შეცვლილი გარემოებების გავლენა ვალდებულების შესრულებასა და მხარეთა შესაძლო მეორად მოთხოვნებზე - ნათია ჩიტაშვილი

avtoris stili daculia
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

iuridiuli fakulteti
naTia CitaSvili
Secvlili garemoebebis gavlena valdebulebis Sesrulebasa da mxareTa

SesaZlo meorad moTxovnebze
sadisertacio naSromi
samarTlis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad
samecniero xelmZRvaneli _ Tamar zambaxiZe
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis asocirebuli profesori, samarTlis doqtori
Tbilisi
2014
sarCevi
abreviaturebi ............................................................................................................................................................. 8
I. Sesavali ....................................................................................................................................................................13
II. Secvlili garemoebebis samarTlebrivi problematikis kvlevis
farglebi ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20
1. qarTuli samarTali unificirebuli kerZo samarTlis sivrceSi ........... 20
1.1. unifikaciis gavlena nacionalur samarTlebriv sistemaTa
ganviTarebaze ................................................................................................................................................ 20
1.2. unificirebuli samarTlis instrumentebi ............................................................. 22
2. kontinenturi da angloamerikuli samarTlis kvlevis mniSvneloba ... 27
2.1. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi germaniis samoqalaqo
sjuldebisa da civilisturi mecnierebis kvaldakval...................................... 27
2.2. angloamerikuli samarTlis gamocdileba _ absoluturi
pasuxismgeblobidan misi gamomricxavi garemoebebis aRiarebamde........... 29
III. forsmaJoris da Sesrulebis garTulebis zogadi saxelSekrulebo
principebi..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
1. zogadi saxelSekrulebo principis mniSvneloba ....................................................... 33
2. forsmaJoris, rogorc zogadi saxelSekrulebo principis, cneba ........... 34
3. forsmaJoris moqmedeba unificirebul kerZo samarTalSi ............................... 35
3.1.Uunidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi ....................................................................... 35
3.2. evropuli principebi da venis konvencia ................................................................. 37
4. forsmaJori rogorc pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis
safuZveli da misi samarTlebrivi maxasiaTeblebi......................................................... 38
5. forsmaJoris moqmedebis farglebi ........................................................................................ 40
6. Sesrulebis garTulebis zogad saxelSekrulebo principad
aRiareba sasamarTlo praqtikis mier ........................................................................................... 42
7. Sesrulebis garTuleba rogorc zogadi saxelSekrulebo
principi unificirebul kerZo samarTalSi............................................................................ 46
7.1. unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi........................................................................ 46
7.2. evropuli principebi .................................................................................................................... 48
7.3. DCFR.............................................................................................................................................................. 49
8. Sesrulebis garTulebis da forsmaJoris funqciuri gansxvaveba
xelSekrulebis samarTlebriv bedTan mimarTebiT ......................................................... 51
IV. Sesrulebis garTulebisa da forsmaJoris analogi koncefciebi
ucxour samarTlebriv sistemebSi ....................................................................................................... 53
1. Secvlili garemoebebis mniSvnelobis aRiareba samarTlis
istoriuli ganviTarebis kvaldakval.......................................................................................... 53
2
2. forsmaJorisa da Sesrulebis garTulebis koncefciebis amsaxveli
ZiriTadi terminebi erovnul da ucxour samarTlebriv sistemebSi ............ 55
3. Secvlili garemoebebis safuZvliT pasuxismgeblobisgan
ganTavisuflebis sistemis formireba germanul samarTalSi.............................. 56
3.1. hiperinflacia germaniaSi da pasuxismgeblobisgan
ganTavisuflebis safuZvelTa aRmocenebis istoriuli pirobebi ............ 56
3.2. garTulebul valdebulebaTa pirobebSi saxelSekrulebo
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis problema .................................................... 57
3.3. ortmanis Teoriis aRmoceneba ............................................................................................. 58
3.4. keTilsindisierebis principis gavlena garigebis safuZvlis
doqtrinis ganviTarebaze .................................................................................................................. 60
3.5. garigebis safuZvlis doqtrinis arsi da misi moqmedeba
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi ...................................................................................................................... 61
3.6. valdebulebiTi samarTlis reforma da misi konceftualuri
srulyofis Sedegebi.............................................................................................................................. 62
3.7. garigebis safuZvlis doqtrinis sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia
da Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sinaarsi ......................................... 64
3.7.1. Sesrulebis garTuleba da Secdoma garigebis
safuZvlebSi. .......................................................................................................................................... 66
3.7.2. Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi ............................. 68
3.8. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis koncefciis axleburi mowesrigeba ....... 69
3.8.1. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis saxeebi .................................................................... 69
3.8.2. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi ....................... 75
3.8.3. praqtikuli da ekonomikuri (Sesrulebis garTuleba)
SeuZleblobis Tanafardoba .................................................................................................. 76
4. konceftualurad gansxvavebuli franguli samarTlebrivi sistema ...... 80
5. Secvlili garemoebebis samarTlebrivi reglamentacia
angloamerikul samarTalSi .................................................................................................................. 81
5.1. xelSekrulebis amaoebis inglisuri doqtrina................................................... 81
5.1.1. xelSekrulebis amaoebis moZRvrebis aRmoceneba .................................. 81
5.1.2. xelSekrulebis amaoebis samarTlebrivi maxasiaTeblebi ............ 84
5.1.3. xelSekrulebis amaoebis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi .............................. 86
5.2.Kkomerciuli ganuxorcieleblobisa da miznis amaoebis
amerikuli doqtrinebi ......................................................................................................................... 90
5.2.1. komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobisa da miznis amaoebis
doqtrinaTa moqmedebis farglebi .................................................................................... 90
3
doqtrinaTa urTierTdamokidebuleba .......................................................................... 92
5.2.3. komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrinis upiratesoba
da misi sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia ..................................................................... 93
5.2.4. komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrinis gamoyenebis
samarTlebrivi winapirobebi .................................................................................................. 95
5.2.4.1. valdebulebis Sesrulebis obieqturi
ganuxorcielebloba............................................................................................................... 96
5.2.4.2. Sesrulebis xasiaTis arsebiTi cvlileba ....................................... 98
5.2.4.3. varaudi movlenis warmouSoblobis Sesaxeb rogorc
garigebis umTavresi safuZveli .................................................................................. 99
5.2.4.4. movalis arabraleuloba................................................................................. 100
5.2.4.5. gafarToebuli pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxva riskis
nagulisxmevi an saxelSekrulebo gadanawilebiT ................................. 101
5.2.5. komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis samarTlebrivi Sedegi ....... 102
V. Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleblobis samarTlebrivi
winapirobebi ............................................................................................................................................................. 103
1. Secvlili garemoebebis doqtrinis gamoyenebis samarTlebrivi
winapirobebi qarTul samarTalSi................................................................................................. 103
2. Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleblobis gamoyenebis calkeul
winapirobaTa samarTlebrivi buneba ............................................................................................ 106
2.1. dabrkoleba .......................................................................................................................................... 106
2.2. dabrkolebis aRmoceneba xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom ............... 108
2.3. garemoebaTa uCveulo cvlileba ...................................................................................... 109
2.4. dabrkolebis aRmoceneba movalis kontrolis sferos miRma ........... 109
2.5. valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riski gamoiricxeba mxaris .............113
pasuxismgeblobis sferodan..........................................................................................................113
2.5.1. Teoria saxelSekrulebo riskis Sesaxeb da misi
gadanawilebis normatiuli wesi ......................................................................................113
2.5.2. pasuxismgeblobis sferos gansazRvra da saxelSekrulebo
riskis gadanawileba urTierTSeTanxmebiT ............................................................ 117
2.5.3. saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba an
SezRudva-gamoricxva urTierTSeTanxmebiT ........................................................... 119
2.5.4. Secvlili garemoebebis momwesrigebeli normebis
imperatiuli Tu dispoziciuri samarTlebrivi buneba? ........................... 122
2.5.5. xelSekrulebaSi nagulisxmevi riskis ganmarteba............................. 124
4
2.5.6. arabraleuli Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis riskis
problema ................................................................................................................................................. 126
2.5.7. Semxvedri valdebulebis Sesrulebis riski da misi
samarTlebrivi Sedegebi ........................................................................................................... 127
3. dabrkolebis gaTvaliswinebis SeuZlebloba xelSekrulebis
dadebis dros ..................................................................................................................................................... 129
4. dabrkolebis Tavidan acilebis _ daZlevis an misi Sedegebis
aRmofxvris _ Semcirebis SeuZlebloba .................................................................................. 133
5. arabraleulobis winapiroba Secvlili garemoebebis
aRmocenebis konteqstSi ........................................................................................................................... 135
5.1. braleulobis obieqturi standarti .......................................................................... 135
5.2. bralis formebis mniSvneloba Sesrulebis garTulebisa da
SeuZleblobis dafuZnebisTvis .................................................................................................. 138
5.2.1. ganzraxva..................................................................................................................................... 138
5.2.2. gaufrTxilebloba da misi formebi (uxeSi da martivi) ............. 139
6. dabrkolebis moqmedebis xangrZlivoba .............................................................................. 142
7. Setyobinebis valdebuleba .............................................................................................................. 144
8. mizezobrivi kavSiri .............................................................................................................................. 148
VI. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba rogorc
valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sedegi......................... 149
1. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba rogorc
valdebulebis Sesrulebisa da saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobis
uzrunvelyofis meqanizmi ....................................................................................................................... 150
2. samarTlebrivi sistemebis konceftualuri midgomebis Sesaxeb ............. 152
3. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba mxareTa
molaparakebis gziT ..................................................................................................................................... 154
3.1. keTilsindisierebis principis gavlena samarTlis institutebis
ganviTarebaze .............................................................................................................................................. 154
3.2. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis mizniT
molaparakebis warmoebis valdebuleba keTilsindisierebis
principis dacviT .................................................................................................................................... 155
moTxovnis wardgenis valdebuleba ...................................................................................... 160
3.4 molaparakebis moTxovnis savaldebulooba da misi
uaryofis dauSvebloba ..................................................................................................................... 161
3.5. molaparakebis gamarTvis mizani da winapirobebi ......................................... 163
3.6. saxelSekrulebo daTqmebi molaparakebis warmoebis
valdebulebis Sesaxeb ....................................................................................................................... 165
5
3.7. molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis amsaxveli daTqmebis
gansxvaveba forsmaJoruli daTqmebisgan da pasuxismgeblobis
gamoricxvis sakanonmdeblo safuZvlebisgan............................................................... 168
3.8. molaparakebis valdebulebis darRvevis samarTlebrivi
Sedegebi ............................................................................................................................................................ 172
4. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba
sasamarTlos mier .......................................................................................................................................... 174
4.1. saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofis mizani ................... 174
4.2. saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebis realizeba da mxareTa
saxelSekrulebo nebis aRsruleba........................................................................................ 176
4.3. sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis farglebi Secvlili
garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis procesSi ................................ 178
4.4. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi misadagebis SeuZlebloba da
xelSekrulebis Sewyveta sasamarTlos mier ............................................................... 180
VII. meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis sistema rogorc darRveuli uflebis
samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis erToblioba ........................................................... 182
1. saxelSekrulebo fasis Semcireba ........................................................................................... 183
1.1. fasis Semcirebis samarTlebrivi arsi da mizani .......................................... 183
1.2. fasis Semcirebis moTxovnis uflebis ganxorcielebis
winapirobebi ................................................................................................................................................. 185
2. damatebiTi Sesruleba ......................................................................................................................... 188
3. zianis anazRaureba.................................................................................................................................. 192
3.1. zogadi daxasiaTeba ..................................................................................................................... 192
3.2. bralis mniSvneloba anazRaurebas daqvemdebarebuli zianis ........... 197
odenobis gansazRvrisaTvis .......................................................................................................... 197
3.3. zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebis gamoricxva mxareTa
saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT ................................................................................................... 200
A4. xelSekrulebidan gasvla.............................................................................................................. 204
4.1. arsebiTi darRveva rogorc xelSekrulebidan gasvlis
uflebis winapiroba ............................................................................................................................ 204
4.2. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis
SeuZlebloba rogorc xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapiroba ................ 209
4.3. xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmis dauSvebloba ....................................................... 214
4.4. Semxvedri valdebulebis Sesrulebisagan ganTavisuflebisa da
braleulobis urTierTmimarTeba xelSekrulebidan gasvlisas .............. 215
VIII. Secvlili garemoebebiT gamowveuli valdebulebis darRvevis
saxeebi da maTi mimarTeba meoradi moTxovnis uflebebTan .................................... 218
1. valdebulebis Sesrulebis interesi saxelSekrulebo
urTierTobaSi .................................................................................................................................................... 218
6
2. valdebulebis darRvevis unificirebuli kategoria rogorc
meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis gamoyenebis winapiroba ............................................ 219
3. Secvlili garemoebebiT warmoSobili Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba da
misi regulirebis xarvezebi ................................................................................................................ 221
3.1. Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZlebloba rogorc samoqalaqo
kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli SeuZleblobis erTaderTi saxe ................... 221
3.2. meoradi moTxovnis uflebebisadmi mimarTeba
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisas ...................................................................................................... 223
4. movalis mier vadis gadacilebisa da Secvlili garemoebebis
doqtrinis urTierTmimarTeba ............................................................................................................228
4.1. movalis mier vadis gadacilebis winapirobebi ................................................228
4.2. Secvlili garemoebebis gavleniT movalis mier vadis
gadacilebis warmoSobis SeuZlebloba ........................................................................... 232
5. Secvlili garemoebebiT ganpirobebuli nakliani Sesruleba da
gamosayenebeli meoradi moTxovnebi ............................................................................................ 233
5.1. nakliani Sesrulebis mowesrigebis sistemuri xarvezi
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi....................................................................................... 233
5.2. pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi nakliani Sesrulebis pirobebSi da
Tanamdevi meoradi moTxovnebi ................................................................................................... 233
6. Secvlili garemoebebiT gamowveuli gulisxmierebis valdebulebis
darRveva rogorc xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapiroba ..................................... 239
IX. pasuxismgebloba da misgan ganTavisufleba mesame piris mier
Sesrulebis garTulebis an SeuZleblobis gamomwvevi garemoebis
aRmocenebis safuZvliT ................................................................................................................................ 241
1. pasuxismgebloba valdebulebis Semsrulebel mesame pirTa
braleuli qmedebisTvis valdebulebis Sesrulebis dabrkolebisas ......... 241
2. SromiTi da valdebulebiTsamarTlebrivi urTierTobebis gansxvaveba
mesame pirTa qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis WrilSi ............................................ 244
3. mesame pirTa monawileobiT damyarebuli urTierTobebis gansxvaveba
sxva samarTlebrivi konstruqciebisagan.................................................................................245
4. mesame pirTa statusi da pasuxismgeblobisgan ,,ormagi
ganTavisuflebis~ wesi ............................................................................................................................. 246
X. daskvna.................................................................................................................................................................... 251
bibliografia ........................................................................................................................................................ 267
7
abreviaturebi
DA
qarTul enaze:
aesk amerikis erTiani savaWro kodeqsi
gsk germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsi
Tb. Tbilisi
isk italiis samoqalaqo kodeqsi
ix. ixileT
mTarg. mTargmneli
nsk niderlandebis samoqalaqo kodeqsi
red. redaqtori
ssk saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi
t. tomi
fsk franguli samoqalaqo kodeqsi
Sead. SeadareT
arakeTilsindisieri evrosabWos direqtiva samomxmareblo

pirobebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebebSi arakeTilsindisieri
direqtiva pirobebis Sesaxeb
aspa arasamarTliani saxelSekrulebo pirobebis

Sesaxeb aqti
evropuli principebi evropis saxelSekrulebo samarTlis

principebi
venis konvencia saqonlis saerTaSoriso nasyidobis xelSek-

rulebaTa Sesaxeb venis konvencia
8
smma saqonlis miwodebisa da momsaxurebis
Sesaxeb aqti
snSk saqonlis nasyidobis Sesaxeb kanoni
unidruas unidruas saerTaSoriso komerciul

saxelSekrulebo xelSekrulebaTa principebi
principebi
xasra xelSekrulebis amaoebis momwesrigebeli

samarTlis reformis aqti
ucxour enebze:
P
BGB Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Code of Civil Law
BGH Bundesgerichtshof, Federal Court of Justice of Germany
CISG United Nations Convention on Contracts for the

International Sale of Goods
DCFR Draft Common Frame of Reference
EC European Commission
ECJ European Court of Justice
GTZ German Technical Cooperation Agency
ICC International Chamber of Commerce
ICC Publ. International Chamber of Commerce Publication
PECL Principles of European Contract Law
UCC Uniform Commercial Code
UNCITRAL United Nations’ Commission on International Trade

Law
UNIDROIT International Institute for the Unificiation of Private Law
9
UPICC International Institute for the Unification of Private Law
Art. Article
Am. J. Comp. L. American Journal of Comparative Law
Am. J. Legal Hist. American Journal of Legal History
Buff. L. Rev. Buffalo Law Review
Can. J.L. & Jurisprudence Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence
Colum. L. R. Columbia Law Review
Com. L.J. Comparative Law Journal
Cornell L. Rev. Cornell Law Review
Dick. J. Int'l. L. Dickinson Journal of International Law
Duq. Bus. L.J. Duquesne Law Review
Edin. L.R. Edinburg Law Review
Ed. (eds.) Editor (editors)
EJCL Electronic Journal of Comparative Law
ERCL European Review Contract Law
Eur. Rev. of Prv. L. European Review of Private Law
Fla. J. Int'l L. Florida Journal of International Law
Fordham L. Rev. Fordham Law Review
Foreigh. Invest. L.J. Foreign Investment Law Journal
Gen. Ed. General Editor
Hastings L.J. Hastings Law Journal
IJE International Journal of Engineering
Int'l Bus. L.J. International Business Law Journal

10
Int'l Rev. L. & Econ. International Review of Law and Economics
J. Int’l Arb. Journal of International Arbitration
J.L. & Com. Journal of Law and Commerce
J. Legal Stud. Journal of Legal Studies
J. Struct. Finan. The Journal of Structured Finance
Mich. L. Rev. Michigan Law Review
La. L. Rev. Louisiana Law Review
NJCL Nordic Journal of Commercial Law
No. Number
Nr. Nummer
N/W Univ. L. Rev. Northwestern University Law Review
OLG Hamburg Oberlandesgericht Hamburg, Appellate Court Hamburg
Pace Int'l L. Rev. Pace International Law Review
Para. Paragraph
Review Wash. & Lee L. Rev. Washington and Lee Law
Ritsumeikan L. Rev. Ritsumeikan Law Review
S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal
St. John's L. Rev. St. John's Law Review
Tul. L. Rev. Tulane Law Review
UCCLJ Uniform Commercial Code Law Journal
UK United Kingdom
Unif. L. Rev. Uniform Law Review
11
U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L. Pennsylvania Journal of International
Economic Law
U.Pa.L. Rev. University of Pennsylvania Law Review
Va. J. Int'l L. Virginia Journal of International Law
Vand. J. Transnat'l L. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
VJ Int'l Comm. Arb. Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law

and Arbitration
Vol. Volume
VUWLR Victoria University of Wellington Law Review
Wake Forest L. Rev. Wake Forest Law Review
Wash. & Lee L. Rev. Washington and Lee Law Review
12
I. Sesavali
nebismieri sazogadoeba ayalibebs simdidrisa da Zalauflebis

garkveul wesrigs. samoqalaqo brunvis formirebaSi centraluri
mniSvneloba xelSekrulebebs eniWebaT. Sesabamisad, saxelSekrulebo
samarTali samoqalaqo brunvis regulirebiT simdidrisa da Zalauf-
lebis wesrigis ganmsazRvrelia.1 umravles sazogadoebaSi sabazro
urTierTobebi umniSvnelovanesi meqanizmia qonebis warmoebisa da ga-
nawilebisaTvis.2 saxelSekrulebo samarTali ayalibebs sabazro ur-
TierTobebis marTvis fuZemdeblur danawesebs. amdenad, Secvlili ga-
remoebebis gavleniT warmoSobili valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTu-
lebis maregulirebeli normebis moqnilobaze mniSvnelovnad aris
damokidebuli samoqalaqo brunvisa da komerciuli urTierTobebis
stabiluroba.
xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principi – Pacta Sunt Servanda3 – yve-
la marTlwesrigis4 fuZemdebluri danawesia, valdebulebiTi samar-
Tlis kardinaluri principia,5 moraluri imperativia,6 bunebiTi sa-
marTlianobis gamovlinebaa,7 romelic imperatiulad adgens saxel-
1 Collins H., The Law of Contract, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2003, 10-11.
2 iqve, 1.
3 ix.: Surhone L.M., Timpledon M.T., Marseken S.F., Pacta Sunt Servanda: Brocard, Civil Law, Contract,
Clause, Law, Good Faith, Peremptory Norm, Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus, Betascript Publishers, 2010,
yvelgan; Houtte H.V., Changed Circumstances and Pacta Sunt Servanda: Gaillard (ed.), Transnational Ru-
les in International Commercial Arbitration (ICC Publ. Nr. 480, 4), Paris, 1993, yvelgan, <http://tldb. uni-
koeln.de/TLDB.html>, [24.06.2014]; Zimmermann R., The Law of Obligations, Roman Foundations of the
Civilian Tradition, Oxford University Press, 1996, 576-581; Sharp M.P., Pacta Sunt Servanda, Colum. L.
Rev., Vol. 41, 1941, yvelgan, <http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/clr41&div=55&gse-
nt=1&collection=journals>, [24.06.2014]; Draetta U., Lake R.B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation on
International Contracts, An Introduction to Lex Mercatoria, Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1992, 178.
4 kontinenturi samarTlis sabaziso princips – Pacta Sunt Servanda – saerTo samar-
TalSi Seesatyviseba Doctrine of Consideration. ix. Hyland R., Pacta Sunt Servanda, A Meditation,
Va. J. Int'l L., Vol. 34, 1994, <http://heinonline.org/HOL/Print?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/va-
jint34&id=417>, [24.06.2014].
5 kandelhardi r., realuri Sesruleba Tu zianis anazRaureba: saerTaSoriso kon-
sensusi? saiubileo krebuli `sergo jorbenaZe – 70~, Tb., 1996, 103; Houtte H.V., Changed
Circumstances and Pacta Sunt Servanda, in: Gaillard E.(ed.), Transnational Rules in International Commer-
cial Arbitration (ICC Publ. Nr. 480, 4), Paris, 1993, 105, 107, 108, <http://tldb.uni-koeln.de/TLDB.html>,
[24.06.2014]; Liu Ch., Newman M.S.(ed.), Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from CISG,
UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC, Huntington, New York, 2007, 653; Edlund H.E., Imbalance
in Long-Term Commercial Contracts, ERCL, Vol. 5, Issue 4, 2009, 431.
6 Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation
in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2010, 8.

7 Maskow D., Hardship and Force Majeure, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 40, 1992, 657-658, <http://www.hein-
online.org/HOL/PDF?handle=hein.journals/amcomp40&collection=journals&section=36&id=667&print=sec
tion&sectioncount=1&ext=.pdf>, [23.07.2014], miTiTebulia: Liu Ch., Newman M.S. (ed.), Remedies in
International Sales, Perspective from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC, New York,
2007, 653. ix. aseve, Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract
13
Sekrulebo pirobebis Sesrulebis savaldebuloobas samoqalaqo
brunvis stabilurobis, saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis8 uzrunvelyo-
fisa da samarTlebrivi gansazRvrulobisaTvis.9 igi kerZo samarTlis
transnacionalur principad10 da saerTaSoriso savaWro samarTlis
qvakuTxedad aris aRiarebuli.11 aRniSnuli principis sicocxlis-
unarianobazea damokidebuli samoqalaqo brunvis bed-iRbali. ,,saxel-
mwifo valdebulia xeli Seuwyos brunvis tradiciebis Camoyalibebas,
rasac mosdevs am tradiciebiT STagonebuli adamianebi. is, visTvisac
es brunva warmoadgens faseulobas, visTvisac moTxovnilebaa, valde-
buleba Sesruldes, misTvis misaRebia adekvaturad faseuli sajaro
xelisufleba. aseTi adamiani msgavsi xelisuflebis Semoqmedi iqneba.
amdenad, xelisuflebisken gza samoqalaqo brunvis tradiciebze
gadis.~12
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebSi Secvlili garemoebebis aRmo-
ceneba Tanamedrove samoqalaqo brunvis Tanamdevi riskia, romlis pi-
robebSic xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principis13 SeuzRudavi gamoye-
neba saxelSekrulebo wonasworobisa da samarTlianobis xelyofas
Renegotiation and Adaptation in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing,
Saarbrücken, 2010, 8.
8 nebismieri xelSekruleba mis monawile subieqtTa Soris ganamtkicebs garkveul
wonasworobas sargeblisa da riskebis gadanawilebis TvalsazrisiT. Sesabamisad,
Tu erTi mxare xelSekrulebis safuZvelze ganicdis materialur danakargs, is ama-
ve garigebidan iRebs sanacvlo Rirebulebis sikeTes. ix. Roberts Th.E., Commercial
Impossibility and Frustration of Purpose: A Critical Analysis, Can. J.L. & Jurisprudence, Vol. 16, 2003, 137,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/caljp16&collection=journals&page=129>,
[24.06.2014].
9 Puelinckxin A.H., Frustration, Hardship, Force Majeure, Imprévision, Wegfall der Geschäftsgrundlage,
Unmöglichkeit, Changed Circumstances, J. Int'l Arbit., Vol. 3, No. 2, 1986, 47,

<http://tldb.uni-koeln.de/TLDB.html>, [24.06.2014].
10 Goldman B., The Applicable Law: General Principles of Law - the Lex Mercatoria: J. Lew ed., Contem-
porary Problems in International Arbitration, London, 1986, 125, <http://tldb.uni-koeln.de/TLDB.html>,

[24.06.2014].
11 Liu Ch., Changed Contract Circumstances, 2nd ed., 2005, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/liu5.-
html>, [24.06.2014].
12 zoiZe b., samarTlis praqtikuli yofierebis Semecnebis cda – upiratesad adami-
anis uflebaTa WrilSi, eseebi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 2013, 181-
182.
13 ix.: Pacta Sunt Servarda ix.: Surhone L.M., Timpledon M.T., Marseken S. F., Pacta Sunt Servanda:
Brocard, Civil Law, Contract, Clause, Law, Good Faith, Peremptory Norm, Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus,
Betascript Publishers, 2010, yvelgan; Houtte H.V., Changed Circumstances and Pacta Sunt Servanda:
Gaillard (ed.), Transnational Rules in International Commercial Arbitration (ICC Publ. Nr. 480, 4), Paris,
1993, yvelgan, <http://tldb.uni-koeln.de/TLDB.html>, [24.06.2014]; Zimmermann R., The Law of
Obligations, Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition, Oxford University Press, 1996, 576-581; Sharp
M.P., Pacta Sunt Servanda, Colum. L. Rev., Vol. 41, 1941, yvelgan,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/clr41&div=55&gsent=1&collection=journals>,
[24.06.2014]; Draetta U., Lake R.B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation on International Contracts, An
Introduction to Lex Mercatoria, Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1992, 178.
14
ganapirobebs14 da winaaRmdegobaSi modis samoqalaqo brunvisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel sikeTeTa samarTliani gacvlisa da keTilsindisiere-
bis moTxovnebTan.15
xelSekrulebis urRvevobis principis SeuzRudavma gamoyenebam
SesaZlebelia samarTlianobis, gonivrulobisa da keTilsindisiere-
bis principTa xelyofa16 ganapirobos da am principTa umTavresi miz-
nis sawinaaRmdego Sedegi gamoiwvios17 saxelSekrulebo urTierTobeb-
Si Secvlili garemoebebis aRmocenebisas, rac samoqalaqo brunvisaT-
vis damaxasiaTebeli Cveuli riski da Tanamdevi movlenaa. saxelSekru-
lebo urTierTobis dros mxareTa mier winaswar gansazRvruli gare-
moebebi SeiZleba ise Seicvalos, rom mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonios
valdebulebis mboWav xasiaTze.18
Sesabamisad, Secvlili garemoebebis institutis kvlevis samar-
Tlebrivi mniSvneloba mWidrod ukavSirdeba valdebulebis Sesrule-
bis sakiTxs, vinaidan ès axali garemoebani gavlenas axdenen valde-
bulebis Semdgom bed-iRbalsa da mxareTa pasuxismgeblobis fargleb-
ze~.19 Tanamedrove msoflios yvela samarTlebriv sistemaSi valdebu-
lebis Sesruleba, miuxedavad valdebulebis warmoSobis safuZvlisa,
valdebulebiTi samarTlis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi institutia.20
Sesruleba valdebulebiTsamarTlebrivi urTierTobis funda-
menturi elementia, romelsac emsaxureba mxareTa urTierTsanacvlo
ufleba-movaleobebis ganxorcieleba. valdebulebis Sesrulebis fu-
Zemdeblur mniSvnelobaze isic metyvelebs, rom valdebulebiTi sa-
marTali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi21 (SemdgomSi – ssk) Semde-
gi sityvebiT iwyeba: valdebulebis ZaliT kreditori uflebamosilia
mosTxovos movales raime moqmedebis Sesruleba. Sesruleba ,,valde-
14
Baranauskas E., Zapolskis P., The Effect of Change in Circumstances on the Performance of Contract,
Mykolas Romeris University, 4 (118), 2009, 198, <http://www.mruni.eu/lt/mokslo_darbai/jurisprudencija/
archyvas/dwn.php?id=226657>, [24.06.2014]. ix. aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 6 ivlisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010;
15 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis
saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 25 noemberis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-466-707-08.
16 Baranauskas E., Zapolskis P., The Effect of Change in Circumstances on the Performance of Contract,

archyvas/dwn.php?id=226657>, [23.07.2014].
17 Maskow D., Hardship and Force Majeure, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol.40, 1992, 658, <http://www.trans-
lex.org/126400>, [23.07.2014]; Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract
Renegotiation and Adaptation in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing,
Saarbrücken, 2010, 9.
18 Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi
nawili, Tb., 2001, 399.
19 iqve.
20 ZlieriSvilis z., valdebulebis Sesruleba, Tb., 2006, 12.
21 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, saqarTvelos parlamentis oficialuri
gamocema, ùwyebani~, sakanonmdeblo damateba, #31, 1997.
15
bulebiTi urTierTobis sagania.~22 Secvlili garemoebebis mWidro
kavSiri valdebulebis SesrulebasTan, rogorc centraluri mniSvne-
lobis institutTan, amaRlebs sakiTxis mecnierul Rirebulebas da
zrdis misi kvlevis interess. aRsaniSnavnia, rom ,,Secvlili garemoe-
bebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
arastabiluri samoqalaqo brunvis pirobebSi, rac damaxasiaTebelia
postsabWouri qveynebisaTvis~23
amrigad, Secvlil garemoebaTa pirobebSi saxelSekrulebo boW-
vis problema umniSvnelovanesia rogorc iuridiuli abstrahirebis,
ise praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT.
nacionalur samarTlebriv sistemebsa da unificirebul saerTa-
Soriso kerZo samarTalSi aRiarebulia, rom Secvlili garemoebebis
aRmoceneba saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi forsmaJorisa (romanul
samarTalSi – vis major) da Sesrulebis garTulebis (hardship) or fuZem-
deblur, sabaziso koncefcias afuZnebs24 Tanamdevi samarTlebrivi Se-
degebiT. Sesrulebis garTuleba arsebobs maSin, rodesac xelSekru-
lebis dadebis Semdgom aRmocenebuli garemoebebis gavleniT25 valde-
bulebis aRsruleba moulodnelad aragonivrulad mZime tvirTs akis-
rebs movales.26 Sesrulebis garTuleba gulisxmobs obieqturad gan-
xorcielebadi valdebulebis Sesrulebis ukidures damZimebas, rome-
lic obieqturad ar gamoricxavs Sesrulebis SesaZleblobas27 da
romlis pirobebSic mxareTa interesebis upirvelesi samarTlebrivi
dacvis saSualeba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misada-
gebaa. forsmaJori (Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZlebloba) ki gan-
sxvavebuli samarTlebrivi winapirobebiT warmoiSoba, romelic Tanam-
nawili, Tb., 2001, 28.
23 zoiZe b., sakonstitucio kontroli da RirebulebaTa wesrigi saqarTveloSi,
germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba (GTZ), Tb., 2007, 22-23, <http://www.-

scribd.com/ doc/44006042/besarion zoiZe>, [15.07.2014].
24 Lando O., Salient Features of the Principles of European Contract Law: A Comparison with the UCC, Pace
Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2001, 27, <http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr/vol13/iss2/4/>, [24.06.2014];

Horn N., Changes in Circumstances and the Revision of Contracts in some European Laws and International
Law, in: Horn N. (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and Finance,
Antwerp, Boston, London, Frankfurt a.M., 1985, 16, <http://translex.uni-koeln.de/113700/highlight_horn-
_changes_circumstances_and_the_revision_contracts_some_european_laws_and_international_law_horn_ada
ptation_and_renegotiation_contracts_inter_not_national_trade_and_finance>, [24.06.2014]; Ciematniece I.,
Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation in International
Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2010, 9, 13.
25 Yorio E., Thel S., Contract Enforcement, 2nd ed., Wolters Kluwer Law and Business, Aspen Publishers,
2011, 5-6.
26 Sharpe R.J., Injunctions and Specific Performance, 2nd ed., 1992, 10-10, 10-11, miTiTebulia: Yorio E.,
Thel S., Contract Enforcement, 2nd ed., Wolters Kluwer Law and Business, Aspen Publishers, 2011, 5-6.
27 Pizer L.K., Smith M.R. (eds. in Chief), Southerington T., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods (CISG) 2002-2003, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, New York,
2004, 261.
16
dev Sedegad Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan ganTavisuflebas moiaz-
rebs.28 Tumca, marTlmsajulebis evropuli sasamarTlos29 mtkicebiT,
forsmaJoris koncefcia ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos mxolod Sesru-
lebis absoluturi SeuZleblobis cnebiT, aramed igi moicavs mxaris
kontrolis miRma aRmocenebul uCveulo garemoebebs, romelTa Sede-
gebis aRmofxvra gonivruli windaxedulebisa da yvela saTanado
zrunvis miuxedavad, SeuZlebelia ukiduresad mZime danaxarjebis ga-
reSe.30
Sesrulebis garTuleba da SeuZlebloba mWidrod dakavSirebu-
li koncefciebia.31 maTi urTierTdamokidebulebis dadgena xSirad
Zalian rTulia, miT umetes, rom Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba ar moi-
cavs mxolod absoluturi, obieqturi SeuZleblobis SemTxvevebs. Se-
sabamisad, aucilebelia im gansxvavebis dadgena, romelic Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobisa da garTulebis arsebobisas pasuxismgeblobis sazR-
vrebs mijnavs; mniSvnelovania, Tu ra samarTlebrivi winapirobebiT
emijneba valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTuleba, rogorc Secvlili
garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis safuZveli, Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobas, rogorc valdebulebis Sesrulebisagan ganTavisufle-
bis safuZvels; sad gadis zRvari Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan gan-
Tavisuflebasa da Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misa-
dagebas Soris; garemoebaTa rogori cvlilebis pirobebSi SeiZleba
mxareebma gadaarCinon xelSekruleba (Secvlili garemoebebisadmi mi-
si misadagebis gziT) da ra SemTxvevaSia gamarTlebuli saxelSekru-
lebo boWvisgan movalis ganTavisufleba.
amrigad, naSromSi valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTuleba sapi-
rispiro cnebasTan – Sesrulebis SeuZleblobasTan urTierTkavSirSi
iqneba ganxiluli, romlis safuZvelze gamoikveTeba am ori samar-
Tlebrivi institutis Tanafardoba. winamdebare kvleva swored aR-
niSnuli koncefciebis analizs isaxavs miznad unificirebuli, an-
gloamerikuli da kontinenturi samarTlis civilisturi mecnierebis,
pozitiuri kanonmdeblobisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlis sa-
fuZvelze.
28 Rösler H., Hardship in German Codified Private Law – In Comparative Perspective to English, French and
International Contract Law, Kluwer Law International BV/Printed in Netherlands, Eur. Rev. of Prv. L., Vol.
15, No. 4, 2007, 483, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1154004>, [24.06.2014].
29 European Court of Justice (ECJ).
30 European Court of Justice, Judgment of 11 July, 1968, Case 4/68, Rec. 1968, 563,
<http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/?uri=CELEX:61970CJ0011>, [24.06.2014].
31 ùnidruas~ (Institut International pour l’Unification du Droit, UNIDROIT) instituti daarsda
1926 wels erTa ligis egidiT, kerZo samarTlis unifikaciis xelSewyobis mizniT.
saerTaSoriso savaWro xelSekrulebaTa principebis (UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts, in: Unif. L. Rev., 2004) 6.2.2-e muxlis me-6 oficialuri komentaridan
vlindeba, rom es koncefciebi xSirad imdenad uaxlovdeba erTmaneTs, rom
dazaralebuli mxaris gadasawyvetia samarTlebrivi dacvis romel saSualebas
gamoiyenebs.
17
naSromis meTodologiur safuZvlad gamoyenebulia rogorc
zogadmecnieruli _ istoriuli, agreTve, specialuri _ normatiuli,
dogmaturi da SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi kvlevis meTodebi.
Qistoriuli meTodis gamoyenebiT axsnil iqna Sesaswavli sa-
marTlebrivi koncefciebis aRmocenebisa da ganviTarebis ganmapirobe-
beli istoriuli safuZvlebi.
normatiuli da dogmaturi kvlevis meTodebis saSualebiT gan-
xorcielda calkeul cnebaTa Sinaarsis dadgena, normaTa sistema-
tizacia da iuridiuli analizi maTi urTierTkavSirSi ganxilvisa
da samarTlis sistemaSi kuTvnili adgilis gansazRvris gziT. xolo
komparativistuli meTodiT sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi sistemis ana-
logi institutebi Seswavlil iqna qarTul koncefciebTan urTier-
TkavSirSi.
naSromis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli kvleva aTi Tavis sa-
xiT aris Camoyalibebuli:
pirvel or TavSi warmoCenilia kvlevis sagani, mizani da
aqtualoba. gansazRvrulia Secvlili garemoebebis samarTlebrivi
problematikis kvlevis farglebi, romelic moicavs angloameriku-
li, kontinenturi da unificirebuli samarTlis kvlevis mecnieruli
da praqtikuli mniSvnelobis dasabuTebas da maTi gavlenis aRweras
nacionaluri samarTlis ganviTarebaze.
mesame Tavi eTmoba Secvlili garemoebebiT dafuZnebuli ori
umTavresi samarTlebrivi konstruqciis _ valdebulebis Sesrulebis
garTulebisa da forsmaJoris, rogorc zogadi saxelSekrulebo
principebis konceftualur analizs, maTi funqciuri daniSnulebis
kvlevas xelSekrulebis mboWav ZalasTan da samarTlebriv bedTan
mimarTebiT.
meoTxe Tavi eZRvneba Sesrulebis garTulebisa da forsmaJo-
ris analogi koncefciebis kvlevas ucxour samarTlebriv sistemebSi
da maTi iuridiuli maxasiaTeblebis analizs.
mexuTe Tavis farglebSi dawvrilebiT gamokvleulia Sesrule-
bis garTulebisa da forsmaJoris koncefciebis dafuZnebis samarT-
lebrivi winapirobebi da SemoTavazebulia damatebiTi winapirobebis
ganmtkicebis aucilebloba qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi.
meeqvse TavSi ganxilulia Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSek-
rulebis misadageba, rogorc valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis
samarTlebrivi Sedegi; xelSekrulebis adaptaciis etapze gamosaye-
nebeli fuZemdebluri kerZosamarTlebrivi principebi; molaparakebis
warmoebis valdebulebis ganmamtkicebeli sakanonmdeblo normis
danergvis aucilebloba; sasamarTlos rolisa da uflebamosilebis
farglebi xelSekrulebis adaptaciasTan mimarTebiT; samarTlianobi-
sa da saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis aRdgenis mizani; mxareTa nebis
avtonomiisa da saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebis SezRudvis sakiTxi
18
sasamarTlos mier Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis
misadagebis procesSi.
meSvide da merve Tavebi asaxavs xelSekrulebis adaptaciis
SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi warmoSobili valdebulebis darRvevis
saxeebisa da gamosayenebeli meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis urTierT-
mimarTebis sakiTxs. aRniSnul TavebSi warmoCenilia samarTlebrivi
dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis samarTlebrivi winapirobebis ana-
lizi.
mecxre Tavi mesame piris mier Sesrulebis garTulebis an
SeuZleblobis gamomwvevi garemoebis aRmocenebis safuZvliT pasu-
xismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis sakiTxis kvlevas moicavs. aRniS-
nuli Tavis farglebSi ganxilulia mesame piris statusi da pasuxis-
mgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlebi.
naSromis dasasruls, ganxorcielebuli kvlevis Sedegebi
Camoyalibebulia meaTe TavSi daskvnis saxiT, sadac SemoTavazebulia
ZiriTadi Semajamebeli Tezisebi da qarTuli kanonmdeblobis srul-
yofis winadadebebi.
19
II. Secvlili garemoebebis samarTlebrivi problematikis
kvlevis farglebi
1. qarTuli samarTali unificirebuli kerZo samarTlis sivrceSi
1.1. unifikaciis gavlena nacionalur samarTlebriv

sistemaTa ganviTarebaze
msoflio globalizaciisa da mzardi unifikaciis pirobebSi,

rodesac samarTali sul ufro harmonizaciisken miemarTeba, SeuZle-
belia iuridiuli institutebis Seswavla mxolod Sidasaxelmwifo-
ebrivi kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze. ,,saqarTvelosTvis, romelmac
epoqaluri mniSvnelobis qartexilebi gamoiara, yvelaze
mniSvnelovania evropuli idealebisken swrafva da ganviTarebis
dasavlur standartze gadasvla. samarTlis ganviTareba da misi
evropeizacia ki am procesis erT-erT aucilebel winapirobas warmo-
adgens.32 swored amitom SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi mecnieruli kvleva
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens qarTuli samarTlis, rogorc
unifikaciis erTiani procesis integraluri nawilis, ganviTarebisaT-
vis. aRniSnuli meTodi emsaxureba erovnuli samarTlis srulyofas,
romelic sxvadasxva samarTlebriv sistemaSi damkvidrebuli sa-
marTlis analogi institutebisa da cnebebis urTierTkavSirSi Ses-
wavliT miiRweva.33
,,valdebulebiTi samarTali, rogorc adamianTa yoveldRiuri
interesebis dakmayofilebasTan yvelaze axlos mdgomi dargi, auci-
leblad ganicdis bolo periodSi gansakuTrebiT daCqarebuli Zireu-
li cvlilebebis gavlenas.~34 internacionalizaciisa da globaliza-
ciis procesma samarTlebrivi sistemebi aiZula globaluri mimarTu-
leba aeRoT. Tanamedrove msoflioSi vaWrobasTan erTad samarTalic
kveTs saxelmwifoebriv sazRvrebs. modeluri kanonebis SemuSaveba da
konvenciebis ratificireba samarTlebrivi sistemebis pasuxia inter-
nacionalizaciis procesis mimarT.35 ,,SedarebiTi samarTlis aRiare-
buli principi, romlis Tanaxmadac marTlwesrigTa umravlesoba er-
Ti da imave Sedegisaken stilurad gansxvavebuli gziT miiswrafvis,
aseTi mniSvnelovani arasodes yofila. sxvadasxva regionuli gaerTi-
anebebi maqsimalurad cdiloben TavianTi wevri saxelmwifoebis mier
32 gegenava d. (red.), winaTqma, krebulSi: lado Wanturia 50, saiubileo gamocema,

daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2013, 5.
33 CitaSvili n., bralis mniSvneloba saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvri-
saTvis, ,,samarTlis Jurnali~, #1, 2009, 145.
34 juReli g. (red.), ZlieriSvili z., cercvaZe g., robaqiZe i., svanaZe g., cercvaZe l.,
janaSia l., cercvaZe g., saxelSekrulebo samarTali, Tb., 2014, 19.

