminéit) contamination
contemplate - (cóntempléit) contemplation
cooperate - (coóperéit) cooperation
coordinate - (coórdinéit) coordination
correlate - (córreléit) coorelation
corroborate - (corróboréit) corroboration
create - (criéit) creation
culminate - (cólminéit) culmination
cultivate - (cóltivéit) cultivation
debate - (dibéit) debate
decorate - (décoréit) decoration
dedicate - (dédicate) dedication
deflate - (dífléit) - desinflar deflation
degenerate - (deyéneréit) degeneration
delegate - (déleguéit) delegation
deliberate - (delíberéit) deliberation
demonstrate - (démonstréit) demonstration
denigrate - (dénigréit) denigration
designate - (désignéit) designation
deteriorate - (detírioréit) deterioration
detonate - (détonéit) detonation
devastate - (dévastéit) devastation
deviate - (díviéit) - desviarse deviation
dictate - (díctéit) dictation
differentiate - (diferénshiéit) differentiation
discriminate - (discríminéit) discrimination
dislocate - (dísloukéit) dislocation
disseminate - (diséminéit) dissemination
dissipate - (dísipéit) dissipation
dissociate - (disóushiéit) dissociation
domesticate - (doméstikéit) domestication
dominate - (dóminéit) domination
donate - (dóunéit) donation
duplicate - (dúplikéit) duplication
educate - (édchukéit) education
elaborate - (eláboréit) elaboration
elevate - (élevéit) elevation
eliminate - (elíminéit) elimination
elongate - (élonguéit) elongation
elucidate - (elúcidéit) elucidation
emanate - (émanéit) emanation
emancipate - (imáncipéit) emancipation
emigrate - (émigréit) emigration
enunciate - (inónciéit) enunciation
equate - (íkuéit) - equiparar equation
eradicate - (errádikéit) erradication
escalate - (éscaléit) - intensificarse escalation
estimate - (éstiméit) estimation
evacuate - (ivákiuéit) evacuation
evaluate - (eváliuéit) evaluation
evaporate - () evaporation
exaggerate - () exaggeration
exasperate - () exasperation
excavate - () excavation
execrate - () execration
exonerate - () exoneration
exterminate - () extermination
extortionate - () extortion
facilitate - () facilitation
fascinate - () fascination
fluctuate - () fluctuation
formulate - () formulation
frustate - () frustration
germinate - () germination
gesticulate - () gesticulation
graduate - () graduation
hesitate - () hesitation
humiliate - () humiliation
illustrate - () illustration
imitate - () imitation
impersonate - () impersonation
implicate - () implication
incarnate - () incarnation
incinerate - () incineration
incorporate - () incorporation
incriminate - () incrimination
indicate - () indication
infiltrate - () infiltration
inflate - () inflation
initiate - () initiation
insinuate - () insinuation
instigate - () instigation
insulate - () insulation
integrate - () integration
intimidate - () intimidation
intoxicate - () intoxication
invalidate - () invalidation
investigate - () investigation
irrigate - () irrigation
isolate - () isolation
lacerate laceration
legislate legislation
liberate liberation
liquidate liquidation
litigate litigation
locate location
lubricate lubrication
mitigate mitigation
moderate moderation
motivate motivation
mutilate mutilation
narrate narration
navigate navigation
negotiate negotiation
nominate nomination
obliterate obliteration
originate origination
oscillate oscillation
overestimate overestimation
penetrate penetration
perforate perforation
perpetrate perpetration
perpetuate perpetuity
placate placation
postulate postulation
precipitate precipitation
predominate predominance
procrastinate procrastination
radiate radiation
refrigerate refrigeration
