1

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 Índice

Introduction 3
Family 4
To live / to be married 5
Holidays 6
To travel / to stay 7
Jobs 8
To work / to earn 9
The office 10
To wear / to drive 11
Physical descriptions 12
To seem (like) / To look like 13
Airports & Flying 14
To arrive / To fly 15
Body 16
To grow / To get old 17
Body actions 18
To move / To sleep 19

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Introduction

Este eBook se centra en el aprendizaje de vocabulario inglés junto con verbos

importantes. Habrá vocabulario que ya conozcas, pero recuerda que nuestro
propósito principal es que transformes tu conocimiento formal en dominio
oral. En este sentido, es especialmente importante que prestes atención a la
pronunciación de las palabras resaltadas en cada sección y que podrás escuchar
en el curso online Vaughan Classroom (www.vaughanclassroom.com).

Verás que en la sección “¡Dos verbos a machacar!” hemos dispuesto un espacio

destinado a tus notas. Utilízalo y no tengas miedo de emborronar el libro. Ese
primer pensamiento, esa primera pregunta con respecto a las palabras de la
página puede tener un efecto determinante en el proceso de adquisición del
vocabulario. Más aún, para la memorización de este vocabulario te sugerimos
que crees tu propio diccionario: un diario de vocabulario donde puedas registrar
las palabras nuevas y todo lo que se te ocurra para asociarlas a tu mundo:
situaciones, personas, canciones... Cuantas más conexiones establezcas, más
sentido cobrará todo este vocabulario y más fácil te resultará recordarlo. Nadie
puede hacer esto por ti, así que ¡échale una mano a tu cerebro!

Vaughan Classroom Guide to Vocabulary & Verbs

Primera Edición

Copyright 2012 Vaughan Systems

Autores: Conor McAlinden, David Waddell, Juan Gómez Canseco, Richard Brown
Redacción de texto adicional: Richard Vaughan
Diseño: Ivan Morgan

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 VOCABULARY Family
Aquí encontrarás diez palabras que se emplean con frecuencia respecto a los miembros de una familia.

mother madre /máadza/ son hijo /sáan/

father padre /fádza/ grandmother abuela /gránmáadza/
sister hermana /sísta/ aunt tía /ánt/
brother hermano /bródza/ uncle tío /áancol/
daughter hija /dóta/ cousin primo /cáasan/

Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas.

Mother Son
Who is the mother of the family? How many sons do Anne and Paul have?
How old is the mother? How old is the son?
Is the mother single? Is the son older or younger than the daughter?

Father Grandmother
Who is the father of the family? Who is the grandmother?
How old is the father? Is Anne’s mother Bob’s grandmother?
Is the father older than the mother? Is Bob’s grandmother Sarah’s grandmother?

Sister Aunt
Who is Bob’s sister? Who is Sarah’s aunt?
How old is Bob’s sister? Is Sarah’s aunt her mother’s sister?
Is Bob’s sister older or younger than him? Is Bob’s aunt his grandmother’s daughter?

Brother Uncle
Who is Sarah’s brother? Who is Peter’s uncle?
How old is Sarah’s brother? Is Peter’s uncle his cousin’s father?
Is Sarah’s brother older or younger than her? Is Peter’s uncle single?

Brother Uncle
Who is Sarah’s brother? Who is Peter’s uncle?
How old is Sarah’s brother? Is Peter’s uncle his cousin’s father?
Is Sarah’s brother older or younger than her? Is Peter’s uncle single?

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 VERBAL AGILITY ¡Dos verbos a machacar!

To live
Does Bob live with his parents? Does your neighbour live with her son?
Does Bob live with his sister? Does your cousin live with your uncle?
Who does Bob live with? Does your cousin live with his sister?
Do you live with your parents? Where does your aunt live?
Do your classmates live Where does your neighbour’s
with their parents? daughter live?

Vivir

No olvides la preposición al final de la pregunta: Cuando “live” significa ‘vivir’ no hay ningún so-
“Who do you live with?” y no “Who do you nido /ai/;decimos /lif/ y no /laif/. ¡No lo olvides!
live?”; sin “with” ¡la pregunta no tiene sentido!

