UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA, CIENCIAS FÍSICAS Y MATEMÁTICA

CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL

ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

TEMA: Transformada de Laplace

Patajalo Villalta Miguel Francisco

Curso: Tercero

Paralelo: Tercero

Docente: Mat. Jorge Lara

Marzo 2019 – Agosto 2019

 1. Resolver el siguiente problema de valor inicial: y ′′ = f (t), con y (0) = y′ (0) = 0, donde:

e−as
L ¿]= L[f ( t+ a ) ]
a
u2 ( t ) ={1 ,t >0 ; 0 , t ≤ 2

Usando Laplace y expresando la función como escalón unitario:

f ( t )=¿

f ( t )=u 0 ( t ) t 2−u1 ( t ) t 2+u 1 ( t )−u2 ( t ) t+ 3u 2 ( t )+ u3 ( t ) t−3u 3 ( t )

f ( t )=u 0 ( t ) t 2 ∓ ( t ) ( 1−t 2 )+ u2 ( t ) +u3 ( t ) (t−3)

Aplicando la transformada:

L [ f ( t ) ] =L [ u 0 ( t ) t 2 ] + L [ u1 ( t ) ( 1−t 2 ) ] + L [u 2 ( t ) ] + L[u 3 ( t ) (t−3 ) ]

1
L [ f ( t ) ] =e−as L [ t 2 ]+e− s L [ 1−( 1+t 2 ) ] + e−2 s +e−2 s L[t ]
s
1
L [ f ( t ) ] =L [ t 2 ]+ e−s L [ −t 2−2 t ] + e−2 s +e−2 s L[t]
s

1
L [ t 2 ] +e−s L [− t 2−2 t ]+ e−2 s+ e−3 s L [ t ]
s

+∞
2
L [ t ]=∫ e−s t 2 dt=
2

0 s3
 +∞
2 2 −2 2
 L [ −t −2t ] =−L [ t ] −∫ e−s tdt= 3
− 2
0 s s

Luego se tiene que

2 2 2 1 1
L [ f (t ) ] = 3 − 3 e− s− 2 e−s + e−2 s + 2 e−3 s
s s s s s
2
L [ f (t ) ] = ( 1−e− s )+ 12 ( e−3 s−e− s )+ 1 e−2 s
s3
s s

Procedemos a resolver el problema de valor inicial:

L¿
2
s2 L [ y ] −s y 0− y ' 0= ( 1−e−s ) + 22 ( e−3 s −e−s ) + 2 e−2 s
s3
s s

2
s2 L [ y ] = ( 1−e−s ) + 22 ( e−3 s−e−s ) + 2 e−2 s
s 3
s s
2
L [ y ]= 5
( 1−e−s ) + 24 ( e−3 s−e−s ) + 23 e−2 s
s s s

2 2 1 1 1
y=L−1
[] [ ] [
s 5
s s s ] [ ] [ ]
−L−1 5 e−s + L−1 4 e−3 s −L−1 4 e−s + L−1 4 e− s
s

t4 −1 1 1 1 −1 1 − s
y=2 [ ]
41 [ ]
− 2(u1 ( t ) L
s5
s [ ] [ ]
¿ t−1 )+u 3 ( t ) L−1 4 ¿t −1 ¿−u1 ( t ) L−1 4 ¿t −1 ¿+u1 ( t ) L
s s4 [ ]
e ¿ t−1 ¿

t4 t4 t3 t3 t2
¿
12
−2 u1 ( t ) |
4 ! t → t −1
+u3 ( t )
3! |
t →t −3
−u1 ( t ) |
3 ! t →t −1
+u1 ( t ) |
2 ! t →t −1

t4
¿ −¿¿
12

t4
¿ +¿ ¿
12
 t4

{
sit <3
12
4
f ( x )= (t−1)(4−t ) si1 ≤t <3
12
(t−3)3
si t>3
6

1. Resolver el siguiente problema de valor inicial:

y ' ' +5 y ' +6 y=f ( t ) , con y ( 0 )= y ' ( 0 )=1 , donde

t 2 , si 0 ≤t <1

{
f (t) 1 , si 1≤ t ≤ 2
−t +3 , si 2≤ t <3
0 , si t ≥ 3

f ( t )=t 2 ( 1−U ( t ) ) +1 ( U 1 ( t )−U 2 (t ) ) + (−t +3 ) ( U 2 ( t ) −U 3 (t ) )

f ( t )=t 2−U ( t ) t 2+ U ( t )−U 2 ( t )−t U 2 ( t )+ t U 3 ( t ) +3 U 2 ( t ) −3U 2 ( t )

f ( t )=L [ t 2 ] −L [ U ( t ) t 2 ] + L [ U ( t ) ] −L [U 2 ( t ) ]−L [ U 2 ( t ) t ] + L [ U 3 ( t ) t ]+3 L [ U 2 (t ) ]−3 L [ U 2 ( t ) ]