rehabilitate rehabilitation
regenerate regeneration
regulate regulation
relate relation
repudiate repudiation
retaliate retaliation
resuscitate resuscitation
reverberate reverberation
rotate rotation
saturate saturation
segregate degregation
separate separation
speculate speculation
stimulate stimulation
stipulate stipulation
suffocate suffocation
tabulate tabulation
tolerate toleration
translate translation
underestimate underestimation
urinate urination
vegetate vegetation
venerate veneration
ventilate ventilation
vibrate vibration
vindicate vindication
Pronunciación
jaw (yóo) mandíbula - law (lóo) ley - paw (póo) pata - raw (róo) crudo -
saw (sóo) sierra - claw (clóo) garra - draw (dróo) empate - flaw (flóo) defecto -
gnaw (nóo) roer - thaw (zóo) deshielo - straw (stróo) pajita - bawl (bóol)
chillar - dawn (dóon) amanecer - hawk (jóok) halcón - lawn (lóon) césped -
pawn (póon) empeñar - yawn (ióon) bostezo - brawl (bróol) pelea -
brawn (bróon) fuerza muscular - crawl (cróol) gatear - drawl (dróol) habla lenta y
aburrida - shawl (shóol) chal
clause (clóos) cláusula, oración - cause (cóos) cause - gauze (góos) gasa -
sauce (sóos) salsa - pause (póos) pausa, interrupción - fauna (fóona) fauna -
sauna (sóona) sauna - launch (lóonch) lanzar, lanzamiento - paunch (póonch)
panza, barriga - haunch (jóonch) cadera, anca - fraud (fróod) fraude -
daub (dóob) embardunar - fault (fóolt) culpa, defecto - vault (vóolt) bóveda, cripta -
haul (jóol) tirar, transportar - flaunt (flóont) ostentar, lucir - haunt (jóont) guarida -
gaunt (góont) demacrado, flaco - jaunt (yóont) excursión
dine (dáin) cenar - fine (fáin) bien, lindo, multa - line (láin) línea, cola -
mine (máin) mina - nine (náin) nueve - pine (páin) pino - wine (uáin) vino -
brine (bráin) salmuera - shine (sháin) brillo, lustre - hide (jáid) esconder -
ride (ráid) paseo - side (sáid) lado - tide (táid) marea - wide (wuáid) ancho -
bride (bráid) novia - guide (gáid) guía - pride (práid) orgullo - knife (náif)
cuchillo - life (láif) vida - wife (wáif) esposa - bike (báik) bici - dike (dáik) dique -
hike (jáik) caminata - like (láik) gustar - mike (máik) micró(fono - pike (páik) pica -
bile (báil) bilis - file (fáil) archivo, lima - mile (máil) milla - pile (páil) montón -
tile (táil) azulejo - vile (váil) vil - dice (dáis) dados - lice (láis) piojos -
mice (máis) ratones - nice (náis) agradable, amable - rice (ráis) arroz -
vice (váis) vicio - price (práis) precio - slice (sláis) tajada, rebanada, rodaja -
spice (spáis) especia - dime (dáim) moneda de diez centavos - lime (láim) lima -
time (táim) tiempo, vez, época - chime (cháim) campanada - crime (cráim) delito -
prime (práim) primero, principal - pipe (páip) tubo, caño, pipa - ripe (ráip) maduro -
wipe - stripe (stráip) raya - dire (dáir) horrible - fire (fáir) fuego,
(wuáip) limpiar
incendio - hire (jáir) contratar - mire (máir) fango, lodo - tire (táir) cansarse -
wire (wáir) alambre, cable - bite (báit) morder - kite (káit) cometa - rite (ráit) rito -
site (sáit) sitio - trite (tráit) trivial - write (ráit) escribir - dive (dáiv) sumergirse,
bucear - five (fáiv) cinco - hive (jáiv) colmena - alive (aláiv) vivo - drive (dráiv)
conducir
face (féis) cara - lace (léis) encaje, cordón - mace (méis) maza -
pace (péis) paso, ritmo - race (réis) carrera, raza - grace (gréis) gracia -
place (pléis) lugar - space (spéis) espacio - trace (tréis) rastro - fade (féid)
desteñirse - grade (gréid) grado, curso - shade (shéid) sombra - spade (spéid)
pala - trade (tréid) comercio,oficio - safe (séif) seguro, caja fuerte - chafe (chéif)