Notas

To be married
Is Debbie married? Is your neighbour’s son married?
Who is Debbie married to? Is your brother married to an
English woman?
Is your sister married?
Is your uncle married to a
Are your cousins married?
French woman?
Is your flatmate married?
Is your aunt married to your uncle?

Are you married?

Estar casado/a

Parece que las preposiciones al final de las pre- Los angloparlantes ‘estamos casados
guntas son lo más importante del inglés. Bueno, a alguien’ y no ‘casados con alguien’.
no son lo más importante, pero sí son muy Tienes razón, ¡somos raros!
importantes. Di “Who are you married to?”
5

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 VOCABULARY Holidays
Aquí encontrarás diez palabras que tienen que ver con las vacaciones.

abroad en el extranjero /abróod/ passport pasaporte /pásport/

trip viaje /trip/ suntan lotion bronceador /sáantanloúshan/
beach playa /bíiich/ swimming pool piscina /sssuíming pul/
suitcase maleta /sútqueis/ to pack hacer las maletas /tu pak/
hotel room habitación de hotel /hhhotél rum/ sunglasses gafas de sol /sáanglases/

Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas.

Abroad Passport
Are you going to go abroad next year? Do you need your passport when you travel abroad?
Do you go abroad every year? Where do you keep your passport?
Is it expensive to go abroad? When does your passport expire?

Trip Suntan lotion

When are you going to go on your trip? Where’s the suntan lotion?
Who’s going to go with you on your trip? Can you put some suntan lotion on my back, please?
Where are you going to go on your trip? Is there any suntan lotion in your suitcase?

Beach Swimming pool

Is there a beach near here? Does the hotel have a swimming pool?
Is the beach clean? Is the swimming pool big?
Can we go to the beach later? Will the swimming pool be open this summer?

Suitcase To pack
Where’s your suitcase? When are you going to pack?
Is your suitcase brown? Do you always pack at the last minute?
Is my suitcase next to yours? Why do you always pack at the last minute?

Hotel room Sunglasses

Is your hotel room next to mine? Do you always wear your sunglasses when it’s sunny?
Are there any towels in the hotel room? Are you going to buy new sunglasses?
Can you call and book a hotel room for me, please? How much do those sunglasses cost?

Key Word: “To book” significa ‘hacer una reserva’ con

Key Point: ‘Irse de vacaciones’ es “to go on holiday” en
referencia a los vuelos, hoteles y restaurantes. También
el Reino Unido y “to go on vacation” en EE.UU. y Australia.
decimos “to make a reservation”.

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 VERBAL AGILITY ¡Dos verbos a machacar!

To travel
Is Bob going to travel by train? How often does he travel to Paris?
Is he going to travel by plane? Do you travel by train every day?
Is he going to travel to work or is he Do you prefer to travel by bus
going to travel to the beach? or by train?
Is he going to travel to London or is he Is he going to travel with a partner or is
going to travel to Paris? he going to travel alone?
Does Bob travel to Paris every day? Is he going to travel with
a lot of luggage?

Viajar

¡Ojo con las preposiciones! Decimos “on a train”, No pronuncies la ‘v’ de “travel” como una ‘v’
“on a plane”, “on a ship”, “on a bus”; sin em- castellana. El sonido de la ‘v’ inglesa se con-
bargo, “in a car” e “in a taxi”. También podemos sigue haciendo vibrar el labio inferior contra los
decir “to travel by train / plane / taxi” etc. En dientes superiores.
este caso, “by” se puede emplear con todos los
medios de transporte, ¡nunca cambia!