35 Zeller B., CISG and Unification of International Trade Law, Routledge-Cavendish, Taylor and Francis
Group, 2007, 1.
20
SeTavazebul samarTlebriv normebs Soris arsebuli Seusabamoebebi-
sa da winaaRmdegobebis aRmofxvras.~36
sasamarTlo praqtikaSic aRiarebul iqna, rom saerTaSoriso sa-
marTlis ganmartebisa da gamoyenebis unificireba is mniSvnelovani
winapirobaa, romelic emsaxureba saerTaSoriso vaWrobis stabiluro-
basa da misi procesebis prognozirebas.37
,,TiTqmis 20 welia, rac evropaSi regularulad gamoicema sa-
marTlis cnobili mkvlevarebisa da praqtikosebis statiebis krebu-
li, romelsac ,,evropuli samoqalaqo kodeqsis Sesaxeb“ (Towards Euro-
pean Civil Code) ewodeba. rogorc am krebulis meoTxe gamocemis wina-
sityvaobaSia aRniSnuli, gamocemis ideis dabadebis momentSi, anu
1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, avtorTa umravlesobas Znelad SeeZlo
warmoedgina erTiani evropuli samoqalaqo kodeqsis realuroba, Tum-
ca 2011 wlisaTvis saerTo da universaluri unifikaciisaken gadad-
gmuli mniSvnelovani nabijebi sadavo ar aris“.38
Secvlili garemoebebis sakiTxi urTulesi problemaa yvela
ganviTarebuli samarTlis sistemaSi, gansakuTrebiT exeba es saerTa-
Soriso savaWro samarTals.39 Sesabamisad, didi mniSvneloba eTmoba
mis regulirebas saxelSekrulebo samarTlis principebis e.w. ,,rbili
samarTlis~ arasakanonmdeblo kodifikaciebSi40, rameTu ,,saerTaSori-
so komerciuli samarTlis gavlenam, konvenciebisa da modeluri ka-
nonebis formiT, mniSvnelovnad Secvala saxelSekrulebo landSafti
da ganapiroba saxelSekrulebo samarTlis sruli transformacia.~41
36
juReli g. (red.), ZlieriSvili z., cercvaZe g., robaqiZe i., svanaZe g., cercvaZe l.,
janaSia l., cercvaZe g., saxelSekrulebo samarTali, Tb., 2014, 20.
37 Zeller B., CISG and Unification of International Trade Law, Routledge-Cavendish, Taylor and Francis
Group, 2007, 37.
38 Hartkamp A.S., Hesselink M., Hondius E.H., Mak Ch., du Perron C.E.(eds.), Towards a European Civil
Code, 4th Revised and Expanded edition, Kluwer Law International, 2011, miTiTebulia wignSi:
juReli g. (red.), ZlieriSvili z., cercvaZe g., robaqiZe i., svanaZe g., cercvaZe l.,
janaSia l., cercvaZe g., saxelSekrulebo samarTali, Tb., 2014, 21-22.
39 Mustill M. J. (Lord Justice), The New Lex Mercatoria: The First Twenty-five Years, In Liber Amicorum
for Lord Wilberforce, 149, Bos M. & Brownlie I. (eds.), 1987, reprinted in J. Int’l Arb., Vol. 4, 1988, 84.
40 rbili samarTlis arasakanonmdeblo kodifikaciebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix.
Jansen N., The Making of Legal Authority, Non-legislative Codifications in Historical and Comparative
Perspective, Oxford University Press, New York, 2010.
41
Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samo-
qalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawili,
Tb., 2001, 1.
21
1.2. unificirebuli samarTlis instrumentebi
naSromSi Secvlil garemoebebTan dakavSirebuli problemati-

kis mecnieruli analizi efuZneba iseTi saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi
instrumentebis kvlevas, rogoricaa gaerTianebuli erebis organiza-
ciis konvencia „saqonlis saerTaSoriso nasyidobis xelSekrulebaTa
Sesaxeb“42 (SemdgomSi – venis konvencia), „unidruas saerTaSoriso ko-
merciul xelSekrulebaTa principebi“43 (SemdgomSi – unidruas sa-
xelSekrulebo principebi), „evropis saxelSekrulebo samarTlis
principebi“44 (SemdgomSi – evropuli principebi)45 da Devropuli ker-
Zo samarTlis principebi, ganmartebebi da modeluri wesebi – Draft
Common Frame of Reference (DCFR)46.
venis konvencia iuridiul doqtrinaSi saxeldebulia, rogorc
multinacionaluri konvencia, romelic adgens saqonlis saerTaSiro-
so nasyidobis momwesrigebel unificirebul samarTals.47 xsenebuli
unificirebuli aqtis kvlevis mniSvneloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom
mas mboWavi Zala aqvs xelmomweri saxelmwifoebisaTvis. vinaidan sa-
qarTvelo konvenciis xelSemkvreli mxarea, Sesabamisi winapirobebis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, igi SeiZleba gaxdes gamosayenebeli samarTa-
42
ix. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 1980, United
Nations Commission on International Trade Law, United Nations, New York, November, 2010 (United
Nations’ Publication – Sales No. E.10. V.14); aseve, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/text/text.html>,
[03.07.2014].
43
ix. UNIDR0IT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UNIDROIT Contract Principles an
UPICC), International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), Rome, 2004. aseve,
<http://www.unidroit.org/english/principles/contracts/principles2004/integralversionprinciples2004-e.pdf>,
[20.06.2014].
44 ix. Principles of European Contract Law, Parts I and II - Revised 1998, Part III – 2002, <http://www.jus.-
uio.no/lm/eu.contract.principles.parts.1.to.3.2002/>, [20.06.2014]. aseve, Lando O., Beale H., Principles of

European Contract Law, Part I, II, Kluwer Law International,The Hague/London/Boston, 2000.
45 e.w. `rbili samarTlis~ kodifikaciebi SemuSavebul iqna praqtikosebisa da
mecnierebisgan Semdgari kerZo jgufebis mier, romlebsac ar hqondaT sakanonmdeb-
lo xelisufleba, ris gamoc maT mier miRebul aqtebs xSirad, `pricipebis~ da ara
`wesebis~ saxeliT moixsenieben. `principebi~ am SemTxvevaSi atareben ara saxel-
mZRvanelo standartebis mniSvnelobas, aramed gamoxataven debulebebis universa-
lur, zogad xasiaTs.
46
Bar Ch., Clive E., Schulte-Nölke H., Beale H., Herre J., Huet J., Storme M., Swann S., Varul P., Vaneziano
A., Zoll F. (eds.), Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law, Draft Common Frame of
Reference, Study Group on a European Civil Code and Research Group on EC Private Law (Acquis Group),
Sellier, European Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009. “Draft Common Frame of Reference”,
unifikaciis am dokumentis dasaxelebis zusti qarTuli Sesatyvisis moZebna
nagulisxmevi dedaazris zedmiwevniTi SenarCunebiT gansakuTrebiT rTulia, Sesaba-
misad, igi inglisuri abreviaturis saxiT _ DCFR iqneba naSromSi gamoyenebuli.
47
Honnold J., The Sales Convention: Background, Status, Application, J.L. & Com., Vol. 8, 1988, 1,
miTiTebulia: Bund J.M., Force Majeure Clauses: Drafting Advice for the CISG Practitioner, J.L. & Com.,
Vol. 17, 1998, 383, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/bund.html#t9>, [13.07.2014].
22
li, romelsac upiratesoba mieniWeba Sidasaxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeb-
lobasTan mimarTebiT.48 venis konvencia xelmowerilia 76 qveynis49 mi-
er,50 man didi gavlena moaxdina araerTi saxelmwifos nacionaluri
kanonmdeblobis ganviTarebaze51 da dRemde samarTlis unifikaciis
orientirad rCeba.52 venis konvenciis mizania uzrunvelyos saerTaSo-
riso nasyidobis samarTlis erTianoba da saerTaSoriso vaWrobis ba-
rierebisgan ganTavisufleba. venis konvencia saerTaSoriso vaWrobis
sferoSi unificirebuli samarTlis yvelaze mniSvnelovani aqtia.53
evropuli principebi, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi da
venis konvencia kontinenturi (ZiriTadad, germanul-franguli) da an-
gloamerikuli (umTavresad, amerikul-inglisuri) samarTlis ZiriTa-
di kodifikaciebis amosavali principebisa da tradiciebis, samar-
Tlebrivi koncefciebisa da principebis Sejamebas axdens54 da kom-
promisuli midgomis gamomxatvelia.55 unidruas saxelSekrulebo
48
ix. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 II muxli.
49 The World of CISG, CISG contracting States wignSi: Will M.R., Twenty Years of International Sales Law
under the CISG (The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, International
Bibliography and Case Law Digest, 1980-2000, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston,
2000.
50
Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding Force of the Contracts, Comparative
Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 186.
51
Ferrari F.(ed.), The CISG and its Impact on National Legal Systems, Sellier, European Law Pulishers,
Munich, 2008,
<http://www.sellier.de/pages/downloads/9783866530782_leseprobe.pdf?code=4a8fb234920bc290ddcb75fd5
0df852a>, [20.06.2014]; Schwenzer I., Hachem P., The CISG - Successes and Pitfalls, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol.
57, 2009, 457-478, <www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/schwenzer-hachem.html>, [20.06.2014];
Schlechtriem P., Basic Structures and General Concepts of the CISG as Models for a Harmonisation of the
Law of Obligations, Juridica X/2005, <www.juridicainternational.eu/public/pdf/ji_2005_1_27.pdf>,
[20.06.2014].
52
Bonell M.J., The CISG, European Contract Law and the Development of a World Contract Law, Am. J.
Comp. L., Vol.56, Issue 1, 2008.
53
Spivack C., Of Shrinking Sweatsuits and Poison Vine Wax: A Comparison of Basis for Excuse under UCC
§2-615 and CISG Article 79, Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L., Vol. 27, 2006, 765,
<www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/spivack.html#34>, [20.06.2014].
54
Henseler P., Henseler & Partners Dusseldorf, Germany, The Application in the contracting states of the
United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG), 2007, 1, <http://www.hp-
egal.com/images/stories/aktuelles/cisg_application.pdf>, [15.06.2014]; Liu Ch., Remedies for Non-perfor-
mance: Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles & PECL, 2003, 1, <http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu-
/remedies_for_non_performance_perspectives_from_cisg_upicc_and_pecl.chengwei_liu/1.2.html#97>,
[05.03.2014]. ix. aseve, venis konvenciis preambula: United Nations Convention on Contracts for
the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 1980, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law,
United Nations, (United Nationas Publication – Sales No. E. 10. V.14), New York, November, 2010, 1.
55
ix.: Liu Ch., Remedies for Non-performance: Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles & PECL,
2003, 100,
<http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/remedies_for_non_performance_perspectives_from_cisg_upicc_and_pecl.chen-
gwei_liu/1.2.html#97>, [10.05.2014]; Southerington T., Impossibility of Performance and Other Excuses in
International Trade, Publication of the Faculty of Law of the University of Turku, Private Law Publication
Series B:55, Turku, 2001, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/southerington.html>, [10.05.2014];
23
principebi miCneulia mniSvnelovan wingadadgmul nabijad samarTleb-
rivi Segnebisa da azrovnebis globalizaciis TvalsazrisiT,56 rom-
liTac mecnierebi Seecadnen SeeTavsebinaT saerTo da kontinenturi
savaWro samarTlis fuZemdebluri elementebi da SeemuSavebinaT saer-
TaSoriso komerciuli xelSekrulebebis mimarT moqmedi principebisa
da normebis unificirebuli sistema,57 miuxedavad monawile mxareebis
samarTlebrivi, politikuri Tu ekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebisa.58
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi, evropuli principebi da
DCFR ganekuTvnebian ,,rbili samarTlis~ arasakanonmdeblo kodifika-
ciebs da, vinaidan Camoyalibdnen politikuri sferosa da gavlenis
miRma, ar gamoxataven saxelmwifoTa nebas.59
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi SemuSavebul iqna umTav-
resi samarTlebrivi sistemebis warmomadgeneli samarTlis eqsperte-
bis mier, romlebic ar gamoxataven saxelmwifoTa interesebs da moq-
medebdnen profesiuli kompetenciis farglebSi.60 sakanonmdeblo xe-
lisuflebisgan gansxvavebiT, ,,rbili samarTlis~ SemmuSavebeli jgu-
febis moqmedebisa da arCevanis meti Tavisuflebis gamo, xsenebuli
samarTali gacilebiT moqnili da adaptirebadia saerTaSoriso savaW-
ro praqtikis cvalebad moTxovnebTan.61 xolo saxelSekrulebo samar-
Tali samarTlebriv sivrceSi gansakuTrebiT cvalebadia imisTvis,
rom daemorCilos kodifikaciebis mboWav Zalas.62 miuxedavad imisa,
rom unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi ,,rbili samarTlis“ kodi-
fikaciebs ganekuTvneba, is ganixileba, rogorc mniSvnelovani svla
Nottage L., Changing Contract Lenses: Unexpected Supervening Events in English, New Zealand, U.S.,
Japanese and International Sales Law and Practice, 2008, 403, <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1105240>,
[10.05.2014].
56 maTiaSvili z., UNIDROIT- saerTaSoriso komerciul xelSekrulebaTa principebi,
Jurn. ,,saerTaSoriso samarTali~, #14, dekemberi, 2000, 6.
57 Fucci R.F., Hardship and Changed Circumstances as Grounds for Adjustment or Non-Performance of
Contracts, Practical Considerations in International Infrastructure Investment and Finance, Thelen Reid &
Priest LLP, American Bar Association Section of International Law, 2006,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/fucci.html>, [10.05.2014].
58
Slater S.D., Overcome by Hardship: The Inapplicability of the UNIDROIT Principles' Hardship Provisions
to CISG, Fla. J. Int'l L., Vol. 12, 1998, 238,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/slater.html>, [10.05.2014].
59
Jansen N., The Making of Legal Authority, Non-legislative Codifications in Historical and Comparative
Perspective, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010, 7; Carlsen A., Can the Hardship Provisions in the
UNIDROIT Principles be Applied when the CISG is the Governing Law? Copenhagen, Denmark, Pace Essay
Submission, 1998, <www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/carlsen.html#fn7>, [10.05.2014].
60
Carlsen A., Can the Hardship Provisions in the UNIDROIT Principles be Applied when the CISG is the
Governing Law? Copenhagen, Denmark, Pace Essay Submission, 1998,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/carlsen.html#fn7>, [10.05.2014].
61 Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 3.
62 Farnsworth E.A., Closing Remarks, Am. J.Comp.L., Vol. 40, 1992, 699.
24
iuridiuli azrovnebis globalizaciisken63 da mniSvnelovan rols
asrulebs msoflio saxelSekrulebo samarTlis ganviTarebaSi.64
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi amave aqtis preambulaSi
dasaxelebulia, rogorc unificirebuli samarTlis saerTaSoriso
instrumentebis ganmartebisa da interpretirebis wyaro. aRniSnuls
adasturebs venis konvenciis me-7(2) muxlis Sinaarsi: konvenciiT pir-
dapir mouwesrigebeli sakiTxebi, romlebsac konvencia Seexeba, magram
ar axdens maT zust reglamentacias, unda daregulirdes im zogadi
principebiT, romlebsac aRniSnuli konvencia efuZneba an, maTi arar-
sebobis SemTxvevaSi, saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTliT gansazRvruli
gamosayenebeli samarTlis ZaliT.
iuridiul doqtrinaSi unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi
miiCneva uzogades principebad venis konvenciis ganmartebis Tvalsaz-
risiT.65 aRniSnulis umTavres mizezad miCneulia unidruas saxelSek-
rulebo principebis Sesabamisoba rogorc venis konvenciis Sesabamis
debulebebTan, ise venis konvenciidan nawarmoeb uzogades principeb-
Tan. venis konvencia ganamtkicebs samarTlebriv debulebebs, romle-
bic aris sxvadasxva samarTlis sistemis Sedarebisa da maT Soris
miRweuli politikurad mxardaWerili kompromisebis Sedegi. Sesabami-
sad, venis konvencia misi debulebebis ganzogadebis gziT, qmnis zoga-
di saxelSekrulebo samarTlis safuZvels. unidruas saxel-
Sekrulebo principebi marTalia, pirdapir venis konvenciidan ar aris
nawarmoebi, magram isini SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes konvenciis gan-
martebisa da xarvezis SevsebisaTvis.66 aseve erovnuli sasamarTloebi
da saarbitraJo tribunalebi unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebs
venis konvenciisa da sxva saerTaSoriso unificirebuli samarTlis
institutebis ganmartebisa da Sevsebis wyarod ganixilaven.67
63
Perillo J.M., UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts: The Black Letter Text and a
Review, Fordham L. Rev., Vol. 43, 281, 1994, 282, <http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol63/iss2/1/>,
[10.05.2014].
64
Bonell M.J., The CISG, European Contract Law and the Development of a World Contract Law, Am. J.
Comp. L., Vol. 56, 2008, 18, <http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/bonell4.html#93>, [10.05.2014].
65 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix.: Bonell M.J., The UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts and CISG – Alternatives or Complementary Instruments? Unif. L. Rev., Vol. 36, 1996,
26-39, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/ulr96.html#n31>,[20.07.2014];
Bonell M.J., An International Restatement of Contract Law: The UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts, 3rd ed., Ardsley, New York, 2005, 317, 320, 232; Garro A., Gap-Filling Role of the
UNIDROIT Principles in International Sales Law: Some Comments on the Interplay between the Principles
and the CISG, Tul. L. Rev., Vol. 69, 1995, 1149, <www.heinonline.org/HOL/PDF?handle=hein.journals/tulr-
69&collection=journals&section=39&id=1165&print=section&sectioncount=1&ext=.pdf>, [10.05.2014].
66 Magnus U., The General Principles of UN-Sales Law, published in English at 3 International Trade and
Business Law Annual, Australia, Int'l. Trade & Bus. L. Ann., Vol. 3, 1997, 33-56. miTiTebulia wignSi:
Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-
67 Bonell M.J., The Unidroit Principles and Transnational Law, Unif. L. Rev., Vol. 5, 2000, 199-218,
<http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/PDF?handle=hein.journals/droit2000&collection=journals&section=0&id=
25
DCFR-is miRebamde, saxelSekrulebo samarTlis akademiuri Ri-
rebulebis mqone Tanamedrove principebad umTavresad unidruas
saxelSekrulebo principebi da evropuli principebi miiCneoda,68 ro-
gorc modeluri koncefciebi nacionaluri da saerTaSoriso samar-
Tlis kanonmdeblebisaTvis.69
evropuli kerZo samarTlis mecnieruli analizisa da kvlevi-
saTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania DCFR-is Seswavla, romelic ki-
dev ufro akademiuri xasiaTis samarTlebriv instrumentad aris aRi-
arebuli iuridiul doqtrinaSi70 da mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens ev-
ropuli saxelSekrulebo samarTlis ganviTarebaze.71
DCFR-is wesebi efuZneba evropul principebs da es ori samar-
Tlebrivi aqti mniSvnelovnad fesvgadgmulia venis konvenciaSi. aR-
niSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom xsenebuli sa-
marTlebrivi instrumentebi asaxaven me-20 saukunis komparativistuli
iuridiuli mecnierebis arss.72
amrigad, zemoxsenebuli unificirebuli aqtebis kvleva mniSvne-
lovania, rogorc erovnuli kanonmdeblobis ganmartebisa da srul-
yofis erT-erTi umTavresi saSualeba.73
205&print=1&sectioncount=1&ext=.pdf>, [15.07.2014]; Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under

General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law
International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 42.
68
Hondius E., European Private Law – Survey, ERPL, Issue 6, 2002-2004, 863,
<http://www.kluwerlawonline.com>, [10.05.2014].
69
Kronke H., The UN Sales Convention, the UNIDROIT Contract Principles and the Way Beyond, J.L. &
Com., Vol. 25:451, 2005-06, 452, <http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/CISG25/Kronke.pdf>, [10.05.2014].
70
Bar Ch., Clive E., Schulte-Nölke H., Beale H., Herre J., Huet J., Storme M., Swann S., Varul P., Vaneziano
Sellier, European Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 7-8.
71 Hesselink M. W., CFR & Social Justice: A Short Study for the European Parliament on the Values
Underlying the Draft Common Frame of Reference for European Private Law - What Roles for Fairness and
Social Justice?, Centre for the Study of European Contract Law Working Paper Series No. 2008/08, Munich:
Sellier, 2008, 1, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1270575>, [10.05.2014].
72 Ackermann Th., Beyond Expectation? An Essessment of the DCFR Rules on Contractual Damages,
statiaTa krebulSi: Wagner G.(ed.), The Common Frame of Reference: A View from Law And Econo-
mics, Sellier – European Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 36.
73
Bonell M.J., The UNIDROIT Principles 2010: An International Restatement of Contract Law, Symposim
on the 2010 UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts: Towards a “Global” Contract
Law, October 28, 2011, 14,
<http://www.law.georgetown.edu/cle/materials/UNIDROIT/2011.pdf>, [10.05.2014]; UNIDROIT Principles
– The New Edition of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts Adopted by the
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, 2004, 13,
<http://www.unidroit.org/english/publications/review/articles/2004-1-bonell.pdf>, [20.07.2014]. ix. aseve,
Dessemontet F., Use of the UNIDROIT Principles to Interpret and Supplement Domestic Law, 2002,
<http://www.unil.ch/webdav/site/cedidac/shared/Articles/Supplement%20Bull.%20CCI.pdf>, [10.05.2014].
26
2. kontinenturi da angloamerikuli samarTlis kvlevis mniSvneloba
2.1. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi germaniis samoqalaqo

sjuldebisa da civilisturi mecnierebis kvaldakval
,,nebismieri samarTlebrivi sistema angariSs uwevs Secvlil gare-

moebebs valdebulebis Semdgomi Sesrulebis sakiTxis gadaWrisas~.74 Ti-
Toeuli samarTlebrivi sivrce sakiTxis ama Tu im modifikaciebiT mo-
wesrigebisas75 xSirad konceftualurad gansxvavebul midgomas avlens.
am mxriv gamorCeuli da saintereso regulirebiT xasiaTdeba germanu-
li samarTali, romelmac zegavlena moaxdina aseve, saerTo samarTlis
institutebis formirebaze.76
germanuli samarTlis mimarT kvlevis interesi aseve ganpirobebu-
lia im faqtiT, rom germanuli doqtrina, XIX saukunidan mokidebuli
dReis CaTvliT, imdenad srulyofili aRmoCnda, rom igi Teoriuli wya-
ro gaxda ara marto Tavad germanuli kanonmdeblobisaTvis, aramed
sxva xalxebisaTvisac da maT Soris qarTvelebisaTvis. am doqtrinisaT-
vis damaxasiaTebeli abstraqtuli azrovnebis stili kargad moergo
qarTul cnobierebas.77
amasTan, ssk pandeqturi samarTlis sistemas Seesatyviseba78 da
calkeuli samarTlis institutis mowesrigebisas ZiriTadad orienti-
rebulia germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsze79 (SemdgomSi – gsk80).
1997 wlis 26 ivniss germanuli samarTlis moziare, damoukidebe-
li saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis miReba iyo mcdeloba evropu-
li samarTlebrivi sivrcisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli principebisa da Ri-
rebulebaTa sistemis amsaxveli samarTlebrivi bazis Seqmnisa, rome-
lic gaemijneboda sabWoTasamarTlebriv Sexedulebebs da Sesatyvisi
iqneboda Secvlili socialuri garemos pirobebSi aRmocenebuli sa-
moqalaqo brunvis moTxovnebisa. ,,kodeqsi unda yofiliyo is xidi,
74 Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawili,
Tb., 2001, 399.
76 Riesenfeld S., The Impact of German Legal Ideas and Institutions on Legal Thought and Institutions in the
United States in the Reception of Continental Ideas in the Common Law World, Reimann M. (ed.), 1993,
1820-1920, 89, 95-96 .
77surgulaZe iv., xelisufleba da samarTali, germanulidan Targmna da Sesavali
werili daurTo o. gamyreliZem, Tb., 2002, miTiTebulia: zoiZe b., qarTuli samoqala-
qo kodeqsis Seqmnis istoriidan, Jurn. `qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, 6/2003-1, 90.
78 Wanturia l., Sesavali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad nawilSi, Tb.,
2000, 82.
79 CaCava s., myidvelis meoradi uflebebis SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi analizi, Jurn.
`qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema, 2004, 35.
80 German Civil Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesministerium der Justiz, Juris GmbH, Saarbrücken,
2005.
27
romelsac saqarTvelo dasavleTis kulturul samyarosTan unda dae-
kavSirebina da romliTac ganviTarebuli samarTlebrivi kultura sa-
qarTveloSic unda Semosuliyo, rac mniSvnelovanwilad moxda kide-
vac~.81
axali samarTlebrivi institutebis formirebisas ssk daemyara
evropul kodifikaciebs, gansakuTrebiT ki gaiziara germaniis valde-
bulebiTi samarTlis fundamenturi reformis safuZvelze ganxorcie-
lebuli konceftualuri srulyofis Sedegebi.
zemoTqmulis dasturad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ,,principuli siax-
le saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsisa misi 398-e muxlia, romelic
exeba xelSekrulebis misadagebas Secvlili garemoebebisadmi. aseTi
norma rusul kodeqsSicaa da Tanamedrove evropul samarTalTan
harmonizaciis gavleniT Semovida postsabWour sivrceSi. am muxlis
SemotaniT erTgvarad dazustda xelSekrulebis savaldebulo xasia-
Ti. am muxlis mixedviT, xelSekruleba warmoCindeba rogorc cocxa-
li organizmi, romelic garemoebaTaA Sesabamisad SeiZleba saWiroeb-
des saxecvlilebas~.82
germaniaSi Secvlili garemoebebis analogi _ garigebis safuZ-
vlis rRvevis doqtrina sakanonmdeblo doneze mxolod 2002 wels
ganmtkicda. miuxedavad amisa, Secvlili garemoebebis mowesrigebisas
qarTuli samarTali gsk-is reformis Semdegdroindel regulirebas-
Tan mniSvnelovan saerTos avlens. ,,ramdenad paradoqsulic ar unda
iyos, isev germanul-qarTuli TanamSromlobis Sedegad, saqarTvelos
1997 wlis samoqalaqo kodeqsiT ufro adre iqna gaTvaliswinebuli
xsenebuli normebi~.83 aRniSnuli naTlad miuTiTebs, rom qarTveli
kanonmdebeli swrafad reagirebs samoqalaqo brunvis moTxovnebze,
xolo germaniaSi didi sifrTxiliT ekidebian sakanonmdeblo cvli-
lebebs. aseve ès gamowveulia imiT, rom germaniaSi aRniSnul refor-
maze muSaoba wlobiT mimdinareobda da qarTvel kanonmdebels saSua-
leba hqonda gascnoboda jer kidev SemuSavebis procesSi myof kanon-
proeqtebs... ase rom, qarTuli da germanuli samoqalaqo samarTlis
valdebulebiTi nawilic metwilad erTmaneTs Seesabameba.84 miuxeda-
vad aRniSnulisa, germanuli samarTlis gavleniT danergili qarTu-
li samarTlis araerTi koncefcia mniSvnelovnad scildeba germaniis
samoqalaqo sjuldebiT ganmtkicebul analog institutebs. aRniSnu-
81 Wanturia l., samoqalaqo samarTlis zogadi nawili, Tb., 2011, 19-20.

82zoiZe b., evropuli kerZo samarTlis recefcia saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos
mecnierebaTa akademiis TinaTin wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da samarTlis
instituti, kerZo samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2005, 288.
83 Wanturia l., Sesavali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad nawilSi, Tb., 1997,
117.
84 maCalaZe s., zianis anazRaureba valdebulebis darRvevisas (saqarTvelosa da
germaniis kanonmdeblobaTa analizi), Jurn. `qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~,
specialuri gamocema, 2004, 72.
28
lis fonze, mniSvnelovania erTdroulad msgavsi da konceftualuri
Tu sistemuri TvalsazrisiT, xSirad winaaRmdegobrivi regulirebis
urTierTkavSirSi gamokvleva.
2.2. angloamerikuli samarTlis gamocdileba _ absoluturi

pasuxismgeblobidan misi gamomricxavi garemoebebis aRiarebamde
angloamerikuli samarTlis kvlevis aucilebloba ganapiroba

am sistemis konceftualurad gansxvavebulma midgomam saxelSekrule-
bo pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis mimarT. Tavad xelSekrulebis koncef-
ciac saerTo samarTalSi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba germanuli da
franguli samarTlebrivi sistemebisgan.85
kontinenturi samarTlis sistema braleuli pasuxismgeblobis
principis mimdevaria,86 xolo angloamerikuli samarTali daemyara
mkacri pasuxismgeblobis princips,87 romlis safuZvelzec istoriu-
lad saerTo samarTali yvela saxelSekrulebo pirobas garantiis Za-
las aniWebda.
mkacri pasuxismgeblobis ZaliT, xelSekruleba gansazRvruli
samarTlebrivi Sedegis upirobo ganxorcielebis garantad da qmediT
samarTlebriv meqanizmad ganixileba. igi iTvaliswinebs valdebule-
bis mkacri sizustiT, xelSekrulebis Sesatyvis Sesrulebas. xelSe-
krulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegis miuRwevloba valdebulebis
darRvevas afuZnebs Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobiT.88 xelSekrulebis
yvela arsebiTi pirobis ganuxreli dacva mxareTa nagulisxmevi val-
debulebaa, romlis darRveva iwvevs samoqalaqosamarTlebriv pasu-
xismgeblobas.89
SemdgomSi mkacri pasuxismgeblobis principi angloamerikul
samarTalSi SeizRuda kontinenturi evropisaTvis niSandoblivi bra-
leuli pasuxismgeblobis wesiT. kontinenturi samarTlis msgavsad,
angloamerikuli samarTlis ZaliT, mxare SesaZlebelia ganTavisuf-
ldes pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu daamtkicebs, rom Seqmnil garemoeba-
Ta pirobebSi valdebulebis darRvevis Tavidan asacileblad mis mi-
85 Beale H., Hartkamp A. (eds.), Cases, Materials and Text on Contract Law, Oregon, Hart Publishing Oxford
and Portland, 2002, 1.
86 Schwenzer I., Hachem P., Kee Ch., Global Sales and Contract Law, Oxford University Press, New York,
2012, 650.
87 Scott R.E., In (Partial) Defense of Strict Liability in Contract, Columbia Law and Economics Working
Paper No. 341, Mich. L. Rev., Vol. 107, 2009,

<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1304239>, [23.04.2014].
88 Zweigert K., Kötz H., Introduction to Comparative Law, Volume II-The Institutions of Private Law,
2nd Revised ed., Translated from German by Weir T., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987, 187.
89 Reimann M., Zimmermann R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law, Farnsworth A., Compa-
rative Contract Law, Part III, United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2006, 922.
29
er yvela aucilebeli, gonivruli da kanonieri saSualeba iqna gamo-
yenebuli.90
etapobrivad ganxorcielda mkacri pasuxismgeblobis kombinire-
ba braleuli pasuxismgeblobis principTan da am gziT angloame-
rikuli samarTali dauaxlovda kontinenturi samarTlis iuridiuli
azrovnebis sistemas. dResdReobiT angloamerikuli samarTali, kon-
tinenturi samarTlis msgavsad, inarCunebs mkacri pasuxismgeblobis
reJims calkeuli saxis darRvevebis mimarT. magaliTad, msgavsad kon-
tinenturi samarTlisa, pasuxismgebloba kvlav mkacria fuladi, gva-
rovnuli da unaklo nivTis miwodebis valdebulebebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi.91
movalis pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba SeizRudos92 aseve, mxareTa
mier dadgenili forsmaJoruli daTqmebiT,93 romelic TiTqmis yvela
samarTlis sistemisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.94 am daTqmebiT kon-
trahentebi TviT xelSekrulebaSi uTiTeben im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb,
romelTa arseboba iwvevs maT ganTavisuflebas pasuxismgeblobisa-
gan.95 am SemTxvevaSi umniSvnelovanesia saxelSekrulebo pirobebiT
forsmaJoris samarTlebrivi Sedegebis detaluri gansazRvra mxareTa
mier.96
sagarantio pasuxismgebloba angloamerikul samarTalSi saxel-
Sekrulebo SeTanxmebiT ganmtkicebuli pasuxismgeblobis gamomricx-
veli garemoebebis garda, SeiZleba SeizRudos e.w. xelSekrulebis
amaoebis doqtriniT, romlis ganviTarebas dasabami daudo saqmem97
90 Reimann M., Zimmermann R.(eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law, Farnsworth A., Compa-
rative Contract Law, Part III, Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York,
2006, 922.
91 CitaSvili n., bralis mniSvneloba saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis gansazRv-
risaTvis, ,,samarTlis Jurnali~, #1, 2009, 159.
92 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 6
ivlisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010. aRniSnul saqmeSi mxareebma saxelSekrulebo
SeTanxmebiT gansazRvres, rom isini droebiT gaTavisufldebodnen pasuxismgeb-
lobisagan xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis Seusruleblobisas
forsmaJoruli garemoebebis moqmedebis periodSi, Tu isini gamowveuli iqneboda
gadaulaxavi, dauZleveli Zalis Sedegad.
94 DiMatteo L.A., The Law of International Contracting, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London,
Boston, 2000, 54.

95Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos
nawili, Tb., 2001, 374.
Boston, 2000, 54.