rozar, irritar - cage (kéidch) jaula - page (péidch) página - rage (réidch) rabia,
furia - sage (séidch) salvia - wage (wéidch) salario - stage (stéidch) etapa,
escena - bake (béik) hornear - cake (kéik) torta - fake (féik) falso - hake (jéik)
merluza - lake (léik) lago - make (méik) hacer - rake (réik) rastrillo - take (téik)
tomar, llevar - wake (wéik) despertar - brake (bréik) freno - flake (fléik) copo,
escama - quake (kuéik) terremoto - shake (shéik) sacudir - snake (snéik)
serpiente - stake (stéik) estaca, apuesta - dale (déil) valle - gale (guéil) vendaval -
male (méil) masculino, varón - female (fiméil) femenino, hembra - pale (péil)
pálido - sale (séil) venta - tale (téil) cuento - scale (skéil) escala, escama -
stale (stéil) rancio, pasado - whale (uéil) ballena - fame (féim) fama -
game (guéim) juego - lame (léim) rengo - name (néim) nombre - same (séim)
mismo - tame (téim) manso - flame (fléim) llama - frame (fréim) marco -
shame (shéim) verguenza, lástima - cane (kéin) caña - lane (léin) callejón, carril -
mane (méin) crin, melena - pane (péin) cristal - wane (wéin) menguar -
crane (kréin) grúa - inane (inéin) necio - plane (pléin) avión, plano -
cape (kéip) capa - gape (guéip) mirar boquiabierto - rape (réip) violación -
tape (téip) cinta - drape (dréip) cubrir - grape (gréip) uva - shape (shéip)
forma- escape (eskéip) fuga - base (béis) base - case (kéis) caso, estuche -
vase (véis) florero - chase (chéis) persecusión - erase (iréis) borrar -
phase (féis) fase - phrase (fréis) frase - date (déit) fecha, cita - fate (féit)
destino - gate (guéit) puerta - hate (jéit) odiar - late (léit) tarde, atrasado -
mate (méit) compañero - rate (réit) razón, porcentaje, tarifa - crate (kréit) cajón -
grate (gréit) rallar - plate (pléit) plato, placa - skate (skéit) patín - slate (sléit)
pizarra - state (stéit) estado , declarar - estate (estéit) propiedad, finca -
create (kriéit) crear - cave (kéiv) cueva, caverna - nave (néiv) nave -
pave (péiv) pavimentar - rave (réiv) ponerse furioso - save (séiv) salvar, ahorrar,
guardar - wave (wéiv) ola, onda - daze (déis) aturdir - gaze (guéis) mirada fija -
haze (jéis) neblina - laze (léis) holgazanear - maze (méis) laberinto -
raze (réis) arrazar - craze (kréis) manía
To Do / To Make
Los verbos to do y to make significan "hacer" pero se utilizan en forma diferente.
Aquí hay algunos ejemplos:
Otros Ejemplos
John is doing badly at school (he is not doing well) - John no va bien en la escuela
He doesn't like to do his homework - No le gusta hacer su tarea
The hurricane did a lot of damage in the area - El huracán causó mucho daño en la
zona
The policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thief - El policía estaba
cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrestó al ladrón
Mary did her hair and her face and left for the party - Mary se peinó, se maquilló y
salió para la fiesta
"Can you do me a favor ?"- ¿Me podés hacer un favor?
"I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel" - Quiero presentar
una queja sobre el servicio en este hotel
The man and the woman were making love in the back seat of their car - El
hombre y la mujer estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su auto
Johnny made a mess in his room - Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuarto
Bill made his way to the university - Bill se dirigió a la universidad
Jane made an excuse and left - Jane se disculpó y se marchó
"What are you doing here?" - ¿Qué estás haciendo aquí?
Situaciones