Notas

To stay
Is Debbie staying in an apartment or Is Debbie staying in a hot country or
is she staying in a hotel? is she staying in a cold country?
Does Debbie stay in the same hotel Do you usually stay in a hotel
every year? when you go on holiday?
Is Debbie staying in a big hotel or Do you stay in a hotel when you travel
is she staying in a small hotel? to London?
Is Debbie staying in an expensive hotel Where do you stay when you travel
or is she staying in a cheap hotel? to Paris?
Is Debbie staying in the mountains or Do you often stay with friends
is she staying by the beach? when you travel?
Quedarse

Ten cuidado de no incluir una ‘e’ delante de la ‘s’ Cuando hablamos de ‘quedar’ con el sentido de
del verbo “to stay”. Se pronuncia /ssssstei/ y no citarse con alguien, no decimos “to stay” sino “to
/eestei/. arrange to meet”.

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 VOCABULARY Jobs
Aquí encontrarás diez palabras que se emplean con frecuencia cuando hablamos de profesiones.

to hire contratar /tu hháia/ shift work a turnos /shift-uérk/

flexi-time horario flexible /fléksi-táimm/ to retire jubilarse /tu ritáia/
part-time a tiempo parcial /partáimm/ salary salario /sálari/
boss jefe /a /bóss/ job empleo /chób/
to fire despedir /tu fáia/ secretary secretaria /o /sécretri/

Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas.

To hire Shift work

Do you hire people? Do you know anyone who does shift work?
Do you know anyone who hires people? Do you do shift work?
Does your neighbour hire people? Do people who work in factories do shift work?

Flexi-time To retire
Do you work flexi-time? At what age do people usually retire in Spain?
What are the advantages of working flexi-time? What will you do when you retire?
What are the disadvantages of working flexi-time? When will your neighbour retire?

Beach Salary
Is there a beach near here? Are salaries high in Spain?
Is the beach clean? Are salaries high in your company?
Can we go to the beach later? Is your salary high?

Suitcase Job
Where’s your suitcase? What was your first job?
Is your suitcase brown? Which jobs are badly paid?
Is my suitcase next to yours? Which jobs are over-paid?

Hotel room Secretary

Is your hotel room next to mine? Are you a secretary?
Are there any towels in the hotel room? Is your neighbour a secretary?
Can you call and book a hotel room for me, please? Do you know any secretaries?

Key Word: ‘Despedir a alguien’ es “to fire someone”, Key Point: Para decir que alguien ‘cobra demasiado’
pero ‘ser despedido’ es “to get fired”. En el primer caso usamos “to be over-paid”. Lo contrario es “to be under-
se conjuga el verbo “to fire”, mientras que en el segundo paid”.
la parte conjugable es “to get”; “fired”, por tanto per-
8 manece inalterable.

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 VERBAL AGILITY ¡Dos verbos a machacar!

To work
What time does Bob start working? Does your neighbour work as a doctor?
Does Bob work as an accountant? Do you know anyone who works as
a teacher?
What time does Bob finish working?
At what age do people usually begin to
How many hours a day does Bob work?
work in Spain?
Do you work at weekends?
Does Bob work in a big office or does
he work in a small office?

Do you know anyone who works

from home?

Trabajar

Decimos “to start to work” o “to start work- En inglés, al decir ‘a qué nos dedicamos’
ing”. El verbo “to start” puede ir seguido de incluimos el artículo “a“ o “an”. De este modo,
un infinitivo o un gerundio. En cambio, sólo decimos cosas como “I work as an account-
decimos “to finish working”, ya que al verbo ant”, “he works as a lawyer”, “she works as a
“to finish” nunca le sigue un infinitivo. doctor”, etc. ¡Acuérdate de incluir el artículo!

Notas

To earn
Does Debbie earn a lot of money? Do men and women earn the same
money?
Do people in Spain earn a lot of money?
Do football players earn too much
Does your teacher earn a lot of money?
money?
Do doctors earn a lot of money?
Do artists earn a lot of money?
Do receptionists earn a lot of money?
Do doctors earn more money than
receptionists?

Do your friends earn a lot of money?