30
Taylor v. Caldwell.98 am saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT sasamarTlom
pirvelad aRiara Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba pasuxismgeblobisgan gan-
Tavisuflebis safuZvlad,99 riTac mniSvnelovnad Seicvala inglisu-
ri samarTlis midgoma Secvlili garemoebebis pirobebSi valdebule-
bis mkacri Sesrulebis mimarT.100 sasamarTlom dasaSvebad da xelSek-
rulebis nagulisxmev pirobad101 miiCnia mxareTa ganTavisufleba pasu-
xismgeblobisgan Tu xelSekrulebis darRvevamde valdebulebis Ses-
ruleba movalis bralisagan damoukideblad SeuZlebeli gaxada in-
dividualuri nivTis ganadgurebam.102
Tavdapirvelad doqtrina viwrod ganimarteboda da mxolod
Sesrulebis obieqturi SeuZleblobis pirobebSi gamoiyeneboda pasu-
xismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad.103 Tumca, Tayllor v. Cal-
dwell ar iyo absoluturi, fizikuri SeuZleblobis magaliTi, vinaidan
Sesruleba ganxorcielebadi iyo didi odenobis xarjebis gawevis
SemTxvevaSi.104 amrigad, Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba da ganuxorcieleb-
98 ix. (1863)3b & S826, 122 ER 309 (QB). aRniSnul saqmeSi mxareTa bralisagan damoukideb-
lad daiwva musikaluri darbazi, romelic koncertis organizebisTvis iyo gankuT-
vnili. sasamarTlom gaauqma xelSekrulebis moqmedeba da orive kontrahenti gaaTa-
visufla saxelSekrulebo valdebulebisagan. ix. Poole J., Casebook on Contract Law, 9th ed.,
Online Resource Centre, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008, 565; Farnsworth E.A., Farnsworth on
Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, 2004, 627-632; Perillo J., Hardship and Its Impact on Contractual
Obligations: A Comparative Analysis, Roma, 1996, 4,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo4.html>, [10.05.2014]; Southerington T., Impossibility of
Performance and Other Excuses in International Trade, Publication of the Faculty of Law of the University of
Turku, Private Law Publication Series B:55, Turku, 2001,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/southerington.html>, [10.05.2014]; Bridgeman C., Reconciling
Strict Liability with Corrective Justice in Contract Law, Fordham L. Rev., Vol. 75, 2007, 3035,
99
Goldberg V.P., Excuse Doctrine: The Eisenberg Uncertainty Principle, J. Legal Analysis, Vol.2, No.1,
2010, 366, <http://jla.oxfordjournals.org/content/2/1/359.full.pdf+html>, [20.07.2014]; Smythe D.J., Bounded
Rationality, the Doctrine of Impracticability, and the Governance of Relational Contracts, S. Cal. Interdisc.
L.J., Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003-2004, 228,
100 absoluturi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis magaliTi iyo saqme _ Paradine v. Jane,
English Rep. 897 [K.B.1647], romelSic gamtkicebuli iyo Secvlili garemoebis miuxeda-
vad valdebulebis mkacri dacvis principi. ix.: Chen-Wishart M., Contract Law, 2nd ed.,
Oxford University Press, 2008, 386; Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of
Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Pub-
lishing, Saarbrücken, 2010, 23.
101 Implied Terms.
102 ix.: Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 9th ed., Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1995, 779; Brunner Ch.,
Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in
International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 89.
103 Blum B.A., Chemerinsky E., Epstein R., Gilson R. F., Krier J.E., Neumann R.K., Syverud K.D., Warren E.,
Farndsworth E.A., Hazard G.S., Wolfman B.(eds.), Contracts, Examples and Explanations, 3rd ed., Aspen
Publishers, New York, 2004, 455.
104 aRniSnulis gamo aSS-m termini SeuZlebloba Secvala ganuxorcieleblobiT. ix.
Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 9th ed., Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1995, 793.
31
loba absoluturi pasuxismgeblobis principis gamonaklisad iqna
daSvebuli.105
droTa ganmavlobaSi doqtrinis moqmedeba gafarTovda:106 sasa-
marTloebi iyenebdnen mas ara mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac val-
debulebis Sesruleba xelSekrulebis sagnis ganadgurebiT SeuZlebe-
li xdeboda, aramed rodesac qarwyldeboda mxareTa mosalodneli
saxelSekrulebo interesi da xelSekrulebis mizani xdeboda amao.
miuxedavad imisa, rom valdebulebis Sesruleba obieqturad kvlav
ganxorcielebadi iyo,107 samarTlianoba moiTxovda Sesrulebis val-
debulebisagan ganTavisuflebas.108
amrigad, marTalia, angloamerikuli samarTali ar icnobs ter-
minebs ,,forsmaJori~ da ,,Sesrulebis garTuleba~109, magram Secvlili
garemoebebis problematikasTan mimarTebiT moqmedi ,,xelSekrulebis
miznis amaoebisa~110 da ,,komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis~111 doqtri-
nebis Seswavla kontinenturi samarTlis koncefciebTan urTierTkav-
SirSi, samarTlis sistemebis konceftualuri midgomebis warmoCenis
TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania.
105 Jacobs D.L., Legal Realism or Legal Fiction? Impracticability Under the Restatement (second) of
Contracts, New York, Com. L.J., Vol. 87, 1982, 289, <http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection-
=journals&handle=hein.journals/clla87&div=70&id=&page=>, [20.07.2014].
Farndsworth E.A., Hazard GS. , Wolfman B. (eds.),Contracts, Examples and Explanations, 3rd ed., Aspen
107 Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 9th ed., Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1995, 779.
Farndsworth E.A., Hazard GS., Wolfman B.(eds.), Contracts, Examples and Explanations, 3rd ed., Aspen
109
Perillo J., Hardship and its Impact on Contractual Obligations: A Comparative Analysis, Roma, 1996, 1,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo4.html>, [10.05.2014].
110
Frustration of Purpose.
111
Commercial Impracticability.
32
III. forsmaJoris da Sesrulebis garTulebis zogadi
saxelSekrulebo principebi
1. zogadi saxelSekrulebo principis mniSvneloba
nebismieri samarTlebrivi wesrigi axdens movalis pasuxismgeb-

lobis gamomricxvel safuZvelTa sistemis formirebas.112 Sesabamisad,
rogorc kontinentur aseve, angloamerikul samarTalSi sul ufro
metad eswrafvian valdebulebis Sesrulebis dabrkolebis cnebis uni-
ficirebas.113
zogadi saxelSekrulebo principebi, rogorc unificirebuli
da ganzogadebuli samarTlebrivi koncefciebi114 gamoiyeneba saerTa-
Soriso komerciul xelSekrulebaTa sayovelTaod, saerTaSoriso
doneze aRiarebuli principebis mniSvnelobiT. zogadi saxelSekrule-
bo principebi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis xarvezuli da Ria
normebis, aseve xelSekrulebis pirobebis ganmartebisa da Sevsebis
qmediT meqanizmad SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli. Sesabamisad, es sakiTxi
didi mniSvnelobis mqonea doqtrinuli da praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT.
TviT saxelSekrulebo principebis arsSi arsebuli xarvezebis Sevse-
ba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis interpretirebis gziT miiRweva.115
zemoTqmuli naTlad dasturdeba araerTi ucxouri sasamarTlo gada-
wyvetilebiT.116
112 Schwenzer I., Force Majeure and Hardship in International Sales Contracts, VUWLR, Vol. 39, 2008, 710,
<www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2008/39.pdf>, [24.06.2014].
113 SakiaSvili b., saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba, sadi-
sertacio naSromi iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapo-
veblad, Tb., 1997, 6.
116 magaliTad, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi saerTaSoriso savaWro pala-
tis (International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)) mier gamoyenebul iqna holandiuri samar-
Tlis ganmartebis saSualebad. ix. Award in ICC Case No. 8486. originali daculia
germanulad, J.D.I., 1998, 1047-1049. inglisuri Targmani ixileT: Y. B. Com. Arb. 1999, 162-
173, UNILEX, <http://www.trans-lex.org/create_pdf.php?docid=208486UNILEX>, [20.07.2014],
by Berger K.P., International Arbitral Practice and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial
Contracts, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 46, 1998, 140,
<www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/amcomp46&id=1&size=2&collection=journals&inde
x=journals/amcomp#150>, [06.07.2014]. kerZod: holandielma gamyidvelma Turq myidvelTan
gaaforma xelSekruleba Saqris mwarmoebeli danadgaris damzadebisa da damon-
taJebis Taobaze. gamosayenebel samarTlad xelSekrulebiT ganisazRvra holandiis
kanonmdebloba. xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg myidvelma SeTanxmebuli fasis
gadaxdaze uari ganacxada Saqris mwarmoebeli danadgaris mimarT bazarze
moTxovnis mkveTri Semcirebis safuZvliT. mas Semdeg, rac uSedegod dasrulda
mxareTa molaparakeba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekruelbis misadagebis
Taobaze, holandielma gamyidvelma uari Tqva xelSekrulebaze da moiTxova zianis
33
2. forsmaJoris, rogorc zogadi saxelSekrulebo principis, cneba
,,forsmaJori~ romanuli cnebidan _ vis major iRebs saTaves,117 ro-

melic ganmtkicebul iqna napoleonis kodeqsSi118 da cnobilia TiT-
qmis yvela didi samarTlebrivi tradiciis mqone qveynis sistemaSi.119
forsmaJori zogadi saxelSekrulebo principis saxiT pasuxismgeblo-
bis gamomricxveli safuZvlis saxiT moqmedebs miuxedavad imisa, aris
Tu ara igi xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli.120 aRniSnuli principi
uzrunvelyofs saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobisgan droebiT an
mudmiv, srul121 an nawilobriv ganTavisuflebas.122
forsmaJori, rogorc Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan ganTavisuf-
lebis safuZveli im dabrkolebisaTvis, romelic movalis kontroli-
sa da riskis sferos miRma warmoiSv
anazRaureba Turqi mxarisagan. aRniSnulis safuZvlad man miuTiTa Sesrulebis

garTulebis maregulirebeli norma (6:258) nsk-dan (NBW). amis sapirispirod,
rogorc holandiur samarTalze, ise unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebze
dayrdnobiT, sasamarTlom warmoaCina Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi
buneba, romelic misi gamoyenebis winapirobad moiazrebda Secvlili garemoebebiT
gamowveul saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis arsebiT rRvevas. palatam aseve miuTiTa
holandiel mosamarTleebs forsmaJorisa da Sesrulebis garTulebis SemTxvevebSi
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis gamoyenebis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb.
zogadi saxelSekrulebo principebis erovnuli samarTlis ganmartebis saSualebad
gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT ixileT aseve: Maskow D., Hardship and Force Majeure, Am. J.
Comp. L., Vol. 40, 1992, 657, 665, <http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/PDF?handle=hein.journals/amcomp-
40&collection=journals&section=36&id=667&print=section&sectioncount=1&ext=.pdf>, [10.02.2014];
Berger C. P., International Arbitral Practice and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial
Contracts, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 46, 1998, 129, 139-140, <www.heinonline.org/HOL/PDF?handle=hein.jour-
nals/amcomp46&collection=journals&section=11&id=139&print=section&sectioncount=1&ext=.pdf>,
[10.02.2014].
2004, 259.
119 Wright C., Force Majeure Clauses and the Insurability of Force Majeure Risks, The Construction Lawyer,
Vol. 23, 2003, 16, <http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/conlaw23&div=46&g_sent=1&co-

llection=journals>, [11.02.2014].
120 Anaconda-Iran, Inc. v. The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, et al., Award No. ITL 65-167-3 of
10.12.1986 at 41-43, 13 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 199, 211-12, Y.B. Com. Arb. 1988, 319; Mobil Oil Iran Inc. v.
Islamic Republic of Iran, Award No. 311-74/76/81/150-3 of 14.07.1987 at para.117.
121 pasuxismgeblobisgan sruli ganTavisufleba moqmedebs maSinac, rodesac fors-
maJoruli garemoeba mxolod xelSekrulebis nawilze axdens gavlenas, magram
aqarwylebs xelSekrulebis arss. ix. Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation,
Concept of Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert
Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2010, 63.
122 iqve.
34
a, aerTianebs da ganazogadebs sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi siste-
misTvis niSandobliv Taviseburebebs, ris safuZvelzec sakuTar cne-
baSi moiazrebs misTvis aucilebeli winapirobebis sistematizirebul
katalogs da, Sesabamisad, miiCneva saxelSekrulebo samarTlis uzo-
gades principad.123
3. forsmaJoris moqmedeba unificirebul kerZo samarTalSi
forsmaJoris samarTlebrivi arsi srulyofilad SeiZleba war-

moCindes unificirebuli aqtebis Seswavlis safuZvelze. aRniSnuli
sakiTxi arsebiTad erTgvarovnadaa mowesrigebuli venis konvenciis
79-e, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.1.7-e, evropuli principe-
bis 8:108-e da DCFR-is 3:104-e (1) muxlebiT.124
3.1.Uunidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi
forsmaJorisa da Sesrulebis garTulebis koncefciebi amave sa-

xelwodebiTaa warmodgenili unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis
7.1.7-e da 6.2.1-e-6.2.3-e muxlebSi.125 xsenebuli terminebis ganmtkiceba
iseT transnacionalur samarTlebriv instrumentSi, rogoricaa unid-
ruas saxelSekrulebo principebi, ganapiroba maT farTo gamoyenebam
saerTaSoriso biznes wreebsa da savaWro praqtikaSi, rac gamoixate-
boda saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebSi Sesabamisi daTqmebis ganmtkice-
biT.126 unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebSi pasuxismgeblobisgan
123 ix.: Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-
Semdgomi miTiTebebiT: Magnus U., Force Majeure and the CISG, In the International Sale of Goods
Revisited, edited by Sarcevic and Volken, The Hague, 2001, 8; Kessedjian C., Competing Approaches to
Force Majeure and Hardship, Int'l Rev. L. & Econ, Vol. 25, 2005, 430, <www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/-
kessedjian.html>, [10.02.2014]; Barry N., Force Majeure and Frustration, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 27, 1979,
231,<www.heinonline.org/HOL/PDF?handle=hein.journals/amcomp27&collection=journals&section=22&id-
=245&print=section&sectioncount=1&ext=.pdf>, [10.02.2014]. calkeuli avtori aviTarebs sawi-
naaRmdego pozicias mosazrebisa, rom venis konvenciis 79-e muxli angloamerikuli
da kontinenturi samarTlis `kompromisis~ Sedegia. sawinaaRmdego Sexedulebis
Tanaxmad, xsenebuli muxli mxolod zedapirul, moCvenebiT harmonias amyarebs am
or principulad gansxvavebul samarTlebriv sistemas Soris.
<http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2008/39.pdf>, [10.02.2014].
Semdgomi miTiTebebiT: Bonell M. J., An International Restatement of Contract Law: The Unidroit
Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 3 rd ed., Ardsley, New York, 2005, 148; Magnus U., Force
Majeure and the CISG, In The International Sale of Goods Revisited, Sarcevic, Volken (eds.), The Hague,
2001, 28-29.
126 ix. Official Comment 6.2.1, UPICC,
<www.unilex.info/dynasite.cfm?dssid=2377&dsmid=109294>, [10.02.2014].
35
ganTavisuflebis safuZvlebis aRniSnuli terminebiT asaxva ganpiro-
bebuli iyo erovnuli samarTlis sistemebSi damkvidrebuli Sesatyvi-
si institutebisgan maTi gamijvnis aucileblobiT.127 analogiurad
icavs venis konvenciac terminologiuri neitralurobis princips128
da gamoricxavs terminebs, romlebsac Sidasaxelmwifoebriv sistemeb-
Si damkvidrebuli mniSvneloba aqvT.129
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.1.7-e muxli moicavs sa-
erTosamarTlebrivi sistemisaTvis niSandoblivi ,,xelSekrulebis ama-
oebisa~130 (Frustration of Contract) da ,,komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis~131
(Commercial Impracticability), aseve, kontinentur samarTalSi gavrcele-
bul forsmaJorisa (Force Majeure) da Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis
(Unmöglichkeit) cnebebs, Tumca is ar aris erovnuli koncefciebis iden-
turi.132 forsmaJori farTod gavrcelda da ganviTarda saerTaSori-
so savaWro praqtikaSi da unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebSi
damkvidrda ara romelime qveynis nacionaluri kanonmdeblobiT gan-
mtkicebuli analogi koncefciebis identuri SinaarsiT, aramed SeiZi-
na maTgan sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi niSani.133
127 ix.: Official Comment No. 1 on Art. 7.1.7 UPICC, 2004 ed., <http://www.unilex.info/dynasite.cfm?dssid-
=2377&dsmid=13637&x=1>, [10.02.2014]; Doudko A.G., Summary of the Seminar on “Force Majeure and
Hardship” organized by the ICC, Unif. L. Rev., Vol.6, 2001, 100-114,
<http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/PDF?handle=hein.journals/droit2001&collection=journals&section=12&id
=104&print=section&sectioncount=1&ext=.pdf>, [10.02.2014], miTiTebulia wignSi: Brunner Ch.,
International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 4.
128 Andersen K.B., Uniform Application of the International Sales Law, Understanding Uniformity, the Global
Jurisconsultorium and Examination and Notification Provisions of the CISG, Kluwer Law International, The
Netherlands, 2007, 94.
129 iqve, 93.
130 xelSekrulebis amaoebis doqtrina pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZ-
vlad gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sesruleba SeuZlebeli, kanonsawinaaR-
mdego an im Sinaarsisgan arsobrivad gansxvavebuli xdeba, rac mxareebs hqondaT na-
gulisxmevi da gamiznuli xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze. aRniSnulTan dakavSire-
biT ixileT. McKendrick E., Contract Law, Oxford, Chapter 23, 2003. xsenebuli doqtrina
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad gamoyenebisas mkacrad da viwrod
ganimarteba, romelic angloamerikul samarTalSi arsebuli mkacri pasuxismgeblo-
bis principis gamoxatulebaa da emsaxureba mizans, ar misces mxareebs mboWavi
valdebulebisgan martivad TavdaRwevis saSualeba. ix. McKendrick E., The Creation of a
European Law of Contracts – The Role of Standard Form Contracts and Principles of Interpretation, Kluwer-
Deventer, 2004, 9-10.
131 Syquia E.P., The Revision and Adaptation of Contracts in Philippine Law – With a Comparative Look at
the Law of other Asean Countries, 1985, 91, wignSi: Horn N.(ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of
Contracts in International Trade and Finance, Deventer/The Netherlands, Kluwer Law and Taxation
Publishers, 1985.
132 Official Comment on Art. 7.1.7 UPICC, 2004,
<http://www.unilex.info/dynasite.cfm?dssid=2377&dsmid=13637>, [10.02.2014].
133 Draetta U., Force Majeure Clauses in International Trade Practice, Bus. L. J., Vol. 5, 1996, 547.
36
amrigad, miuxedavad samarTlebrivi sistemebis gansxvavebuli
midgomebisa, SesaZlebeli xdeba forsmaJoris cnebis ganzogadebuli
maxasiaTeblebis Camoyalibeba.134
3.2. evropuli principebi da venis konvencia
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.1.7-e muxli Tavisi Si-

naarsiT evropuli principebis 1:108-e muxliT ganmtkicebuli pasuxis-
mgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlis identuria. evropuli prin-
cipebis xsenebuli muxliT ganmtkicebuli forsmaJori Sesrulebis
arabraleuli SeuZleblobis koncefcias gulisxmobs.135
amrigad, evropuli principebi marTalia, ar amkvidrebs termins
,,forsmaJori~, Tumca 8:108-e muxli ganamtkicebs movalis kontrolis,
Sesabamisad, pasuxismgeblobis sferos miRma aRmocenebul Sesrule-
bis damabrkolebel garemoebas136 da adgens klasikuri forsmaJoris
gamoyenebis samarTlebriv winapirobebs.
venis konvenciis 79-e muxli iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobis ga-
moricxvis winapirobebs da misgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvelia umTav-
resad Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis _ forsmaJoris arse-
bobisas. iuridiuli mecnierebisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis mier, ve-
nis konvenciis xsenebuli norma pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisufle-
bis safuZvlad iqna aRiarebuli Sesrulebis ukiduresi garTulebis
pirobebSic.137
amrigad, pasuxismgeblobisa da misgan ganTavisuflebis koncef-
ciebis ganviTarebisa da unificirebis safuZvelze forsmaJori Camo-
yalibda zogad saxelSekrulebo principad, romelSic sinTezirebu-
lia yvela is arsebiTi niSani da winapiroba, rac samarTlebrivi sis-
temebis mier am koncefciisaTvis miCneul iqna ZiriTad maxasiaTeb-
lad. amiT aixsneba, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi mniSvnelovnad
134
Rimke J., Force Majeure and Hardship: Application in International Trade Practice with Specific Regard to
the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Pace Review of the
Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Kluwer, 1999-2000, 199,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/rimke.html#7>, [10.02.2014].
135 Southerington T., Impossibility of Performance and Other Excuses in International Trade, Publication of
the Faculty of Law of the University of Turku, Private Law Publication Series B:55, Turku, 2001,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/southerington.html>, [10.02.2014].
136
Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, part I and II, Kluwer Law International, The
Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 379. unidruasa 7.1.7-e da evropuli principebis 8:108-e
muxlebi awesrigebs mxolod iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac valdebulebis Sesruleba
SeuZlebeli xdeba xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg.
137 aRniSnul sakiTxze detalurad iqneba saubari Sesrulebis garTulebisadmi
miZRvnil TavSi.
37
uaxlovdebian erTmaneTs forsmaJoris safuZvliT pasuxismgeblobis-
gan ganTavisuflebis TvalsazrisiT.138
4. forsmaJori rogorc pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis

safuZveli da misi samarTlebrivi maxasiaTeblebi
venis konvencia ganamtkicebs mkacri pasuxismgeblobis princips,

romlis Tanaxmad, pirs miuxedavad misi braleulobisa, Seeracxeba mi-
si kontrolis sferoSi ganxorcielebuli qmedeba.139 Tumca, venis kon-
vencia ar iTvaliswinebs SeuzRudav pasuxismgeblobas, aramed adgens
mis gamomricxvel kriteriumebs.140 amrigad, unificirebuli samarTali
venis konvenciis saxiT ganamtkicebs mkacri pasuxismgeblobis prin-
cips, Tumca amavdroulad, Sesabamisi winapirobebis arsebobisas
cnobs pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvis SesaZleblobas.141
forsmaJoris samarTlebrivi bunebis analizidan gamomdinare,
SeiZleba gamoiyos misi ramdenime arsebiTi, klasikuri niSani. kerZod,
venis konvenciis 79-e muxlis142 Tanaxmad, mxares ar daekisreba pasu-
ximgebloba valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis, Tu is daamtkicebs,
rom valdebulebis Seusrulebloba gamoiwvia (a) misi kontrolis
138 Zweigert K., Kötz H., An Introduction to Comparative Law, 3rd ed., Translated from the German by Weir
T., Oxford, 1998, 510, 511-515.
139
Lindström N., Changed Circumstances and Hardship in the International Sale of Goods, NJCL, 2006/1, 2,
<http://www.njcl.fi/1_2006/commentary1.pdf>, [17.04.2014].
140 Lookofsky J., The 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,
Herbots J. (ed.), Blanpain R. (gen. ed.), International Encyclopedia of Laws - Contracts, Suppl. 29, 2000, 152,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lookofsky.html>, [20.07.2014].
2012, 650.
142
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 1980, United Nations
Commission on International Trade Law, United Nations’ Publication – Sales No. E. 10. V.14, United
Nations, New York, November, 2010, 24-25. 79-e (2) muxlis Targmani iTvaliswinebs: Tu
mxaris mier valdebulebis darRveva gamoiwvia mesame mxaris mier valdebulebis
Seusruleblobam, romelic man CarTo mTlianad xelSekrulebis an misi nawilis
Sesasruleblad, maSin aseTi mxare gaTavisufldeba pasuximgeblobisagan mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi Tu: a) misi pasuxismgebloba gamoiricxeba wina punqtis safuZvelze;
b) mesame piri, romelic man CarTo, aseve gaTavisufldeboda pasuximgeblobisagan
wina punqtis debulebebis mis mimarT amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi. 3) winamdebare mux-
liT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgeblobisgan gaTavisufleba vrceldeba dabrko-
lebis arsebobis periodze. 4) valdebulebis damrRvevi mxare valdebulia meore
mxares Seatyobinos dabrkolebis, misi Sedegebis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba
moaxdinos dabrkolebam mis mier valdebulebis Sesrulebis SesaZleblobaze. Tu
mxare ar miiRebs Setyobinebas gonivrul vadaSi mas Semdeg, rac damrRvevma mxarem
icoda an unda scodnoda aseTi dabrkolebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, maSin man unda
aanazRauros Setyobinebis ganuxorcieleblobiT meore mxarisaTvis gamowveuli
nebismieri ziani. 5) winamdebare muxli ar arTmevs mxareebs uflebas moiTxovon
konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli nebismieri meoradi uflebis ganxorcieleba, garda
zianis anazRaurebisa.
38
sferos miRma arsebulma movlenam,143 (b) Tu mxares ar hqonda xelSek-
rulebis dadebis etapze am movlenis warmoSobis gonivrulad gaTva-
liswinebis144 (g) aseve, dabrkolebis an misi Sedegebis Tavidan acile-
bis an maTi daZlevis SesaZlebloba.145 amasTan, dabrkoleba unda iyos
Seusruleblobis gamomwvevi mizezi.146
mniSvnelovania, rom zemoxsenebuli winapirobebi venis konvenci-
iT ganmtkicebuli pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis centralu-
143 Flechtner M.H., Issues Relating to Exemption (“Force Majeure”) Under Article 79 of the United Nations
Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (“CISG”), Legal Studies Research Paper Series,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 2008, 7,
<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1118124>, [22.04.2014]; Honnold J.O., Flechtner H. M.
(ed.), Uniform Law for International Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention, 4 th ed., Wolters
Kluwer Law and Business, Austin, Boston, Chicago, New York, The Nertherlands, 2009, 613; Trakman L.E.,
Declaring Force Majeure: Veracity or Sham? Un. of New South Wales, 2007, 15,
<http://works.bepress.com/leon_trakman/4>, [22.07.2014].
144
venis konvenciis 79-e muxli vrceldeba mxolod xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom
aRmocenebul dabrkolebaze. vinaidan Sesrulebis sawyisi SeuZlebloba xelSekru-
lebis namdvilobaze axdens gavlenas da aRniSnuli sakiTxi konvenciis me-4 muxlis
Tanaxmad, misi regulirebis sferodan gamoiricxeba, amdenad, 79-e muxli ar moicavs
Sesrulebis sawyisi SeuZleblobis mowesrigebas. ix. Flechtner H., Issues Relating to
Exemption (“Force Majeure”) Under Article 79 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods (CISG), Uniform Law for International Sales under the 1980 United Nations
Convention, Honnold J., 4th ed., The Hague: Kluwer Law International, Forthcoming, University of
Pittsburgh - School of Law, 2008, 10-13, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1118124##>,
[17.04.2014]; Lee W., Exemptions of Contract Liability Under the 1980 United Nations Convention, Dick. J.
Int'l. L., 1990, 386, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lee.html>, [17.04.2014].
msgavsad, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.1.7-e da evropuli principebis
8:108-e muxlebi awesrigebs xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom aRmocenebul Sesrule-
bis SeuZleblobas. ix. Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, part I and II, Kluwer
Law International, The Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 379. Sead. Schwenzer I., Force Majeure and Hardship
in International Sales Contracts, VUWLR, Vol. 39, 2008, 718,
145
Basedow J., Towards a Universal Doctrine of Breach of Contract: The Impact of the CISG, Int'l Rev. L. &
Econ., Vol. 25, 2005, 497, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/basedow.html>, [17.04.2014];
Lindström N., Changed Circumstances and Hardship in the International Sale of Goods, NJCL, 2006/1, 8-10,
<http://www.njcl.fi/1_2006/commentary1.pdf>, [17.04.2014]; Lee W., Exemptions of Contract Liability
Under the 1980 United Nations Convention, Dick. J. Int'l. L., 1990, 388-391,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lee.html>, [17.04.2014]; Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hard-
ship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer
Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 107; Nottage L., Changing Contract Lenses: Unexpected
Supervening Events in English, New Zealand, U.S., Japanese, and International Sales Law and Practice, 2008,
403, <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1105240>, [17.04.2014]; Pizer L.K., Smith M.R. (eds in Chief), Southerington
T., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 2002-2003, Kluwer
Law International, The Hague, London, New York, 2004, 285; forsmaJoris aRniSnul winapiro-
bebs ganamtkicebs aseve saerTaSoriso savaWro palatac: ix. ICC Publication Num. 421,
“Force Majeure and Hardship”, 1985, miTiTebulia: DiMatteo L.A., The Law of International Contracting,
Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 2000, 57.
146 Schlechtriem P., Schwenzer I., Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods
(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1067; King V.K., Hardship as an Impediment to Performance
in Terms of Article of the CISG, North-West University, November, 2010, 8.
39
ri, fundamenturi mniSvnelobis safuZvlebia.147 aRniSnul normas or-
mxrivi moqmedeba aqvs da miemarTeba saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis
orive monawiles: gamyidvelsa da myidvels.148 mniSvnelovania, rom
xsenebuli winapirobebis149 arseboba yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi
gonivruli gansjis safuZvelze unda Sefasdes. am SemTxvevaSic sa-
xelmZRvaneloa ,,gonieri, windaxeduli piris~150 kriteriumi.151
5. forsmaJoris moqmedebis farglebi
forsmaJoris gamoyenebis safuZvelia saxelSekrulebo valdebu-

lebis darRveva miuxedavad imisa, igi nawilobrivia Tu sruli, droe-
biTi Tu mudmivi, sawyisi Tu Semdgomi, aisaxeba Tu ara Seusruleb-
loba mesame pirTa uflebriv an qonebriv mdgomareobaze.152
MTu xelSekrulebiT movales mxolod SesrulebisaTvis auci-
lebeli da gonivruli zomebis miRebis movaleoba (obligation de moyens)
akisria da ara gansazRvruli Sedegis miRwevisa (obligation de résultat),153
maSin xelSekrulebis darRveva gamoixateba valdebulebis Sesrule-
bisaTvis aucilebeli RonisZiebebis ganuxorcieleblobiT, ,,saTanado
meTodebis gamouyeneblobiTa da qcevis gansazRvruli standartis~154
daucvelobiT, vinaidan xelSekruleba mxolod aucilebeli da goniv-
147 Flechtner H., Article 79 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of
Goods (CISG) as Rorschach Test: The Homeward Trend and Exemption for Delivering Non-Conforming
Goods, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 19, 2007/1, 30, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flechtner7.html>,
[25.05.2014].
148 Kessedjian C., Competing Approaches to Force Majeure and Hardship, Int'l Rev. L. & Econ., Vol. 25,
2005, 417, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/kessedjian.html>, [25.05.2014].

149
winapirobebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix. Backhaus R., The Limits of the Duty to Perform in the
Principles of European Contract Law, EJCL, Vol. 8.1, 2004, <www.ejcl.org>, [25.05.2014]; Flechtner M.H.,
Issues Relating to Exemption (“Force Majeure”) Under Article 79 of the United Nations Convention on
Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (“CISG”), Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, 2008, 7, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1118124>, [25.05.2014]; Wright
C., Force Majeure Clauses and the Insurability of Force Majeure Risks, The Construction Lawyer, Vol. 23,
2003, 16-20,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/conlaw23&div=46&g_sent=1&collection=journals>,
[25.05.2014].
150 the bon père de famille.
151 Talon D., Section IV, Exemptions, Commentary on the International Sales Law, The 1980 Vienna Sales
Convention, Art.79, Bianca M., Bonell M.J., Giuffrè-Milan, Milan, 1987, 580-581.
152 Brunner Ch, Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 111; Magnus
U., Force Majeure and the CISG, In The International Sale of Goods Revisited, Edited by Sarcevic and
Volken, The Hague, 2001, 14.
153 Reimann M., Zimmermann R., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law, Oxford University Press, USA,
2008, 923.
154 Schmidt-Kessel M. (Osnabrück), Remedies for Breach of Contract in European Private Law - Principles of
European Contract Law, Acquis Communautaire and Common und Frame of Reference, in Schulze R.(ed.),
New Features in Contract Law, Sellier, European Law Publishers, München, 2007, 185, 192.
40
ruli windaxedulebis gamoCenas avaldebulebs mxares. Sedegis, ro-
gorc xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznis, miuRwevloba mova-
les valdebulebis darRvevad ar Seeracxeba da Sesabamisad, ar iar-
sebebs forsmaJoris gamoyenebis safuZveli.
Tu gvarovnuli niSniT gansazRvruli saqoneli daziandeba an
ganadgurdeba myidvelisaTvis misi Cabarebis Semdgom, maSin gamyid-
vels aRar daekisreba xelmeored Sesrulebis valdebuleba, miwode-
bis momentidan SemTxveviTi daRupvis riskis myidvelze gadanacvle-
bis (preisgefahr) gamo.155 myidvelis gankargulebis sferoSi gadasvlis
Semdgom saqonlis daRupva, romelic gamyidvelis qmedebiT ar aris
gamowveuli, ar qmnis forsmaJoris gamoyenebis safuZvels gamyidve-
lis mier valdebulebis darRvevis ararsebobis gamo. amdenad, myidve-
li ar ganTavisufldeba sanacvlo Sesrulebis _ fasis gadaxdis
valdebulebisgan, romelic misi riskis sferoSi swored valdebule-
bis Sesrulebis miRebis momentidan moiazreba.156
pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis mizniT, mxare ver daey-
rdnoba movalis mier valdebulebis Seusruleblobis faqts, Tu val-
debulebis darRveva misi, rogorc kreditoris, qmedebiTa Tu umoqme-
dobiT iqna gamowveuli. am SemTxvevaSi movalis pasuxismgeblobis ga-
moricxvis safuZvlad SesaZlebelia forsmaJoric iqnes gamoyenebuli,
rameTu valdebulebis Seusrulebloba movalis kontrolis sferos
miRma arsebulma dabrkolebam – kreditoris qmedebam ganapiroba.157
Tu valdebulebis darRvevaze srulad kreditoria pasuxismgebeli,
samarTlebrivi sistemebi upirobod gamoricxaven mis mier nebismieri
meoradi moTxovnis gamoyenebis uflebamosilebas.158
valdebulebis darRvevis erTiani cnebidan gamomdinare, forsma-
Jori, rogorc pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZveli, mie-
marTeba valdebulebis yvela saxis darRvevas. igi SeiZleba gamoyene-
bul iqnes xelSekrulebis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli yvela valdebu-
155 ix. venis konvenciis 66-e muxli.

156 Brunner Ch, Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-
157 mocemul SemTxvevaSi forsmaJorTan SedarebiT (saTanado winapirobebis
arsebobisas) movalis pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad upiratesad
gamosayenebelia saxelSekrulebo kontrahentis (kreditoris) mier gamowveuli
valdebulebis darRveva (exemption due to interference by the other party) (venis konvenciis 80-e
muxli), radgan forsmaJoris safuZvliT kreditors mxolod zianis anazRaurebisa
da Sesrulebis moTxovnis uflebebi ezRudeba, xolo meore safuZvlis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi ki, Sesrulebisa da zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebebTan erTad
gamoiricxeba xelSekrulebidan gasvlis, fasis Semcirebisa da vadamosuli
procentis moTxovnis uflebebic. ix. Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General
Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International
BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 115.
2012, 676.
41
lebis, maT Soris fuladi valdebulebisa da xelSekrulebidan gas-
vlis safuZvelze warmoSobili restituciis valdebulebis mimarT.159
forsmaJori ar gulisxmobs yovelgvari valdebulebis ga-
moricxvas mxareTa Soris. magaliTad, am SemTxvevaSi saxelSekrulebo
urTierTobis SewyvetisaTvis aucilebeli moqmedebebis ganxorciele-
bisa da garemoebaTa cvlilebiT warmoSobili damatebiTi xarjebis
gaRebis valdebuleba iwyebs amoqmedebas.160
praqtikaSi forsmaJori yvelaze iSviaTad nakliani Sesrulebis
mimarT gamoiyeneba, radgan gvarovnuli nivTis nakli, rogorc wesi,
yovelTvis mwarmoebeli gamyidvelis riskis sferoSi moiazreba161 da
is mkacrad aris pasuxismgebeli saqonlis nivTobrivi an uflebrivi
naklisaTvis.162
6. Sesrulebis garTulebis zogad saxelSekrulebo principad

aRiareba sasamarTlo praqtikis mier
valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis cnebaSi ganzogadebuli

saxiT gaerTianda erovnuli samarTlebrivi sistemebis mier ganmtki-
cebuli am koncefciis arsebiTi samarTlebrivi maxasiaTeblebi, ris
safuZvelzec es koncefcia zogad saxelSekrulebo principad163 iqca.
venis konvencia ar iTvaliswinebs Sesrulebis garTulebis mom-
wesrigebel damoukidebel normas. rogorc konvenciis teqsti, ise mi-
si SemuSavebis istoria arafers iuwyeba imis Sesaxeb, 79-e muxliT
ganmtkicebuli forsmaJori aerTianebs Tu ara Sesrulebis garTule-
bis koncefciasac.164 iuridiul doqtrinaSi arsebobs gansxvavebuli
159 Magnus U., Wiener UN-kaufrecht (CISG) Art. 79 CISG para.11, J. Von Staudingers Kommentar zum
Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch, 14th ed., Berlin, 2005. miTiTebulia wignSi: Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and
Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International Arbitration,
Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 76.
(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1075.

163 ix. Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-
Semdgomi miTiTebebiT: Magnus U., Force Majeure and the CISG, In The International Sale of Goods
Revisited, Edited by Sarcevic and Volken, The Hague, 2001, 8; Kessedjian C., Competing Approaches to
Force Majeure and Hardship, Int'l Rev. L. & Econ., Vol. 25, 2005, 430, <www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/
biblio/kessedjian.html>, [24.06.2014]; Barry N., Force Majeure and Frustration, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 27,
1979, 231,
<http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/PDF?handle=hein.journals/amcomp27&collection=journals&section=22&i
d=245&print=section&sectioncount=1&ext=.pdf>, [24.06.2014].
42
mosazrebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, xsenebuli norma mxolod forsma-
Joris gamoyenebis samarTlebriv winapirobebs165 ganamtkicebs, Tu igi
Sesrulebis garTulebis elementebsac moicavs. aRniSnul sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT mecnierebaSi dRemde erTiani poziciis Camoyalibeba ver
ganxorcielda.166
xsenebul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo praqtikac araer-
Tgvarovania. am TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania, bulgareTis savaWro
da industriuli palatis saarbitraJo tribunalis gadawyvetileba,167
romelic garTulebuli saxelSekrulebo valdebulebisgan ganTavi-
suflebis Temas Seexeba. saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Tanaxmad,
mxareTa Soris gaformda saqonlis nasyidobis xelSekruleba, romli-
Tac ganisazRvra saqonlis odenoba, Sesyidvis fasi da angariSswore-
bis forma. myidveli asabuTebda gamyidvelis mier valdebulebis dar-
Rvevis arsebobas Semdegi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT: xelSekrule-
bis dadebis Semdeg movalem Setyobinebis safuZvelze sTxova gamyid-
vels saqonlis miwodebis Sewyveta sabazro pirobebis gauaresebis mi-
zeziT. Sesabamisad, realizaciis problemebis gamo misTvis garTul-
da saqonlis Senaxva, gaizarda valutis kursi da mSeneblobis biz-
nesma ganicada krizisi. amis sapasuxod, gamyidveli asabuTebda, rom
Setyobineba araformalur xasiaTs atarebda da myidvels ar SeeZlo
Setyobinebis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebis warmodgena. aseve, mova-
les ar ganucxadebia mimwodeblisTvis, Tu ra periodiT unda ganxor-
cielebuliyo saqonlis miwodebis SeCereba, romeli mxare gaiRebda
saqonlis Senaxvisa da dacvis xarjebs da ra pirobebiT da rodis
ganxorcieldeboda saxelSekrulebo fasis gadaxda. amasTan, Setyobi-
nebis ganxorcielebis momentSi, ukve Sesrulebuli iyo saqonlis
mniSvnelovani nawilis miwodeba, romelic myidvelis gankargulebis
sferoSi moiazreboda 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi da xorcieldeboda misi
realizacia.
tribunalis dasabuTebiT, valdebulebis Sesrulebis dasaxele-
buli siZneleebi, sabazro pirobebis gauareseba da valutis gaufasu-
reba, romelzec movale amyarebda pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufle-
bis moTxovnas, nebismieri movalis komerciuli riskis sferoSi moi-
azreboda da dauSvebeli iyo misi srulad kreditorze gadakisreba.
amasTan, tribunalis mtkicebiT, aRniSnuli garTulebebi ar akmayofi-
165 Bund J.M., Force Majeure Clauses: Drafting Advice for the CISG Practitioner, J.L. & Com., Vol. 17,
1998, 385, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/bund.html#t9>, [25.05.2014].
166 erT-erT argumentad moyvanialia faqti, rom calkeuli qveynis samarTlebrivi
sistema ar cnobs Sesrulebis garTulebis doqtrinas, rogorc Secvlili garemo-
ebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis safuZvels. ix. Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and
Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International Arbitration,
Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 110.
167
Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry [BTTP (Bulgarska turgosko-promishlena palata)], Case
No. 11/96, 12 February 1998, ix. <http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/980212bu.html#cd>, [20.07.2014];
43
lebda venis konvenciis 79-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul winapirobebs
da ar afuZnebda Sesrulebis obieqtur SeuZleblobas.
amrigad, saarbitraJo tribunalma venis konvenciis 79-e muxli,
mxolod forsmaJoris, rogorc absoluturi Sesrulebis SeuZleblo-
bis, pirobebSi gamosayeneblad miiCnia.168 Tumca, is faqti, rom venis
konvencia calke muxlis saxiT ar ganamtkicebs Sesrulebis garTu-
lebis cnebas, magram arsobrivad misi momcvelia, ar gamoricxavs am
ukanasknelis zogad saxelSekrulebo principad aRiarebas.169
valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis Secvlili garemoebe-
bis pirobebSi pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad da
zogad saxelSekrulebo principad aRiarebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuT-
rebiT mniSvnelovania belgiis uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-
ba170, romlis saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Tanaxmad, mxareebma gaa-
formes foladis milebis nasyidobis xelSekruleba, ris Semdgomac
gauTvaliswineblad, 70%-iT gaizarda foladis sabazro Rirebuleba.
amasTan, xelSekruleba ar Seicavda fasebis daregulirebis meqanizms
Secvlili garemoebebis warmoSobis SemTxvevisaTvis. gamyidveli, ro-
melic warmodgenili iyo franguli kompaniis saxiT, moiTxovda sa-
xelSekrulebo fasis modificirebas, Tumca myidveli, holandiuri
kompaniis saxiT, ucvleli pirobebiT iTxovda SeTanxmebul Sesrule-
bas. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom valdebulebis Sesrulebis gar-
Tuleba ar miiCnia Secvlili garemoebebisadmi fasis misadagebis sa-
fuZvlad, im motiviT, rom aRniSnuli ar iyo venis konvenciis rome-
lime, maT Soris arc 79-e, muxliT moazrebuli.
saapelacio sasamarTlom Secvala aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba
da ganmarta, rom Sesrulebis garTulebis 79-e muxlis moqmedeba ar
Semoifargleboda mxolod forsmaJoruli garemoebiT da ar gamo-
ricxavda Sesrulebis garTulebis pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuf-
lebis safuZvlad aRiarebas. sasamarTlom gamosayenebel samarTlad
franguli kanonmdebloba aRiara (venis konvenciis me-7 (2) muxlis Za-
liT). kerZod, man xazi gausva franguli samoqalaqo kodeqsis
(SemdgomSi – fsk) 1134-e muxliT ganmtkicebul mxareTa valdebulebas,
awarmoon molaparakeba xelSekrulebis gadasinjvis mizniT, rodesac
ekonomikuri garemoebebis cvlileba valdebulebis Tavdapirveli pi-
robebiT Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi usamarTlo Sedegebs iwvevs. am de-
168 msgavs midgomas warmoaCens Semdegi gadawyvetilebebi: OLG Hamburg, 1 U 143/95 and
410 O 21/95, 04 July 1997, <http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/970704g1.html>, [20.07.2014]; Tribunal of
International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce and Industry,
155/1994, 16 March 1995.
170 Scafom International BV v. Lorraine Tubes S.A.S; Hof van Cassatie, 19 June 2009, N°C.07.0289.N,
<http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/wais/db/cases2/090619b1.html#ctoc>, [20.07.2014].
44
bulebis ZaliT, sasamarTlom myidvelis mxridan molaparakebebze ua-
ris gancxadeba keTilsindisierebis valdebulebis darRvevad miiCnia
da gamyidvelis sasargeblod daakisra zianis anazRaurebis valdebu-
leba.
saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba myidvelma belgiis
uzenaes sasamarTloSi gaasaCivra, romelmac ar gaiziara holandiuri
kompaniis argumentebi da mxari dauWira saapelacio sasamarTlos po-
zicias Tumca, gansxvavebul samarTlebriv safuZvlebze dayrdnobiT:
Secvlili garemoebebi, romlebic saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis ar-
sebiT rRvevas ganapirobebs, afuZnebs dabrkolebas venis konvenciis
79-e muxlis SinaarsiT. magram vinaidan venis konvencia Sesrulebis
garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sedegebis mowesrigebas ar axdens, aRniS-
nuli xarvezi me-7 (2) muxlis Tanaxmad, saerTaSoriso savaWro samar-
Tlis zogadi principebis safuZvelze unda Seivsos. Sesabamisad, sa-
samarTlom saerTaSoriso savaWro samarTlis niSansveti _ unidruas
saxelSekrulebo principebi gamoiyena, romlis 6.2.2-e muxli Sesrule-
bis garTulebas Secvlili garemoebebisadmi misadagebis winapirobad
aRiarebs darRveuli saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis aRdgenis miz-
nisaTvis.
sasamarTlos poziciiT, venis konvenciis 79-e muxliT ganmtki-
cebuli dabrkolebis koncefcia mniSvnelovnad farToa da moicavs
rogorc Sesrulebis absoluturi SeuZleblobis, aseve Sesrulebis
garTulebis SemTxvevebsac.
es iyo erT-erTi pirveli gadawyvetileba, romelmac sabazro
fasTa cvlilebebi xelSekrulebis adaptaciis safuZvlad miiCnia.171
zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze kidev erTxel myardeba
im mecnierTa azri, romlebic Sesrulebis garTulebas forsmaJorTan
erTad, venis konvenciiT ganmtkicebul samarTlis zogad principad
aRiareben.
amiragad, venis konvenciis 79-e muxli pasuxismgeblobisgan gan-
Tavisuflebis safuZvelia umTavresad Sesrulebis arabraleuli Se-
uZleblobis _ forsmaJoris arsebobis pirobebSi. Tumca,
TandaTanobiT aRniSnuli muxlis moqmedebis farglebi gafarTovda
da Sedegad, iuridiuli mecnierebisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis mier,
venis konvenciis xsenebuli norma pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuf-
lebis safuZvlad iqna aRiarebuli Sesrulebis ukiduresi garTule-
bis pirobebSic.172 dabrkolebaSi ar moiazreba mxolod iseTi
garemoebebi, romelic SeuZlebels xdis valdebulebis Sesrulebas,
aramed aseve movlenebi, romlebic valdebulebis Sesrulebas
movalisaTvis ukiduresad amZimebs.
171Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding Force of the Contracts, Comparative
172 aRniSnuli sakiTxi detalurad iqna ganxiluli Sesrulebis garTulebisadmi
miZRvnil TavSi.
45
7. Sesrulebis garTuleba rogorc zogadi saxelSekrulebo
principi unificirebul kerZo samarTalSi
Sesrulebis garTulebis arsi srulyofilad warmoCindeba uni-

ficirebuli samarTlis kvlevis safuZvelze.
7.1. unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi, evropuli principebi da

DCFR, venis konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT, iTvaliswineben Sesrulebis
garTulebis damoukidebeli muxlebiT regulirebas.173 Sesrulebis
garTulebis koncefcia moicavs angloamerikuli samarTlisaTvis ni-
Sandobliv ,,saxelSekrulebo miznis amaoebis~ an ,,ganuxorcieleblo-
bis doqtrinebs~,174 an orives erTad.175
1994 wels unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis miRebiT, pir-
velad saerTaSoriso komerciuli samarTlis normaTa ganviTarebis
istoriaSi, Sesrulebis garTulebis koncefciis moqmedeba aRiarebul
iqna saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebisgan damoukideblad. es iyo xelSek-
rulebis uzenaesobis principidan gamonaklisis aRiareba Secvlili
garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis adaptaciis saxiT.176 unidruas
saxelSekrulebo principebi Secvlili garemoebebiT gamowveul val-
debulebis Sesrulebis ukidures dabrkolebas Sesrulebis garTule-
bis terminiT ganamtkicebs 6.2.1-e-6.2.3-e muxlebSi da detalurad awe-
srigebs mis cnebasa da samarTlebriv Sedegebs. 6.2.1-e muxli upirve-
lesad ganamtkicebs xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis princips, romlis
Tanaxmad, mxarisaTvis saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba mboWavia misi
Sesrulebis garTulebis SemTxvevaSic; SeTanxmebis mxolod ekonomi-
kuri sargeblianobis dakargva ar SeiZleba gaxdes xelSekrulebaze
uaris safuZveli.177 xarjebis moulodneli zrda upirobod ar aTavi-
173 Garro M.A., Comparison between Provisions of the CISG Regarding Exemption of Liability for Damages
(Art. 79) and the Counterpart Provisions of the UNIDROIT Principles, Art. 7.1.7, 2005,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/principles/uni79.html>, [25.05.2014]; Schwenzer I., Force Majeure and
Hardship in International Sales Contracts, VUWLR, Vol. 39, 2008, 712,
<www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2008/39.pdf>, [25.05.2014].
174 Jenkins S. H., Exemption for Nonperformance: UCC, CISG, UNIDROIT Principles - A Comparative
Assessment, Tul. L. Rev., Vol.72, 1998, 2027, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/jenkins.html>,

[25.05.2014].
175 Bund J.M., Force majeure Clauses: Drafting Advice for the CISG Practitioner, J.L. & Com., Vol. 17, 1998,
386, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/bund.html#t9>, [25.05.2014].

