Hkesghah
Ke läsgia y quädgia, ca hkesghah (hkc catäe hkesĤtas, -ātgs) ks uea dajegtuh ksiacar rklkrgha a ca iaetghah hk dasa ke ue hktkrdgeahn vncudke hk uea sustaeiga.[suacdketk sk sgd`ncgza dkhgaetk ca cktra rbn ρ hkc acla`ktn jrgkjn. Ca hkesghahdkhga ks ca rkcaigùe ketrk ca dasa hk ue iukrpn y kc vncudke quk niupa.
\ncudke
Ca paca`ra vncudke pnskk hgvkrsas hklgegigneks skjÿe ska kc ád`gtn. [ea hk kccasks indn prnpgkhah läsgia hk ca datkrga? ks kc kspaign quk niupa ue iukrpn. KcYgstkda Getkreaigneac hk [eghahks ksta`ckik indn ueghah prgeigpac hk vncudke acdktrn iÿ`gin. Xad`gçe sk keiuketrae kc hkiädktrn iÿ`gin y iketädktrn iÿ`gin y kcduy utgcgzahn cgtrn (C).Kc kspaign n vncudke niupahn pnr ca datkrga, pukhk dkhgrsk iuaetgtatgvadketk keiuacqugkra hk cas hgvkrsas ueghahks ar`gtrargas n hgdkesgneks.Kxgstke hgstgetas lnrdas hk dkhgr kc vncudke hk cns iukrpns= para dkhgr kcvncudke hk ue cäqughn sk kdpcka ue gestrudketn traesparketk indn igcgehrnjrahuahn n prn`kta, `urkta y pgpkta, jkekracdketk tgkeke uea ksiaca hkjrahuacghah hk iketädktrns iÿ`gins n Dc.
Ca Dasa
Ca Dasa ks ca dkhgha quk gehgia ca iaetghah hk datkrga quk tgkek ue iukrpn. [e iukrpninrrkspnehk a uea pnrigùe hk datkrga quk pukhk keinetrarsk ke kstahn sùcghn, cäqughn njasknsn, kc iuac pukhk kstar lnrdahn pnr datkrgacks hk gjuac n hglkrketk eaturackza.Ca ueghah hk dkhgha hkc Ygstkda Getkreaigneac ks kc mgcnjradn (mj) y kc gestrudketn paradkhgr ca dasa hk ue iukrpn ks ca `acaeza
Kxgstke hgstgetns tgpns hk `acaezas?
`acaeza jraeatargas Ca dasa sk dghk pnr indparaigùe inentras dasas, quk sk prksketae ke pksas hk hgstgetasiaetghahks. `acaezas hgjgtacks Ca dasa sk dghk pnr indparaigùe ine ntras dasas, quk sk prksketae ke pksas hk hgstgetas iaetghahks.
Hkesghah a`sncuta
Ca hkesghah n hkesghah a`sncuta ks ca dajegtuh quk kxprksa ca rkcaigùe ketrk ca dasa y kc vncudkehk uea sustaeiga. Yu ueghah ke kc Ygstkda Getkreaigneac ks mgcnjradn pnr dktrn iÿ`gin (mj/d¹),auequk lrkiuketkdketk tad`gçe ks kxprksaha ke j/id¹. Ca hkesghah ks uea dajegtuh getkesgva.Cas ueghahks dás ucgzahas sne j/id
9
, j/dc y tad`gçe j/c. Hahn quk iaha sustaeiga kek ueahkesghah ÿegia, sk pukhk kdpckar kstk hatn para ghkeiar sustaeigas.
sgkehn V ca hkesghah=
d
, ca dasa= y
\
, kc vncudke hk ca sustaeiga.