Ganar (dinero)

Cuando decimos que ganamos dinero tra- Dos estructuras gramaticales a tener en cuenta:
bajando no empleamos el verbo “to win”, sino “more money than” (más dinero que) y “too
“to earn”. En cambio, si ganamos dinero en la much” (demasiado/a). No decimos “too many”
lotería sí decimos “to win”. porque ¡¡el dinero es incontable!!
9

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 VOCABULARY ,@=GÏ;=
Aquí encontrarás diez palabras que se emplean con frecuencia en el ámbito de una oficina.

computer ordenador /compiúta/ printer impresora /prínta/

mouse ratón /máus/ reception recepción /risépshan/
stapler grapadora /ssstéipla/ meeting reunión /míting/
photocopier fotocopiadora /fotocópia/ to arrange organizar /tu areínch/
paper papel /péipa/ desk escritorio /desc/

Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas.

Computer Printer
Do you have a computer? Is the printer on?
Does your computer work? Does the printer work?
Do you use a computer every day? Can you switch the printer on?

Mouse Reception
Is your mouse next to the computer? Who works in reception?
Is your mouse on your desk? Can I leave the parcel in reception?
Is your mouse green? Can you tell me where reception is?

Meeting
Stapler
Do you have meetings with your boss every day?
Do you have a stapler?
Is there a meeting next Friday?
Is there a stapler on your desk?
Can we have a meeting to talk about the printer
Does that stapler work?
situation?

Photocopier To arrange
Where’s the photocopier? Can you arrange a meeting for next week?
Can you tell me where the photocopier is? Who’s going to arrange the meeting?
Does the photocopier work? Are you going to arrange the meeting?

Paper Desk
Is there any paper left in the printer? Is my desk next to your desk?
Is there any paper left in the photocopier? Whose desk is this?
Can you give me the paper? Is the stapler on your desk or on my desk?

Key Word: “To work” no sólo significa ‘trabajar’ sino Key Point: Recuerda que la última sílaba de palabras
también ‘funcionar’. como “printer”, “paper”, “computer”, “photocopier” y
“stapler” se pronuncia /a/. Por
tanto: /prínta/, /péipa/, /compiúta/, /fotocópia/ &
10 /ssstéipla/.

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 VERBAL AGILITY ¡Dos verbos a machacar!

To wear
Is Bob wearing a suit or is he Does he wear a tie to work every day?
wearing a tracksuit?
Does he wear a tie at home?
Is Bob wearing trousers or is he
Is he wearing a wig?
wearing a skirt?
Do you wear a tie every day?
Is he wearing blue shoes or grey shoes?
Are you wearing a tie right now?
Is he wearing a white shirt or is he
wearing a black shirt?

Is Bob wearing a green tie or is he

wearing a red tie?

Llevar puesto

Cuando nos referimos a lo que alguien lleva

puesto en este mismo momento siempre em- El verbo “wear” se pronuncia exactamente igual
pleamos el presente continuo en inglés: “I’m que la palabra “where”: /uér/.
wearing a hat” (Llevo puesto un gorro).

Notas

To drive
Is Debbie driving a bus? Is Debbie driving fast or is she
driving slowly?
Is Debbie driving a car or
is she driving a tractor? Does she drive to work every day?
Is she driving a sports car? Can you drive?
Is she driving a red car or
Do you drive every day?
is she driving a purple car?
Do you like to drive in the city?
Is she driving home or is she
driving to the office?

Conducir

Empleamos el verbo “to drive” para decir ‘ir

Decimos “to drive to the office” y “to drive to
en coche’. Por tanto, “I drive to work” (Voy al
the supermarket” PERO “to drive to work” (sin
trabajo en coche) se dice mucho más que “I go
“the”) y “to drive home” (sin “to” y sin “the”).
to work by car”.
11

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 VOCABULARY Physical descriptions
Aquí encontrarás diez palabras que tienen que ver con el aspecto físico.

height altura /jháit/ hairy peludo /a /jhéri/

weight peso /uéit/ skinny flaco /a /sssquíni/
average medio /a /áferich/ well-built fornido /a /uél-bilt/
slim delgado /a /slim/ overweight con sobrepeso /ófer-ueit/
chubby regordete /cháabi/ stocky bajo/a y fornido /a /ssstoqui/

Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas.

Hairy
Height
What do you think about men who shave their legs
What’s your height?
so that they’re not hairy?
Are you above or below average height?
Are hairy men considered to be more masculine?
Could you tell me your height in feet and inches?
Are there any advantages in being hairy?