177 Lando O., Vision of a Future World Contract Law: Impact of European and UNIDROIT Contract
Principles, Thomson/West, UCCLJ, Vol. 37, Issue 2, 2004, 39,

<www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lando3.html>, [25.05.2014]; Lando O., Salient Features of the Principles
of European Contract Law: A Comparison with the UCC, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 366,
46
suflebs movales xelSekrulebis mboWavi Zalisgan, saxeze unda iyos
arsebiTad mkveTri cvlileba. Sesabamisad, Sesrulebis garTuleba,
rogorc pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZveli, mxolod
sagamonakliso SemTxvevebSi, gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis arsebobi-
sas unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 6.2.2-e muxli aRiarebs
xelSekrulebis daurRvevlobis principidan gamonakliss valdebule-
bis Sesrulebis garTulebis ganmartebis saxiT: valdebulebis Sesru-
lebis garTulebas warmoSobs axladgamovlenili garemoebebis mier
saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis arsebiTi, mkveTri cvlileba, rac ga-
mowveulia erTi mxarisaTvis Sesrulebis Rirebulebis gazrdis an me-
ore mxaris mier miRebuli Sesrulebis Rirebulebis SemcirebiT.178
aRniSnuli gulisxmobs, rom dazaralebuli mxare SesaZlebelia iyos
rogorc myidveli, aseve gamyidveli.179 amasTan, saxeze unda iyos Sem-
degi samarTlebrivi winapirobebi180: (a) Secvlili garemoebebi unda
aRmocendes an mxarisaTvis gaxdes cnobili xelSekrulebis dadebis
Semdeg; (b) gonivrulad SeuZlebeli unda iyos Secvlili garemoebe-
bis xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze gaTvaliswineba; (g) garemoebebi
unda arsebobdes mxaris kontrolis sferos miRma181; (d) mxares ar un-
da hqondes nakisri valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riski.182
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 6.2.2-e muxlis komenta-
ris Tanaxmad, Sesrulebis Rirebulebis an fasis 50%-iT an metiT
gazrda/Semcireba iwvevs saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis arsebiT, fun-
damentur cvlilebas, rogorc Sesrulebis garTulebis dafuZnebis
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lando.html#3iiie>, [25.05.2014].
178 Gordley J., Impossibility and Changed and Unforeseen Circumstances, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 52, 2004,
524, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/gordley1.html>, [25.05.2014]; Jenkins S. H., Exemption for

Non-performance: UCC, CISG, UNIDROIT Principles - A Comparative Assessment, Tul. L. Rev., Vol. 72,
1998, 2028, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/jenkins.html>, [25.05.2014]; Slater S.D., Overcome
by Hardship: Inapplicability of the UNIDROIT Principles' Hardship Provisions to CISG, Fla. J. Int'l L.,
Vol.12, 1998, 240, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/slater.html>, [25.05.2014]; Pizer L.K., Smith
M.R. (eds. in Chief), Southerington T., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of
Goods (CISG) 2002-2003, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, New York, 2004, 262.
Contracts Practical Considerations in International Infrastructure Investment and Finance, American Bar
Association Section of International Law, 2006,
181 Draetta U., Lake R.B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation on International Contracts, An Introduction to
Lex Mercatoria, Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1992, 195.
182 aRniSnuli winapiroba aseve gulisxmobs mxaris arabraleulobas, misgan damouki-
debeli dabrkolebis warmoSobis mimarT. Fucci R.F., Hardship and Changed Circumstances as
Grounds for Adjustment or Non-Performance of Contracts, Practical Considerations in International
Infrastructure Investment and Finance, American Bar Association Section of International Law, 2006,
47
samarTlebriv winapirobas.183 amitomac, Sesrulebis garTulebis kon-
cefcia iuridiul doqtrinaSi ,,ekonomikuri forsmaJoris~ termini-
Tac aris moxseniebuli.184
7.2. evropuli principebi
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebisgan gansxvavebiT, evropu-

li principebi ,,Sesrulebis garTulebis~ nacvlad iTvaliswinebs
termins _ ,,Secvlili garemoebebi~.185 terminologiuri TvalsazrisiT,
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis midgoma SedarebiT zustia,
radgan Secvlili garemoebebis gavleniT SesaZlebelia dafuZndes
rogorc Sesrulebis garTuleba, aseve forsmaJoric.
evropuli principebis mixedviT, saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis
yovelgvari garTuleba ar qmnis pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufle-
bis safuZvels.186 kerZod, 6:111-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
1) saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba mxarisaTvis mboWavia valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebis garTulebis SemTxvevaSic, romelic gamowveulia
Sesrulebis xarjis gazrdiT an miRebuli Sesrulebis fasis Semcire-
biT;
2) Tu xelSekrulebis Sesruleba garemoebebis Secvlis gamo
ukiduresad mZimdeba, mxareebi valdebulni arian awarmoon molapara-
keba xelSekrulebis misadagebisa Tu Sewyvetis mizniT im pirobiT,
rom: a) garemoebaTa cvlileba aRmocenda xelSekrulebis dadebis
Semdeg; (b) garemoebebis cvlilebis SesaZlebloba gonivrulad ver
iqneboda gaTvaliswinebuli xelSekrulebis dadebis dros; (g) xel-
Sekrulebis safuZvelze garemoebebis cvlilebis riski ar ekisreba
dazaralebul mxares.
mniSvnelovania, rom Secvlili garemoebebis pirobebSi xelSek-
rulebis Sesruleba ekonomikurad damRupveli unda iyos mxarisaTvis.
Tumca, Sesrulebis ukiduresi damZimeba Sesrulebis SeuZleblobaze
dabali xarisxis187 dabrkolebas gulisxmobs, romelic ekonomikuri
183 Slater S.D., Overcome by Hardship: The Inapplicability of the UNIDROIT Principles' Hardship Provisions
to CISG, Fla. J. Int'l L., Vol. 12, 1998, 240,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/slater.html>, [25.05.2014];
184
Lookofsky J., Impediments and Hardship in International Sales: A Commentary on Catherine Kessedjian's
Competing Approaches to Force Majeure and Hardship, Int'l Rev. L. & Econ., Vol. 25, 2005, 438,
<www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lookofsky.html>, [25.05.2014].
185 Sead. evropuli principebis 6:111-e da unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis
6.2.2-e muxlebi.
186 Lando O., Vision of a Future World Contract Law: Impact of European and UNIDROIT Contract
Principles, Thomson/West, UCCLJ, Vol. 37, Issue 2, 2004, 40,

<www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lando3.html>, [25.02.2014];
187
Flechtner M.H., Issues Relating to Exemption (“Force Majeure”) Under Article 79 of the United Nations
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 2008, 8, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1118124>,
[25.05.2014].
48
TvalsazrisiT saxelSekrulebo balansis rRvevasa188 da movalisaT-
vis Sesrulebis xarjebis gaumarTlebel zrdas unda iwvevdes.189 ev-
ropuli principebi mimarTavs franguli samarTliT ganmtkicebul
,,gauTvaliswineblobis~ doqtrinas190 da 6:111-e muxlis safuZvlad
Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus (xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principi uc-
vlel garemoebaTa pirobebSi) princips asaxelebs.191 frangul samar-
TalSi SezRuduli saxiT moqmed ,,gauTvaliswineblobis~ doqtrinaze
miTiTeba 6:111-e muxlis xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principidan gamo-
naklisis saxiT gamoyenebas unda aRniSnavdes.192
saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis klasi-
kur SemTxvevebad aRiarebulia: fasebis aTmagi zrda xelSekrulebis
dadebis Semdgom ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Se-
degad, damatebiTi danadgarebiT qarxnebis aRWurvis valdebulebis
daweseba, romelic ukiduresad amZimebs Sesrulebas, erovnuli valu-
tis gaufasureba 80%-iT,193 Sesyiduli saqonlis realizaciis bazris
gauqmeba saxelmwifoSi.194
7.3. DCFR
naSromSi ganxilul samarTlebriv instrumentebTan SedarebiT

DCFR-is midgoma mniSvnelovnad SemzRudavia. kerZod, III-1:110-e muxliT
ganmtkicebulia Sesrulebis garTulebis kidev erTi damfuZnebeli
winapiroba, romelic saukeTesod gamoxatavs aRniSnuli koncefciis
188 Schwenzer I., Force Majeure and Hardship in International Sales Contracts, VUWLR, Vol. 39, 2008, 714-
715, <http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2008/39.pdf>, [25.05.2014].
189
Backhaus R., The Limits of the Duty to Perform in the Principles of European Contract Law, EJCL, Vol.
8.1, 2004, 9-10, <www.ejcl.org>, [25.05.2014].
190 Horn N., Changes in Cirsumstances and the Revision of Contracts in some European Laws and in
International Law, 1985, 18 wignSi: Horn N. (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in Inter-
National Trade and Finance, Deventer/The Netherlands, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1985.
191 Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, part I and II, Kluwer Law International, The
Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 325.

192 Secvlili garemoebebis doqtrina xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principidan gamo-
naklisis saxiT aris aRiarebuli unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis mixed-
viTac, ix. UNIDROIT Official Comment 6.2.1,
<http://www.unilex.info/dynasite.cfm?dssid=2377&dsmid=109294>, [25.05.2014].
193 mniSvnelovania, rom evropuli principebis 1994 wlis I gamocemiT saxelSekrule-
bo urTierTobis finansuri mdgomareobis 50%-iT cvlileba miCneul iqna saxelSek-
rulebo balansis fundamentur rRvevad, xolo 2004 wlis II gamocema ukve Tavs
ikavebs konkretuli procentruli odenobis zRvaris dasaxelebisgan, rac gulis-
xmobs, rom Sesrulebis garTulebis arseboba xelSekrulebis ganmartebis, konkre-
tuli SemTxvevis analizis safuZvelze unda gadawydes. Schwenzer I., Force Majeure and
Hardship in International Sales Contracts, VUWLR, Vol. 39, 2008, 716,
49
samarTlebriv bunebas. kerZod, Secvlili garemoebebis pirobebSi mo-
valisagan valdebulebis Sesrulebis moTxovna mniSvnelovnad usamar-
Tlo da aragonivruli unda iyos.195 amitomac Sesrulebis garTule-
bis koncefciac saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofas em-
saxureba.196 am TvalsazrisiT, DCFR naSromSi ganxiluli unificire-
buli samarTlebrivi instrumentebisgan gansxvavebul midgomas av-
lens. DCFR-is msgavsad, niderlandebis samoqalaqo kodeqsi (Semdgom-
Si _ nsk) iTvaliswinebs miTiTebas saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobis
kriteriumze. kerZod, 6:258-e muxlis197 Tanaxmad, erT-erTi mxaris
moTxovnis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia mTlianad an na-
wilobriv Sewyvitos xelSekruleba an Secvalos misi samarTlebrivi
Sedegebi, Tu Secvlili garemoebebis safuZvelze mxares gonivrulo-
bisa da samarTlianobis standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT ar SeiZleba
moeTxovos xelSekrulebis Seucvleli pirobebiT gagrZeleba. sasa-
marTlo uflebamosilia Secvalos an Sewyvitos xelSekruleba or-
mxrivi SedegebiT.
italiis samoqalaqo kodeqsis (SemdgomSi _ isk) 1467-e muxli
Sesrulebis garTulebis koncefciis umTavres maxasiaTeblad Sesru-
lebis ukidures damZimebas iTvaliswinebs, gsk-is 313-e paragrafi _
xelSekrulebis safuZvlad miCneuli garemoebebis arsebiT, fundamen-
tur cvlilebas.
DCFR-is oficialuri komentaris Tanaxmad, saxelSekrulebo ur-
TierTobis samarTlebrivi safuZveli Secvlili garemoebebis gavle-
niT Zireulad, arsebiTad unda iyos Secvlili da arsebobdes mkveT-
ri Seusabamoba mxareTa urTierTsanacvlo valdebulebebs Soris
samarTlianobis kriteriumis analizi, ra Tqma unda, Zalian
rTulia, radgan is srulad Tavisufali unda iyos erT-erTi mxaris
mimarT subieqturi damokidebulebisgan. aRniSnuli kriteriumis ana-
lizi TavisTavad gulisxmobs iseTi garemoebebis Sefasebas, romle-
bic gansaxilveli xelSekrulebis Sinaarss uSualod ar ukavSirdeba.
kerZod _ mxaris finansuri mdgomareoba da TviT mesame pirebTan na-
kisri saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebi. realurad Sesrulebis sir-
Tulis xarisxis gansazRvra yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi obieqturi
195 Bar Ch., Clive E., Schulte-Nölke H., Beale H., Herre J., Huet J., Storme M., Swann S., Varul P., Vaneziano
Sellier, European Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 737, <http://ec.europa.eu/justice/contract/files/-
european-private-law_en.pdf>, [20.07.2014].
196 iqve, 75.
197
ix. Dutch Civil Code, Book 6, The Law of Obligations, Art. 6:258,
<www.dutchcivillaw.com/legislation/dcctitle6655.html>, [25.05.2014].
50
garemoebebis kvlevas unda efuZnebodes,198 Sesrulebis Rirebulebis
zrdis sazomi obieqturi garemoebani unda iyos.199
saxelSekrulebo wonasworobisa da mxareTa urTierTsanacvlo
movaleobebis balansis SefasebisTvis urTierTkavSirSi unda iqnes
ganxiluli xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze nakisri da Secvlili ga-
remoebebis pirobebSi gardasaxuli mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebis mo-
culoba, Tanafardoba da Sinaarsi.
8. Sesrulebis garTulebis da forsmaJoris funqciuri gansxvaveba

xelSekrulebis samarTlebriv bedTan mimarTebiT
Sesrulebis garTulebis koncefcia forsmaJoris Semdegi samar-

Tlebrivi maxasiaTeblebiT emijneba: Sesrulebis garTuleba unda
iyos maRali xarisxis, magram kvlav obieqturad ganxorcielebadi.200
aseve, mniSvnelovania, rom forsmaJorisa da Sesrulebis garTulebis
koncefciebs funqciurad gansxvavebuli mizani aqvT: Sesrulebis gar-
Tuleba xelSekrulebis Sinaarsis adaptirebis safuZveli xdeba da
mxareTa miznad kvlav SeTanxmebis aRsruleba rCeba.201 xelSekruleba
avtomaturad ar wydeba, aramed SesaZlebelia moxdes misi modifici-
reba.202 amiT aixsneba is faqti, rom unidruas saxelSekrulebo prin-
198 Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding Force of the Contracts, Comparative
saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 25 noembris ganCineba saqmeze: #as-466-707-08.
200
Lando O., Salient Features of the Principles of European Contract Law: A Comparison with the UCC, Pace
Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 367, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lando.html#3iii>, [25.05.2014].
magaliTad, Sesrulebis garTulebas afuZnebs inflacia, Tu kompanias nakisri aqvs
wylis miwodebis valdebuleba xelSekrulebiT SeTanxmebul fiqsirebul fasad da
bazarze mniSvnelovnad icvleba xelSekrulebis sagnis fasi. ix. English Case
Staffordshire Area Health Authority v. South Staffordshire Waterworks Co [1978] 1 W.L.R. 1387. 1908
wels kompaniam ikisra ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi bunebrivi airis miwodebis
valdebuleba fiqsirebul fasad, magram I msoflio omis Semdgom qvanaxSiris
deficitma oTxjer gazarda bunebrivi airis Rirebuleba. Nicholas B., The French Law of
Contract, 2nd ed., OUP Oxford, 1992, 208, 209. Sesrulebis garTuleba warmoiSoba maSinac,
rodesac qveyanaSi faqtobrivad aRar arsebobs bazari Sesyiduli saqonlis reali-
zaciisTvis. ix. Lando O., A Vision of a Future World Contract Law: Impact of European and
UNIDROIT Contract Principles, Reproduced with the consent of West Services, Inc., UCCLJ, Vol. 37, Issue
2, 2004, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lando3.html#83>, [25.05.2014].
200 Rimke J., Force Majeure and Hardship: Application in International Trade Practice with Specific Regard to
the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Reproduced with Permission
of Pace Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Kluwer, 1999-2000, 200,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/rimke.html>, [25.05.2014].
201 iqve.
202 Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebisa da meoradi moTxovnis
uflebebis Sesaxeb ixileT: Schwenzer I., Force Majeure and Hardship in International Sales
Contracts, VUWLR, Vol. 39, 2008, 721-725, <http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2008-
/39.pdf>, [27.06.2014].
51
cipebi forsmaJoris regulirebas moicavs valdebulebis darRvevis
TavSi,203 xolo Sesrulebis garTuleba valdebulebis Sesrulebis na-
wilSia gaerTianebuli.204 msgavsad, Secvlili garemoebebis problema-
tika mowesrigebulia evropuli principebis me-6 TavSi, romelic xel-
Sekrulebis Sinaarssa da iuridiul Zalas Seexeba. mxareebma, rogorc
maTi SemTxvevis saukeTeso mosamarTleebma, unda awarmoon saxelSek-
rulebo molaparakeba keTilsindisierebis principis xelmZRvanelo-
biT. xolo Tu molaparakebas ar SeiZleba aRniSnuli mizani hqondes,
radgan mniSvnelovnad darRveulia ekonomikuri balansi,205 maSin Sewy-
viton xelSekruleba.206 forsmaJori ki valdebulebis darRvevis kon-
teqstSi ganixileba, romelic xelSekrulebis SeCerebis an Sewyvetis
safuZveli xdeba.207
Vol. 23, 2003, 19,
[27.07.2014].
204 Perillo J., Force Majeure and Hardship under the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial
Contracts, Contratación internacional. Comentarios a los Principios sobre los Contratos Comerciales
Internacionales del Unidroit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Universidad Panamericana, 1998,
120, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo3.html?>, [27.07.2014].
205
Flechtner M.H., Issues Relating to Exemption (“Force Majeure”) Under Article 79 of the United Nations
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 2008, 8, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1118124>,
[27.07.2014].
206 Lando O., Salient Features of the Principles of European Contract Law: A Comparison with the UCC,
Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 367, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lando.html#3iii>, [27.07.-

2014]. Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebriv Sedegebze ixileT: Perillo J., Force Majeure
and Hardship under the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Contratación
internacional. Comentarios a los Principios sobre los Contratos Comerciales Internacionales del Unidroit,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Universidad Panamericana, 1998, 130-132,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo3.html?>, [27.07.2014].
207 Rimke J., Force Majeure and Hardship: Application in International Trade Practice with Specific Regard to
the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Reproduced with Permission
of Pace Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Kluwer, 1999-2000, 201,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/rimke.html>, [27.07.2014].
52
IV. Sesrulebis garTulebisa da forsmaJoris analogi koncefciebi
ucxour samarTlebriv sistemebSi
1. Secvlili garemoebebis mniSvnelobis aRiareba samarTlis

istoriuli ganviTarebis kvaldakval
Secvlili saxelSekrulebo garemoebebis mniSvneloba aRiare-

bul iqna jer kidev kanonikuri samarTlis iuristebis mier, romle-
bic pirobis darRvevas, gauTvaliswinebeli Secvlili garemoebebis
warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi, ar miiCnevdnen marTlsawinaaRmdegod.208 Sec-
vlili garemoebebis doqtrina axsnil iqna aristoteles Tanasworuf-
lebianobis TeoriiT, romlis Tanaxmad, kanonis miRebis Semdeg SeiZ-
leboda aRmocenebuliyo garemoebebi, romelTa arsebobis pirobebSi
kanonmdebeli, Tanasworuflebianobis TvalsazrisiT, aragonivrulad
miiCnevda kanonis ganuxrel dacvas.209 Secvlili garemoebebis doq-
trinam asaxva hpova aseve, Toma akvinelis, sqolastikosebis, bunebiTi
samarTlis iuristebis SromebSic.
miuxedavad imisa, rom xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principi sa-
marTlebrivi stabilurobis SenarCunebis garantiaa, praqtikam daadas-
tura, rom mis SeuzRudav gamoyenebas xSir SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba sapi-
rispiro Sedegebi mohyves.210 Pacta Sunt Servanda marTalia, valdebulebi-
Ti samarTlis fuZemdeblur principad iTvleba, magram movalis iZu-
leba, yovelgvari Secvlili garemoebebis miuxedavad valdebulebis
Sesrulebaze, aragonivruli da fataluri iqneboda saerTaSoriso sa-
vaWro brunvisaTvis, xolo kontraqti, rogorc samarTlebrivi gari-
geba, azrs dakargavda.211
globalizaciis kvaldakval, garTulebuli samoqalaqo brun-
vis pirobebSi, xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principi didi gamowvevis
winaSe aRmoCnda. saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebSi warmoSobili Sec-
vlili garemoebebis samarTlebrivi problemis gadasawyvetad iuridi-
ul doqtrinaSi mniSvnelovani adgili daimkvidra kanonikuri samar-
Tlidan momdinare Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus212 moZRvrebam,213 rogorc
208 Gratian, Decretum, C. 22, q. 2, c.14, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property,
Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 347.
209 Aquinas T., Summa Theologiae II-II, q, 88 a. 10; q. 89, a. 9, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of
Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 347-348.
210 Liu Ch., Changed Contract Circumstances, 2nd ed., 2005, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/
liu5.html>, [20.07.2014].
211 Lindström N., Changed Circumstances and Hardship in the International Sale of Goods, NJCL, Issue 1,
No.1, 2006, 2, <http://www.njcl.fi/1_2006/commentary1.pdf>, [20.07.2014].
212 dawvrilebiT ix. Pichonnaz P., From Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus to Hardship: Aspects of the Evo-
lution of the Judge's Role, Am. J. Legal Hist., Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2011, 125-143, <http://www.sabinet.
co.za/abstracts/funda/funda_v17_n1_a6.html>, [20.07.2014]; Gordley J., Impossibility and Changed and
Unforeseen Circumstances, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 52, 2004, 513-530, <http://www.cisg.law. pace.edu/
53
Pacta Sunt Servanda principis saxecvlilebam214 da gamonaklisma,215 rome-
lic xelSekrulebis mboWav bunebas aRiarebs mxolod ucvlel gare-
moebaTa pirobebSi216 da Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis
adaptaciis samarTlebriv safuZvels qmnis.217
istoriulad Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus moZRvreba aisaxa me-18 sau-
kunis kerZo samarTlis kodifikaciebSi Tumca, mogvianebiT gakritike-
bul iqna misi bundovanebis gamo. me-18 saukunis dasasrulsa da me-19
saukunis dasawyisSi, rodesac aRorZinda klasikuri saxelSekrulebo
moZRvreba da xelSekrulebis Tavisuflebam, ekonomikurma libera-
lizmma da kanonis sicxadem uzenaesoba moipova, Clausula Rebus Sic
Stantibus doqtrina daviwyebas mieca.218
Mamrigad, me-19 saukunis liberalizmma, romelmac absoluturi
prioriteti mianiWa kerZo avtonomiasa da xelSekrulebis sityvasity-
viT Sinaarss, uaryo es koncefcia da mniSvnelovnad Seamcira misi gav-
lena kontinenturi samarTlis qveynebze. pozicia, romlis Tanaxmad,
xelSekrulebaSi gamoxatuli mxareTa Tavisufali neba afuZnebs kon-
trahentTa samarTals, romelic ar SeiZleba Secvlil iqnes sasamar-
Tlos mier, saxelSekrulebo samarTlis wamyvan principad iqca.219
mogvianebiT, saxelSekrulebo samarTalSi keTilsindisierebisa
da samarTlianobis ideaTa gavleniT uaryofil iqna absoluturi val-
debulebis doqtrina da samarTlebrivma sistemebma Sesrulebis SeuZ-
cisg/biblio/gordley1.html>, [20.07.2014]; Draetta U., Lake R.B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation on
213 es principi jer kidev adreuli Sua saukuneebis glosatorebisaTvis iyo cnobi-
li. Mmas misdevdnen grociusi da pufendorfi. aRniSnuli principi ganmtkicebulia
aseve, 1756 wlis maqsimilianes kodeqsSi da prusiis 1794 wlis kodeqsebSi. ix.
cvaigerti k., kotci h., SedarebiTi samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali kerZo samarTlis
sferoSi, t. II, Tb., 2001, 210.
214 Lando O., Salient Features of the Principles of European Contract Law: A Comparison with the UCC,
Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2001, 27,

<http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1214&context=pilr>, [20.07.2014].
215 Liu Ch., Changed Contract Circumstances, 2nd ed., 2005, 30, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/-
liu5.html>, [20.07.2014].
216 Baranauskas E., Zapolskis P., The Effect of Change in Circumstances on the Performance of Contract,

archyvas/dwn.php?id=226657>, [20.07.2014]; Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation,
Concept of Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert
Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2010, 10; Zimmermann R., Roman Law, Contemporary Law, European
Law, The Civilian Tradition Today, Oxford University Press, 2001, 80.
in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2010, 5-6.
218 Liu Ch., Remedies for Non-performance – Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL,
2003, 296, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/chengwei.html>, [20.07.2014].
219 Horn N., Changes in Circumstances and the Revision of Contracts in Some European Laws and
International Law, in: Horn N. (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and
Finance, Antwerp, Boston, London, Frankfurt a.M. 1985, 17, <http://www.trans-lex.org/create_pdf.php?
docid= 113700>, [20.07.2014].
54
lebloba pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad aamoqme-
des220 _ Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus yvela samarTlis sistemis uzogades
principad iqca.221
civilisturi doqtrina mivida im daskvnamde, rom samarTlis
normatiul, statikur sistemaSi saWiroa Setanil iqnes dinamikuri
elementi, Seiqmnas masSi ,,sasule~, romlis gavliTac axali cxovrebi-
seuli urTierTobebi ,,Caisxmeba~ iuridiul formebSi. aseTi sasule
samarTlisaTvis aris daTqma _ Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus. esaa dinamiku-
robis principi samarTlis sistemaSi, racionaluri cneba iraciona-
luris Sesaxeb, romelic acocxlebs samarTals da aaxloebs mas
cvlilebebis Sedegad damdgar realobebTan.222
2. forsmaJorisa da Sesrulebis garTulebis koncefciebis amsaxveli

ZiriTadi terminebi erovnul da ucxour samarTlebriv sistemebSi
qarTul samarTalSi Secvlil garemoebebTan dakavSirebuli

problematika ar aris mowesrigebuli forsmaJorisa da Sesrulebis
garTulebis saxelwodebis mqone institutebiT. Tumca, kanonmdebloba
arsobrivad msgavsi samarTlebrivi koncefciebis regulirebas iTva-
liswinebs dauZleveli Zalis, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblo-
bisa da Secvlili garemoebebis saxelwodebiT.
msgavsad, germanul samarTalSic ar arsebobs forsmaJoris sa-
xelwodebis Sesatyvisi koncefcia, Tumca germaniis samoqalaqo
sjuldeba ganamtkicebs uzogades princips, romelic valdebulebis
darRvevisaTvis saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobas movalis braleu-
lobas, sul mcire, gaufrTxleblobis arsebobas ukavSirebs, Tu mkac-
ri pasuxismgebloba (e.w. garantia) ar aris SeTanxmebuli223 an ar ga-
momdinareobs valdebulebis arsidan.224 Sesabamisad, germanuli samar-
Tlis Tanaxmad, valdebulebis darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgebloba gamo-
iricxeba, rodesac dabrkoleba mxaris kontrolis miRmaa, romelsac
valdebulebis darRvevisadmi gaufrTxileblobac ki ar Seeracxeba.225
pasuxismgeblobis aRniSnuli wesi forsmaJoris samarTlebriv DSede-
gebs Seesabameba.
220 Liu Ch., Remedies for Non-performance - Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL,
2003, 296, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/chengwei.html>, [20.07.2014].
221 Questech Inc.v. Ministry of National Defence, 9 IRAN – U.S. CL. Trib. Rep. 107, 122, 1985, <tldb.uni-
koeln.de/TLDB.html>, [20.07.2014]. miTiTebulia: Liu Ch., Newman M.S.(ed.), Remedies in

International Sales, Perspectives from SISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC, Huntington,
New York, 2007, 658.
222 gogiaSvili g., Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus, dinamika da statika samarTalSi, Jurn.
,,qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, 9/2006-1/2, 108.
223 Horn N., Kötz H., Leser H.G., German Private and Commercial Law: An Introduction, 1982, 93, 112.
224 German Civil Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesministerium der Justiz, Juris GmbH, Saarbrücken,
2005, §276 I.
225 Horn N., Kötz H., Leser H.G., German Private and Commercial Law: An Introduction, 1982, 93, 112.
55
Aamrigad, marTalia, germanuli samarTali ar icnobs forsma-
Joris koncefcias, magram identuri samarTlebrivi mizani (Sesrule-
bis valdebulebisagan ganTavisufleba) sxva saxelwodebis institu-
tiT miiRweva. kerZod, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZlebloba afuZ-
nebs forsmaJoris samarTlebriv Sedegebs – Sesrulebis valdebule-
bisagan ganTavisuflebas zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebis ga-
moricxviT. rac Seexeba Sesrulebis garTulebis koncefcias, igi ger-
manul samarTalSi ekonomikuri SeuZleblobis cnebaSia moazrebuli.
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, naSromSi valdebulebis Ses-
rulebis ukiduresi damZimebis koncefciis gamosaxatavad gamoyenebu-
li iqneba Sesrulebis garTulebis uzogadesi termini, xolo forsma-
Jori moxseniebuli iqneba germanuli da qarTuli kanonmdeblobisaT-
vis kargad nacnobi, Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis saxelwodebiT.
winamdebare TavSi germanuli koncefciebis analizTan erTad,
ganxiluli iqneba franguli samarTlis e.w. imprévision-is, aseve anglo-
amerikul samarTalSi moqmedi ,,xelSekrulebis amaoebisa~ da ,,komer-
ciuli ganuxorcieleblobis~ doqtrinebi.
3. Secvlili garemoebebis safuZvliT pasuxismgeblobisgan

ganTavisuflebis sistemis formireba germanul samarTalSi
3.1. hiperinflacia germaniaSi da pasuxismgeblobisgan

ganTavisuflebis safuZvelTa aRmocenebis istoriuli pirobebi
xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principis gavleniT, germaniis sa-

moqalaqo sjuldebaSi Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus doqtrinam ver hpova
asaxva.226 zogadgermanuli saerTo samarTlis mecnierebis warmomad-
genlebma Tavdapirvelad uari Tqves aRniSnul principze, CaTvales
igi gaurkvevlad da miiCnevdnen, rom es principi xels uSlis samar-
Tlebrivi stabilurobis SenarCunebas.227
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, germanulma samarTalma gverdi ver
auara Secvlili garemoebebis sakanonmdeblo mowesrigebas, risi au-
cileblobac cxadyo pirvelma msoflio omma,228 romelsac germaniaSi
226 ix.: Hondius E.H., Grigoleit H.Ch., Unexpected Circumstances in European Contract Law, Cambridge
University Press, New York, 2011, 62; Schlechtriem P., The German Act to Modernize the Law of
Obligations in the Context of Common Principles and Structures of the Law of Obligations in Europe, Oxford
U. Compar. L. Forum, Vol. 2, 2002,
<http://ouclf.iuscomp.org/articles/schlechtriem2.shtml#fn1sym>, [20.07.2014].
227 cvaigerti k., kotci h., SedarebiTi samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali kerZo samar-
Tlis sferoSi, t. II, Tb., 2001, 210.
228 Backhaus R., The Limits of the Duty to Perform in the Principles of European Contract Law, Vol. 8.1,
2004, <http://www.ejcl.org/81/art81-2.txt>, [20.07.2014].
56
gamanadgurebeli ekonomikuri Sedegebi mohyva:229 vaimaris respublikam
hiperinflacia ganicada,230 omamdel periodTan SedarebiT fasebi
mkveTrad gaizarda, ramac grZelvadiani xelSekrulebebis Sesruleba
movaleebisTvis ekonomikurad damRupveli gaxada.231 inflaciam ganapi-
roba ukiduresi Seusabamoba miwodebasa da gadaxdas _ momsaxurebasa
da anazRaurebas Soris.232
1919 wels qarxnis ramdenime mesakuTrem gayida KkuTvnili wili.
sakuTrebis gadacema moxda 1920 wlis 1 ianvars Sesyidvis fasis naxev-
ris sanacvlod. darCenili Tanxis gadaxda unda ganxorcielebuliyo
1921 wlis pirvel TveebSi. 1920 wlis dasawyisSi valutis msyidvelo-
biTi unarianoba 80%-iT Semcirda.M movalis mier gadasaxdeli Tanxa
mniSvnelovnad aRar Seesabameboda kreditoris mier wardgenil Ses-
rulebas. Tumca, myidveli moiTxovda xelSekrulebis ganuxrel
Sesrulebas Tavdapirveli, gaufasurebamde arsebuli pirobebiT.233 sa-
xelSekrulebo urTierTobebis Cixidan gamosayvanad saxelmwifo
mxridan saswrafo reagirebis aucilebloba dadga.
3.2. garTulebul valdebulebaTa pirobebSi saxelSekrulebo

pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis problema
valutis gaufasurebis Sedegebis gasaneitraleblad germaniis

umaRlesma sasamarTlom (the Reichsgericht – RG) Sesrulebis SeuZleblo-
bis doqtrinas mimarTa. kerZod, man SeimuSava praqtikuli SeuZleb-
lobis koncefcia,234 romelic fuZndeba dabrkolebis warmoSobiT da
230 Renner Sh., Inflation and the Enforcement of Contracts, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 1999,
yvelgan; Holtfrerich C.L., The German Inflation 1914-1923, Berlin: Gruyter W.D., 1986, yvelgan; Ringer
F.K., The German Inflation of 1923, New York, Oxford University Press, 1969, yvelgan; Laursen K.,
Pederson J., The German Inflation 1918-1923, Amsterdam, North Holland Pub. Co., 1964, yvelgan.
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, the Netherlands, 2009, 79.
232 Säcker F.J., The Transition from German to European Civil Law – Effective Competition, Fairness and
Reasonableness and Consumer Protection as New Principles of a Modern Social Civil Law in Europe, 3,
<http://web.fu-berlin.de/iww/downloads/china/peking_09_03_the_transition.pdf>, [22.06.2011].
234 praqtikuli SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb ix. Pizer L.K., Smith M.R. (ed. in Chief), Southerington T.,
Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 2002-2003, Kluwer Law
International, The Hague, London, New York, 2004, 255.
57
aragonivrulad did xarjebs iTvaliswinebs valdebulebis Sesasru-
leblad.235
sasamarTlom absoluturi SeuZleblobis mimarT dadgenili
Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebis wesi aamoqmeda far-
dobiTi SeuZleblobis236 mimarT da saxelSekrulebo boWvisgan ganTa-
visuflebis safuZvlad miuTiTa Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis maregu-
lirebeli gsk-is 275 I paragrafi. amiT sasamarTlom Sesrulebis SeuZ-
leblobis koncefcia valdebulebis Sesrulebis ukiduresi garTule-
bis SemTxvevazec gaavrcela.
amrigad, reformamdel kanonmdeblobaSi237 Sesrulebis absolu-
turi SeuZleblobis momwesrigebeli norma vrceldeboda ukiduresi
garTulebis SemTxvevaze, miuxedavad imisa, saxeze iyo absoluturi
Tu praqtikuli SeuZlebloba.238
Tumca, mosamarTleebs gauZneldaT am bundovani da arazusti
kriteriumis safuZvelze, absoluturi SeuZleblobis momwesrigebeli
normebis gamoyenebiT, gadaewyvitaT fardobiTi SeuZleblobis prob-
lema.239
3.3. ortmanis Teoriis aRmoceneba
arsebuli socialur-politikuri viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

germanelma mecnierebma mravali Teoria ganaviTares. magaliTad, la-
rencma fardobiTi SeuZleblobis problemis mosagvareblad gsk-is
275-e paragrafis nacvlad keTilsindisierebis principis (gsk-is §242)
gamoyeneba miiCnia mizanSewonilad.240 vindSaidma SeimuSava ,,saxelSek-
rulebo prezumfciis~ Teoria (Lehre von der Voraussetzung), romelic gak-
ritikebul iqna imis safuZvelze, rom calmxrivi motivebi ar SeiZle-
235
Rösler H., Hardship in German Codified Private Law – In Comparative Perspective to English, French and
15, No. 4, 2007, 487-488, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=115404>, [15.06.2014].
236 Litvinoff S., Force Majeure, Failure of Cause and Theorie De L'imprevision: Louisiana Law and Beyond,
La. L. Rev., Vol. 46, No. 1, 1985, 1, 54,

<http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4942&context=lalrev>, [15.06.2014].
237 igulisxmeba 2002 wlis valdebulebiTi samarTlis fundamenturi reforma germa-
niaSi.
238 Zimmermann R., Breach of Contract and Remedies under the New German Law of Obligations, Saggi,
Conferenze e Seminari 48, Roma, 2002, 15, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/zimmerman.html>,

[15.06.2014].
239 Enneccerus L., Lehmann H., Derecho de Obligaciones, 241, 1966, miTiTebulia: Oliveira N.M.P., The
German Act to Modernize the Law of Obligations as a Model for the Europeanization of Contract Law? The
New Rules Regarding Impossibility of Performance from the Perspective of a Portuguese Lawyer, EJCL, Vol.
11.4, December 2007, 2, <http://www.ejcl.org/114/art114-2.pdf >, [15.06.2014].
240 Larenz K., Lehrbuch des Schuldrechts. Allgemeiner Teil, 14th ed., 1989, supra note 2, at 320, miTiTebulia:
Oliveira N.M.P., The German Act to Modernize the Law of Obligations as a Model for the Europeanization of
Contract Law? The New Rules Regarding Impossibility of Performance from the Perspective of a Portuguese
Lawyer, EJCL, Vol. 11.4, December 2007, 2, <http://www.ejcl.org/114/art114-2.pdf>, [15.06.2014].
58
ba pirobebad iqnes ganxiluli manam, sanam xelSekrulebaSi ar iqneba
isini gaTvaliswinebuli.241
arsebul doqtrinaTa Soris yvelaze misaRebi ortmanis (Oer-
tmann) mier SeTavazebuli ,,garigebis safuZvlis rRvevis~ Teoria (Weg-
fall der Geschäftsgrundlage)242 aRmoCnda. xsenebuli doqtrinis gamoyenebis
winapirobaa im saxelSekrulebo garemoebaTa arsebiTi cvlilebis ar-
seboba, romelsac umTavresad daemyara mxareTa SeTanxmeba243 da axal
pirobebSi aragonivrulia movalisagan valdebulebis Tavdapirveli
saxiT Sesrulebis moTxovna. xelSekrulebis fundamentur pirobebad
ganisazRvreba mxareTa mier xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze mtkicebu-
lebad miCneuli faqtebi, warmodgenebi, romelic mxareTa saxelSekru-
lebo miznis safuZvels qmnis.244
Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom 1922 wels Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis
momwesrigebeli normebis Sefardeba Sesrulebis ukiduresi garTule-
bis SemTxvevebisaTvis usafuZvlod miiCnia.245 sasamarTlo, gsk-Si Se-
sabamisi debulebis ararsebobis gamo, pirvelad daeyrdno ekonomiku-
ri SeuZleblobis koncefcias246 da zemoxsenebul saqmeze 1923 wlis
gadawyvetilebaSi saxelSekrulebo garemoebebis arsebiTi cvlilebis
principiT ixelmZRvanela, romelic daafuZna ortmanis (Oertmann) mier
1921 wels ganviTarebul garigebis safuZvlis (Geschäftsgrundlage) Sesa-
xeb doqtrinasa247 da gsk-is 242-e paragrafiT ganmtkicebul keTilsin-
disierebis princips.248
242 vindSaidis Teoriisagan gansxvavebiT, ortmanis Teoriis Tanaxmad, samomavlo
movlenaTa ganviTarebis Sesaxeb warmodgenebi unda ekuTvnodes ara mxolod erT-
erT mxares, aramed gaziarebuli unda iyos orive mxaris mier. ix. cvaigerti k.,
kotci h., SedarebiTi samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali kerZo samarTlis sferoSi,
t. II, Tb., 2001, 213.
244 Rösler H., Hardship in German Codified Private Law – In Comparative Perspective to English, French
and International Contract Law, Kluwer Law International BV/Printed in Netherlands, Eur. Rev. of Prv. L.,
Vol. 15, No. 4, 2007, 488, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_ id=1154004>, [15.06.2014].
245
iqve.
246 iqve, 491.
247 Effect of Inflation in Zimmermann R., Whittaker S.(eds.), Good Faith in European Contract Law,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, 557-558.

