Technical Glossary in English and Spanish
Technical Glossary in English and Spanish
Technical Glossary in English and Spanish
Lenguaje de Programación:
Algoritmos:
Lenguaje de Máquina:
Algoritmos Cualitativos:
Algoritmos Cuantitativos:
Son aquellos en los que se utilizan cálculos numéricos para definir los pasos del
proceso.
Lenguajes no Gráficos:
Pseudocódigo:
Esta fase está dada por el enunciado del problema, el cual requiere una definición
clara y precisa. Es importante que se conozca lo que se desea que realice la
computadora; mientras esto no se conozca del todo no tiene mucho caso
continuar con la siguiente etapa.
Análisis del Problema:
Codificación:
Compilación y Ejecución:
Prueba y Depuración:
Documentación:
Mantenimiento:
Tipos de Datos:
Expresiones:
Operadores y Operandos:
Los operadores son elementos que relacionan de forma diferente, los valores de
una o más variables y/o constantes. Es decir, los operadores nos permiten
manipular valores. Los operandos, elemento al que se aplica una operación.
Identificadores (variables y constantes)
Top-down (‘de arriba abajo’) y bottom-up (‘de abajo arriba’) son estrategias de
procesamiento de información características de las ciencias de la información,
especialmente en lo relativo al software. Por extensión se aplican también a otras
ciencias sociales y exactas. En el modelo top-down se formula un resumen del
sistema, sin especificar detalles. Cada parte del sistema se refina diseñando con
mayor detalle.
Dispositivos de Entrada:
Dispositivos de Salida:
Es aquel que emite una seña con información. En este sentido podemos
mencionar la impresora la cual recibe información de una computadora y produce
una salida impresa en papel, el monitor, los auriculares y el altavoz
Unidad de Control:
La unidad de control (UC), en inglés: control unit (CU), es uno de los tres bloques
funcionales principales en los que se divide una unidad central de procesamiento
(CPU). Los otros dos bloques son la unidad de proceso y la unidad de entrada y
salida.
Memoria RAM:
Memoria ROM:
Programming Language:
They can be used to create programs that control the physical and logical behavior
of a machine, to express algorithms with precision, or as a mode of human
communication.
It is formed by a set of symbols and syntactic and semantic rules that define its
structure and the meaning of its elements and expressions. The process by which
you write, test, debug, compile (if necessary) and maintain the source code of a
computer program is called programming.
Algorithms:
Machine Language:
The machine language or machine code is the code system directly interpretable
by a microprogrammable circuit, such as the microprocessor of a computer or the
microcontroller of an automaton. This language is composed of a set of instructions
that determine actions to be taken by the machine. A program consists of a chain
of these instructions plus a set of data on which you work. These instructions are
normally executed in sequence, with possible changes of flow caused by the
program itself or external events. The machine language is specific to the
architecture of the machine, although the set of available instructions may be
similar between different architectures.
A low level feature programming language is one in which its instructions exert
direct control over the hardware and are conditioned by the physical structure of
the computer that supports it. The use of the word under in its denomination does
not imply that the language is inferior to a high level language, but that it refers to
the reduced abstraction between language and hardware.
Qualitative Algorithms:
They are those in which the steps of Narrated form are described
Quantitative Algorithms:
They are those in which numerical calculations are used to define the steps of the
process.
Non-graphic Languages:
Pseudocode:
It is an intermediate language between our language and the programming
language, its main characteristic is to represent the solution in a more detailed
way.
This phase is given by the statement of the problem, which requires a clear and
precise definition. It is important that you know what you want the computer to do;
While this is not known at all it does not have much case to continue with the next
stage.
Problem Analysis:
Coding:
The test consists in capturing data until the program has no errors (the most
common are syntactic and logical). Debugging is the process of finding program
errors and correcting or eliminating those errors.
Documentation:
Maintenance:
It is carried out after the program has finished, when it is detected that it is
necessary to make some change, adjustment or complementation to the program
so that it continues to work correctly.
Type of data:
It is an attribute of a part of the data that tells the computer or the programmer
something about the kind of data that will be processed, the common data types
are: integers, floating point numbers (decimal), alphanumeric strings, dates, hours,
colors
Expressions:
Operators are elements that relate in a different way, the values of one or more
variables and / or constants. That is, operators allow us to manipulate values. The
operands, element to which an operation is applied.
Identifiers (variables and constants)
Input devices:
Are those equipment and components that allow to enter information to the
processing unit, some examples are: the keyboard, the mouse, the scanner, the
webcam and microphone.
Output devices:
It is the one that issues a signal with information. In this sense we can mention the
printer which receives information from a computer and produces an output printed
on paper, the monitor, the headphones and the speaker
Control unit:
The control unit (UC), in English: control unit (CU), is one of the three main
functional blocks into which a central processing unit (CPU) is divided. The other
two blocks are the process unit and the input and output unit.
Its function is to find the instructions in the main memory, decode them
(interpretation) and execute them, using the process unit.
Primary memory (MP), main memory, central memory or internal memory is the
memory of the computer where data and programs that the central processing unit
(CPU) is processing or processing at a given moment are temporarily stored. By its
function, the MP must be inseparable from the microprocessor or CPU, with whom
it communicates through the data bus and the address bus. The width of the bus
determines the capacity of the microprocessor for address addressing in memory.
RAM Memory:
Random Access Memory (RAM) is used as the working memory of computers and
other devices for the operating system, programs and most software. In the RAM,
all the instructions executed by the central processing unit (processor) and other
units of the computer are loaded, in addition to containing the data manipulated by
the different programs.
They are called random access because you can read or write in a memory
position with an equal waiting time for any position, not being necessary to follow
an order to access (sequential access) to the information as quickly as possible.
ROM Memory:
The read-only memory, also known as ROM (acronym in English of read-only
memory), is a storage medium used in computers and electronic devices, which
allows only the reading of information and not its writing, 1 independently of the
presence or not of a source of energy.
The data stored in the ROM can not be modified, or at least not quickly or easily. It
is mainly used to contain the firmware (program that is closely linked to specific
hardware, and is unlikely to require frequent updates) or other content vital to the
operation of the device, such as the programs that start the computer and perform
diagnostics.
It is a set of devices and data storage media that make up the computer's memory
subsystem, along with the primary or main memory.
Bibliografía
https://es.wikipedia.org
http://quesignificado.com/
https://sites.google.com/a/misena.edu.co/wiki-adsi/
https://prezi.com/
https://google.com