Skinny
Weight
Are some models too skinny?
What’s your weight?
What advice would you give to a very skinny person?
What is a healthy weight?
Can you describe the difference between a skinny
What’s the right weight for my height?
person and a slim person?

Average Well-built
What’s the average height of a Spanish woman? Is it necessary for footballers to be well-built?
Do you consider yourself to have an average build? Are men more attractive if they are well-built?
What’s the average weight of a new-born baby? What’s your definition of a well-built man?

Slim Overweight
Is there too much pressure put on people to be slim Is it better to be overweight or underweight?
nowadays? Do you think most Spanish people are overweight?
Are people slimmer now than they were 100 years ago? Do Americans have a fair or an unfair reputation for
What’s the best way to stay slim? being overweight?

Chubby Stocky
What’s the difference between a chubby person and In which sports do we typically find stocky people?
a fat person? Do stocky people tend to be stronger?
Can dogs and cats be chubby? Are there any animals that you could describe as being
What famous chubby people can you think of? stocky?

t
3FDVFSEB
CJFO
RVF
IBZ
RVF
UFOFS
NVDIP
UBDUP
DVBOEP
t
1BSB
QSFHVOUBS
B
BMHVJFO
QPS
TV
BMUVSB
MBT
GPSNBT
NÈT

describimos el físico de la gente. Evita utilizar palabras que comunes son: “How tall are you?” o “What’s your
podrían causar ofensa como “fat” y “skinny”. ¡Hay que buscar height?”. Si preguntas por el peso hay que decir “What’s
sinónimos delicados o eufemismos! your weight?” o “How much do you weigh?” ¡No digas
12 nunca “How heavy are you?”!

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 VERBAL AGILITY ¡Dos verbos a machacar!

To seem (like)
Does Sarah seem well? Does it seem like she has been out of
bed for a long time?
Does she seem tired?
How does her hair seem?
Does it seem like she slept well last night?
What room of the house does
Does it seem like she had a late night?
she seem to be in?
Does it seem like she has a hangover?
Does it seem like it’s the morning
or the evening?

Will Sarah seem better after she has

had a shower and put on her make up?

Parecer

“To seem” es el verbo que usamos para expresar

‘parecer’ en general. Si quieres ser más específico/a, Hay que poner “like” después del verbo si va
puedes utilizar los verbos “to look (like)” (parec- seguido de un sustantivo o de sujeto + verbo.
erse a), “to sound (like)” (sonar a/como), “to taste Pero si el verbo va seguido de un adjetivo no
(like)” (saber a), “to smell (like)” (oler a) y “to feel hace falta poner “like”.
(like)” (parecer a).

Notas

To look like
Who does John look like? Is it possible to say what a typical
Spanish or English person looks like?
Does John look like Jack?
Do you look like your mother
Do they look like they are brothers or
or do you look like your father?
do they look like they’re friends?
Do you look like any of your
Do they look like they’re happy or sad?
brothers and sisters?
Does Jack look like he’s more
Does your teacher look like a teacher?
informal than his brother?
Do you look like anybody famous?

Parecerse a

Asegúrate de pronunciar bien la ‘k’ a final de En inglés existe el sustantivo “a look-alike”.

“look” y “like”. Nada nos suena peor que alguien Significa ‘ser el doble de alguien’. Por ejemplo,
diciendo algo del estilo “you loo’ lie’ somebody hay personas que se ganan la vida porque son
famous”. Practícalo: “You looK liKe somebody “look-alikes” de alguien famoso.
famous”. 13

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 VOCABULARY Airports & Flying
Aquí encontrarás diez palabras que tienen que ver con el mundo de la aviación.

suitcase maleta /sútkeis/ to take off despegar /tu téikoff/

luggage equpaje /láaguich/ departure salida /dipárcha/
to check in facturar /tu chekín/ flight vuelo /fláit/
boarding embarque /bórding/ to land aterriza /tu land/
sea asiento /síit/ customs aduana /cástams/

Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas.