248 RG 03.02.1922, RGZ 103, 328; 27.06.1922, RGZ 104, 394-402, ix. Tallon D. wignSi: Beale H., Kötz
H., Hartkamp A., Tallon D. (eds.), Cases Materials and Text on Contract Law, Hart Publishing, Oxford and
Portland, Oregon, 2002, 631-633; RG 03.02.1922, RGZ 103, 328, ix. Lipstein K. wignSi: Markesinis S.B.,
Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise, 2nd ed., Hart Publishing,
Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2006, 797-798; 15.12.1941, RGZ 168, 121, 126; Musy A.M., The Good Faith
Principle in Contract Law and the Pre-contractual Duty to Disclose: Comparative Analysis of New
Differences in Legal Cultures, 2000, 5, <http://www.icer.it/docs/wp2000/Musy192000.pdf>, [15.06.2014].
59
3.4. keTilsindisierebis principis gavlena garigebis safuZvlis
doqtrinis ganviTarebaze
germanul samarTalSi keTilsindisieri qceva mxareTa upirve-

lesi valdebulebaa. yvela uflebisa da movaleobis ganxorcieleba
keTilsindisierebis ZiriTad wess unda efuZnebodes.249 saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi ,,keTilsindisierebis daTqmaze~ dayrdnobiT kerZo sa-
marTlis araerTi instituti Camoyalibda da ganviTarda.250 am princi-
pis pirmSoa Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis
doqtrinac.251
sxvadasxva samarTlis sistemaSi keTilsindisierebis principi-
saTvis miniWebuli gansxvavebuli funqcia imavdroulad (Sesabamis sa-
marTlis sistemaSi) am principis gansxvavebul mniSvnelobas ganapi-
robebs. upirveles yovlisa, germanul sasamarTlo praqtikasa da iu-
ridiul literaturaSi gsk-is 242-e paragrafi yovlismomcvel zogad
debulebad Camoyalibda, romlis gamoyenebac scildeba mis sityva-
sityviT mniSvnelobas da zegavlenas axdens mTel samarTlis sistema-
ze.252
amrigad, keTilsindisierebis principi miiCneva germanuli doq-
trinis – Geschäftsgrundlage – safuZvlad.253 ortmanis garigebis safuZ-
vlis TeoriaSi (Geschäftsgrundlange) yvelaze naTlad vlindeba keTil-
sindisierebis principis ,,makoreqtirebeli~ funqcia. keTilsindisiere-
bis principis gavlenis sakiTxi sasamarTlo praqtikis ganviTarebaze
ganxiluli iqneba momdevno TavSi.
249 Firoozmand M.R., Changed Circumstances and Immutability of Contract: a Comparative Analysis of
Force Majeure and Related Doctrines, Bus. L. Int'l, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2007, 170,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Welcome?message=Please%20log%20in&url=%2FHOL%2FPrint%3Fhandle%3
Dhein.journals%2Fblawintnl2007%26div%3D17%26collection%3Djournals%26set_as_cursor%3D1%26men
_tab%3Dsrchresults>, [15.06.2014].
250 kereseliZe d., kerZo samarTlis uzogadesi sistemuri cnebebi, Tb., 2009, 84.
251 Tallon D. wignSi: Hartkamp A.S., Hesselink M., Hondius E.H., du Perron E., Joustra C., Veldman
M.(eds.), Towards a European Civil Code, 3rd ed., Kluwer Law International, 2004, 503.
252 Palandt/Heinrichs, 2003, §242, RdNr. 16, miTiTebulia: kereseliZe d., samoqalaqo
kodeqsis zogadi debulebebi, ,,qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, 7/2004-1, 34.

253 Oliveira N.M.P., The German Act to Modernize the Law of Obligations as a Model for the
Europeanization of Contract Law? The New Rules Regarding Impossibility of Performance from the
Perspective of a Portuguese Lawyer, EJCL, Vol. 11. 4, December 2007, 2, <http://www.ejcl.org/114/art114-
2.pdf>, [18.07.2014]. ix. aseve, vaSakiZe g., keTilsindisiereba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
kodeqsis mixedviT – abstraqcia Tu moqmedi samarTali, Jurn. ,,qarTuli samarTlis
mimoxilva~, 10/2007-1, 26.
60
3.5. garigebis safuZvlis doqtrinis arsi da misi moqmedeba
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi
sakiTxi, SesaZlebelia Tu ara mkveTrad Secvlili garemoebe-

bis safuZvliT Tavidan iqnes acilebuli mboWavi saxelSekrulebo
valdebulebebi, aswleulebis manZilzea cnobili kontinenturi evro-
pis qveynebis samarTlis mecnierebisTvis. am principis Tanaxmad, xel-
Sekrulebis namdviloba damokidebulia im garemoebaTa Seucvleloba-
ze, romelTa pirobebSic daido xelSekruleba.
ortmanis garigebis safuZvlis (Geschäftsgrundlange) Teoriis mi-
xedviT, Secvlili garemoebebis gamo xelSekruleba wyvets moqmede-
bas, Tu ar gamarTlda mxareTa molodini, warmodgenebi da varaudebi,
romlebsac isini miznad isaxavdnen xelSekrulebis dadebis momentSi.
aRniSnuli doqtrinis mizania, moawesrigos saxelSekrulebo urTier-
Tobebi Secvlil ekonomikur da politikur garemoebebTan dakavSire-
biT.254
germaniis (umaRlesma) saimperio sasamarTlom saTave daudo Ta-
vis cnobil sasamarTlo praqtikas revalvaciasTan dakavSirebiT. 1923
wlidan saimperio (umaRlesi) sasamarTlo gsk-is 242-e paragrafis sa-
fuZvelze, anu keTilsindisierebis principze dayrdnobiT, saipoTeko
kreditorebs uflebas aZlevda, miwis nakveTebis mesakuTreebisTvis
gadaexdevinebinaT damatebiTi Tanxebi ipoTekis nominaluri Rirebu-
lebis zeviT, raTa mkveTrad gaufasurebuli germanuli qaRaldis fu-
lis kompensacia momxdariyo. germaniis federaluri umaRlesi sasa-
marTlo xSirad iyenebda ,,garigebis safuZvlis moSlis~ doqtrinas
da, amave dros, aRniSnavda keTilsindisierebis principis Sesatyvisad
yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevis garemoebaTa gadamwyvet mniSvnelo-
bas.255
sasamarTlo valutis gaufasurebas saxelSekrulebo garemoebaTa
winaswar gauTvaliswinebel da fundamentur cvlilebad gansazRvravs
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxelSekrulebo fasi da SesrulebaTa ekvivalento-
ba arsebiT pirobad aris navaraudebi an SeTanxmebuli mxareTa mier.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba moiTxovs saxel-
Sekrulebo fasis arsebiT da ara Cveulebriv cvlilebas, romelic sa-
moqalaqo brunvis Tanamdevi movlenaa. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi mova-
les ekisreba inflaciis riski.
amrigad, sasamarTlom Seqmna precedenti Secvlili garemoebe-
bisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebisa da xelSekrulebis Sewyveta mxo-
254 ioseliani a., keTilsindisierebis principi saxelSekrulebo samarTalSi, Seda-

rebiTsamarTlebrivi gamokvleva, Jurn. ,,qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialri
gamocema, 2007, 62.
255 iqve, 64-65.
61
lod iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis gansazRvra, rodesac aragonivruli da
gaumarTlebelia mxareTagan xelSekrulebis SenarCunebis moTxovna.256
1923 wlidan germaniaSi doqtrina garigebis safuZvlis rRvevis
Sesaxeb sul ufro xSirad gamoiyeneboda Sesrulebis ganuxorcieleb-
lobis dros xelSekrulebis mboWavi Zalis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad.
rodesac winaswar gauTvaliswinebeli garemoebebi mxareebis interes-
Ta balanssa da saxelSekrulebo wonasworobas mniSvnelovnad ar-
Rvevda, maSin mosamarTleebi, aRniSnul doqtrinaze dayrdnobiT, xel-
Sekrulebis Sewyvetas an Secvlili garemoebebisadmi mis misadagebas
mimarTavdnen.
amrigad, precedentuli samarTalSemoqmedebis nimuSi – xelSek-
rulebis safuZvlis rRvevis koncefcia – sasamarTlom ganaviTara da
amiT moamzada safuZveli sakanonmdeblo reformisaTvis, romelic daw-
vrilebiT momdevno TavebSi iqneba ganxiluli.
3.6. valdebulebiTi samarTlis reforma da misi konceftualuri

srulyofis Sedegebi
germaniaSi 2002 wels ganxorcielebuli valdebulebiTi samar-

Tlis reforma germanuli kodifikaciis miRebis dRidan (1900 wlis
pirveli ianvari) kodeqsis yvelaze fundamentur reformad iTvleba.257
1992 wels germaniis iusticiis saministros mier 1984 wels Seq-
mnilma samarTlis reformis komisiam gamoaqveyna winadadebebi saxel-
Sekrulebo samarTlis reformirebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli rekomendaci-
ebi mniSvnelovnad efuZneboda venis koncenviis da unidruas saxel-
Sekrulebo principebis proeqts. reforma dasrulda 2001 wlis 26 no-
embers valdebulebiTi samarTlis modernizebis Sesaxeb kanonis258 mi-
RebiT, romelic ZalaSi 2002 wlis pirvel ianvars, gsk-is miRebidan
102-e wels, Sevida.259
,,valdebulebiTi samarTlis reformis mizani sasamarTlos mi-
er kodeqsisagan damoukideblad ganviTarebuli samarTlebrivi insti-
tutebis kodifikaciaSi asaxva iyo.~260 aRniSnuli reformis Sedegad,
256
Rösler H., Hardship in German Codified Private Law – In Comparative Perspective to English, French
Vol. 15, No. 4, 2007, 492, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1154004>, [15.06.2014].
257 Zimmermann R., Breach of Contract and Remedies Under the New German Law of Obligations, Saggi,

[15.06.2014].
258 Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Sculdrechts, Vom 26.11.2001, verkündet in Jahrgang 2001 Nr. 61 vom
29.11.2001,
<http://www.rechtliches.de/info_Gesetz_zur_Modernisierung_des_Schuldrechts.html>, [15.06.2014].
259 reformis Sesaxeb ix. Zimmermann R., Breach of Contract and Remedies under the New German
Law of Obligations, 2002, 1-5, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/zimmerman.html>, [15.06.2014].

260 Markesinis S.B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise, 2nd
ed., Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2006, 383.
62
gsk-is 241-e II paragrafSi ganmtkicda dacvis valdebulebis koncefci-
a, aseve mowesrigda winasaxelSekrulebo urTierTobidan gamomdinare
valdebulebis sakiTxi. reformam sxva mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi
problemebis regulirebac moicva.
reformam261 mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi problemebis reguli-
reba moicva: safuZvliani cvlilebebi ganxorcielda evrokavSiris
direqtivebis implementaciis kuTxiT, xandazmulobis vadebisa da mom-
xmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis sferoSi. axleburad mowesrigda val-
debulebis darRvevis, nasyidobis xelSekrulebasa da samuSaos Ses-
rulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.262
Tumca, reforma ar iyo mxolod evrokavSiris samarTlis moTx-
ovnebiT ganpirobebuli, man moawesriga Sesrulebis garTulebisa da
SeuZleblobis problemebic.263 vinaidan kanonmdeblis erT-erTi mizani
iyo sasamarTlos mier kodeqsisagan damoukideblad ganviTarebuli
samarTlebrivi institutebis kodifikaciaSi asaxva,264 aRniSnuli re-
formis safuZvelze gsk-Si mowesrigda damxmare valdebulebebis kon-
cefcia,265 winasaxelSekrulebo urTierTobidan gamomdinare valdebu-
lebaTa sakiTxi,266 mesame pirTa ufleba-movaleobebi.267 aseve refor-
mis safuZvelze zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebam sruli tran-
sformacia ganicada.268 valdebulebis darRvevis Semdgom aRmocenebu-
li samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebs Soris erTianobis uzrunvel-
261 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix.: Markesinis S.B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The
German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise, 2nd ed., Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon,
2006, 382-392; Vogenauer S., Weatherill S. (eds.), Zimmermann R., Contract Law Reform: The German
Experience, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2006, 71-87, miTiTebulia: Vogenauer S., Weatherill S. (eds.), The
Harmonization of European Contract Law: Implications for European Private Laws, Business and Legal
Practice (Studies of the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law), Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2006;
Zimmerman R., The New German Law of Obligations: Historical and Comparative Perspectives, Oxford
University Press, 2005, 30, <http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-929137-3.pdf>, [15.06.2014];
Löwisch M., New Law of Obligations in Germany, Ritsumeikan L. Rev., No. 20, 2003,
<http://www.ritsumei.ac.ip/acd/cg/ law/lex/rlr20/Manfred141.pdf>, [15.06.2014]; Schulte-Nölke H., The New
German Law of Obligations: an Introduction,
<http://www.murallivre.net/Archives/Law%20of%20Obligations.pdf>, [15.06.2014].
262 Löwisch M., New Law of Obligations in Germany, Ritsumeikan L. Rev., No. 20, 2003, 141,
<http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/law/lex/rlr20/Manfred141.pdf>, [15.06.2014].
263
nd
264 Markesinis S.B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise, 2

265 Reimann M., The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: The Reform of the German Law of Obligations,
Tul. L. Rev., Vol. 83, 2009, 888, <http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/tulr83&div=

33&g_sent=1&collection=journals>, [15.06.2014].
266 iqve, 889.
267 iqve, 890.
nd
63
yofis mizniT, zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebis gamoyenebis
winapirobebi, erTi mniSvnelovani gamonaklisis – bralis – garda, Se-
sabamisobaSi iqna moyvanili xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmisa da fasis
Semcirebis meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis winapirobebTan.269
reformamde arsebuli fragmentuli mowesrigebisagan gansxvave-
biT, moqmedi regulirebis sistema gacilebiT zusti da moqnilia, ka-
nonmdeblis mizani ramdenime muxlis kombinaciiT miiRweva.
reformis erT-erTi didi monapovari iyo ,,garigebis safuZvlis
rRvevis~ doqtrina, romelic kanonmdebelma gsk-is 313-e paragrafSi
daamkvidra.270
3.7. garigebis safuZvlis doqtrinis sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia

da Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sinaarsi
sasamarTlo wiaRSi ganviTarebuli ortmanis Teoria kodifici-

rebul iqna germaniis valdebulebiTi samarTlis reformis Semdgom
da modernizebis aqtiT ganmtkicebul gsk-is axal, 313-e paragrafSi271
aisaxa saxelwodebiT ,,garigebis safuZvlis rRveva~ (Störung der Ges-
chäftsgrundlage) (“interference with the basis of the transaction“).272 aRniSnuli doq-
trina Sesrulebis garTulebis uzogadesi koncefciis germanuli Se-
satyvisia.
axali normatiuli debulebiT ganmtkicebuli koncefcia gu-
lisxmobs xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg aRmocenebul cvlilebas
xelSekrulebis obieqtur safuZvlebSi, valdebulebis Sesrulebis
ukidures garTulebas, romelic iwvevs saxelSekrulebo valdebule-
bebis Tanafardobis, ekvivalentobisa da saxelSekrulebo wonasworo-
bis rRvevas. cvlileba imdenad arsebiTi unda iyos, rom misi winas-
war gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi mxareebi xelSekrulebas ar dadeb-
dnen, an SeaTanxmebdnen mas gansxvavebuli SinaarsiT.
gsk iTvaliswinebs xelSekrulebis Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
misadagebis SesaZleblobas Tu, keTilsindisierebis principis gaTva-
liswinebiT, aragonivrulia mxarisaTvis valdebulebis Tavdapirveli,
ucvleli saxiT Sesrulebis moTxovna. xelSekrulebis mboWavi Zalis
nd
270 Reimann M., The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: The Reform of the German Law of Obligations,
Tul. L. Rev., Vol. 83, 2009, 891,

<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/tulr83&div=33&g_sent=1&collection=journals>,
[17.06.2014].
271 Säcker F.J., The Transition from German to European Civil law – Effective Competition, Fairness and
Reasonableness and Consumer Protection as New Principles of a Modern Social Civil Law in Europe, 3,
<http://web.fu-berlin.de/iww/downloads/china/peking_09_03_the_transition.pdf>, [22.06.2011].
64
sakiTxi unda gadawydes saxelSekrulebo riskisa da faqtobrivi ga-
remoebebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT.273 am SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs upiris-
pirdeba xelSekrulebis mboWavi Zalisa da keTilsindisierebis prin-
cipebi,274 rac unda ganisazRvros gonivrulobis kriteriumis safuZ-
velze.
,,keTilsindisierebis principis gamoyenebis sfero ZiriTadad
ganpirobebulia SemTxvevebiT, romlebSic moTxovna formalurad See-
sabameba moqmed materialur samarTals, magram misi ganxorcieleba
konkretul SemTxvevaSi usamarTloa. moqmedi samarTlidan gamomdina-
re dauSvebelia, ufleba Tu Sedegi iyos arasamarTliani. Sesabamisad,
,,keTilsindisierebis daTqma~ win aRudgeba moTxovnis ganxorciele-
bas iseTi uflebidan gamomdinare, ,,romelsac mocemul SemTxvevaSi
uflebis mxolod forma aqvs da ara Sinaarsi~.275
xelSekrulebis safuZvlis rRvevis koncefciaSi SeiZleba sami
elementi iqnes moazrebuli: (1) faqtobrivi, romelic gulisxmobs,
rom arsebiTi, SeTanxmebis safuZvlad miCneuli garemoebebi kontra-
hentTa an erT-erTi maTganis mier imTaviTve, xelSekrulebis dadebis
etapze, aris gacnobierebuli, nagulisxmevi. es pirobebi rom ar yofi-
liyo mxareTa (an mxaris) mier navaraudebi, xelSekruleba ar daide-
boda, an SeTanxmdeboda igi sruliad gansxvavebuli SinaarsiT. (2) hi-
poTezuri – xelSekrulebis safuZvlad miCneuli mxaris/mxareTa na-
gulisxmevi pirobebi aucileblad gaxdeboda xelSekrulebis Semadge-
neli nawili erT-erTi mxaris Sesabamisi survilis SemTxvevaSi. (3)
273 gsk-is 313-e paragrafi iTvaliswinebs:

(1) Tu garemoebebi, romlebic xelSekrulebis safuZvels qmnis, xelSekrulebis
dadebis Semdgom arsebiTad Seicvala, da mxareebi am cvlilebis winaswar
gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi ar dadebdnen xelSekrulebas, an dadebdnen mas sru-
liad gansxvavebuli SinaarsiT, Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis
misadageba SesaZlebelia moTxovnil iqnes, Tu konkretuli SemTxvevis, riskis sa-
xelSekrulebo da kanonismieri gadanawilebis gaTvaliswinebiT aragonivrulia,
movales moeTxovos xelSekrulebis Tavdapirveli, Seucvleli pirobebis Sesru-
leba. (2) garemoebaTa cvlilebas uTanabrdeba SemTxveva, rodesac warmodgenebi,
romlebic xelSekrulebis safuZveli gaxda, mcdari aRmoCndeba. (3) Tu xelSekrule-
bis misadageba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi SeuZlebelia, an igi mniSvnelovan sir-
Tules ukavSirdeba erT-erTi kontrahentisaTvis, dazaralebul mxares ufleba aqvs
uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze. grZelvadia valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTierTobeb-
Si xelSekrulebaze uaris nacvlad gamoiyeneba xelSekrulebis Sewyveta.
274 Hesselink M., The Concept of Good Faith, wignSi: Hartkamp A.S., Hesselink M., Hondius E.H., du
Perron E., Joustra C., Veldman M.(eds.), Towards a European Civil Code, 3rd ed., Kluwer Law International,
2004, 471-498; Ebke W.F., Steinhauter B.M., The Doctrine of Good Faith in German Contract Law, in
Beatson J., Friedman D. (eds.), Good Faith and Fault in Contract Law, Oxford University Press, 1995, 171-
180; Houh E., The Doctrine of Good Faith in Contract Law: A (Nearly) Empty Vessel? Utah L. Rev., Vol.
2005, U. of Cincinnati Public Law Research Paper, No. 04-12, 2005,
<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=622982##>, [19.06.2014].
275 „...im gegebenen Falle also nur die Form, nicht das Wesen des Rechtes hätte“. Dernburg, Pandekten,
Band I, 1: Allgemeiner Theil, 1900, § 138, 320, miTiTebulia: kereseliZe d., kerZo samarTlis
uzogadesi sistemuri cnebebi, Tb., 2009, 84.
65
normatiuli – meore mxare aucileblad daeTanxmeboda xsenebuli pi-
robebis xelSekrulebaSi CarTvas. normatiuli elementi umniSvnelo-
vanesi kriteriumia, radgan is qmnis xelSekrulebis safuZvels orive
mxarisaTvis.276
sistemuri TvalsazrisiT, garigebis safuZvlis moSlis doqtrina
xSirad valdebulebis darRvevis (Leistungsstörung) saTauris farglebSi
moiazreba.277 gsk-is 313-e paragrafi, romelic keTilsindisierebis prin-
cipis gamoxatulebaa, ganTavsda ara keTilsindisierebis principis am-
saxvel 242-e paragrafTan, rogorc es mosalodneli iyo, aramed valde-
bulebiTi samarTlis II wignSi – saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebis na-
wilSi, amitom misi debulebebi Tanabrad vrceldeba yvela saxelSekru-
lebo valdebulebaze.
amasTan, gsk-is 313-e paragrafs aqvs mkacrad damxmare mniSvnelo-
ba.278 upirvelesad ganimarteba saxelSekrulebo debulebebi, gamoiyeneba
Secdomis, Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis, nakliani Sesrulebis momwesrige-
beli normebi da Tu es meqanizmebic ver uzrunvelyofs sakiTxis ga-
dawyvetas, maSin mosamarTles SeuZlia mimarTos keTilsindisierebis
principis safuZvelze xelSekrulebis ganmartebas (§157, §242). amrigad,
gsk-is 313-e paragrafi gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac samarTlebrivi dacvis
yvela saSualeba amowurulia.279
3.7.1. Sesrulebis garTuleba da Secdoma garigebis safuZvlebSi
reformis Semdgom Secvlili garemoebebis problematikam ger-

manul samarTalSi moicva aseve ,,Secdoma garigebis safuZvelSi~. gsk-
is 313-e paragrafi mijnavs garigebis obieqtur Tu subieqtur safuZ-
vlebs konceftualurad da ara samarTlebrivi Sedegebis Tvalsazri-
siT.280 diferenciacia xorcieldeba mxareTa SeTanxmebis Semdgom aR-
mocenebul saxelSekrulebo garemoebaTa arsebiT cvlilebasa da su-
bieqturi garemoebebis sawyis ararsebobas Soris, romelic mkveTrad
ar aris gamoxatuli. Tu gsk-is 313-e I paragrafi moiazrebs arsebiT
cvlilebas obieqtur safuZvlebSi, gsk-is 313-e II paragrafi gulis-
xmobs subieqturi garemoebebis sawyis ararsebobas, zogad Secdomas
276
277
Markesinis S.B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise, 2nd
278
Hondius E.H., Grigoleit H.Ch., Unexpected Circumstances in European Contract Law, Cambridge
University Press, New York, 2011, 55.
279
Vol. 15, No. 4, 2007, 490-491, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id= 1154004>, [19.07.2014].
280
Markesinis S.B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise, 2nd
66
motivaciaSi, SemTxvevebs, rodesac mxare SecdomiT uSvebs garkveuli
garemoebis arsebobas. aRniSnulis klasikuri magaliTia saqme, romel-
Sic mxareebi arasworad miakuTvneben naxats sxva mxatvars, xelSekru-
lebis dadebis Semdgom ki namdvili mxatvari aRmoCndeba leibli,
rac mniSvnelovnad zrdis xelSekrulebis sagnis Rirebulebas.281
gsk-is 119-e paragrafisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs
mxolod erTi kontrahentis Secdomas nebis gamovlenis SinaarsTan
dakavSirebiT, gsk-is 313-e II paragrafi gulisxmobs mxareTa ormxriv
Secdomas da gamosayenebelia maSin, rodesac mxareebs ar ufiqriaT im
saxelSekrulebo garemoebebze, romlebic Semdgom samarTlebriv
mniSvnelobas iZenen. am dros warmoiSoba im faqtobrivi garemoebebis
gansazRvris sakiTxi, romlebic SeTanxmebis safuZvlad unda iqnen
miCneulni.282
amrigad, gsk-is 313-e II paragrafis SefardebisTvis sakmarisia
mxareTa warmodgenebis ararseboba mniSvnelovan garemoebebze, maSin
rodesac gsk-is 119-e paragrafis gamoyeneba aucileblad gulisxmobs
mxaris mier nebis (Tumca mcdari) gamovlenas garemoebebTan dakavSi-
rebiT.283
gsk-is 313-e I da II paragrafebis diferenciacia ar unda xorciel-
debodes subieqturi da obieqturi garemoebebis gansxvavebiT, aramed ga-
mijvnis kriteriumad aRiarebul unda iqnes saxelSekrulebo dabrkole-
bis warmoSobis dro. miT ufro, rom gsk-is 313 II awesrigebs subieqturi
garemoebebis specialur SemTxvevas, maSin rodesac gsk-is 313-e I aregu-
lirebs xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom warmoSobili Secvlili gare-
moebebis problemas da maT Soris moicavs rogorc obieqtur, ise subi-
eqtur garemoebebs.284
gansxvaveba ar ikveTeba samarTlebrivi Sedegis Tvalsazrisi-
Tac, radgan xelSekrulebis modificireba gamarTlebulia mxareTaT-
vis ucnobi movlenis xelSekrulebis dadebis momentamde arsebobis
SemTxvevaSic.285
281
ix. BGH, 8.6.1988, 2597.
282
283
iqve, 497; Secdomis saxeebze dawvrilebiT ix. Hondius E.H., Grigoleit H.Ch., Unexpected
Circumstances in European Contract Law, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2011, 56.
284
Vol. 15, No. 4, 2007, 496-497, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id= 1154004>, [19.07.2014].
285 Mekki M., Pelese M.K., Hardship and Modification (or ‘Revision’) of the Contract, 2010, 6,
67
3.7.2. Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi
germaniis samoqalaqo sjuldebam286 313-e paragrafis ganmtkice-

biT aRiara Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis
primati mis SewyvetasTan SedarebiT. germanuli sasamarTlo praqti-
kac adasturebs, rom sasamarTloebi Secvlili garemoebebis dros
xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis nacvlad umTavresad mis misadagebas mimar-
Taven.
Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebriv Sedegebs upirvelesad
gsk-is 313-e I da III paragrafebi gansazRvravs: (1) ...Seclili garemoebe-
bisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba SesaZlebelia moTxovnil iqnes,
Tu konkretuli SemTxvevis, riskis saxelSekrulebo da kanonismieri
gadanawilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aragonivrulia, movales moeTxovos
xelSekrulebis Tavdapirveli, Seucvleli pirobebis Sesruleba. (3)
Tu xelSekrulebis misadageba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi SeuZlebe-
lia, an igi mniSvnelovan sirTules ukavSirdeba erT-erTi kontrahen-
tisaTvis, dazaralebul mxares ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas xelSekrule-
baze. grZelvadian valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTierTobebSi xel-
Sekrulebaze uaris nacvlad gamoiyeneba xelSekrulebis Sewyveta.
xelSekrulebis Sewyveta, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, gamoyenebulia
xelSekrulebis moSlis SinaarsiT, grZelvadian urTierTobebSi
Sesrulebis ukan dabrunebisa da restituciis SeuZleblobidan
gamomdinare, romelic swored xelSekrulebaze uaris, igive xelSek-
rulebidan gasvlis, koncefciis arsobrivi maxasiaTebelia. amitomac,
am or momijnave samarTlebriv instruments Soris fundamenturi
gansxvaveba arsebobs Tanmdevi Sedegebisa da samomavlod Sesasru-
lebeli valdebulebebis kuTxiT.
amdenad, germanuli samarTali orientirebulia xelSekrulebis
gadarCenaze, Secvlili garemoebebisadmi mis misadagebaze, romelic
upirvelesad gamosayenebel samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebad ganixi-
leba Sesrulebis dabrkolebis pirobebSi. amasTan, gsk-is 313-e parag-
rafi uflebamosil kontrahents aniWebs xelSekrulebis misadagebis
moTxovniT sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis uflebas, yovelgvari winaswari
molaparakebis gareSe.287 doqtrinaSi miCneulia, rom molaparakebis
warmoeba da xelSekrulebis gadasinjva unda iyos sasamarTlos mier
xelSekrulebis adaptaciis winapiroba.288 mxareebs unda ekisrebodeT
valdebuleba, keTilsindisierebis principze dayrdnobiT awarmoon mo-
laparakeba xelSekrulebis misadagebis mizniT da mxolod SeuTanxmeb-
lobis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenon sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis SesaZleb-
286 inglisuri samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT.

287 Schlechtriem P., The German Act to Modernize the Law of Obligations in the Context of Common Principles
and Structures of the Law of Obligations in Europe, Oxford U. Comparative L. Forum, Vol. 2, 2002, <http://ouclf.
iuscomp.org/articles/schlechtriem2.shtml#fn1sym>, [19.07.2014].
288 iqve.
68
loba.289 praqtikaSi damkvidrebuli midgomis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo
adaptaciis uflebis gamoyenebamde upiratesobas kontrahentTa molapa-
rakebis warmoebas aniWebs.290
amdenad, gonivrulia, rom gsk-is 313-e paragrafiT ganmtkicebu-
li winapirobebis arseboba upirvelesad molaparakebebis warmoebis
valdebulebas warmoSobdes.
mniSvnelovania, rom xelSekrulebidan ormxrivi gasvla gamoi-
yeneba mxolod ukiduresi samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebis saxiT
(gsk-is 346-e da Semdgomi paragrafebis safuZvelze), rodesac SeuZle-
beli an aragonivrulia xelSekrulebis Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
misadageba.291
amdenad, reformamde arsebul samarTlebriv saSualebebTan Se-
darebiT, problemis gadawyvetis axali gza metad orientirebulia
xelSekrulebis SenarCunebaze.292 sasamarTlos meSveobiT xelSekru-
lebis Secvlili garemoebebisadmi adaptaciiT kanonmdebeli uzrun-
velyofs mxareTa interesTa balansisa da saxelSekrulebo wonaswo-
robis aRdgenas.
3.8. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis koncefciis axleburi mowesrigeba
3.8.1. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis saxeebi293
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis doqtrina kontinenturi samarTlis

sistemis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi tipuri samarTlebrivi maxasiaTe-
belia, romelic romauli samarTlidan iRebs saTaves.294 Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobis problema umniSvnelovanesia yvela ganviTarebuli sa-
marTlis sistemaSi. kontinenturi samarTlis qveynebSi gansxvavebu-
lad regulirdeba Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis safuZvliT pasuxis-
289 Horn N., Changes in Circumstances and the Revision of Contracts in some European Laws and
International Law, in: Horn N. (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and
Finance, Antwerp, Boston, London, Frankfurt a.M. 1985, 15, 22-23, <http://www.trans- lex.org/create_-
pdf.php?docid=113700>, [19.07.2014].


292
2004, 257-259.
2012, 654-655.
69
mgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis sakiTxi.295 SeuZleblobis doqtrina
umTavresad germaniis samoqalaqo samarTlis mecnierebam ganaviTara.
amitomac mas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba germaniis pozitiur
kanonmdeblobasa da iuridiul doqtrinaSi.
bunebrivma katastrofebma, gauTvaliswinebelma politikurma
Tu ekonomikurma faqtorebma,296 socialurma cvlilebebma – inflacia,
ekonomikuri krizisi, SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi, embargo, eqsportis
akrZalva, Sesyidvis wyaros marcxi da a.S., SesaZlebelia daabrkolos
an SeuZlebeli gaxados valdebulebis Sesruleba. magaliTad, Sesru-
lebis SeuZlebloba SeiZleba gamoiwvios konkretuli sagnis ganadgu-
rebam (Destruction of a Subject Matter);297 movalis sikvdilma an qmeduuna-
rod gaxdomam (Death or Disability298) im xelSekrulebebSi, romlebic val-
debulebis piradad Sesrulebas iTvaliswineben (Personal Contracts);299
xelSekrulebis sagnis miuwvdomlobam (Unavailability of the Subject Matter
of the Performance);300 miwodebis gansazRvruli wyaros marcxma (Failure of
a Particular Source);301 bunebrivma katastrofebma (Natural Disasters), gafic-
vam, lokautma, boikotma, Sromis procesis Sewyvetam (Boycotts, Strikes,
295 ix. magaliTad, Ssk-is (Swiss Code of Obligations, English Translation of the Official Text, Zurich,
1992) 97-e, 119-e muxlebi; isk-is (Codice Civile Italiano, 1942) 1256 (1), 1463-e-1465-e muxlebi;
esk-is (Código Civil español, 1889) 1182-e muxli; fsk (French Civil Code, Translated by Rouhette G.
with the assistance of Rouhette-Berton A., 2006) Sesrulebis SeuZleblobaSi mxolod
gayiduli saqonlis daRupvis SemTxvevas moiazrebs (1302-e muxli).
<http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/ 2008/ 39.pdf>, [19.07.2014].

297 Restatement (second) of Contracts, American Law Institute (ALI), §263, 1981; Brunner Ch., Force
Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International
Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, the Netherlands, 2009, 91, Semdgomi miTiTebiT: Treitel
G.H., The Law of Contract, 10th ed., London, 1999, 811; Treitel G.H., Frustration and Force Majeure, 2nd ed.,
London, 2004, Ch.3.
298 Mullen v. Wafer 480S.W.2d. 332 (ark.1972), miTiTebulia: Farnsworth E. A., Farnsworth on
Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, New York, 2004, 626.
299 magaliTad, Sromis xelSekruleba, warmomadgenloba. Restatement (second) of Contracts,
American Law Institute (ALI), §263, 1981; Treitel G.H., Frustration and Force Majeure, 2nd ed., London, 2004, 4-
016 da Semdgomi gverdebi.
300 xelSekrulebis sagnis miuwvdomlobis magaliTad SeiZleba dasaxeldes
gayiduli saqonlis rekviziciis SemTxveva. ix. Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under
International BV, the Netherlands, 2009, 91, Semdgomi miTiTebiT: Treitel G.H., Frustration and Force
Majeure, 2nd ed., London, 2004, 4-002 da Semdgomi gverdebi.
301 Restatement (second) of Contracts, American Law Institute (ALI), §263, 1981. magaliTad, Tu
Sesyiduli saqonlis importi SeuZlebeli gaxdeba omis, bunebrivi katastrofebis
an eqsportis akrZalvis gamo. ix. Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract
Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, the
Netherlands, 2009, 91, Semdgomi miTiTebebiT: Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 10th ed., London,
1999, 814; Treitel G.H., Frustration and Force Majeure, 2nd ed., London, 2004, 4-041.
70
Lock-outs, Work-stoppages);302Sesrulebis xerxis SeuZleblobam (Impossibililty
of the Method of Performance).303 xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom ganxorci-
elebulma sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebma304 SeiZleba gamoiwvios Sesru-
lebis samarTlebrivi SeuZlebloba (Legal Impossibility, Supervening Illega-
lity).305
valdebulebis Sesrulebis sakiTxi saWiroebs gadawyvetas, ro-
desac kontrahentebs Secvlili garemoebebis warmoSobis SemTxvevi-
saTvis winaswari saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT ar daudgeniaT e.w.
forsmaJoruli daTqmebi.306 am SemTxvevaSi mxareTa neba dgindeba xel-
Sekrulebis ganmartebis safuZvelze xarvezis Sevsebis gziT.307 for-
smaJoruli daTqmebisa da xelSekrulebis ganmartebis garda saWiro
2012, 658; DiMatteo L.A., The Law of International Contracting, Kluwer Law International, The Hague,
London, Boston, 2000, 57.
303 sasamarTlom ganixila saqme Nicholl & Knight v. Ashton Edridge &Co (ix. Treitel G.H., The
Law of Contract, 10th ed., London, 1999, 818), romlis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Tanaxmad,
xelSekruleba iTvaliswinebda ianvris TveSi qalaq aleqsandriidan bambis mar-
cvleulis miwodebas gem òrlandos~ meSveobiT. xomaldi baltiis zRvis napirze
gairiya da ianvris TveSi aleqsandriamde miRweva ver SeZlo. sasamarTlom
xelSekrulebis ganmartebis safuZvelze daadgina, rom valdebuleba mxareTa mier
SeTanxmebuli wesis zusti dacviT unda Sesrulebuliyo (saqonlis gamogzavna unda
momxdariyo qalaq aleqsandriidan).
Boston, 2000, 57.