2 2 e−S e−2 S −2 S −3 S 3 −2 S 3 −S
f ( t )= 3
− [ e
−S
L ( t +2 ) ] +
S
−
S
−[ e L ( t +2 ) ] + [ e L ( t+3 ) ]+ e − e
S S
S

2 −S 2 2 e−S e−2 S 1 2 1 3 3 3
f ( t )=
S 3
−
[ ( )]
e 3
S S
+ +
S
−
S
− e−2 S 2 +
S S [ ( )] [ ( )]
+ e−3 S 2 +
S S
+ e−2 S− e− S
S S

2 2 −S 2 −S e−S e−2 S e−2 S 2 e−2 S e−3 S 3 e−3 S 3 e−2 S 3 e−S

f ( t )= − e − e + − − 2 − + 2 + + −
S3 S3 S S S S S S S S S

y ' ' +5 y ' +6 y=f ( t )

2
y ' ' +5 y ' +6 y= [ 1−e−S ]− 1 [ 3 e−3 S ]+ 12 [ e−3 S −e−2 S ]
S 3
S S
 y ' ' =S 2 L ( y )

y ' =SL ( y ) + y ( 0)
y=L ( y )

−3 S
2 [3 e ] 1 [ −3 S −2 S ]
S L ( y ) +5 sL ( y ) +6 L ( y )= 3 [ 1−e− S ]−
2
+ e −e
S S S2
−3 S
2[ [3 e ] 1 [ −3 S −2 S ]
( S¿¿ 2+5 s +6) L ( y )= 3
1−e−S ] − + e −e ¿
S S S2

2 [ 1−e−S ] [ 3 e−3 S ] [ e−3 S −e−2 S ]

L ( y )= − +
( S+3)(S+2) S3 (S+ 3)( S+ 2)S ( S+ 3)(S +2) S 2

Para ( 1 ) :

[ 2−2 e−S ] A B C D E A ( S +3 ) ( S +2 ) ( S 3 ) +B (S)( S+ 3)(S+ 2)

3
= + 2+ 3+ + =
(S+3)( S+2)S S S S S +3 S+2 ( S +3 ) ( S+ 2 ) ( S3 )

+C ( S+3 )( S+2 ) + D ( S+2 ) ( S 3 ) + E ( S3 ) ( S+3)

[ 2−2 e−S ]= A S 2 ( S 2+5 s+6 ) + BS ( S 2+ 5 s+ 6 ) +C ( S 2+5 s+6 ) + D ( S 4 +253 ) + E ( S 4 +3 S 3 )

[ 2−2 e−S ]=S4 ( A+ E+ D )+ S 3 ( 5 A+ B+2 D+3 E ) +S 2 ( 6 A+ 5 B+C ) +S ( 6 B+5 C )+ 6 C
[ 2−2 e−S ]=6 C
(1−e−S )
C=
3

Para ( 2 ) :

[ 3 e−3 S ] A B C A ( S +3 ) ( S+ 2 )+ B ( S ) ( S +2 ) +C( S+ 2)(S)

= + + =
(S+3)( S+2)S S S+ 3 S+2 ( S+ 3)( S+ 2)S

[ 3 e−3 S ] =AS+5 AS+6 A+ B S+2 BS+ C S 2 +3 CS

[ 3 e−3 S ] =6 A
[ 3 e−3 S ]
=A
6

Para ( 3 ) :
 [ e−3 S−e−2 S ] A B C D A ( S )( S+3 )( S+2 ) + B ( S +3 ) ( S+ 2 )+ C ( S +2 ) ( S )+ D (S)(S+ 3) 2
2
= + 2+ + = (S+2) S ¿
(S+3)( S+2)S S S S+ 3 S+2 S+3 ¿

[ e−3 S −e−2 S ]=6 B

[ e−3 S−e−2 S ]
=B
6

1−e−5 3 e−3 s e−3 s e−2 s

L ( y )= + + 2− 2
3 s3 6s 6s 6s

1 1 1 e−5 1 e−3 s 1 −1 e−3 s 1 −1 e−2 s

3 s ( )
L ( y )= α −1 3 − α −1 3 + α −1
3 s 2 s
+ α
6 ( ) s2
− α
6 s2 ( ) ( ) ( )
t2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 3 [
L ( y )= − U ( t ) α−1 3
s ( )] t →t −1
+
2 [
U 3 ( t ) α−1
s ( )] t →t −3
+
6 [ ( )]
U 3 ( t ) α −1 2
s t →t −3
−
6[ ( )]
U2(t ) α 2
s t →t −2

t2 1 t2 1 1 1
6 3 (
L ( y )= − U ( t )
2 )t−1
+ ( U ( t )( 1 ) )t −3+ ( U 3 ( t ) ( t ) ) t−3− (U 3 (t )(t))t −2
2 3 6 6
2
t 2 U ( t ) ( t−1 ) U 3 ( t ) U 3 ( t ) ( t−3 ) U 2 (t)(t−2)
L ( y )= − + + −
6 6 2 6 6