To take off
Suitcase
Do you follow the safety instructions before the flight
Do you usually try to put too many things into your suitcase?
takes off?
Do you always pack your own suitcase?
To take off How do you feel when a plane takes off?
How many suitcases do you usually take with you on
What do you think is more dangerous: when a plane
holiday?
takes off or when it lands?

Luggage Departure
Can you explain the difference between a suitcase and What do you like to do in the departure lounge before
luggage? the plane takes off?
Are luggage and baggage the same thing? What word is the opposite of departure?
How much luggage do low cost airlines let you take on board? Do planes always take off at their correct departure time?

To check in
Flight
Is it always necessary to check in at airports?
Can you remember your first flight ever?
Can you check in automatically these days in airports?
How many flights were you on last year?
What are the earliest and the latest times that you
How do you usually spend your time on a flight?
can check in?

Boarding To land
Do you have to have a boarding card for all flights these days? Do you ever feel scared when the plane is landing?
Could you explain what a boarding gate is? Can you take your seatbelt off as soon as the plane lands?
If your flight leaves at 1 pm, what time will you start boarding How long does it take to pick up your luggage after the
the plane? plane has landed?

Seat Customs
How many seats are there on a normal plane? And on a Are customs officers famous for being happy and
jumbo jet? friendly people?
Do you prefer a window seat or an aisle seat? What is the purpose of customs?
What’s the difference between seats in economy class Could you tell us about a time you had an unpleasant
and in business class? experience in customs?

t
/P
IBZ
OJOHVOB
EJGFSFODJB
FOUSF “luggage” and “baggage”. t
*OUFOUB
SFDPSEBS
MPT
WFSCPT
DPO
TVT
BOUØOJNPT
4J
FTUBNPT

Significan lo mismo, aunque también utilizamos “baggage” en hablando de aviones, el contrario de “to take off” es “to land”.
el sentido metafórico. Por ejemplo: “He has a lot of emotional Ahora, si hablamos de ropa el contrario de “to take off” es “to put
baggage”. on”.
t
“To take off” tiene dos significados. El primero, que vemos aquí, t
3FDVFSEB
TJFNQSF “a trip” (un viaje) es el sustantivo, mientras
14 es ‘despegar’, pero también significa ‘quitarse’ (ropa). que el verbo es “to travel” (viajar).

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 VERBAL AGILITY ¡Dos verbos a machacar!

To arrive
Is Sarah waiting for a train What time did you arrive this morning?
or for a plane to arrive?
What time will you arrive tomorrow?
Is her husband or her sister
What time did the teacher arrive at
going to arrive?
the class today?
Do planes normally arrive on time?
Are you usually one of the first or one of
Do you usually arrive on the last people to arrive at a party?
time to most places?
What do you say to someone when
Did you arrive late yesterday? you arrive late for a date?

llegar

“To get to” también significa ‘llegar’. Sin em- Recuerda: “we arrive at” sitios pequeños, como
bargo, y a diferencia de “to arrive”, siempre hay una estación de trenes o una oficina, pero “we
que poner el destino después del verbo y casi arrive in” sitios grandes, como ciudades, países
siempre con la preposición “to”. Por ejemplo: “I o continentes. Pero nunca decimos “to arrive to”.
got to the office at 9”.

Notas

,GÎQ
Does Jack look like he likes flying? Are you scared of flying?
Is Jack flying in a plane When did you first fly in a plane?
or in a helicopter?
How many times did you fly in a
Is it normal for planes to fly when plane last year?
the weather is very bad?
Can planes fly all around the world
Is it safer to fly or to drive a car? without stopping?

Are you planning to fly in the next

How long does it take to fly
few months?
from Madrid to Barcelona?

Volar

No olvides que “to fly” es un verbo irregular. El

¡No la líes, pronúncialo bien! Un vuelo es “a
participio pasado es “flown” y el pasado simple
flight” y no “a fly”… ¡que significa ‘una mosca’!
es “flew”, y se pronuncia /flu/.
15

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 VOCABULARY Body
Aquí encontrarás diez palabras que tienen que ver con el cuerpo.

shoulder hombro /shóuda/ hips caderas /hips/

elbow codo /élbou/ waist cintura /uéist/
lungs pulmones /langs/ knee rodilla /ni/
liver hígado /lívvva/ ankle tobillo /ánkel/
kidneys riñones /kídnis/ toe dedo del pie /tou/

Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas.