305Abbot of Westmister v Clerke, 73 Eng. Rep. 59, 63 (K.B.1536) miTiTebulia: Farnsworth E. A.,
Farnsworth on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, New York, 2004, 626. Restatement (Second) of
Contracts, American Law Institute (ALI), §264, 1981; Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under
International BV, the Netherlands, 2009, Semdgomi miTiTebiT: McKendrick E., Chitty on Contracts, The
Law of Contracts, Vol.1, General Principles, Chapter 24, Discharge by Frustration, London , 1999, 24-021.
306 forsmaJoruli daTqmebi umTavresad gamoiyeneba inglisur samarTalSi, radgan
angloamerikuli xelSekrulebebi mniSvnelovnad detalizebuli pirobebiT
xasiaTdeba kontinenturi qveynebis xelSekrulebebisgan gansxvavebiT. aRniSnuli
ganpirobebulia gadawyvetilebiT saqmeze: Paradine v. Jane, English Rep. 897 [K.B. 1647], ix.
wignSi: Beale H., Kötz H., Hartkamp A., Tallon D.(eds.), Cases Materials and Text on Contract Law, Hart
Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2002, 608; aseve ix.: Force Majeure and the Performance
Excuse: A Review of the English Doctrine of Frustration and Article 2-615 of the Uniform Commercial Code,
2010, 4, 9, <http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/gateway/?news=30853>, [17.07.2014]; Rösler H., Hardship in
German Codified Private Law – In Comparative Perspective to English, French and International Contract
Law, Kluwer Law International BV/Printed in Netherlands, Eur. Rev. of Prv. L., Vol. 15, No. 4, 2007, Vol.
15, No. 4, 2007, 483, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1154004>, [17.07.2014]; Tallon
D., Clauses Dealing with Supervening Events, wignSi: Beale H., Kötz H., Hartkamp A., Tallon D.(eds.),
Cases Materials and Text on Contract Law, Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2002, 639; Werner
M., Force Majeure and Hardship Clauses in International Commercial Contracts in View of the Practices of
the ICC Court of Arbitration, J.Int'l Arb., Vol. 1, 1984, <http://trans-lex.org/126600>, [17.07.2014]; Trakman
L.E., Declaring Force Majeure: Veracity or Sham? Un. of New South Wales, 2007,
<http://works.bepress.com/leon_trakman/4>, [17.07.2014]; Draetta U., Hardship and Force Majeure Clauses
in International Contracts, RDAI/IBLJ, No. 3/4, 2002, 347.
307 Ergänzende Vertragsbedingung.
71
xdeba sxva samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis gamoyeneba Secvlili garemoebe-
bis problemis gadasaWrelad.
reformamdeli gsk-iT detalurad ganmtkicebuli Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobis koncefcia efuZneboda fridrih momzenis (Friedrich Mom-
msen) doqtrinas, romelic ganasxvavebda sawyisi da Semdgomi, absolu-
turi da fardobiTi, obieqturi da subieqturi,308 bunebrivi da samar-
Tlebrivi, mudmivi da droebiTi, sruli da nawilobrivi Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobis saxeebs. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis TiToeuli zemoxse-
nebuli kategoria SeiZleba obieqturad warmoiSvas ama Tu im faqtob-
rivi garemoebis safuZvelze.309
reformamdeli gsk-is 306-e paragrafis moqmedeba vrceldeboda
sawyis absolutur SeuZleblobaze da afuZnebda garigebis baTilo-
bas.310 xolo gsk-is 275-e paragrafi awesrigebda xelSekrulebis dade-
bis Semdgom aRmocenebuli absoluturi SeuZleblobis SemTxvevas.
reformis safuZvelze gauqmda sawyisi da subieqturi SeuZleb-
lobis maregulirebeli debulebebi da gsk-is 275-e paragrafs daemata
Sesrulebis garTulebis momwesrigebeli normebi.311
reformamdeli mowesrigebisgan gansxvavebiT, gsk-is axali 275-e I
paragrafi aerTianebs da aTanabrebs subieqtur da obieqtur SeuZleb-
lobas,312 romelTa arsebobisas iTvaliswinebs movalis Sesrulebis
valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebas.313 subieqturi SeuZlebloba gu-
lisxmobs obieqturad ganxorcielebadi Sesrulebis SeuZleblobas
mxolod konkretuli movalisaTvis. obieqturi SeuZleblobisas val-
debulebis Sesruleba fizikurad ganuxorcielebelia ara mxolod
xelSekrulebis konkretuli mxarisaTvis, aramed nebismieri pirisaT-
vis.314
308 Chechelashvili Z., Introduction to the Georgian Business Law, Textbook, GIZ, Tb., 2013, 131.

[17.07.2014].
Perspective of a Portuguese Lawyer, EJCL, Vol. 11.4, 2007, 1, <http://www.ejcl. org/114/art114-2.pdf>,
[17.07.2014].
312 Zimmermann R., Remedies for Non-performance. The Revised German Law of Obligations, Viewed
against the Background of the Principles of European Contract Law, Edin.L.R., Vol.6, 2002, 281,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/edinlr6&div=28&g_sent=1&collection=journals>,
[17.07.2014].
313 movalis an nebismieri sxva piris mier valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba
gamoricxavs valdebulebis Sesrulebis moTxovnis arsebobas. ix. gsk-is (German Civil

Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesministerium der Justiz, Juris GmbH, Saarbrücken, 2005) §275 I.
314 ix.: Goldman A.J., Sigismond W.D., Business Law and Practices, 8th ed., South-Western College/West, 2010,
217; Pizer L.K., Smith M.R. (eds in Chief), Southerington T., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the
72
venis konvenciis 79-e, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis
7.1.7-e da evropuli principebis 8:108-e muxlebi ganamtkicebs movalis
mier dabrkolebis Tavidan acilebis an misi daZlevis valdebulebas,
miuxedavad imisa, dabrkoleba Tavad Sesrulebas ukavSirdeba Tu mo-
valis pirovnebas.315 subieqturi SeuZleblobis arsebobisas movales
dabrkolebis daZleva SeuZlia Sesrulebis mesame pirisaTvis goniv-
rul fasad gadandobis gziT. Tu gonivrul fasad mesame piris mier
Sesruleba SeuZlebelia, maSin gamoyenebul unda iqnes ukiduresi
garTulebis momwesrigebeli normebi.316 amrigad, Sesrulebis subieq-
turi SeuZlebloba ar unda iqnes gsk-is 275-e I paragrafSi moazrebu-
li.317
amrigad, gsk-is 275-e I paragrafis moqmedeba (Sesrulebis val-
debulebisagan ganTavisufleba) vrceldeba obieqturi da subieqturi,
sawyisi da Semdgomi, nawilobrivi da sruli Sesrulebis SeuZleblo-
bis saxeebze.318 aRniSnuli normiT ganmtkicebuli Sesrulebis SeuZ-
leblobis saxeebi warmoSobs xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebas. Se-
sabamisad, ar qmnis Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misa-
dagebis safuZvels. xolo Sesrulebis garTulebis SemTxvevebi, rode-
sac Sesruleba obieqturad ganxorcielebadi rCeba, mowesrigebulia
gsk-is 275-e II da 313-e paragrafebiT.319
Tu gsk-is 275-e I paragrafi awesrigebs Sesrulebis absolutur
SeuZleblobas, II da III nawilebi eTmoba fardobiTi SeuZleblobis
regulirebas, romelic aerTianebs praqtikuli SeuZleblobisa (§275
2004, 257.
315 Stoll H., Commentary on Article 79, miTiTebulia: Schlechtriem P. (ed.), Commentary on the UN
Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), 2nd ed., 1998, 612: `rogorc wesi, movales
valdebulebis SeTanxmebuli SinaarsiT Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad moeTxoveba
dabrkolebis daZleva im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac es mniSvnelovnad did danaxarjebs
an ekonomikur danakargs ukavSirdeba~. Flechtner H., Article 79 of the United Nations Convention
on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) as Rorschach Test: The Homeward Trend and
Exemption for Delivering Non-Conforming Goods, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 19, Issue 1, 4-1-2007, 31, 32, 39,
48,
<http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr/vol19/iss1/3>, [17.07.2014].
Perspective of a Portuguese Lawyer, EJCL, Vol. 11.4, December 2007, 10, <http://www.ejcl.org/114/art114-
2.pdf>, [19.07.2014].

[19.07.2014].
73
II)320 da moraluri, eTikuri, piradi SeuZleblobis (§275 III)321 saxe-
ebs.322 pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba SesaZlebelia moTxovnil
iqnes im SemTxvevaSic, Tu movales gaumarTlebelia moeTxovos Sesru-
leba eTikuri mizezebis gaTvaliswinebiT. magaliTad, Tu gamyidveli-
saTvis cnobilia, rom myidveli Sesrulebis sagans gamoiyenebs bio-
logiuri an qimiuri iaraRis warmoebisaTvis an iseTi miznebisaTvis,
romlisTvisac saqoneli eqvemdebareba konfiskacias myidveli saxel-
mwifos mxridan. zemoaRniSnuli safuZvliT SesaZlebelia ganxorci-
eldes movalisaTvis xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmis uflebis miniWe-
bac.323
fardobiTi SeuZlebloba ar gamoricxavs Sesrulebis SesaZ-
leblobas, is mxolod uflebas aniWebs movales uari Tqvas Sesru-
lebaze.
gsk-is 275-e II paragrafi ganamtkicebs Sesrulebis praqtikul
SeuZleblobas (faktische an praktische Unmöglichkeit/Practical Impossibility), rom-
lis drosac valdebuleba marTalia, obieqturad ganxorcielebadia,
magram misi Sesruleba aragonivrulia, ramdenadac kreditoris Ses-
rulebis interesTan SefardebiT Seusabamod did xarjebs ukavSirde-
ba. xelSekrulebis mboWavi Zalis gansazRvrisas Sesrulebis xarje-
bis sidide da dabrkolebis gadalaxvis sirTule ar SeiZleba abso-
luturi mniSvnelobiT ganimartos. igi SeiZleba Sefasebul iqnes
mxolod kreditoris Sesrulebis interesis gaTvaliswinebiT.324
gsk-is 275-e II paragrafi gamoiyeneba mkacrad gansazRvrul Sem-
TxvevaSi: Tu saxezea SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli xarjebisa da kre-
320 movales SeuZlia uari ganacxados valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, Tu igi

dakavSirebulia iseT xarjebTan, rac, xelSekrulebis sagnisa da keTilsindisi-
erebis principis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovnad Seusabamoa Sesrulebisadmi kredi-
toris saxelSekrulebo interesisa. imis gansazRvrisaTvis, Tu ra Zalisxmeva SeiZ-
leba moeTxovos movales, gasaTvaliswinebelia misi brali Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
lobis gamomwvev dabrkolebaSi. ix. gsk-is (German Civil Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch,
Bundesministerium der Justiz, Juris GmbH, Saarbrücken, 2005) §275 III.
321 movales, romelmac valdebuleba piradad unda Seasrulos, SeuZlia uari
ganacxados Sesrulebaze, Tu, kreditoris Sesrulebis interesisa da Sesrulebis
mimarT arsebuli dabrkolebis urTierTSefardebis gaTvaliswinebiT, movales ara-
gonivrulia moeTxovos valdebulebis Sesruleba. ix. gsk-is (German Civil Code -
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesministerium der Justiz, Juris GmbH, Saarbrücken, 2005) §275 III.
322 Zimmermann R., Remedies for Non-performance. The Revised German Law of Obligations, Viewed
against the Background of the Principles of European Contract Law, Edin.L.R., Vol. 6, 2002, 271-314,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/edinlr6&div=28&g_sent=1&collection=journals>,
[19.07.2014].

performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, the Netherlands, 2009, 82-83.
74
ditoris interesebis aSkara disbalansi,325 rodesac vercerTi gonieri
kreditori ver daayenebs Sesrulebis moTxovnas.326 gsk-is 275-e III pa-
ragrafi ganamtkicebs Sesrulebis pirad SeuZleblobas da vrcelde-
ba momsaxurebisa da SromiT xelSekrulebebze, romlebic valdebule-
bis piradad Sesrulebas iTvaliswineben. magaliTad, Sesrulebis val-
debulebisagan SeiZleba ganTavisufldes operis momRerali, romlis
bavSvi sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi avadmyofobiT aris daavadebuli.327
3.8.2. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi
kontrahentTa umTavresi samarTlebrivi interesi SeTanxmebuli

pirobebiT xelSekrulebis Sesrulebaa.328 mniSvnelovania, Tu samar-
Tlebrivi sistema saxelSekrulebo interesis dakmayofilebis ra
formebs sTavazobs dazaralebul mxares Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis
arsebobisas.
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis doqtrinis Tanaxmad, movale Tavi-
sufldeba saxelSekrulebo boWvisa da zianis anazRaurebis valdebu-
lebisgan, Tu Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba, romelic movalis braleul
(ganzrax an gaufrTxilebel) qmedebas (moqmedebas an umoqmedobas) ar
miewereba, warmoiSva xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg. sinalagmaturi
xelSekrulebebis ormxrivi bunebidan gamomdinare, arabraleuli Ses-
rulebis SeuZlebloba, rogorc movalis Sesrulebis valdebulebis-
gan ganTavisuflebis safuZveli, iwvevs kontrahentis ganTavisufle-
bas sanacvlo saxelSekrulebo valdebulebisgan (ormxrivi ganTavi-
sufleba).329
Tu Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba valdebulebis mxolod nawilze
vrceldeba, maSin meore xelSemkvreli mxaris sanacvlo valdebule-
bisgan ganTavisufleba damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad SeiZleba
hqondes kreditors nawilobrivi Sesrulebis miRebis interesi. Sesa-
bamisad, sanacvlo ganTavisufleba SeiZleba gavrceldes sanacvlo
325 Oliveira N.M.P., The German Act to Modernize the Law of Obligations as a Model for the Europeanization of
Lawyer, EJCL, Vol. 11. 4, December 2007, 3, <http://www.ejcl.org/114/art114-2.pdf>, [19.07.2014].
326 Volker E., Das Recht der Leistungsstörungen 37 (5th ed., 2003), miTiTebulia: Oliveira N.M.P., The
German Act to Modernize the Law of Obligations as a Model for the Europeanization of Contract Law? The
New Rules Regarding Impossibility of Performance from the Perspective of a Portuguese Lawyer, EJCL, Vol.
11.4, December 2007, 3, <http://www.ejcl.org/114/art114-2.pdf >, [19.07.2014].
328 Lindström N., Changed Circumstances and Hardship in the International Sale of Goods, NJCL, Issue 1,
2006, No. 1, 2, <http://www.njcl.fi/1_2006/commentary1.pdf>, [19.07.2014].

75
Sesrulebis valdebulebaze srulad an SeuZlebeli Sesrulebis pro-
porciulad.
droebiTi SeuZleblobisas, sanacvlo Sesruleba ar SeiZleba
moTxovnil iqnes Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis arsebobis manZilze. mud-
mivi Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba iwvevs xelSemkvrel mxareTa saboloo
ganTavisuflebas urTierTsanacvlo valdebulebebisgan.330
gansakuTrebiT rTulia Sesrulebis absoluturi da fardobi-
Ti, obieqturi da subieqturi SeuZleblobis gamijvna valdebulebis
Sesrulebisagan movalis ganTavisuflebis niSniT. magaliTad, Sesru-
lebis valdebulebisagan ganTavisufleba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes
ara mxolod absoluturi (obieqturi), aramed fardobiTi (subieqtu-
ri) SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSic. amrigad, absoluturi da fardobiTi
SeuZleblobis gamijvna, Sedegis TvalsazrisiT, azrs moklebulia.331
Sesrulebis praqtikuli SeuZleblobisas xelSekrulebis mbo-
Wavi Zala ganisazRvreba mxareTa braleulobis gaTvaliswinebiT da
valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riskis gadanawilebis mixedviT.
3.8.3. praqtikuli da ekonomikuri (Sesrulebis garTuleba)

SeuZleblobis Tanafardoba
germanuli doqtrina ganasxvavebs Sesrulebis praqtikul SeuZ-

leblobas (faktische an praktische Unmöglichkeit) ekonomikuri SeuZleblobis-
gan (wirtschaftlische Unmöglichkeit). es ukanaskneli ar regulirdeba gsk-is
275-e II paragrafiT, aramed mas awesrigebs gsk-is 313-e paragrafi, ro-
melic konceftualurad gansxvavebul – Secvlil garemoebebTan
(Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage) (“Interference with the Basis of the Transaction“) da-
kavSirebul Sesrulebis garTulebis problematikas Seexeba. gsk-is
313-e paragrafis moqmedebis farglebi gacilebiT farToa da moicavs
Sesrulebis gansakuTrebul garTulebas, rodesac gamoiricxeba praq-
tikuli SeuZleblobis SemTxveva.332 ekonomikuri SeuZleblobisas
valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZleblobas ekonomikuri resursebis
330 Gareth J., Schlechtriem P., Breach of Contract (Deficiencies in a Party’s Performance), International
Encyclopedia of Comparative Law, Vol. VII (Contracts in General), Chapter 15, Tübingen, 1999, Parag. 163,
103, miTiTebulia: Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exem-
ption for Non-performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, the Netherlands, 2009,
80.
331 Treitel G.H., Frustration and Force Majeure, 2 nd ed., London, 2004, 3-003, miTiTebulia: Brunner
Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in
International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, the Netherlands, 2009, 88.
332 Oliveira N.M.P., The German Act to Modernize the Law of Obligations as a Model for the Europeanization of
Lawyer, EJCL, Vol. 11.4, December 2007, 3, <http://www.ejcl.org/114/art114-2.pdf >, [10.02.2014].
76
nakleboba ganapirobebs.333ekonomikuri SeuZleblobisas valdebuleba,
marTalia, movalisaTvis ukiduresad mZimea Sesasruleblad, magram es
sirTule ar aris kreditoris Sesrulebis interesTan mniSvnelovnad
Seusabamo (araproporciuli). magaliTad, xelSekrulebis dadebis Sem-
deg Tu gayiduli nivTis fasi 100-jer gaizrdeba, amiT, marTalia,
valdebuleba ukiduresad damZimdeba, magram kreditoris Sesrulebis
interesic gayiduli nivTis fasis Sesabamisad gaizrdeba.334 bunebrivi-
a, am SemTxvevaSi gamyidvels eqneba safuZvliani interesi, nivTis sa-
nacvlod miiRos misi sabazro Rirebulebis Sesatyvisi fasi.
amdenad, ekonomikuri SeuZleblobis arsebobisas kreditoris
Sesrulebis interessa da movalisaTvis Sesrulebis sirTules Soris
Seusabamoba ar arsebobs – ramdenadac rTulia valdebulebis Sesrule-
ba movalisaTvis, imdenad mniSvnelovania amgvari Sesrulebis miReba
uflebamosili pirisaTvis. kreditoris Sesrulebis interesi Seesabame-
ba nivTis sabazro fass da ara xelSekrulebis sawyis fass. movalis pa-
suxismgeblobisagan ganTavisufleba ganisazRvreba imisda mixedviT, da-
culia Tu ara gsk-is 313-e paragrafis winapirobebi.335
gsk-is 275 II (1) paragrafi, ganamtkicebs ra Sesrulebis praqti-
kul, faqtobriv SeuZleblobas, aTavisuflebs movales Sesrulebis
valdebulebisgan, romelic aragonivrulad did danaxarjebs ukavSir-
deba, xolo SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli Zalisxmeva, valdebulebis
arsisa da keTilsindisierebis principis gaTvaliswinebiT, mniSvne-
lovnad Seusabamoa kreditoris saxelSekrulebo interesisa. am dros
xdeba valdebulebis Sesrulebis mimarT warmoSobili dabrkolebisa
da kreditoris saxelSekrulebo interesis urTierTSefardeba.336 mo-
cemul SemTxvevaSi gasaTvaliswinebelia movalis brali dabrkolebis
warmoSobaSi.
praqtikuli SeuZleblobis klasikuri magaliTia cnobili saqme
beWdis nasyidobis Sesaxeb,337 rodesac xelSekrulebis sagani myidveli-
saTvis gadacemamde Cavarda tbaSi da CaiZira. vinaidan tbis daSroba
obieqturad SesaZlebelia, mocemul SemTxvevaSi ar warmoiSoba Sesru-
lebis absoluturi SeuZlebloba (§275 I). vinaidan beWdis Rirebuleba
2004, 258.
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[10.02.2014].
336 Grundmann S., Germany and the Schuldrechtsmodernisierung, 2002, ERCL, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2005, 129,
135.
337 ix. Zimmermann R., Breach of Contract and Remedies under the New German Law of Obligations, Saggi,
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[10.02.2014].
77
100-jer naklebia tbis daSrobis xarjebTan SedarebiT, SesrulebisaT-
vis aucilebeli Zalisxmeva da xarjebi mniSvnelovnad araproporciu-
lia TviT beWdis Rirebulebisa da Sesrulebisadmi kreditoris ucvle-
li interesisa. am SemTxvevaSi valdebulebis Sesrulebis moTxovna, misi
ganxorcielebadobis miuxedavad, aragonivrulia, rameTu dabrkolebis
gadalaxvasTan (tbis amoSrobasTan) dakavSirebuli xarjebi kreditoris
Sesrulebis interess 100-jer aRemateba.
movalis zedmeti da usafuZvlo danaxarjebis Tavidan acileba
aris kanonmdeblis ekonomikuri mizani. Sesrulebis valdebuleba gamoi-
ricxeba, Tu saamisod aucilebeli xarjebi mniSvnelovnad aRemateba
xelSekrulebis sargeblianobas. swored xelSekrulebis sargebliano-
biT fasdeba xelSekrulebis mboWavi Zalis ganmsazRvreli ,,gonivrulo-
bis~ kriteriumi.338
1973 wels navTobis importiorma kompaniam, arsebuli krizisis
gaTvaliswinebiT, uari ganacxada qalaqisaTvis navTobis miwodebaze im
safuZvliT, rom misTvis Sesruleba SeTanxmebul saxelSekrulebo fa-
sad aragonivruli iyo. germaniis federalurma uzenaesma sasamarTlom
(BGH) warmoSobili finansuri zaralis mimarT braleulad miiCnia kom-
pania, romelmac ar Seisyida garkveuli raodenobis navTobi maragis
akumulirebis mizniT, ar miiRo mosalodneli cvlilebebis Tavidan
acilebisaTvis aucilebeli zomebi. amasTanave, xelSekruleba ganamtki-
cebda fiqsirebul saxelSekrulebo fasebs, rac mxareebs akisrebda sa-
bazro fasebis cvlilebaTa risks. mocemul SemTxvevaSi gamoiricxa
Secvlili garemoebisadmi xelSekrulebis rogorc misadageba, aseve mi-
si Sewyveta garemoebaTa cvlilebis winaswar gaTvaliswinebisa da maTi
Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobis safuZvliT, radgan Secvlili garemo-
ebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis an saxelSekrulebo boWvisagan
ganTavisuflebis samarTlebrivi winapirobaa mxareTa mier xelSekrule-
bis dadebis etapze gonivrulad arasavaraudo, gauTvaliswinebeli ga-
remoebaTa cvlileba.339
navTobis krizisis Sesaxeb zemoganxilul saqmeSi movalis Ses-
rulebis valdebuleba ar gamoiricxeba gsk-is 275 II paragrafis sa-
15, No. 4, 2007, 494, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1154004>, [10.02.2014]; Posner
R.A., Rosenfield A.M., Impossibility and Related Doctrines in Contract Law: An Economic Analysis, J. Legal
Stud., Published by: The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 6, No. 1, 83-118,
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/724191.pdf?acceptTC=true>, [10.02.2014]; Kovač M., Comparative
Contract Law and and Economics (New Horizons in Law and Economics Series), Edward Elgar Pub., August
30, 2011, 259-292; Kessedjian C., Competing Approaches to Force Majeure and Hardship, Int'l Rev. L. &
Econ, Vol. 25, 2005, 415-431, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/kessedjian.html>, [10.02.2014].
<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1542511>, [10.02.2014]; Ciematniece I., Contract

Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation in International
Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2010, 10.
78
fuZvelze, radgan Sesyidvis fasis mkveTrma cvlilebam gamoiwvia
myidvelis saxelSekrulebo interesis, saxelSekrulebo sargeblis
sanacvlo gazrda, vinaidan kreditors navTobis sxva wyarodan Ses-
yidvis SemTxvevaSi mouwevs mniSvnelovnad maRali fasis gadaxda, xo-
lo SeTanxmebul Tavdapirvel fasad Sesyiduli navTobis Semdgomi
realizaciis SemTxvevaSi, miiRebs mniSvnelovan sargebels. vinaidan,
arsebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT ar arsebobs Ri-
rebulebisa da sargeblianobis mniSvnelovani Seusabamoba, movales
ekisreba valdebulebis Sesruleba saamisod aucilebeli Zalisxmevis
miuxedavad.340
amrigad, gsk-is 275-e II (1) paragrafi ar vrceldeba SemTxvevaze,
rodesac did xarjebTan dakavSirebul movalis saxelSekrulebo
valdebulebas Seesabameba kreditoris Sesrulebis interesis sanac-
vlo, simetriuli zrda. gsk-is 313-e paragrafi moiTxovs mxareTa inte-
resebis urTierTmimarTebis analizs moraluri, finansuri Tu ojaxu-
ri sakiTxebis TvalsazrisiT. gsk-is 275-e II (1) paragrafi ki valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebis gonivrulobis gansazRvris kriteriumad kredito-
ris saxelSekrulebo interess awesebs da afasebs mas movalis Sesru-
lebis RirebulebasTan SefardebiT.
sabolood, gsk-is 275-e II paragrafi gamosayenebelia im Sem-
TxvevebSi, rodesac urTierTsanacvlo Sesruleba ekonomikuri Tval-
sazrisiT gaumarTlebelia, ramdenadac xarjebi aRemateba sargeblia-
nobas. maSin rodesac, gsk-is 313-e paragrafi SesaZlebelia gamoyene-
bul iqnes im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ormxrivi Sesruleba usamarTloa, vinai-
dan Sesrulebis fasi gacilebiT dabalia da ar Seesatyviseba Sesru-
lebis Rirebulebas.341 gsk-is 275-e II paragrafisaTvis amosavali prin-
cipi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis mimarT kreditoris
interesia, xolo gsk-is 313-e paragrafi orientirebulia movalis in-
teresze – uari Tqvas arasasurvel Sesrulebaze.
zemoxsenebuli paragrafebis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi SesaZle-
belia identuri iyos. kerZod, Tu mxares ar SeiZleba moeTxovos uc-
vleli pirobebiT valdebulebis Sesruleba, mxare uflebamosilia
gsk-is 346-e paragrafis ZaliT, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi
moTxovnis ufleba aamoqmedos mas Semdeg, rac gamoiricxeba xelSek-
rulebis adaptaciis SesaZlebloba an gonivruloba, misi priorite-
tuli mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare. xelSekrulebis koreqtirebis uar-
yofiTi Sedegebi orive mxarisaTvis Tanabrad nawildeba saxelSekru-
lebo wonasworobisa da interesTa Tanafardobis uzrunvelyofis
mizniT.
Vol. 15, No. 4, 2007, 494-495, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id= 1154004>, [10.02.2014].
341 iqve.
79
4. konceftualurad gansxvavebuli franguli samarTlebrivi sistema
kontinenturi evropis qveynebs Soris franguli da belgiuri

samarTali yvelaze naklebad iziarebs Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
xelSekrulebis misadagebis doqtrinas.342
istoriulad franguli kerZo samarTali ar cnobda Secvlili
garemoebebis gavlenas xelSekrulebis mboWav Zalaze im saxiT, rom
mxares ufleba hqonoda moeTxova Secvlili garemoebis gavleniT uki-
duresad garTulebuli Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan ganTavisufle-
ba.
mogvianebiT aRiarebul iqna, rom Secvlili garemoebebi ufro
xSirad grZelvadian urTierTobebTan mimarTebiT aRmocendeba da iw-
vevs sanacvlo ufleba-movaleobebis disbalanss.343 Secvlil garemoe-
baTa pirobebSi xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis sakiTxis mosawesrigeb-
lad ganviTarda koncefcia “imprévision”344, romelic moiazrebs gauTva-
liswinebeli garemoebis ZaliT garTulebul, erT-erTi mxarisaTvis
ukiduresad damZimebul, magram obieqturad jer kidev ganxorciele-
bad valdebulebas. aRniSnuli cneba arsobrivad gansxvavdeba fsk-
is345 1147-e da 1148-e muxlebiT ganmtkicebuli forsmaJorisagan, ro-
gorc Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobisagan, romelic gamo-
ricxavs rogorc Sesrulebis, aseve zianis anazRaurebis valdebule-
bas.
zemoaRniSnuli koncefciebi gansxvavdebian rogorc arsobri-
vad, aseve Tanamdevi samarTlebrivi SedegebiT: Tu forsmaJori iwvevs
rogorc Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan, ise zianis anazRaurebis
valdebulebisagan ganTavisuflebas, Sesrulebis garTuleba _ “im-
prévision” mxareTa mier molaparakebis, xelSekrulebis gadasinjvisa da
sasamarTlos mier Secvlili garemoebebisadmi kontraqtis misadage-
bis valdebulebas aRmoacenebs.346
342 Draetta U., Lake R B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation on International Contracts, An Introduction to
343 mxareTa urTierTsanacvlo uflebamovaleobebiT datvirTuli ormxrivi xelSek-
rulebebi urTerTSesasrulebel valdebulebaTa ekonomikur balanss emyareba,
romelic mxareTa mier maTi nebisa da ganzraxvis Sesabamisd aris formirebuli. Se-
sabamisad, aRniSnuli subieqtur saxelSekrulebo balansad iwodeba.
ix. Karampatzos A., Supervening Hardship as Subdivision of the General Frustration Rule: A Comparative
Analysis with Reference to Anglo-American, German, French and Greek Law, Eur. Rev. Private L., Kluwer
Law International, The Netherlands, Vol.13, No. 2, 2005, 110,
<http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Print?handle=hein.kluwer/erpl0013&div=13&collection=kluwer&set_as_c
ursor=0&men_tab=srchresults>, [10.02.2014].
344
théorie de l’imprévision.
345 French Civil Code, Translated by Rouhette G. with the assistance of Rouhette-Berton A., 2006.
346
Uribe M., The Effect of a Change of Circumstances on the Binding Force of Contracts, Comparative
Perspectives, Ius Commune Europaeum, Intersentia, 2011, 41.
80
frangul samarTalSi mniSvneloba ar eniWeba mxareTa saxel-
Sekrulebo interesebis analizs, Sesabamisad, “imprévision” doqtrina
ar moicavs ,,saxelSekrulebo miznis gaqarwylebis~347 doqtrinis ele-
mentebs348, aramed emijneba mas.
miuxedavad imprévision koncefciis arsebobisa, tradiciuli
franguli doqtrina, rogorc wesi, ar ganixilavs Secvlili garemoe-
bebiT ganpirobebul Sesrulebis damZimebas, rogorc xelSekrulebis
Sewyvetis, molaparakebisa da adaptaciis safuZvels. zemoaRniSnulis
gaTvaliswinebiT franguli samarTlis kvleva mxolod misi arsob-
rivi mimoxilviT amoiwureba.
5. Secvlili garemoebebis samarTlebrivi reglamentacia

angloamerikul samarTalSi
angloamerikuli samarTali ar icnobs terminebs forsmaJori

da Sesrulebis garTuleba.349 Secvlili garemoebebis problematikas-
Tan mimarTebiT moqmedebs xelSekrulebis miznis amaoebisa350 da ko-
merciuli ganuxorcieleblobis351 doqtrinebi.
5.1. xelSekrulebis amaoebis inglisuri doqtrina
5.1.1. xelSekrulebis amaoebis moZRvrebis aRmoceneba
kontinenturi samarTlis sistema braleuli pasuxismgeblobis

principis mimdevaria,352 xolo angloamerikul samarTalSi, kontinen-
turi samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT, moqmedebs mkacri pasuxismgeblobis
principi,353 romlis safuZvelzec saerTo samarTali yvela saxelSek-
rulebo pirobas garantiis Zalas aniWebs. Tumca, movalis pasuxis-
mgebloba absoluturi ar aris da is SeiZleba SeizRudos mxareTa
mier dadgenili e.w. forsmaJoruli daTqmebiT,354 romelic TiTqmis
347 frustration of purpose.
348 Uribe M., The Effect of a Change of Circumstances on the Binding Force of Contracts, Comparative
Perspectives, Ius Commune Europaeum, Intersentia, 2011, 41.
349
Perillo J., Hardship and Its Impact on Contractual Obligations: A Comparative Analysis, Roma, 1996, 1,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo4.html>, [10.02.2014].
350
Frustration of Purpose.
351
Commercial Impracticability.
2012, 650.
353 Scott R. E., In (Partial) Defense of Strict Liability in Contract, Columbia Law and Economics Working
Paper No. 341, Mich. L. Rev., Vol. 107, 2009,

ivlisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010. aRniSnul saqmeSi mxareebma saxelSekrulebo
SeTanxmebiT gansazRvres, rom isini droebiT Tavisufldebodnen pasuxismgeblobi-
sagan xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis Seusruleblobisas
81
yvela samarTlis sistemisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.355 am SemTxveva-
Si kontrahentebi TviT xelSekrulebaSi uTiTeben im garemoebaTa Se-
saxeb, romelTa arseboba iwvevs maT ganTavisuflebas pasuxismgeblo-
bisagan.356 aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT, umniSvnelovanesia saxelSekru-
lebo SeTanxmebiT forsmaJoris samarTlebrivi Sedegebis detaluri
gansazRvra mxareTa mier.357 forsmaJoruli daTqmis moqmedebis
farglebis dadgena SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes im movlenebis Sez-
Ruduli CamonaTvalis an konkretuli aRwerilobis358 gansazRvriT,
romlebic pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis winapiroba unda
gaxdes valdebulebis Sesrulebis dabrkolebisas an SeuZleblobi-
sas.359 Tu mxareTa interesi pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis
farTo SesaZleblobebis miniWebaa, kontrahentTa miznis Sesabamisad,
SesaZlebelia aseve, dabrkolebaTa zogadi xasiaTis gansazRvra
movlenaTa konkretuli CamonaTvalis nacvlad.
sagarantio pasuxismgebloba saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT
ganmtkicebuli pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxveli garemoebebis garda,
SeiZleba SeizRudos e.w. xelSekrulebis amaoebis doqtriniT, romlis
ganviTarebas dasabami daudo saqmem Teilori qeldvelis winaaRmdeg -
Taylor v. Caldwell.360 am saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT sasamarTlom
forsmaJoruli garemoebebis moqmedebis periodSi, Tu isini gamowveuli iqneboda

gadauxalavi Zalis gavleniT.
Boston, 2000, 54.

samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawi-
li, Tb., 2001, 374.
Boston, 2000, 54.
358ix. magaliTad, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da ga-
kotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2000 wlis 28 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: 3k-310-2000.
aRniSnul gadawyvetilebaSi ganmartebuli xelSekrulebiT konkretulad gani-
sazRvra avariuli situacia forsmaJorul, e.i. pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxav gare-
moebad.
359
UNCITRAL – Legal Guide on Drawing Up International Contracts for the Construction of Industrial
Works, Prepared by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, United Nations, New York,
A/CN.9/SER.B/2, 1988, 233,
<http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/procurem/construction/Legal_Guide_e.pdf>.
360 ix. (1863)3b & S826, 122 ER 309 (QB). aRniSnul saqmeSi mxareTa bralisagan damouki-
deblad daiwva musikaluri darbazi, romelic koncertis organizebisTvis iyo
gankuTvnili. sasamarTlom gaauqma xelSekrulebis moqmedeba da orive kontrahenti
gaaTavisufla saxelSekrulebo valdebulebisagan. ix. Poole J., Casebook on Contract Law,
9th ed., Online Resource Centre, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008, 565; Farnsworth E.A., Farnsworth
on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, 2004, 627-632; Perillo J., Hardship and Its Impact on Con-
tractual Obligations: A Comparative Analysis, Roma, 1996, 4,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo4.html>; Southerington T., Impossibility of Performance and
Other Excuses in International Trade, 2001, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/southerington.html>;
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82
pirvelad aRiara Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba pasuxismgeblobisgan gan-
Tavisuflebis safuZvlad,361 riTac mniSvnelovnad Seicvala inglisu-
ri samarTlis midgoma Secvlili garemoebebis pirobebSi valdebule-
bis mkacri Sesrulebis mimarT.362 sasamarTlom dasaSvebad da xelSek-
rulebis nagulisxmev pirobad363 miiCnia mxareTa ganTavisufleba pa-
suxismgeblobisgan, Tu xelSekrulebis darRvevamde valdebulebis
Sesruleba movalis bralisagan damoukideblad SeuZlebeli gaxada
magaliTad, individualuri nivTis ganadgurebam.364
Tavdapirvelad, doqtrina viwrod ganimarteboda da pasuxis-
mgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad mxolod Sesrulebis obi-
eqturi SeuZleblobis pirobebSi gamoiyeneboda.365 Tumca, Tayllor v. Cal-
dwell ar iyo absoluturi, fizikuri SeuZleblobis SemTxveva, vinaidan
Sesruleba ganxorcielebadi iyo didi odenobis xarjebis gawevis
SemTxvevaSi.366 amrigad, Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba da ganuxorcieleb-
loba absoluturi pasuxismgeblobis principis gamonaklisad iqna
daSvebuli.367
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, droTa ganmavlobaSi doq-
trinis moqmedeba gafarTovda:368 sasamarTloebi iyenebdnen mas ara
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac valdebulebis Sesruleba xelSek-
rulebis sagnis ganadgurebiT SeuZlebeli xdeboda, aramed rodesac
qarwyldeboda mxareTa mosalodneli saxelSekrulebo interesi da
SeTanxmebis mizani xdeboda amao. miuxedavad imisa, rom valdebulebis
361
Goldberg V.P., Excuse Doctrine: The Eisenberg Uncertainty Principle, J. Legal Analysis, Vol.2, No. 1,
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362 absoluturi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis magaliTad SeiZleba dasaxeldes
saqme _ Paradine v. Jane, English Rep. 897 [K.B. 1647], romelSic gamtkicebuli iyo Secvli-
li garemoebis miuxedavad valdebulebi mkacri dacvis principi. ix. Chen-Wishart M.,
Contract Law, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2008, 386.
363 Implied Terms.
364 Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 9th ed., Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1995, 779; Brunner Ch., Force
Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International
Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 89.
366
Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 9th ed., Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1995, 793.
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83
Sesruleba obieqturad kvlav ganxorcielebadi iyo,369 samarTlianoba
moiTxovda Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan ganTavisuflebas.370
5.1.2. xelSekrulebis amaoebis samarTlebrivi maxasiaTeblebi
xelSekruleba SeiZleba gauqmdes371 xelSekrulebis amaoebis

safuZvliT, Tu xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom aRmocenebuli, pi-
risgan damoukideblad arsebuli gareSe movlena372 fizikurad Tu
ekonomikurad ganuxorcielebels xdis valdebulebis Sesrulebas an
warmoSobs sruliad sxva Sinaarsisa da samarTlebrivi bunebis373
valdebulebas, vidre es xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze iyo mxareTa
mier SeTanxmebuli.374
am SemTxvevaSi unda Sefasdes mniSvnelovnad Seicvala Tu ara
saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis arsi Secvlili garemoebis an arabu-
nebrivi movlenis375 dadgomis Semdeg.376 amisaTvis unda ganisazRvros
Tavdapirveli xelSekrulebis samarTlebrivi buneba da xelSekrule-
bis dadebis etapze arsebuli garemoebani, dadgindes gauTvaliswine-
beli movlenis warmoSobamde arsebuli da mis Semdeg Secvlili val-
debulebis Sinaarsi da orive valdebulebis urTierTSefardebis sa-
fuZvelze ganisazRvros Zireuli gardasaxvis arseboba Tavdapirveli
valdebulebis SinaarsSi.377
Farndsworth E.A., Hazard GS. , Wolfman B. (eds.), Contracts, Examples and Explanations, 3rd ed., Aspen
371 Discharge of a Contract.
Farndsworth E.A., Hazard GS., Wolfman B. (eds.), Contracts, Examples and Explanations, 3rd ed., Aspen
Publishers, New York, 2004, 442; Nachatar J.S., Hussin A.A., Omran A., Frustration of Contract in the
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374 Chen-Wishart M., Contract Law, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2008, 283; McKendrick E., Chitty on
Contracts, The Law of Contracts, Vol.1, General Principles, Chapter 24, Discharge by Frustration, London,
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375 Schwartz A.A., A “Standard Clause Analysis” of the Frustration Doctrine and the Material adverse Change
Clause, Rev., Vol. 57, 2009 - 2010, 22-23,

376 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ixileT gadawyvetileba Davis Contractors LTD v
Fareham Urban District Counsil, [1956] AC 696 (HL).