Hkesghah rkcava
Ca hkesghah rkcava hk uea sustaeiga ks ca rkcaigùe kxgstketk ketrk suhkesghah y ca hk ntra sustaeiga hk rklkrkeiga= ke ineskiukeiga, ks ueadajegtuh ahgdkesgneac (sge ueghahks)Vara cns cäqughns y cns sùcghns, ca hkesghah hk rklkrkeiga ba`gtuac ks ca hkc ajua cäqugha a ca prksgùe hk 1 atd y ca tkdpkratura hk 8 ¶I. Ke ksas inehgigneks, ca hkesghah a`sncuta hkc ajua hkscaha ks hk 1666 mj/d¹, ks hkigr, 1 mj/hd¹.Vara cns jasks, ca hkesghah hk rklkrkeiga ba`gtuac ks ca hkc agrk a ca prksgùe hk 1 atd y ca tkdpkratura hk 6 ¶I.
hnehk Vr ks ca hkesghah rkcatgva, V ks ca hkesghah hk ca sustaeiga, y Vn ks ca hkesghah hk rklkrkeiga n a`sncuta.
Ajua, Dahkra, [ea rnia, [egikc, \ghrän,
Kokdpcns hk hkesghah?1.Kc ajua ks dás hkesa quk kc vapnr hk`ghn a quk sus dncçiucas sne daynrks keiaetghah.0.[ea pn`caigùe ks hkesa ke daynr n dkenr dkhgha ke `ask a ca iaetghah hkba`gtaetks pnr mgcùdktrn iuahrahn.9.Kc bgkcn quk lcnta ke kc ajua, sk hk`k a quk tgkek uea hkesghah dkenr pukstn quk suiaetghah hk dncçiucas ks dkenr quk ke ca dgsdn vncudke hkc ajua.8.[e icavn lcnta ke kc dkriurgn pnrquk kstk ks dás hkesn, cn inetrargn pasa sg ke sucujar bay ajua.;.Ca hkesghah hkc bgkcn ks hk 6,70 j/id9.<.Ca hkesghah hkc uraegn ks hk 12,: j/id9.:.Kc nrn hk 08 mgcatks tgkek uea hkesghah hk 17.90.
2.
Iglras sgjeglgiatgvas. Hklgegigùe.
Cas iglras sgjeglgiatgvas hk ue eÿdkrnsne aqukccas quk tgkeke ue sgjeglgiahn rkac y, pnr taetn, apnrtae acjueagelnrdaigùe. Xnha dkhgigùe kxpkrgdketac ks gekxaita y sk hk`k kxprksar ine sus iglras sgjeglgiatgvas. \kadns ue kokdpcn skeigccn? supnejadns quk
dkhgdns ca cnejgtuh hk uea dksa ine uea rkjca jrahuaha ke dgcädktrns. Kcrksuctahn sk pukhk kxprksar, pnr kokdpcn indn?Cnejgtuh (C) 4 2;,0 idEn ks ksta ca ÿegia daekra hk kxprksar kc rksuctahn, puks tad`gçe pukhk skr? C 4 6,2;0 dC 4 2,;0 hdC 4 2;0 ddkti… Yk kxprksk indn sk kxprksk kc rksuctahn tgkek trks iglras sgjeglgiatgvas, quk snecns häjgtns inesghkrahns indn igkrtns ke ca dkhgha. Iudpcke ine ca hklgegigùepuks tgkeke ue sgjeglgiahn rkac y apnrtae gelnrdaigùe. Asä, ue rksuctahn indn7.C 4 6,2;06d
[E KPPNP KE CAY @ACAE_AY
quk ca daynräa hk cas pkrsneas hksinenik ks uekrrnr sgstkdátgin quk inenik indn krrnr hk lcntaigùe, kstk krrnr ks sgjeglgiatgvniuaehn ca hglkrkeiga ketrk ca hkesghah hk cn quk sk qugkrk pksar y cns pksns hk ca`acaeza ks inesghkra`ckdketk jraehk... kstn sk prnhuik pnr ca hglkrkeiga ketrk calcntaigùe quk kc agrk kokrik sn`rk kc n`oktn a pksar y cas pksas hk ca `acaeza.iuaehn sk tra`aoa ine `acaezas kckitrùegias en bay q tndar ke iuketa kstk krrnr adkens quk ca hkesghah hk cn quk sk kstk pksaehn ska dkenr quk 0j/dC, ke iasninetrargn kstk krrnr ks duy pkqukñn.