To take off
Shoulder
Are men’s hips the same as women’s hips?
What sports or exercises can make your shoulders broader?
Why do women have wider hips than men?
What does “to give someone the cold shoulder” mean?
When would you use the expression “shake your
Whose shoulder do you cry on when you feel sad?
hips”?

Elbow Waist
Can you lick your elbow? Can you define where your waist is?
What does the elbow connect? Do you know your waist size in British measurements?
What do you think “to elbow your way through a What advice could you give a man if his “waistline is
crowd” means? growing”?!

Lungs Knee
What is the main function of the lungs? What two parts of the body do the knees connect?
Why is smoking so bad for the lungs in particular? Why is it very common for footballers to suffer from
How long can you keep the air in your lungs without knee injuries?
breathing out?! Do you have any idea what a “knobbly” knee is?

Ankle
Liver
How could you injure your ankle?
Can you point to where the liver is in your body?
What is a wrist and why is it similar to an ankle?
Do you like pig’s liver?
Do you know what an “anklet” is? Can you eat it, play with
What’s the relationship between alcohol and the liver?
it or wear it?

Toe
Kidneys
How many toes do you have?
How many kidneys do you have?
Are toes useful? Why?
Is it possible to live with only one kidney?
If I tell you “to keep on your toes” what does that
Can you explain how to make “Jerez style kidneys”?
mean?

Key Point: Key Words:

t
&O
JOHMÏT
B
EJGFSFODJB
EFM
DBTUFMMBOP
DVBOEP
IBCMBNPT
EF
MBT
t
`/P
DPOGVOEBT
“ankle” con “uncle” (tío)! Aunque se parecen,
partes de nuestros cuerpos siempre utilizamos los adjetivos
son muy diferentes. “Ankle” se pronuncia /áncol/ y “uncle” es
posesivos:
/áaancou/.
“My ankle hurts”, “Does your shoulder hurt?”, “They’re
16 operating on his liver”.
t
`/P
EJHBT
iUIF
mOHFST
PG
UIF
GFFUw
QPS
GBWPS
`&O
JOHMÏT
UFOFNPT

“toes”!

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 VERBAL AGILITY ¡Dos verbos a machacar!

To grow
Is Susie growing much? Can our diet affect the way we grow?
How much did she grow last year? Which grows more quickly: toes
nails or finger nails?
Do children grow quickly?
Does your hair grow quickly?
Are you still growing?
How much does your hair grow in a
When do people stop growing?
month?

Is it true that people’s noses and ear

lobes never stop growing?

Crecer

Ya hemos visto el verbo irregular “to fly”. “To

grow” es muy parecido en sus formas ir-
¡Ojo con el verbo “to grow up”! No significa
regulares. El participio pasado es “grown” y el
‘crecer’, sino ‘hacerse mayor’.
pasado simple es “grew”, y se pronuncia como
“true”: /grú/.

Notas

To get old
Are Anne and Paul getting old? Do some people seem to get older
more quickly than others?
Do you worry about getting old?
What are some of the good things about
Do you sometimes feel
getting old?
like you’re getting old?
Do people become more conservative as
How do our faces change
they get older?
when we get old?
At what age do people think that a
Does time seem to go by
footballer “is getting old”?
more quickly the older we get?
Do you think that one day we will have
technology that stops us from getting old?
Envejecer

Hay muchísimos verbos en inglés que se forman

Igual que decimos “to get” + adjectivo,
con el verbo ‘to get + adjective’. Todos expre-
podemos decir también “to get” + compara-
san algún cambio o proceso. Por ejemplo: “to
tivo: “He gets angry”, “He gets angrier”.
get rich”, “to get red”,“to get nervous”,“to get
ill” , “to get angry”, etc. 17

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 VOCABULARY Body actions
Aquí presentamos diez palabras que tienen que ver con acciones que realizan nuestros cuerpos.

to breathe respirar /tu briz/ to snore roncar /tu sssnóo/

to cough toser /tu cof/ to blush ruborizarse /tu blásh/
to sneeze estornudar /tu snis/ to sweat sudar /tu suét/
hiccu hipo /jhícap/ to blink parpadear /tu blinc/
to yawn bostezar /tu ióon/ to wink guiñar el ojo /tu uínc/

Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas.