84
xelSekrulebis amaoebis warmoSobisaTvis SesaZlebelia mniS-
vnelovani iyos Sesrulebis meTodis cvlilebac, Tu konkretuli me-
Todis gamoyeneba sagangebod iyo SeTanxmebuli mxareTa Soris.378
amrigad, xelSekrulebis amaoebas warmoSobs mxareebisgan damo-
ukideblad arsebuli axladaRmocenebuli garemoeba, romelic iwvevs
Zireul cvlilebas saxelSekrulebo garemoebebsa da valdebulebis
SinaarsSi, xelSekrulebis safuZvlis rRvevas379 da amasTan, ar aris
im mxaris braleuli moqmedebis an umoqmedobis Sedegi,380 romelic
iTxovs xelSekrulebis amaoebis safuZvliT pasuxismgeblobisgan ga-
Tavisuflebas.381
xelSekrulebis amaoeba SeiZleba gamoiwvios iseTma garemoe-
bebma, romlebic valdebulebis Sesrulebas xdis SeuZlebels an mniS-
vnelovnad arTulebs mas. umTavresia, rom aRniSnuli iwvevs movali-
saTvis Sesrulebis interesis dakargvas, im saxelSekrulebo mizans
xdis amaos, komerciulad ganuxorcielebels, romelic valdebule-
biTsamarTlebriv urTierTobaSi CarTvis umTavres motivacias warmo-
adgenda.382 magaliTad, Tu xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom aRmocene-
bulma garemoebebma imdenad mniSvnelovnad Seamcires saqonlis, mom-
saxurebisa Tu momsaxurebis saSualebebis Rirebuleba, rom myidvels
aragonivrulia moeTxovos aseTi Sesrulebis miReba da SeTanxmebuli
fasis gadaxda, maSin warmoiSoba xelSekrulebis miznis amaoeba.383
xelSekrulebis miznis amaoebisas SeuZleblobisgan gansxvave-
biT valdebulebis Sesruleba kvlav obieqturad ganxorcielebadia,384
378 ix. gadawyvetileba: Tsakiroglou & Co. LTD v. Noblee Thorl GmbH, [1962] AC 93 (HL).
379 Smith S.A., Contract Theory, McGill University, Oxford University Press, 2007, 372. ix. aseve,
gadawyvetileba, romelmac ganaviTara garigebis safuZvlis rRvevis doqtrina
inglisur samarTalSi: F.A. Tamplin Steamship Co. v. Anglo-Mexican Petroleum Products Co. [1916]
2 A.C. 397, miTiTebulia: Rapsomanikas M. G., Frustration of Contract in International Trade Law and
Comparative Law, Duq. Bus. L.J., Vol. 18, 1979-1980, 556, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/-
rapsomanikas.html#39>, [20.05.2014].
380
ix. gadawyvetileba: Lauritzen AS v Wijsmuller BV, The Super Servant Two, [1990] 1Lloyd’s Rep 1
(CA); aseve, Nachatar J.S., Hussin A.A., Omran A., Frustration of Contract in the Malaysian Construction
Contract Management, IJE, Tome 9, fascicule 3, Hunedoara, Romania, 2011, 86,
<http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=cbc3f99c-b258-4811-9ace-4a8f1729b548%40-
sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=10>, [20.05.2014].
381 McKendrick E., Chitty on Contracts, The Law of Contracts, Vol.1, General Principles, Chapter 24,
Discharge by Frustration, London, 1999, 24-007.

382 Weiskopf N.R., Frustration of Contractual Purpose - Doctrine or Myth? St. John's L. Rev., Vol. 70, Issue 2,
Number 2, Spring 1996, 240,

<http://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1607&context=lawreview>, [20.05.2014].
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 91,
Semdgomi miTiTebebiT: Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 10th ed., London, 1999, 824; Treitel G.H.,
Frustration and Force Majeure, 2nd edn., London, 2004, Ch.7.
384 Kim N., Mistakes, Changed Circumstances and Intent, U. Kan. L. Rev., Vol. 56, 2007-2008, 505,
<http://www.law.ku.edu/sites/law.drupal.ku.edu/files/docs/law_review/v56/Kim_Final.pdf>, [20.05.2014].
85
magram Secvlili garemoebebi sanacvlo valdebulebis Sesrulebis
miRebas yovelgvar Rirebulebas ukargavs kreditorisaTvis385 da amde-
nad, aqarwylebs mis umTavres saxelSekrulebo mizans.386 amasTan, um-
niSvnelovanesia, orive mxare acnobierebdes saxelSekrulebo urTi-
erTobis ZiriTad mizans, romlis ganuxorcielebloba valdebulebis
Sesrulebas ukargavs kontrahentebisaTvis Rirebulebas.387 pirovnuli
motivebi mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba. xelSekrulebis mizani imdenad
naTlad unda iyos mxareTa mier gacnobierebuli, rom xelSekrulebis
saerTo, saziaro safuZvlad unda iqnes aRiarebuli.388 amrigad, mxare-
Ta mier nagulisxmevi warmodgenebi aucileblad ormxrivad unda
iyos gaziarebuli,389 rom maTi gaqarwyleba pasuxismgeblobisgan gan-
Tavisuflebis safuZveli gaxdes.
5.1.3. xelSekrulebis amaoebis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi
1943 wels gaerTianebul samefoSi miRebul iqna xelSekrule-

bis amaoebis momwesrigebeli samarTlis reformis aqti390, romlis mi-
zani iyo cvlilebebi da damatebebi Seetana aRniSnuli sakiTxis mare-
gulirebel normebSi.
xsenebuli aqtis miRebamde xelSekrulebis amaoeba iwvevda mxa-
reTa SeTanxmebis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebas Secvlili garemoe-
bis gamovlenis (ex nunc)391 da ara valdebulebis warmoSobis momenti-
385 ix.: Rohwer C.D., Skrocki A.M., Contracts in a Nutshell, 7th ed., West Nutshel Series, 2010, 320; Schwartz
A.A., A ,,Standard Clause Analysis” of the Frustration Doctrine and the Material Adverse Change Clause,
UCLA L. Rev., Vol.57, 2009-2010, 20, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1466131>;
Kim N., Mistakes, Changed Circumstances and Intent, U. Kan. L. Rev., Vol. 56, 2007-2008, 505,
386 Schwartz A.A., A ,,Standard Clause Analysis” of the Frustration Doctrine and the Material adverse
Change Clause, UCLA l., Rev., Vol. 57, 2009-2010, 49,

<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1466131>, [20.05.2014]; Brunner Ch., Force Majeure
and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-performance in International
Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 98; Blum B.A., Chemerinsky E., Epstein
R., Gilson R. F., Krier J.E., Neumann R.K., Syverud K.D., Warren E., Farndsworth E.A., Hazard GS.,
Wolfman B.(eds.), Contracts, Examples and Explanations, 3rd ed., Aspen Publishers, New York, 2004, 463.
387 Rohwer C.D., Skrocki A.M., Contracts in a Nutshell, 7th ed., West Nutshel Series, 2010, 321.
Farndsworth E.A., Hazard GS. , Wolfman B. (eds.), Contracts, Examples and Explanations, 3rd ed., Aspen
389 Eisenberg M.A., Impossibility, Impracticability and Frustration, J. Legal Analysis, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009,
221, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1349482>, [28.06.2014].

390
Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943,
<http://opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1943/cukpga_19430040_en_1>, [20.05.2014]. ix. aseve,
Poole J., Casebook on Contract Law, 9th ed., Online Resource Centre, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008,
584.
391 Rapsomanikas M. G., Frustration of Contract in International Trade Law and Comparative Law, Duq.
Bus. L.J., Vol. 18, 1979-1980, 557,

<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/rapsomanikas.html#39>, [29.05.2014].
86
dan (ex tunc - ab initio), ris safuZvelzec mxareebi Tavisufldebodnen sa-
momavlod Sesasrulebeli valdebulebebisgan, magram Secvlili ga-
remoebis warmoSobamde mopovebuli uflebebi ZalaSi rCeboda.392 Tum-
ca, am wesis Tanaxmad, mxareebi ver ibrunebdnen Secvlili garemoebis
warmoSobamde ganxorcielebul Sesrulebas, rac meore mxaris usa-
fuZvlo gamdidrebas iwvevda.393
Tu xelSekrulebis erT-erTi monawile Secvlili garemoebis
warmoSobamde Seasrulebda vadamosul valdebulebas, maSin xelSek-
rulebis amaoebis Semdeg, is veRar moiTxovda kontrahentisgan Sesru-
lebis ukan dabrunebas da verc Semxvedri im valdebulebis ganxor-
cielebas, romelic vadamosuli mxolod garemoebaTa Secvlis Sem-
dgom gaxda.394
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT saqmeze Candleri vebsteris wina-
aRmdeg395 restituciis moTxovna ar gavrcelda kontrahentis mimarT
Sesrulebul gadaxdaze, romelic xelSekrulebis amaoebis gamomwvevi
movlenis dadgomamde ganxorcielda.396 safuZvliani kritikis miuxeda-
vad, aRniSnuli wesis moqmedeba ormoci wlis ganmavlobaSi gagrZel-
da, sanam ar iqna miRebuli gardamtexi mniSvnelobis gadawyvetileba,
romelmac arsobrivad Secvala manamde arsebuli praqtika da midgoma
sakiTxisadmi.397
zemoaRniSnuli problemebis sapasuxod da sakanonmdeblo do-
neze gadasaWrelad miRebul iqna 1943 wlis aqti (SemdgomSi _
xasra),398 romlis umTavresi mizani xelSekrulebis amaoebiT gamowveu-
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 90-91,
Semdgomi miTiTebebiT: Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 10th ed., London, 1999, 847-849;
McKendrick E., Chitty on Contracts, The Law of Contracts, Vol.1, General Principles, Chapter 24, Discharge
by Frustration, London, 1999, 24-069/070/71.
393 Mckendrick E., The Consequences of Frustration: The Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943, Force
Majeure and Frustration of Contracts, 1991, 55-57, miTiTebulia: Mizrachi K., Force Majeure in Project
Finance: A Comparative and Practical Analysis of Risk Allocation, J. Struct. Finan., Vol. 12, No. 2, 2006, 79.
395 ix. Chandler v. Webster, [1904] 1 K.B. 493.
396 Goldberg V.P., After Frustration: Three Cheers for Chandler v. Webster, Wash. & Lee L. Rev., Vol. 68,
Issue 3, 2011, 1134,

<http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/waslee68&div=35&id=
&page=>, [22.07.2014].
397 Fibrosa Spolka Akcyjna v. Fairbairn Lawson Combe Barbour, Ltd, [1943] A.C. 32 at 49-50 (H.L. 1942),
Goldberg V.P., After Frustration: Three Cheers for Chandler v. Webster, Wash. & Lee L. Rev., Vol. 68, Issue
3, 2011, 1134,
&page=>.
Issue 3, 2011, 1146,

&page=>, [22.07.2014].
87
li erT-erTi mxaris usafuZvlo gamdidrebis Tavidan acileba iyo.399
aqtis 1(2) da 1(3) muxlebi miemarTeba xelSekrulebis amaoebis samar-
Tlebriv Sedegebs:
1(2) muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobamde
mxareTa Soris arsebobda fuladi Tanxis gadaxdis valdebuleba, ma-
Sin xelSekrulebis amaoebis dafuZnebis momentidan mxare Tavisuf-
ldeba aRniSnuli valdebulebisgan,400 xolo ukve ganxorcielebuli
Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi, mas eniWeba gadaxdili Tanxis ukan dabrune-
bis moTxovnis ufleba.401 Tu mxarem, romlisTvisac kontrahents sa-
xelSekrulebo valdebulebis farglebSi unda gadaexada garkveuli
fuladi Tanxa, gaiRo xarjebi valdebulebis Sesasruleblad, xel-
Sekrulebis amaoebis warmoSobis Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia samar-
Tlianobis gaTvaliswinebiT, ufleba mianiWos mxares moiTxovos fu-
ladi Tanxis gadacema an ar ganaxorcielos gadacemulis ukan dabru-
neba, mxolod gaweuli xarjebis odenobiT.402
1(3) muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobamde
mxarem kontrahentis mier valdebulebis Sesasruleblad ganxorcie-
lebuli qmedebisgan mniSvnelovani sargebeli miiRo (ara fuladi sa-
xiT), maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia daakisros mxares miRebuli sargeb-
lis Sesatyvisi fuladi Tanxis ukan dabrunebis valdebuleba.403 am
dros gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi garemoebebi:
a) Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobamde sargeblis mimRebi mxaris
mier valdebulebis Sesasruleblad gaweuli xarjebisa da xelSekru-
lebis miznebisaTvis sxva pirisaTvis gadacemuli Tanxis odenoba.
b) xelSekrulebis amaoebis gamomwvevi Secvlili garemoebebis
gavlena mxaris mier miRebul sargebelze.404
inglisur samarTalSi moqmedi xelSekrulebis amaoebis doq-
trina samarTlebrivi Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovnad gan-
sxvavdeba kontinentur da unificirebul samarTalSi moqmedi forsma-
Joris samarTlebrivi koncefciisgan.405 kerZod, xelSekrulebis amaoe-
399 Mckendrick E., The Consequences of Frustration: The Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943, Force
Majeureand Frustration of contracts , 1991, 55-57, miTiTebulia: Mizrachi K., Force Majeure in Project
Finance: A Comparative and Practical Analysis of Risk Allocation, J. Struct. Finan., Vol.12, No.2, 2006, 79.
400 ix. Gamerco SA v I.C.M./Fair Warning (Agency) Ltd, [1995] 1 WLR 1226.
401 ix. Fibrosa Spolka Akcyjna v Fairbairn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd, [1943] AC 32 (HL).
Issue 3, 2011, 1147,

&page=>.
403 ix. BP Exploration Co. (Libya) Ltd v Hunt (No.2), [1979] 1WLR 783.
404 ix. Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943, <http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/6-7/40>.
88
ba avtomaturad iwvevs mTlianad xelSekrulebis Sewyvetas406 da mxa-
reebi Tavisufldebian valdebulebis darRvevisaTvis zianis anazRau-
rebis pasuxismgeblobisagan.407 pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis
aRniSnuli safuZveli Zalian viwrod unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da ar
SeiZleba moxdes misi farTo ganmarteba.408 xolo forsmaJoris safuZ-
velze xelSekrulebis Sewyveta damokidebulia kreditoris uflebis
ganxorcielebaze _ moiTxovos xelSekrulebidan gasvla valdebule-
bis arsebiTi darRvevisaTvis.409 amasTan, forsmaJoris safuZvelze mxa-
ris pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba SeiZleba iyos nawilobri-
vi,410 ramdenadac forsmaJoruli garemoeba SesaZlebelia xelSekru-
lebis mxolod garkveul nawilze axdendes gavlenas da mxolod Se-
sabamisi proporciiT iwvevdes mxaris pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavi-
suflebas.411
SesaZlebelia, rom Secvlili garemoeba droebiT xasiaTs ata-
rebdes. amdenad, pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba forsmaJoris
safuZvliT SeiZleba mxolod am damabrkolebeli garemoebisa da misi
uaryofiTi Sedegebis arsebobis vadiT ganxorcieldes. aRniSnulisgan
gansxvavebiT, xelSekrulebis amaoebis doqtrinis mizani xelSekrule-
bis anulireba da SeTanxmebis safuZvelze mxareTa urTierTsanacvlo
valdebulebebisgan saboloo ganTavisuflebaa.
germanuli sasamarTlo praqtika, angloamerikuli sistemis sa-
samarTloebisgan gansxvavebiT, xelSekrulebis avtomaturad Sewyve-
tasTan mimarTebiT, upiratesobas aniWebs mis Secvlil garemoebebTan
406 Treitel G. H., Frustration and Force Majeure , London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1994, 52, miTiTebulia:
Osadare B., Force Majeure and the Performance Excuse: A Review of the English Doctrine of Frustration and
Article 2-615 of the Uniform Commercial Code., 2010, 10; Anson W., Anson's Law of Contract, 27th ed.,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, 526, miTiTebulia: Firoozmand M.R., Changed Circumstances
and Immutability of Contract: a Comparative Analysis of Force Majeure and Related Doctrines, Bus. L. Int'l,
Vol. 8, No.2, 2007, 177,
407 Chen-Wishart M., Contract Law, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2008, 318; Southerington T.,
Impossibility of Performance and Other Excuses in International Trade, 2001,

408 Nachatar J.S., Hussin A.A., Omran A., Frustration of Contract in the Malaysian Construction Contract
management, IJE, Tome 9, fascicule 3, Hunedoara, Romania, 2011, 85-86,

<http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=cbc3f99c-b258-4811-9ace-4a8f1729b548%40s---
essionmgr13&vid=2&hid=10>, [22.07.2014].
409
89
adaptacias, rac kontinenturi samarTlis sistemis umniSvnelovanesi
maxasiaTebelia.412
5.2.Kkomerciuli ganuxorcieleblobisa da miznis amaoebis

amerikuli doqtrinebi

doqtrinaTa moqmedebis farglebi
amerikuli samarTali iTvaliswinebs komerciuli ganuxorcie-

leblobis doqtrinas,413 romelic valdebulebis Sesrulebisgan gan-
Tavisuflebis safuZvelia ara mxolod Sesrulebis obieqturi, fizi-
kuri SeuZleblobis, aramed Sesrulebis ukiduresi garTulebis Sem-
TxvevaSic.414 am TvalsazrisiT, komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis
doqtrinis moqmedebis sfero gacilebiT vrcelia gansxvavebiT doq-
trinis sakanonmdeblo reglamentaciamde arsebuli wesisa, romelic
pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvis winapirobad absolutur SeuZleblo-
bas adgenda. Sesabamisad, amerikulma samarTalma termini Sesrulebis
SeuZlebloba Secvala ganuxorcieleblobiT,415 rameTu es ukanaskne-
412
Vagts D.F., Rebus Revisited: Changed Circumstances in Treaty Law, Colum. J. Transnat'l L., Vol. 43,
2004-2005, 464, <www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/cjtl43&collection=journals&page=-
459>, [22.07.2014].
413 pirvelad aRniSnuli doqtrina gamoixata gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze: Minera Park
Land Co. v. Howard, 156, 458 (1916), miTiTebulia: Osadare B., Force Majeure and the Performance
Excuse: A Review of the English Doctrine of Frustration and Article 2-615 of the Uniform Commercial
Code., 2010, 11.
414 ix. gadawyvetileba: Krell v Henry [1903] 2 KB 740 statiebSi: Knutson R., Common Law
Development of the Doctrines of Impossibility of Performance and Frustration of Contracts and their Use and
Application in Long Term Concession Contracts, Presented at the IBA Committee T, Berlin, ICLR, 298,
1997, 7; Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and
Adaptation in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2010,
24. aRniSnul saqmeze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT, damqiravebeli ganTavisuflda
Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan, rameTu binam, romelic daqiravebul iqna mefis kor-
naciis procesze dakvirvebisaTvis, mefis avadmyofobisa da mefed kurTxevis cere-
monialis gadadebis gamo, Rirebuleba dakarga damqiraveblisaTvis. amdenad, ga-
qarwylda xelSekrulebis safuZveli, misi umTavresi mizani. movale ganTavisuflda
obieqturad ganxorcielebadi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis movale-
obisagan. ix. Rohwer C.D., Skrocki A.M., Contracts in a Nutshell, 7th ed., West Nutshell Series, 2010, 321;
Blum B.A., Chemerinsky E., Epstein R., Gilson R. F., Krier J.E., Neumann R.K., Syverud K.D., Warren E.,
Farndsworth E.A., Hazard GS., Wolfman B. (Eds.), Contracts, Examples and Explanations, 3rd ed., Aspen
Publishers, New York, 2004, 463. aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba xelSekrulebis amaoebis
doqtrinis safuZvladac aris iuridiul mecnierebaSi aRiarebuli, romlis ZaliTac
mniSvnelovnad Sesustda mkacri pasuxismgeblobis principis moqmedeba angloameri-
kul samarTalSi. ix. Smythe D.J., Bounded Rationality, the Doctrine of Impracticability, and the
Governance of Relational Contracts, S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J., Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003-2004, 228,
415 Southerington T., Impossibility of Performance and Other Excuses in International Trade, 2001,
90
li ufro farTo cnebaa da moicavs ara mxolod absolutur SeuZ-
leblobas, aramed valdebulebis Sesrulebis damZimebasac.416
xelSekrulebaTa me-2 krebulis 265-e paragrafi ganamtkicebs
aseve, miznis amaoebis doqtrinas: Tu mxaris umTavresi saxelSekru-
lebo mizani,417 misi bralisgan damoukideblad, arsebiTad qarwylde-
ba iseTi garemoebis ZaliT, romlis ararseboba mxareTa mier xelSek-
rulebis dadebis umTavres safuZvels qmnida, maSin movale Tavisuf-
ldeba Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan, Tu xelSekrulebidan an garemo-
ebebidan sxva ram ar gamomdinareobs.
amrigad, sasamarTlos mier upirvelesad dgindeba mxareTa sa-
xelSekrulebo mizani da Tu aRmoCndeba, rom xelSekrulebis safuZ-
vlad miCneuli miznis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi mxareebi ar dadebdnen
xelSekrulebas, maSin aRniSnuli sasamarTlos mier pasuxismgeblo-
bisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad iqneba gamoyenebuli.418
sasamarTlos mier miznis amaoebis doqtrina farTod ganimar-
teba da Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad
saxelSekrulebo miznis srul amaoebas moiazrebs. Tu mxare Secvli-
li garemoebis gavleniT srulad ver ikmayofilebs mosalodnel sa-
xelSekrulebo interess, magram Sesruleba mainc garkveuli sargeb-
lis momtania misTvis, maSin garemoebaTa aseTi cvlileba ar iqneba
sakmarisi xelSekrulebis miznis sruli amaoebis dafuZnebisaTvis.419
xelSekrulebis amaoebis erT-erTi saxe _ xelSekrulebis miz-
nis amaoeba arsobrivad ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrinas exmianeba:
xelSekrulebis miznis amaoebis SemTxvevaSi, Secvlili garemoeba im-
denad amcirebs movalis mier valdebulebis Sesrulebis ekonomikur
faseulobas, rom aragonivrulia kreditorisgan aseTi Sesrulebis
miRebisa da saxelSekrulebo fasis gadaxdis moTxovna. msgavsad, Ses-
rulebis ganuxorcieleblobis SemTxvevaSi, valdebulebis Sesruleba
Secvlili garemoebis gavleniT movalisTvis ukiduresad did sirTu-
les, xarjebsa da danakargebs420 ukavSirdeba.421
416 Frey M.A., Frey Ph. H., An Introduction to the Law of Contracts, 4 th ed., Delmar Cengage Learning, 2007,
399. ix. xelSekrulebaTa me-2 krebulis 261-e paragrafi.
418 Hillman R.A., Principles of Contract Law, 2nd ed., The Concise Hornbook Series, West, 2009, 318.
419Farnsworth E.A., On Contracts, 2nd ed., New York, 1998, §9.7, 625-626.
420 ix. Fla. Power & Light Co. v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp. 517 F.Supp. 440 (E.D. Va. 1981). aRniSnul
saqmeSi uranis mimwodebeli mxare iTxovda Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan
ganTavisuflebas fasebis gauTvaliswinebeli zrdis, Sesabamisad, aesk-is 2-615-e
muxliT ganmtkicebuli, komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis safuZvliT, romelic
movalis kontrolis sferos miRma aRmocenda. Trakman L., Pluralism in Contract Law, Buff. L.
Rev., Vol. 58, No. 5, 2010, 1066,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Print?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/buflr58&id=1041>,
[26.07.2014].
91
amrigad, pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis angloameriku-
li sistemis doqtrina sam ZiriTad segments moicavs: (1) Sesrulebis
fizikur Tu samarTlebriv SeuZleblobas (2) obieqturad ganxorcie-
lebadi valdebulebis miuxedavad, xelSekrulebis miznisa da Sesru-
lebiT misaRebi sargeblis dakargvas (3) obieqturad da samarTlebri-
vad ganxorcielebadi valdebulebis Sesrulebis ekonomikur damZime-
bas.422

doqtrinaTa urTierTdamokidebuleba
xelSekrulebis amaoebisa da komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis

doqtrinebi konceftualuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovnad uaxlovde-
bian erTmaneTs: orive maTgani gamosayenebelia obieqturad Sesrule-
badi valdebulebis pirobebSi. Sesabamisad, am koncefciebis damafuZ-
nebeli winapirobebic urTierTmomcvelia.
gansxvaveba Secvlili garemoebis samarTlebrivi bunebiT gamo-
ixateba, romelic erT SemTxvevaSi ukiduresad arTulebs valdebule-
bis Sesrulebas, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi – Sesrulebas ukargavs mi-
zans.423
doqtrinaTa Soris gansxvaveba imiTac vlindeba, rom komerciu-
li ganuxorcielebloba valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis pasu-
xismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis safuZvelia saqonlis an momsaxu-
rebis mimwodeblisaTvis, romlisTvisac ukiduresad damZimda valde-
bulebis Sesruleba, xolo miznis amaoeba valdebulebis Seusruleb-
lobisaTvis gamoricxavs saqonlis an momsaxurebis mimRebis pasuxis-
mgeblobas, romlisTvisac gauTvaliswinebeli garemoebebis gavleniT
sanacvlo Sesruleba imdenad radikalurad Semcirda, rom mas aRar
ekisreba saqonlis miRebisa da fasis gadaxdis valdebuleba.424
amrigad, aesk-is 2-615-e muxli umTavresad gamyidvelis mimarT
gamoiyeneba, Tumca ganuxorcieleblobis safuZvliT Sesrulebis val-
422
Karampatzos A., Supervening Hardship as Subdivision of the General Frustration Rule: A Comparative
Law International, The Netherlands, Vol.13, No. 2, 2005, 106-107,
423
Blum B.A., Chemerinsky E., Epstein R., Gilson R. F., Krier J.E., Neumann R.K., Syverud K.D., Warren E.,
424 ix. Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 9th ed., Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1995, 779; Brunner Ch.,
International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 797. Corbin A.L., Corbin on
Contracts, West Pub. Co., 1952, Chicago, 1091-1099.
92
debulebisgan SeiZleba ganTavisufldes movalec, Tu gamyidvelis
Sesrulebam dakarga Rirebuleba da Sesabamisad, saxelSekrulebo in-
teresic myidvelisaTvis.425
orive zemoT moyvanili magaliTis safuZvelze naTlad Cans,
rom erT SemTxvevaSi _ Sesrulebis miReba da meore SemTxvevaSi _
Sesrulebis ganxorcieleba xelSekrulebis Sesabamis mxares ukidu-
resad mZime pirobebSi ayenebs, rac keTilsindisierebisa da samar-
Tlianobis TvalsazrisiT miuRebelia da aqarwylebs saxelSekrule-
bo mizans.
amdenad, es ori zemoT ganxiluli kategoria mniSvnelovnad
Tavsebadia Tavisi samarTlebrivi bunebis gaTvaliswinebiT. Sesabami-
sad, pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis dros isini msgavs samar-
Tlebriv Sedegebs iwveven.426
5.2.3. komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrinis upiratesoba

da misi sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia
amaoebis doqtrina sasamarTlo praqtikaSi ganviTarda da igi

aesk-Si mkveTrad gamoxatuli ar aris.427 Tumca, sasamarTloebic Ses-
rulebis valdebulebisgan movalis ganTavisuflebis samarTlebriv
safuZvlad upiratesad komerciul ganuxorcieleblobas gansazRvra-
ven, miznis amaoebasTan mimarTebiT.428 Sesabamisad, amerikuli samar-
Tlis kvleva umTavresad komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtri-
nis magaliTzea Sesrulebuli.
komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis amerikuli doqtrina429 gan-
mtkicebulia aesk-is430 2-615-e (a) muxlsa431 da xelSekrulebaTa me-2
425 Burton S.J., Contract Law: Selected Source Materials, 1995, 157, (Official Comment No.4 on § 2-615
UCC, Comment No.9 on 2-615).
427 Farnsworth E.A., On Contracts, 2nd ed., New York, 1998, §9.7, 623-623, miTiTebulia wignSi:
428 Farnsworth E.A., On Contracts, 2nd ed., New York, 1998, §9.7, 624-625.
429 aRniSnuli doqtrinis damkvidrebas mniSvnelovanad Seuwyo xeli aseve sanimuSo
saqmem Mineral Park Land Co. v. Howard, 172 Cal. 289 (1916), sadac ganuxorcieleblobis
safuZvliT moxda saxelSekrulebo boWvisagan mxareTa ganTavisufleba. ix. Smythe
D.J., Bounded Rationality, the Doctrine of Impracticability, and the Governance of Relational Contracts, S.
Cal. Interdisc. L.J., Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003-2004, 228,
430
Uniform Commercial Code, Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute, Copyright 1978,
1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001.The American Law Institute and the National
Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws; reproduced, published and distributed with the
permission of the Permanent Editorial Board for the Uniform Commercial Code for the limited purposes of
study, teaching, and academic research, 2003,
93
krebulis 261-e paragrafSi.432433 aesk-is434 2-615-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gam-
yidvelis mier miwodebis vadis gadacileba an miwodebis valdebule-
bis srulad Seusrulebloba ar ganixileba saxelSekrulebo valde-
bulebis darRvevad, Tu valdebulebis Sesruleba ganuxorcielebeli
gaxada mxareTa mier winaswar gauTvaliswinebeli garemoebis435 aRmo-
cenebam,436 xolo xelSekruleba daido im ZiriTadi varaudiT, rom
msgavsi garemoeba ar warmoiSoboda,437 aseve, Tu garigeba mxareTa So-
ris keTilsindisierebis principis dacviTDdaefuZna ucxour Tu Sida-
saxelmwifoebriv sakanonmdeblo aqts, romelic Semdeg baTili aRmoC-
nda.438
xelSekrulebaTa me-2 krebulis 261-e paragrafi adgens: Tu
xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg movalis bralisgan damoukideblad
warmoSobilma movlenam valdebulebis Sesruleba gaxada ukiduresad
mZime (ganuxorcielebeli) da Tu xelSekruleba efuZneboda mxareTa
im ZiriTad varauds, rom aRniSnuli movlena ar dadgeboda, maSin mo-
<http://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/ucc.table.html>, [23.07.2014].
431 Stone B., Adams K.D., Uniform Commercial Code in a Nutshell, 7 th ed., Thomson-West, 2008, 115-117;
75, 2007, 3036,
<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=669504>, [23.07.2014]; Frey M.A., Frey Ph. H., An
Introduction to the Law of Contracts, 4th ed., Delmar Cengage Learning, 2007, 398.
432 Restatement (Second) of Contracts, American Law Institute (ALI), § 261, 1981,
<http://www.lexinter.net/LOTWVers4/restatement_%28second%29_of_contracts.htm>, [23.07.2014];
75, 2007, 3036, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=669504>, [23.12.2014].
433 garda komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobisa, xelSekrulebaTa me-2 krebuli moicavs
aseve SeuZleblobisa da xelSekrulebis miznis amaoebis doqtrinebs. amasTan unda
aRiniSnos, rom xelSekrulebaTa me-2 krebulis muxlebi, romlebic Seexeba komerci-
ul ganuxorcieleblobasa da xelSekrulebis miznis amaoebas, aris ask-is msgavsi
vinaidan aesk-is debulebebi gamoyenebul iqna, rogorc modeli xelSekrulebaTa me-
2 krebulis Sesabamisi normebis formulirebisas. ix. Kovač M., Comparative Contract Law
and Economics, Ultrecht, 2008, 229.
434 Uniform Commercial Code, Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute, Copyright 1978,
1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001.The American Law Institute and the National
Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws; Reproduced, Published and Distributed with the
Permission of the Permanent Editorial Board for the Uniform Commercial Code for the Limited Purposes of
Study, Teaching, and Academic Research, 2003, <http://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/ucc.table.html>,
[23.07.2014].
435 ix. Calvin V. Koltermann Inc. v. Underream Piling Co, 563 S.W.2d 950, 1979; Ellwood v. Nutex Oil
Company, 148 S.W. 2d 862 (Tex. Civ. App. 1941), miTiTebulia: Jacobs D.L., Legal Realism or Legal
Fiction? Impracticability Under the Restatement (Second) of Contracts, New York, Com. L.J., Vol. 87,
June/July, 1982, 293,
age=>, [25.07.2014].
436 Stone B., Adams K.D., Uniform Commercial Code in a Nutshell, 7 th ed., Thomson-West, 2008, 116.
2012, 658.
94
vale Tavisufldeba Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan, Tu garemoebebi da
xelSekrulebis arsi sawinaaRmdegoze ar miuTiTebs.
xelSekrulebaTa me-2 krebulis 262-e-264-e paragrafebiT gamoyo-
fa sami SemTxveva, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios valdebulebis Sesru-
lebis ganuxorcielebloba: movalis qmeduunaroba an gardacvaleba439
($262), individualuri nivTis ganadgureba ($263), sakanonmdeblo ak-
rZalva ($264).440 akrZalvis damwesebeli saxelmwifo aqti SeiZleba
iyos ara mxolod kanoni, aramed administraciuli an sasamarTlo
brZaneba.441
5.2.4. komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrinis gamoyenebis

samarTlebrivi winapirobebi
komerciul ganuxorcieleblobas afuZnebs winaswar gauTva-

liswinebeli SemTxveviToba, romelic valdebulebis SeTanxmebul
Sesrulebas ganuxorcielebels xdis, xolo miznis amaoebisas Sem-
TxveviTi garemoeba arsebiTad aqarwylebs xelSekrulebis umTavres
mizans.442
xelSekrulebaTa me-2 krebulis 261-e paragrafis analizidan
gamomdinareobs komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis warmoSobisaTvis
aucilebeli oTxi winapiroba:
1) Secvlili garemoebis gavleniT valdebulebis Sesruleba,
Tavdapirvelad SeTanxmebuli SinaarsiT, ganuxorcielebelia;443 amas-
Tan, aRniSnuli winapiroba obieqtur ganuxorcieleblobas moicavs.444
2) xelSekrulebis dadebisas mxareTa varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom
msgavsi saxelSekrulebo garemoeba ar warmoiSoboda, warmoadgenda
garigebis umTavres safuZvels;445 am SemTxvevaSi unda dadgindes, ro-
mel nagulisxmev pirobebsa da warmodgenebs daefuZna xelSekrule-
439 Farnsworth E.A., Farnsworth on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, 2004, 626.
440 Jacobs D.L., Legal Realism or Legal Fiction? Impracticability Under the Restatement (Second) of
age=>, [24.07.2014].
441
Farnsworth E.A., Farnsworth on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, 2004, 625.
442 Farnsworth E.A., On Contracts, 2nd ed., New York, 1998, §9.6, 605-606, §9.7, 623.
443 Rohwer C.D., Skrocki A.M., Contracts in a Nutshell, 7th ed., West Nutshell Series, 2010, 316; Farnsworth
E.A., Farnsworth on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, 2004, 634.
444 iqve, 317.
2012, 658; Rohwer C.D., Skrocki A.M., Contracts in a Nutshell, 7th ed., West Nutshell Series, 2010, 318.
95
ba.446 mocemuli winapirobis analizisas isev obieqturi gaTvaliswine-
bis kriteriumi moqmedebs.447
3) ganuxorcielebloba ar unda iyos mxaris braleuli moqmede-
bis Sedegi;448
4) mxares, romelic iTxovs Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan ganTa-
visuflebas, ar unda hqondes nakisri kanoniT ganmtkicebulze farTo
valdebuleba.449
5.2.4.1. valdebulebis Sesrulebis obieqturi ganuxorcielebloba
Sesrulebis ganuxorcieleblobis dros valdebulebis Sesru-

leba erT-erTi mxarisaTvis aragonivrulad did xarjebTan450 an sxva
mniSvnelovan danakargTan451 aris dakavSirebuli452 an fizikurad ga-
nuxorcielebelia, valdebulebis damabrkolebeli garemoebebis da-
saZlevad mxaris mier miRebuli gonivruli zomebis miuxedavad.453
komerciuli ganuxorcielebloba SeiZleba gamoiwvios iseTma
garemoebebma, rogoricaa nedleulisa da resursebis omiT gamowve-
uli mkacri deficiti, embargos daweseba, adgilobrivi mosavlis ga-
<http://www.law.ku.edu/sites/law.drupal.ku.edu/files/docs/law_review/v56/Kim_Final.pdf>.
447 Smythe D.J., Bounded Rationality, the Doctrine of Impracticability, and the Governance of Relational
Contracts, S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J., Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003-2004, 237,

448 USA Taylor Edwards Warehouse & transfer Co v. Burlington Northern, US Ct App (9 th Cir) 12
September, 1983, 715 F2d 1330, miTiTebulia: Schwenzer I., Hachem P., Kee Ch., Global Sales and
Contract Law, Oxford University Press, New York, 2012, 658. aesk-is 2-613-e muxlic aseve
ganamtkicebs arabraleulobis kriteriums. ix. aseve, Rohwer C.D., Skrocki A.M., Contracts in
a Nutshell, 7th ed., West Nutshell Series, 2010, 318.
449Farnsworth E. A., Farnsworth on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, New York, 2004, 634;
Rapsomanikas M. G., Frustration of Contract in International Trade Law and Comparative Law, Duq. Bus.
L.J., Vol. 18, 1979-1980, 559, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/rapsomanikas.html#39>,
[23.07.2014]; Rohwer C.D., Skrocki A.M., Contracts in a Nutshell, 7th ed., West Nutshell Series, 2010, 318-
319; Kim N., Mistakes, Changed Circumstances and Intent, 56 U. Kan. L. Rev., 2007-2008, 507,
451 Smythe D.J., Bounded Rationality, the Doctrine of Impracticability, and the Governance of Relational
Contracts, S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J., Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003-2004, 236,

452 Frey M.A., Frey Ph. H., An Introduction to the Law of Contracts, 4 th ed., Delmar Cengage Learning,
2007, 399; Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles, Exemption for Non-
453 Restatement (Second) of Contracts, American Law Institute (ALI), §205, 1981,
<http://www.lexinter.net/LOTWVers4/restatement_%28second%29_of_contracts.htm>, [26.07.2014].
96
nadgureba, miwodebis ZiriTadi wyaros daxurva,454 romelTa safuZvel-
zec fizikurad SeuZlebeli xdeba valdebulebis Sesruleba an mova-
lisaTvis mniSvnelovnad mkveTrad izrdeba Sesrulebis xarji.455 A
komerciuli ganuxorcielebloba SeiZleba arsebobdes maSinac,
Tu valdebulebis Sesrulebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos erT-erT mxa-
res an mis qonebas, rac araproporciulia valdebulebis SesrulebiT
gansaxorcielebeli saxelSekrulebo interesisa.456 amasTan, gasaTva-
liswinebelia isic, rom zomieri cvlileba Sesrulebis sirTulis
xarisxsa da Sesrulebis xarjebSi samoqalaqo brunvisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebeli Cveuli riski da Tanamdevi movlenaa, romelic ar qmnis ganu-
xorcieleblobis doqtrinis pasuxismgeblobis ganTavisuflebis sa-
fuZvlad gamoyenebis safuZvels.457
valdebulebis Sesrulebis ganuxorcieleblobis winapiroba
moicavs Sesrulebis ekonomikuri ,,miuwvdomlobisa~458 da Sesrulebis
garTulebis459 koncefciebsac. forsmaJoris erT-erTi winapirobis Ta-
naxmad, movale Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan Tavisufldeba, Tu mas
ar SeeZlo Tavidan aecilebina, daeZlia dabrkoleba an aRmoefxvra
misi Sedegebi.460 ganuxorcieleblobis kriteriumi forsmaJoris am ni-
Sansac emsgavseba.461
xelSekrulebaTa me-2 krebulis 268-e paragrafis safuZvliT,
mxarem SesaZlebelia moiTxovos valdebulebis Sesrulebis garantia
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebuli gonivruli safuZvlebiT mas SeuZlia
ivaraudos, rom momavalSi aRmocendeba valdebulebis ganuxorcie-
lebloba an miznis amaoeba.462
454 Brand R.A., Fundamentals of International of International Business Transactions Documents, Kluwer
Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 2000, 528; Stone B., Adams K.D., Uniform Commercial
Code in a Nutshell, 7th ed., Thomson-West, 2008, 116.
455 Farnsworth E.A., Farnsworth on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, 2004, 637; Burton S.J.,
Contract Law: Selected Source Materials, Uniform Commercial Code, West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.,
1995,156, (Official Comment No. 4 on § 2-615 UCC).
457 Burton S.J., Contract Law: Selected Source Materials, Uniform Commercial Code, West Publishing Co.,
St. Paul, Minn., 1995, 156.

