Conferencia María Isabel Chacón Sánchez Domesticación PDF
Conferencia María Isabel Chacón Sánchez Domesticación PDF
Conferencia María Isabel Chacón Sánchez Domesticación PDF
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Lima beans
modificado
PATRIMONIO de Doebley
DE TODOS et al., 2006
LOS COLOMBIANOS
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• Figuras influyentes:
– Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
• 1859 The Origin of Species
• 1868 The Variation of Animals and Plants Under
Domestication
– Alphonse De Candolle (1806-1893)
• 1882 Origin of Cultivated Plants
– Nicholas Ivanovitch Vavilov (1887-1943)
• 1920 Laws of Homologous Series in variation
• 1926 Centers of Origins of Cultivated Plants
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
11
Estudio
Darwin y la domesticación:
observaciones
• Mayores niveles de variabilidad fenotípica en domesticados
que en el silvestre
– "Comparing the diversity of flowers in the different varieties of the same
species in the flower-garden; the diversity of leaves, pods, or tubers, or
whatever part is valued in the kitchen-garden, in comparison with the flowers
of the same varieties“ (Darwin, 1859)
Alphonse De Candolle
(1806-1893)
Estudios arqueobiológicos
Trigo silvestre Trigo domesticado
1mm 1mm
9300 BP 8000 BP
(Fuller, 2007)
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
Estudios genéticos
https://sites.google.com/site/thealevelbiologistyourhub/topics/aqa-as-topics/genetic-diversity-can-arise- http://www.wiringthebrain.com/2012/04/de-novo-mutations-in-autism.html
as-a-result-of-mutation-or-during-meiosis
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00013/full
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
silvestre
Población #1
domesticación
Población #2
Tomado
PATRIMONIO de Doebley
DE TODOS et al., 2006
LOS COLOMBIANOS
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Algunos cultivos de origen Mesoamericano
Fríjol Lima,
Fríjol común,
Phaseolus lunatus
Phaseolus vulgaris
Vainilla (voz
Algodón, Gossypium hirsutum, azteca
Gossypium purpurascens (Smith, 2001) tlilxochitl),
Vanilla
planifolia
Tomate (voz
Pimentón/chile, azteca
Capsicum annuum, C. jitomatl),
frutescens lycopersicum Calabazas: Cucurbita pepo,
esculentum Aguacate, Persea americana Cucurbita argyrosperma
Papaya,
PATRIMONIO DE TODOSCarica papaya
LOS COLOMBIANOS
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Lulo, Solanum
Fríjol común, Phaseolus vulgaris Tomate de árbol,
Uchuva, Physalis quitoense
Maní, Arachis hypogea Solanum betaceum
peruviana PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
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Cerámica precolombina que representa cultivos de origen
Mesoamericano
PATRIMONIO DEFuente:
TODOS M.LOS
Eubanks
COLOMBIANOS
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Maní Papa
PATRIMONIO
Fuente: DE TODOS
Leonard, First Farmers.LOS COLOMBIANOS
1973.
31
El maíz
Pariente silvestre Maíz moderno
Matsuoka et al (2002)
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
34
264 plantas
99 SSR
Registros de herbario
Colecciones de germoplasma
(CIAT and CICY)
Silvestre andino
Lima bean from Ecuador (D.Debouck courtesy)
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
Cuatro grupos genéticos en frijol
Lima silvestre
MI
MII
AI
147 muestras silvestres
20.148 variantes genéticas (SNPs)
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
All Wild Wild MII Wild MI Wild AII Wild AI
He 0.278 0.138 0.115 0.036 0.029
Chacón-Sánchez and Martínez-Castillo, 2017
Andean
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS wild
COLOMBIANOS
¿De dónde provienen las variedades domesticadas de frijol Lima?
¿Cuántas veces se domesticó el frijol Lima y en dónde?
Variedad semilla pequeña
Cluster MII
(mostly wild)
Subcluster MI (wild)
Subcluster MI (domesticated)
Wild Domesticated
Cuello de botella
que severamente
reduce el tamaño
Población poblacional y la Población
silvestre diversidad domesticada
genética
https://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/03/30/the-great-genetic-bottleneck-that-contradicts-ken-hams-radical-accelerated-diversification-ie-post-flood-hyper-evolution/
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
Effect of domestication on genome
wide diversity: Founder effect
Tomate
Ají
Almost all changes are of transcriptional nature, which shows the importance of
regulatory changes during domestication
PATRIMONIO(Doebley
DE TODOS LOSetCOLOMBIANOS
al., 2006)
d Oryza sativa PROG1
A→ T
Gen candidato
ATG
para el cambio en hábito
de crecimiento en frijol: gen PvTFL1y
T→ A
ATG
A point
domestication mutation in a splice
and diversification site results
genes. For eachin determinate growth
crop, phenotypic habit
changes
Nature Reviews | Genetics
Repinski, Kwak and Gepts (2012)
Image Taken from Meyers and Purungganan (2013) SH1 gene75 results in the
PATRIMONIO DE TODOS LOS COLOMBIANOS
Pod shattering resistance associated with
domestication is mediated by a NAC gene in
soybean
In domesticated soybeans, the pod shattering resistance is caused by the excessive deposition of secondary cell walls in FCC (fibre cap cells). In the wild progenitor G. soja, the FCC is characteristic of only 2~3 layer of
cells with secondary walls moderately thickened (pink). In G. max, on the contrary, the FCC is composed of multiple layer of cells with secondary walls heavily thickened (violet). The AL (blue) and the vascular bundle
(red) perform normal function in both G. max and G. soja with no detectable change between them. A NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) gene, SHATTERING1-5 (SHAT1-5) functionally activating secondary wall
biosynthesis, promotes the heavily thickening of FCC secondary walls by expression at 15-fold the level of the wild allele, which is attributed to functional disruption of the upstream repressor. Note: the repressive
element in GsSHAT1-5 promoter (red star) is indicated by bold letters and the core motif ‘GAT’ is indicated by red bold letters. VB, vascular bundle. Scale bars in the fruit figures represent 1 cm.
Gracias
Thank you!
Paola Hurtado
Tatiana García
Semillero de investigación
Dr. Daniel Debouck
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Wild
populations
Landraces
Figure 1 | The evolutionary stages of do
Higher divergence
values (FST) in loci
influenced by
selection
Null distribution of
divergence values FST
across the genome
caused by demographic
processes during
domestication
chr7 chr9
0.8
1.0
FST
0.6
0.4
FST
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
chr7
chr2
PvIND in common bean, chr2 (43628586..43629926)