To breathe To snore
Do you breathe through your nose or through your mouth? Do you snore?
Is it more or less difficult to breathe at high altitudes? What are the ways to stop someone from snoring?
How many times do you think you breathe in and out in a Is it true that we snore more often if we sleep on our
minute? backs?

To cough
To blush
Are there certain times of the year when you’re more
Do some people blush more easily than others?
likely to have a cough?
Why do people blush?
Do people who smoke cough more?
Can you remember the last time you blushed? Why?
Are there different types of cough?

To sneeze To sweat
Is it possible to keep your eyes open when you When and why do we sweat?
sneeze? Do men sweat more than women?
What word or noise do you make when you sneeze? If we sweat when we are very hot, what do we do when
What substances can cause people to sneeze? we are very cold?

Hiccup To blink
When and why do we get the hiccups? How long can you go without blinking?
What are the best ways to cure the hiccups? What happens to your eyes when you don’t blink?
How often do you get the hiccups? How many times do you think you blink in a minute?

To wink
To yawn
What are we “saying” to people when we wink?
Do animals yawn?
To wink Can you wink with both eyes?
Do you find that yawns are contagious?
What do you think the expression “to have forty winks”
Is it possible to yawn without opening your mouth?
means?

Key Point I: Key Words:

t
`$VBOEP
BMHVJFO
FTUPSOVEB
FO
JOHMÏT
OP
MF
EJHBT “Jesus” o te t
5FO
DVJEBEP
EF
OP
DPOGVOEJS
FM
WFSCP “to breathe” con el sus-
mirarán con cara extraña! En inglés decimos “Bless you!”, que tantivo “breath”. La primera palabra significa ‘respirar’ y la segunda
significa ‘Que te bendigan’. Antes se decía “God bless you!”, significa ‘aliento’. Por ejemplo: “To be out of breath” (Estar sin
18 pero casi nadie lo dice hoy en día. aire) o “To have bad breath” (Tener mal aliento).

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 VERBAL AGILITY ¡Dos verbos a machacar!

To move
Is Sarah having much luck Can you move all of your toes?
in moving the bookshelf?
Can you move your ears without
Is she trying to move the bookshelf by touching them?
pushing it or by pulling it?
If you’re freezing cold, is it better to
Does she need some help move or to stay still?
to move the bookshelf?
How long can you stay perfectly still
Do you think you could move that without moving a muscle?
bookshelf by yourself?
Do you have good “moves” on
Do you move a lot in bed the dance floor?
when you’re sleeping?
Mover

Cuando nos mudamos de casa también utili- “To move” también significa ‘conmover’: “to
zamos el verbo “to move” en inglés: “to move move someone to tears” (hacer llorar a alguien),
house”. “to be moved” (estar conmovido/a).

Notas

To sleep
Where is Jack sleeping? Do you sleep too little, too much
or just enough?
Do you ever see people sleeping
on public transport? How many hours do you usually sleep?
Do you think he decided How many hours do you think you need
to sleep on purpose? to sleep?
Is it possible to sleep standing up? How do you feel if you don’t sleep
enough?
What’s the strangest place
that you slept in? Do fish and birds sleep?

Domir

Cuidado con la pronunciación de “sleep”. ¡No

queremos escuchar ninguna especie de ‘e’ de-
‘Quedarse dormido/a’ es “to fall asleep” y
lante de la ‘s’ inicial. ¡Exagera el sonido inicial de
‘estar dormido/a’ es “to be asleep”.
la ‘s’: /sssssliip/!
19

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20

www.VaughanClassroom.com El curso online de Vaughan.