458 Economic Unaffordability.
459 Hardship.
2012, 658.
age=>, [26.07.2014].
97
5.2.4.2. Sesrulebis xasiaTis arsebiTi cvlileba
komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtriniT movalis valde-

bulebisagan ganTavisuflebis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes fasebis
iseTi gauTvaliswinebeli zrda, romelic arsebiTad cvlis Sesrule-
bis xasiaTs.463 mxolod sabazro fasebis gauTvaliswinebeli zrda Ta-
visTavad ar qmnis pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis winapiro-
bas,464 Tu es arsebiTad ar axdens Sesrulebis Sinaarsze gavlenas465
da radikalurad gansxvavebuli arsis valdebulebas ar warmoSobs,
vidre xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze iyo mxareTa mier gansazRvru-
li.466
msgavsad, Sesrulebis umniSvnelo garTuleba, romelic resur-
sebis deficitiT gamoixateba, upirobod ar warmoSobs komerciul ga-
nuxorcieleblobas.467 im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac fasebis zrda ga-
uTvaliswinebelia, sasamarTloTa umravlesoba ganmartavs, rom ko-
merciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrina mkacrad unda iqnes amoqme-
debuli, Tu xarjebis zrda imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom valdebule-
bis Sesruleba usamarTlo Sedegebs iwvevs.468
463 ix.: Farnsworth E.A., Farnsworth on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, 2004, 637; Burton S.J.,
Contract Law: Selected Source Materials, Uniform Commercial Code, West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.,
1995, 156.
464 ix.: Rohwer C.D., Skrocki A.M., Contracts in a Nutshell, 7th ed., West Nutshell Series, 2010, 317; Speidel
R.E., On Change and the Law of Contracts: A tribute to Joe Perillo, Fordham L. Rev., Vol. 71, 2002-2003,
978, <http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/flr71&div=5&id=
&page=>, [26.07.2014]; Brand R.A., Fundamentals of International of International Business Transactions
Documents, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 2000, 528; Farnsworth E.A., Farnsworth
on Contracts, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Aspen Publishers, New York, 2004, 637.
465 Stone B., Adams K.D., Uniform Commercial Code in a Nutshell, 7 th ed., Thomson-West, 2008, 116;
Burton S.J., Contract Law: Selected Source Materials, Uniform Commercial Code, West Publishing Co., St.
Paul, Minn., 1995, 156 (Official Comment No. 4 on § 2-615 UCC); Speidel R. E., On Change and the Law
of Contracts: A Tribute to Joe Perillo, Fordham L. Rev., Vol. 71, 2002-2003, 977,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/flr71&div=5&id=&page
=>, [26.07.2014].
466 Davis Contractors Ltd. v. Fareham U.D.C. 119561 A.C. 696 at 729 per Lord Radcliffe, miTiTebulia:
Roberts Th. E., Commercial Impossibility and Frustration of Purpose: A Critical Analysis, Can. J.L. &
Jurisprudence, Vol. 16, 2003, 139,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/caljp16&collection=journals&page=129>,
[26.07.2014].
468 Speidel R.E., Contracts in Crises, Excuse Doctrine and Retrospective Government Acts, Carolina
Academic Press, Durham, North Carolina, 2007, 207.
98
5.2.4.3. varaudi movlenis warmouSoblobis Sesaxeb
rogorc garigebis umTavresi safuZveli
ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrinisaTvis umTavresia ganisazR-

vros, rom mxareTa mier xelSekruleba daefuZna ZiriTad varauds imi-
sa, rom movlena, romelmac valdebulebis Sesruleba ukiduresad ga-
arTula, ar warmoiSoboda.469
komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrina gamoiyeneba maSi-
nac, Tu konkretuli miwodebis wyaro nagulisxmevad iyo gansazRvru-
li mxareTa mier xelSekrulebis dadebis dros arsebuli faqtobrivi
garemoebebis analizis safuZvelze.470 Tu gamyidvelis kontrols miR-
ma arsebuli garemoebebis gavleniT mxareTa mier SeTanxmebuli miwo-
debis wyarodan ver ganxorcielda saqonlis drouli mowodeba, maSin
movale SeiZleba ganTavisufldes pasuxismgeblobisgan, Tu SeTanxme-
buli wyarodan Sesruleba warmoadgenda umTavres prezumfcias, ra-
sac xelSekruleba daefuZna.471
Tu gayiduli marcvleuli, romelic gamiznuli iyo konkretu-
li miwis nakveTze dasaTesad, daiRupeba, maSin Sesrulebis valdebu-
lebisgan ganTavisufleba SeiZleba moxdes rogorc individualuri
nivTis ganadgurebis winapirobiT, aseve xelSekrulebis im safuZvlis
moSliT, romlis ucvleli arseboba mxareTa umTavres varauds war-
moadgenda garigebis dadebis dros.472
xelSekrulebis ganmartebis procesSi sasamarTlo yovelTvis
upiratesobas aniWebs mxareTa ganzraxvis dadgenas, xarvezis Sevsebas-
Tan mimarTebiT.473 sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom saxelSekrulebo
samarTlis erT-erTi upirvelesi amocana mxareTa nebis, miznis gan-
xorcieleba474 da maTi pirovnuli avtonomiis gamoxatulebis – sa-
xelSekrulebo Tavisuflebis principis realizebaa.475
469 Jacobs D.L., Legal Realism or Legal Fiction? Impracticability under the Restatement (second) of
age=>, [26.07.2014].
St. Paul, Minn., 1995,156.

471 Brand R.A., Fundamentals of International of International Business Transactions Documents, Kluwer
Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 2000, 529.

St. Paul, Minn., 1995, 157.

475 Barnett R.E., Some Problems with Contract as Promise, Cornell L. Rev., Vol. 77, 1992, 1023-1024,
<http://www.bu.edu/rbarnett/some.htm>, miTiTebulia: Nancy K.S., Reasonable Expectations in Socio-

cultural Context, Wake Forest L. Rev., Vol. 45, 2010, 642,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/wflr45&div=25&id=&p
age=>, [26.07.2014].
99
amdenad, ganuxorcieleblobis safuZvliT Sesrulebis valde-
bulebisgan ganTavisuflebis wesi ar gamoiyeneba Tu garemoebaTa
cvlileba xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze arsebuli ekonomikuri vi-
Tarebis analizis safuZvelze mxareTa mier winaswar gaTvaliswineba-
di iyo mosalodnel biznes-riskTa Soris.476 mxareebi Cveulebriv va-
raudoben, rom saxelmwifos mier gamocemuli aqtiT ar aikrZaleba
valdebulebis Sesruleba, movale cocxali da qmedunariani iqneba
valdebulebis Sesrulebis momentisaTvis, xelSekrulebis sagani iar-
sebebs da vargisi iqneba valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis da a.S.477
5.2.4.4. movalis arabraleuloba
Sesrulebis ganuxorcieleblobis dafuZnebisaTvis aucilebe-

li movalis arabraleulobis moTxovna arsebiT gansxvavebas ar av-
lens forsmaJoris winapirobebTan mimarTebiT. movalis braleulobis
arsebobisas, Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobis riski braleuli mxa-
ris kontrolis sferoSi moiazreba, rac TavisTavad gamoricxavs Ses-
rulebis valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebas. bunebrivia, Sesrulebis
valdebulebisgan ar SeiZleba ganTavisufldes mxare, romelmac saku-
Tari braleuli, ganzraxi an gaufrTxilebeli moqmedebiT xeli Se-
uwyo Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobas.478
amis sapirispirod, movalis arabraleuloba TavisTavad ar
gulisxmobs ganuxorcieleblobis safuZvliT movalis Sesrulebis
valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebas. magaliTad, Tu arabraleul mxa-
res nakisri aqvs Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobis riski, Sesabami-
sad, arabraleulobis miuxedavad masve daekisreba Secvlili garemoe-
bis uaryofiTi Sedegebi, rac TavisTavad gamoricxavs Sesrulebis
valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebas.479
saxelSekrulebo riskis sakiTxi dawvrilebiT momdevno TavSi
iqneba warmodgenili.
St. Paul, Minn., 1995,157.
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 99
Semdgomi miTiTebebiT: Farnsworth E.A., On Contracts, 2nd ed., New York, 1998, §9.6, 612.
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 100,
Semdgomi miTiTebiT: Farnsworth E.A., On Contracts, 2nd ed., New York, 1998, §9.6, 606, 613-614.
479
100
5.2.4.5. gafarToebuli pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxva riskis
nagulisxmevi an saxelSekrulebo gadanawilebiT
komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis meoTxe winapiroba gulis-

xmobs, rom mxares, romelic iTxovs Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan
ganTavisuflebas, ar unda hqondes nakisri kanoniT ganmtkicebulze
farTo valdebuleba. aRniSnuli niSani Seesabameba forsmaJoris erT-
erT aucilebel moTxovnas, romlis mixedviT, Sesrulebisgan ganTavi-
suflebis aucilebeli winapirobaa mxares winaswari SeTanxmebiT ar
hqondes nakisri Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobis riski. xelSekru-
lebis umTavresi safuZvlis kriteriumTan SedarebiT am SemTxvevaSi
yuradReba gasamaxvilebelia ara imdenad movalis riskis sferoze,
aramed pirdapir Tu nagulisxmevi saxiT saxelSekrulebo riskis ga-
danawilebaze. Tu mxare iTvaliswinebda Secvlili garemoebis warmo-
Sobis SesaZleblobas, masve ekisreba misi uaryofiTi Sedegebis ris-
kic.480
aRniSnuli winapirobis analizisas umniSvnelovanesia dadgin-
des, Tu xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze romelma kontrahentma ikisra
valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riski.481 samarTlianobis uzrunvel-
yofis mizniT, sasamarTlom SeiZleba gadauxvios im ZiriTad prin-
cips, romlis Tanaxmad, movales ekisreba valdebulebis garTulebu-
li Sesrulebis riski.482 riskis gadanawilebis sakiTxi urTulesia
amerikul samarTalSi, rameTu rogorc aesk, ise xelSekrulebaTa me-2
krebuli gverds uvlis riskis problemis pirdapir regulirebas.483
komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis dafuZnebisaTvis aucilebe-
li zemoT ganxiluli erT-erTi winapiroba garigebis umTavresi sa-
fuZvlis Sesaxeb, Seesabameba forsmaJoris erT-erT aucilebel moTx-
ovnas, rom mxares pirdapir an nagulisxmevi saxiT ar unda ekisrebo-
des Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobis riski, aseve am movlenis dad-
goma ar unda ganekuTvnebodes movalis kontrolis sferos. sakiTxis
gadawyveta _ warmoadgenda Tu ara mxareTa varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom
msgavsi movlena saxelSekrulebo urTierTobSi ar aRmocendeboda,
xelSekrulebis umTavres safuZvels _ gulisxmobs gansazRvras imisa,
iTvaliswinebda Tu ara romelime mxare am movlenis warmoSobis Se-
saZleblobas484 da Sesabamisad, ikisra Tu ara romelime maTganma am
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, Semdgomi
miTiTebiT: Farnsworth E.A., On Contracts, 2nd ed., New York, 1998, §9.6, 64, 616-618.
481 Stone B., Adams K.D., Uniform Commercial Code in a Nutshell, 7th ed., Thomson-West, 2008, 115.
101
movlenis warmoSobis riski xelSekrulebis dadebis dros.485 amrigad,
dabrkolebis gaTvaliswinebis SeuZleblobis kriteriumi saxelSekru-
lebo riskis gadakisrebis samarTlebrivi meqanizmia, Sesabamisi sa-
xelSekrulebo daTqmis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.486
amdenad, Tu dadgindeba, rom Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobis
riski pirdapir an nagulisxmevi saxiT ikisra erT-erTma kontrahen-
tma,487 maSin mxareTa varaudi movlenis momavalSi warmouSoblobis
Sesaxeb ver iqneba xelSekrulebis dadebis umTavresi safuZveli, ra-
meTu mxare kisrulobda ra movlenis warmoSobis risks, imavdroulad
iTvaliswinebda kidec Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobis SesaZleblo-
bas. amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia orive mxaris varaudi da ara cal-
keuli mxaris warmodgenebi.488 riskis gadakisrebis Sesaxeb pirdapiri
daTqmis ararsebobisas, mxareTa miznebis, warmoebuli molaparakebis
Sinaarsisa da savaWro Cveulebebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT ganimarteba
da dgindeba riskis nagulisxmevi gadanawileba mxareTa Soris.489
5.2.5. komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis samarTlebrivi Sedegi
komerciuli ganuxorcieleblobis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebis

arsebobisas xelSekruleba avtomaturad wydeba da Sesabamisad, gamo-
iricxeba valdebulebis Sesrulebis moTxovnis arseboba.490
Tu pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis problema ver
wydeba normis Sinaarsis gansazRvris safuZvelze, maSin sakiTxi unda
gadawydes normis miznobrivi ganmartebisa da keTilsindisierebis
principis Sesabamisad.491
amerikul samarTalSi, inglisuris msgavsad da kontinenturi
samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT, ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli Secvlil ga-
remoebebTan xelSekrulebis adaptacia, rogorc umTavresad da upir-
velesad gamosayenebeli wesi. am samarTlebrivi meqanizmis gamoyeneba
mosamarTlis diskreciis sferoa da ara upiratesad asamoqmedebeli
samarTlebrivi instrumenti. amitomac, aesk-is 2-615-e muxli gamonak-
486 Posner R., Economic Analysis of Law, §4.9, 7 th ed., 2007, 115, miTiTebulia: Yorio E., Thel S.,
Contract Enforcement, Specific Performance and Injections, Aspen Publishers, Wolters Kluwer Law and
Business, 2011, 8-22.
487 Hillman R. A., Principles of Contract Law, 2 nd ed., Concise Hornbooks Series, West, New York, 2009,
317.
489 Transatlantic Fin. Corp. v. United States, 363 F.2d 312, 316 (D.C. Cir. 1996), miTiTebulia: Hillman
R.A., Principles of Contract Law, 2nd ed., The Concise Hornbook Series, West, 2009, 318.
490 Stone B., Adams K.D., Uniform Commercial Code in a Nutshell, 7th ed., Thomson-West, 2008, 117.
St. Paul, Minn., 1995,156; Brand R.A., Fundamentals of International of International Business Transactions
Documents, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 2000, 529.
102
lisis saxiT, keTilsindisierebis principidan gamomdinare, mosamar-
Tles uflebas aniWebs miusadagos xelSekruleba Secvlil garemoe-
bebs.492
V. Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleblobis

samarTlebrivi winapirobebi
1. Secvlili garemoebebis doqtrinis gamoyenebis samarTlebrivi

winapirobebi qarTul samarTalSi
ssk ar iTvaliswinebs Secvlil garemoebebTan dakavSirebuli

problematikis reglamentacias Sesrulebis garTulebis an forsmaJo-
ris saxelwodebiT, Tumca qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT ganmtkicebuli
koncefciebi arsebiTad valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebisa da
forsmaJoris uzogades samarTlebriv principebs exmianeba.493 amito-
mac, Sesrulebis ukiduresi damZimebis arsis gamosaxatavad termini _
valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTuleba, xolo forsmaJoris cnebis aR-
saniSnavad – Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba494 iqneba naSromSi gamoyenebu-
li.
Secvlili garemoebebiT garTulebuli saxelSekrulebo valde-
bulebis Sesrulebis sakiTxis sakanonmdeblo mowesrigebis analizi
qarTul samarTalSi avlens araerT mniSvnelovan xarvezs rogorc
sistemuri, ise Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, 398-e I muxlis
pirveli winadadebiT, Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis mi-
sadageba gansazRvruli samarTlebrivi winapirobebis495 arsebobas
ukavSirdeba: (1) xelSekrulebis safuZvlad miCneuli garemoebebis (2)
arsebiTi cvlilebis (3) aRmoceneba xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom;
(4) garemoebaTa winaswar gaTvaliswinebis SeuZlebloba496 – aragan-
St. Paul, Minn., 1995, 157.
493 Sesrulebis garTulebisa da forsmaJoris Sesatyvisi qarTuli koncefciebi da
maTi amsaxveli sakanonmdeblo terminologia ganxilulia naSromis IV Tavis me-2
qveTavSi.
494 termin Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis gamoyeneba iuridiul doqtrinasa da sakanon-
mdeblo sivrceSi upiratesad gamarTlebulia forsmaJorTan SedarebiT, rameTu,
erTi mxriv, Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba ganmtkicebulia qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT
da, meore mxriv, is qarTuli etimologiis terminia da amdenad, upiratesoba
SeiZleba mieniWos forsmaJorTan SedarebiT.
495 ssk-is 398-e muxlis gamoyenebis samarTlebrivi winapirobebis Sesaxeb ix.:
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2010 wlis 6 ivnisis ganCineba saqmeze ##as-7-6-
2010, 2008 wlis 25 noembris ganCineba saqmeze ##as-466-707-08, 2011 wlis 4 ivlisis
ganCineba saqmeze: #as-762-818-2011.
ivlisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010; saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
103
Wvretadoba, gauTvaliswinebloba; (5) garemoebebis arseboba movalis
kontrolis sferos miRma, Sesabamisad, movalis arabraleuloba497 (6)
valdebulebis Sesrulebis ukiduresi damZimeba498 (7) mizezobrivi
kavSiri499 _ xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis garTuleba, rogorc Secvli-
li garemoebebis uSualo Sedegi (8) garemoebaTa winaswar gaTvalis-
winebis SemTxvevaSi: (a) mxareTa mier xelSekrulebis ardadeba (e.i. sa-
xelSekrulebo interesis ararseboba xelSekrulebis dadebis mimarT)
an (b) mis gansxvavebul Sinaarsze SeTanxmeba.500
mniSvnelovania, rom zemoT formulirebuli samarTlebrivi wi-
napirobebis umravlesoba ara mxolod Sesrulebis garTulebis, ara-
med Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis samarTlebriv maxasia-
Teblebad SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli.501 Sesrulebis ukiduresi damZi-
mebis niSanic ki fardobiTi Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis winapirobaa.
moyvanili sakanonmdeblo debulebis samarTlebrivi analizis
safuZvelze ikveTeba Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleblobis war-
moSobisaTvis aucilebeli, magram muxliT pirdapir araformulirebu-
li, damatebiTi winapirobebi. kerZod, Tu garemoebaTa cvlileba mxa-
risaTvis ar aris xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze savaraudo, saxezea
gauTvaliswineblobis winapiroba, romelic imavdroulad gulisxmobs
dabrkolebis arakontolirebad xasiaTs, mis gardauval bunebas. ker-
Zod, Tu kontrahenti ar iTvaliswinebda da arc SeeZlo gaeTvaliswi-
nebina garemoebaTa cvlileba, Sesabamisad, igi moklebuli iyo am dab-
rkolebis Tavidan acilebis, daZlevis an misi uaryofiTi Sedegebis
samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 25 noemberis

ganCineba saqmeze: #as-466-707-08.
497valdebulebis Sesrulebis dabrkoleba an SeuZlebloba pasuxismgeblobisgan
ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad ganixileba maSin, Tu gamowveulia forsmaJoruli
garemoebiT da ar aris kavSirSi piris ganzrax an gaufrTxilebel qmedebasTan. ix.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa
palatis 2008 wlis 10 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №as-617-842-08.
498saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis
saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 25 noemberis ganCinebiT saqmeze: #as-466-707-08 dadgeni-
lia, rom Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis safuZvelia
xelSekrulebis ekonomikuri safuZvlis mkveTri, kardinaluri Secvla da mxareTa
urTierTvaldebulebaTa balansis mniSvnelovani rRveva.
499 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis
saqmeTa palatis 2014 wlis 9 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №as-735-697-2013.

500 axvlediani z., valdebulebiTi samarTali, Tb., 1999, 57
501 forsmaJori, anu dauZleveli ZalaSeuZlebels xdis valdebulebis jerovnad
Sesrulebas, amdenad, forsmaJoruli situacia gulisxmobs mxareTa damoukideb-
lad, obieqturad arsebul iseT garemoebebs, romelTa arseboba gamoricxavs mova-
lis brals. ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da ga-
kotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2009 wlis 23 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-30-367-
09.
104
aRmofxvris obieqtur SesaZleblobas502 saWiro windaxedulebi-
sa da gulisxmierebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSic.503
zemoaRniSnuli winapirobebis arseboba dabrkolebas movalis
kontrolis sferos miRma504 moiazrebs da, Sesabamisad, afuZnebs dab-
rkolebis mimarT movalis arabraleulobis kidev erT damatebiT wi-
napirobas. arabraleulobis kriteriumi ki, bunebrivia, gamoricxavs
pasuxismgeblobas valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebisa da Sesru-
lebis SeuZleblobisaTvis.
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebisaTvis aucilebelia, rom
gamoricxuli iyos damabrkolebeli garemoebis aRmocenebis winaswar
gaTvaliswinebis,505 misi Tavidan acilebis an uaryofiTi Sedegebis
daZlevis506/Semcirebis SesaZlebloba mxareTaTvis da, amasTanave,
aucilebelia movlenis arseboba movalis kontrolis sferos miRma.507
erT-erT saqmeSi arsebuli xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, mxareebma urTi-
erTSeTanxmebiT gamoricxes finansuri siZneleebis, sagadasaxa-
502 erT-erTi mxaris saxsrebis nakleboba ar CaiTvleba forsmaJorul movlenad. ix.

palatis 2011 wlis 18 aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-218-204-2011. msgavsad
aRniSnulisa, doqtrinaSi subieqturi gadaxdisuunaroba pasuxismgeblobisgan
ganTavisuflebis safuZlad ar ganixileba (ix. Busch D., Hondius E., The Principles of
European Contract Law and Dutch Law: A Commentary (Perspectives on Company Law), Kluwer Law
International; 1st ed., August 27, 2002, 341), rameTu igi movalis kontrolis sferoSi
moiazreba da hipoTeturad arsebobs masze zemoqmedebis SesaZlebloba movalis
mxridan.
saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 5 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-418-391-2010.

504 Liu Ch., Changed Contract Circumstances, 2005, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/liu5.html>;
Lindström N., Changed Circumstances and Hardship in the International Sale of Goods, NJCL, 2006/1, 8,
<www.njcl.fi/1_2006/commentary1.pdf>, [10.02.2014]; Southerington T., wignSi: Maggi M., Review of
the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), 2002-2003, Kluwer Law
International, Netherlands, 2004, 275-276. forsmaJoruli garemoebebis mxareTa
damoukideblad aRmocenebul, gareSe movlenebad aRiarebis Sesaxeb ix. aseve,
palatis 2010 wlis 4 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-1162-1424-09.
505 Fucci F.R., Hardship and Changed Circumstances as Grounds for Adjustment or Non-Performance of
Contracts, Practical Considerations in International Infrastructure Investment and Finance, American Bar
Association Section of International Law, Spring Meeting, April 2006, 17,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/fucci.html>.
506 Tu movalis SesaZleblobis sferoSia Sesrulebis alternatiuli gzis gamoZebnis
saSualeba, maSin aRniSnuli gamoricxavs forsmaJoruli garemoebis safuZvliT

pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebas, rameTu movalem ar ganaxorciela
forsmaJoruli garemoebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis aRmofxvris valdebuleba da ar
mimarTa Sesrulebis alternatiul meqanizmebs. ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 27 ivlisis
gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-576-542-2010.
507 ICC Force Majeure Clause 2003, ICC Hardship Clause 2003, ICC Publication No. 650, 2003, 2,
<http://www.trans-lex.org/700700>.
105
do da sxva saxelmwifo organoebTan, aseve sxva fizikur da iuridi-
ul pirebTan urTierTobis gamo damdgari Sedegebis forsmaJorul
situaciad aRiareba. 508 aRniSnulis mizezad ganxilul unda iqnes
faqti, rom zemoxsenebuli dabrkolebebis Tavidan acileba da marTva
garkveulwilad movalis SesaZleblobebis sferos ganekuTvneba.
zemoaRniSnuli samarTlebrivi winapirobebis arsebobisa da maT
mier saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis rRvevis xarisxi calkeuli Sem-
Txvevis TaviseburebaTa analizis safuZvelze unda ganisazRvros.
amrigad, valdebulebis Sesrulebis ukiduresi garTulebisa da
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis koncefciebis detalur sakanonmdeblo
mowesrigebas ssk ar axdens. Sesabamisad, am institutebis samarTleb-
rivi winapirobebisa da Tanamdevi Sedegebis gansazRvra istoriuli
tradiciebis mqone qarTuli da ucxouri samarTlebrivi sistemebis
iuridiuli doqtrinis, aseve sasamarTlo praqtikis analizis safuZ-
velze unda ganxorcieldes.
gansaxilveli sakiTxis arsebuli mwiri regulirebis nacvlad,
detalurad unda mowesrigdes Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleb-
lobis koncefciebis samarTlebrivi maxasiaTeblebi da ganisazRvros
maTi gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebeli, e.w. damfuZnebeli winapirobebis
samarTlebrivi buneba. aRniSnuli ki saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi
sistemebisa da instrumentebis kvlevis safuZvelze miiRweva.
2. Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleblobis gamoyenebis calkeul

winapirobaTa samarTlebrivi buneba
2.1. dabrkoleba
venis konvenciis 79-e (1) muxli pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavi-

suflebis safuZvlad acxadebs valdebulebis Sesrulebis mimarT
dabrkolebis509 arsebobas, Tumca unidruas saxelSekrulebo princi-
pebisa da evropuli principebis msgavsad, ar adgens damabrkolebeli
garemoebebis amomwurav CamonaTvals. dabrkolebis samarTlebrivi bu-
neba yoveli konkretuli saqmis ganxilvisa da pasuxismgeblobisagan
ganTavisuflebis sakiTxis gadaWrisas unda gadawydes.
dabrkoleba moicavs bunebriv, socialur an politikur movle-
nebs, aseve, valdebulebis Sesrulebis fizikur an iuridiul sirTu-
leebs.510

saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 25 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-1220-1480-09.
509
Maggi M., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), 2002-2003,
Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2004, 275-276.
510 Stoll H., Exemptions in Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG),
608, Schlectriem P.(ed.), Thomas G., Trans., 2nd ed., 1998, miTiTebulia: Pizer L.K., Smith M.R. (eds. in
106
pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvris TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania,
rom venis konvenciis 79-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dabrkoleba Se-
saZlebelia ara mxolod Sesrulebis absolutur, fizikur SeuZleb-
lobas iwvevdes, aramed ukiduresad arTulebdes valdebulebis Ses-
rulebas, arsebiTad, fundamenturad arRvevdes saxelSekrulebo wo-
nasworobas da Sesrulebis ekonomikur SeuZleblobas warmoSobdes.
Sesabamisad, valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis SemTxvevaSic pa-
suxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad SesaZlebelia 79-e
muxli iqnes gamoyenebuli,511 rodesac valdebuleba mxolod praqti-
kuli da ara teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT aris ganuxorcielebeli.512
mniSvnelovania, rom ,,unsitralis~ konferenciaze dabrkolebad
CaiTvala, rogorc fizikuri, ise ekonomikuri SeuZleblobis gamom-
wvevi garemoeba, romelic ekonomikurad ganuxorcieleblad aqcevs
Sesrulebas.513 amitomac, iuridiul mecnierebaSi gabatonebuli mosaz-
rebis Tanaxmad, romelmac upiratesoba moipova Sidasaxelmwifoebriv
samarTlebriv sistemebSi arsebul gansxvavebul SexedulebebTan Se-
darebiT, 79-e muxli moicavs rogorc forsmaJoris, aseve Sesrulebis
garTulebis514 ekonomikuri SeuZleblobis koncefciasac515, romelmac
mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina unidruas saxelSekrulebo principe-
bis analogi koncefciis momwesrigebeli normis _ 6.2.2-e muxlis for-
mirebaze.516 rogorc samarTlis mecnierebaSi, ise saarbitraJo gadawy-
vetilebiT aRiarebulia, rom ar arsebobs Sidasaxelmwifoebriv sa-
Chief), Southerington T., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)
2002-2003, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, New York, 2004, 285.
511 CISG-AC Opinion No. 7, Exemption of Liability for Damages under Article 79 of the CISG, Garro A. M.,
Columbia University School of Law, New York, N.Y., USA. Adopted by the CISG-AC at its 11th meeting in
Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 2007, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/CISG-AC-op7.html>,
[15.07.2014]
512 Honnold J., Flechtner H.M., Uniform Law for International Sales under the 1980 United Nations
Convention, Uniform Law for International Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention, 4 th revised ed.,
Kluwer Law International, 2009, 628.
513
Schlechtriem P., Uniform Sales Law, The UN-Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of
Goods, Manzsche Verlags und Universitätsbuchhandlung, Vienna, 1986, 101,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/schlechtriem.html#b422a>, [20.07.2014]; Schlechtriem P., Butler
P., UN Law on International Sales, The UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods, Springer, Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg, 2009, 203; Rimke J., Force Majeure and Hardship: Application in Iinternational Trade
Practice with Specific Regard to the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial
Contracts, Pace Int'l L. Rev. of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 1999-2000,
197-243, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/rimke.html>, [10.02.2014].
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performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 396-397.
107
marTalze mimarTvis saWiroeba ekonomikuri SeuZleblobis problemis
mosawesrigeblad, rameTu venis konvencia misi momcvelia.517
dabrkolebis samarTlebriv bunebas warmoaCens is Sedegebi, ro-
melic am dabrkolebis aRmocenebas axlavs Tan. evropuli principe-
bis Tanaxmad, dabrkolebiT gamowveuli valdebulebis ,,ukiduresi
damZimeba~ gulisxmobs movalisaTvis damangrevel Sedegebs da saxel-
Sekrulebo valdebulebebis mniSvnelovan disbalanss.518
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi Sesrulebis garTulebas
saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis arsebiT, fundamentur cvlilebad
ganmartavs. evropuli principebi damabrkolebeli garemoebiT ganpi-
robebul Sesrulebis garTulebas Sesrulebis ukidures damZimebad
acxadebs, romelic saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis rRveviT gamoixa-
teba. Tu Sesruleba mxolod umniSvnelod garTulda da naklebad sa-
surveli gaxda movalisaTvis, es, ra Tqma unda, ar qmnis pasuxismgeb-
lobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvels. miuxedavad imisa, rom unidru-
as saxelSekrulebo principebi Sesrulebis damZimebas pirdapir ar
ganixilavs rogorc Secvlili garemoebebisa da dabrkolebis Tanam-
dev Sedegs, saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis arsebiTi rRveva TavisTa-
vad moiazrebs zemoaRniSnul winapirobasac.
2.2. dabrkolebis aRmoceneba xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom
Sesrulebis garTulebis momwesrigebeli normebis gamoyenebis

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi winapirobaa dabrkolebis aRmoceneba xel-
Sekrulebis dadebis Semdgom. am sakiTxis mimarT identur midgomas
avlens venis konvencia, evropuli principebi da DCFR519. aRniSnuli
mowesrigebis mizania Sesrulebis garTulebis koncefciis gamijvna
Secdomis institutisa da misi momwesrigebeli normebisgan.520 Tumca,
zemoaRniSnulisgan gansxvavebiT, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principe-
bi Sesrulebis garTulebis dafuZnebisaTvis dasaSveb winapirobad
acxadebs Secvlili garemoebebis arsebobas xelSekrulebis dadebis
<http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2008/39.pdf>, [10.02.2014]; Stoll H., in Schlechtriem
P., (ed.) Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press,
Oxford, 1998, Article 79, para. 39.
Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 324

A., Zoll F.(eds.), Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law, Draft Common Frame of
Sellier, European Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 739-740,
<http://ec.europa.eu/justice/contract/files/european-private-law_en.pdf>, [10.02.2014]
520 am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. Hondius E.H., Grigoleit H. Ch., Unexpected Circumstances in
European Contract Law, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2011, 74.
108
etapzec, romelTa Sesaxebac mxarisaTvis xelSekrulebis dadebis Sem-
deg gaxda cnobili.521
2.3. garemoebaTa uCveulo cvlileba
Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi winapirobebis mimarT,

kvlevaSi ganxilul sxva unificirebul aqtebTan SedarebiT, DCFR
udavod gamorCeul midgomas avlens. kerZod, DCFR-is III.-1:110-e (2) mux-
li garemoebaTa uCveulo, gansakuTrebul cvlilebas ganixilavs Ses-
rulebis ukiduresi damZimebis safuZvlad. aRniSnuli saxelSekrule-
bo pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlisaTvis mkacri
SezRudvebisa da farglebis dawesebas unda isaxavdes miznad da mxa-
reTa saxelSekrulebo boWvisagan ganTavisuflebas mxolod sagamo-
nakliso SemTxvevebisaTvis unda uSvebdes.522
mniSvnelovania, rom swored uCveulo, gansakuTrebuli cvli-
leba ar SeiZleba iyos mxarisaTvis gonivrulad savaraudo xelSek-
rulebis dadebis etapze. Sesabamisad, zemoganxilul or winapirobas
Soris logikuri urTierTkavSiri arsebobs. Tumca unda aRiniSnos
isic, rom gansakuTrebuli, uCveulo xasiaTis garemoebaTa cvlilebis
arsebobis mtkiceba did tvirTs akisrebs dazaralebul mxares da
mkacrad zRudavs saxelSekrulebo valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebis
xelmisawvdomobas movalisaTvis.523
2.4. dabrkolebis aRmoceneba movalis kontrolis sferos miRma
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad miiCneva mova-

lis kontrolis sferos miRma,524 misgan damoukideblad arsebuli, ga-
reSe movlena,525 romlis warmoSobis riskic pirdapir ar ukisria mo-
521 ix. unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 6.2.2-e (a) muxli.

522 Bar Ch., Clive E., Schulte-Nölke H., Beale H., Herre J., Huet J., Storme M., Swann S., Varul P.,
Vaneziano A., Zoll F. (eds.), Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law, Draft
Common Frame of Reference, Study Group on a European Civil Code and Research Group on EC Private
Law (Acquis Group), Sellier, European Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 59,
<http://ec.europa.eu/justice/contract/files/european-private-law_en.pdf>, [15.02.2014].

524
Liu Ch., Changed Contract Circumstances, 2005, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/liu5.html>,
[10.02.2014]; Lindström N., Changed Circumstances and Hardship in the International Sale of Goods, NJCL,
2006/1, 8, <www.njcl.fi/1_2006/commentary1.pdf>, [10.02.2014]; Southerington T., wignSi: Maggi M.,
Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), 2002-2003, Kluwer Law
International, Netherlands, 2004, 275-276.
Force Majeure and Related Doctrines, Bus. L. Int'l, Vol. 8, No.2, 2007, 165,
_tab%3Dsrchresults>, [21.04.2014]; Liu Ch., Newman M.S.(ed.), Remedies in International Sales,
109
vales an arc SeiZleba nagulisxmevad526 ekisrebodes xelSekrulebis
Sinaarsidan an faqtobrivi garemoebebidan gamomdinare.527 gareSe mov-
lenebi obieqturad arsebuli garemoebania, romelTa pirobebSi mxed-
velobaSi ar miiReba mxareTa subieqturi Sefasebebi saxelSekrulebo
wonasworobis Sesaxeb.528
mniSvnelovania, rom Tu Secvlili garemoebebis aRmoceneba mxa-
risaTvis gonivrulad savaraudo iyo, es imavdroulad akisrebs mxa-
res am garemoebiT gamowveuli Sesrulebis garTulebis risks. amde-
nad, Secvlili garemoebis winaswar gaTvaliswinebis SeuZleblobisa
da movalis kontrolis sferos miRma dabrkolebis arsebobis winapi-
robebi faqtobrivad urTierTmomcvelia. msgavsad amisa, Tu Sesrule-
bis ukiduresi damZimeba, rogorc erT-erTi aucilebeli da umTavresi
winapiroba ar aris saxeze, maSin gamoiricxeba movalis kontrolis
sferos miRma dabrkolebis arsebobis winapirobac, radgan valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebis saSualo xarisxis garTuleba, rogorc wesi, mova-
lis pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi moiazreba.529
imavdroulad, venis konvenciis 79-e, unidruas saxelSekrulebo
principebis 7.1.7-e da evropuli principebis 8:108-e muxlebi marTalia,
pirdapir ar miuTiTeben dabrkolebis warmoSobis riskis ganawileba-
ze, magram iuridiul doqtrinaSi sayovelTaod aris miRebuli530, rom
movale pasuxismgebelia valdebulebis Sesrulebis mimarT warmoSo-
bili im dabrkolebisaTvis, romlis winaswar gansazRvris, Tavidan
acilebis an daZlevis obieqturi SesaZleblobac mas hqonda.Aam Tval-
sazrisiT, movale xelSekrulebiT garantirebuls xdis im valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebas, romlis momzadeba, organizacia da aRsruleba mi-
si kontrolisa da gamgeblobis sferoSi moiazreba. damabrkolebeli
Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC, Huntington, New York, 2007,
674.
526 saxelSekrulebo dumilis, rogorc riskis gadanawilebis safuZvlis, Sesaxeb, ix.
Gillette C.P., Commercial Rationality and the Duty to Adjust Long-Term Contracts, Minn. L. Rev., Vol. 69,
521, 1984-1985, 534-540,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/mnlr69&div=21&g_sent=1&collection=journals>,
[12.03.2014].
528 Roberts Th.E., Commercial Impossibility and Frustration of Purpose: A Critical Analysis, Can. J.L. &
Jurisprudence, Vol. 16, 2003, 139, <http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/caljp16&collecti-

on=journals&page=129>, [12.03.2014].
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009,76; Zweigert
K., Kötz H., An Introduction to Comparative Law, Vol. II -The Institutions of Private Law, 2nd Revised ed.,
Translated from the German by Weir T., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987;
110
garemoebis arseboba movalis kontrolis sferoSi mis braleulobas
afuZnebs valdebulebis Seusruleblobis mimarT.531
mniSvnelovania, rom movalis subieqturi kontrolis sferoSi
Semavali movlenebi Sesrulebis damabrkolebel garemoebad ar gani-
xileba. magaliTad, biznesis warumatebloba, qmedunarianobis dakar-
gva, likvidacia an gakotreba, warmoebis an saaRricxvo sistemebis
marcxi, saTanado personalis dakargva,532 movalis gardacvaleba an
dapatimreba, Sida dapirispirebiT gamowveuli gaficvebi da a.S.
subieqturi gadaxdisuunaroba pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuf-
lebis safuZvlad ar ganixileba.533 Sesabamisad, movalis pasuxismgeb-
lobis sferos ganekuTvneba ucxouri valutis moZiebis valdebule-
ba.534
analogiur midgomas avlens unidruas saxelSekrulebo princi-
pebic. 535 individualuri gadaxdisuunaroba subieqturi da ara obieq-
turi mizeziT aRmocenebul dabrkolebas ganasaxierebs da ar aris
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad aRiarebuli,536 rad-
gan finansur operaciebTan, biznesis warmarTvasTan dakavSirebuli
riski da piris finansuri mdgomareoba movalis kontrolisa da pasu-
xismgeblobis sferod ganixileba.537 analogiuri mosazreba gaziarebu-
lia qarTul sasamarTlo praqtikaSic.538
531
Busch D., Hondius E., The Principles of European Contract Law and Dutch Law: A Commentary
(Perspectives on Company Law S.), Kluwer Law International, 1st ed., August 27, 2002, 341.
532 Enderlein F., Maskow D., International Sales Law, United Nations Convention on Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods: Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods:
Commentary, Oceana Publications, 1992, §4.1, 322-323, miTiTebulia: Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines
of Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus in the 1980 Vienna Convention on
Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Principles of European Contract Law: A Comparative
Analysis, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 267-268,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flambouras1.html#iie>, [15.03.2014].
533
Schlechtriem P., Schwenzer I., Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods
(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1073; ix. aseve, Busch D., Hondius E., The Principles of
European Contract Law and Dutch Law: A Commentary (Perspectives on Company Law), Kluwer Law
International; 1st ed., August 27, 2002, 341.

Vol. 23, 2003, 19,
[15.03.2014].
121, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo3.html?>, [15.03.2014].
537
Lookofsky J., The 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,
Herbots J.(ed.)/Blanpain R.(general ed.), International Encyclopedia of Laws - Contracts, Suppl. 29, 2000,
161, http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lookofsky.html>; Schlechtriem P., Schwenzer I., Commentary
on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), 3 rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010,
111
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mosazrebiT,539 valdebulebis
Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba usaxsrobis gamo, ar warmoadgens iseT ga-
remoebas, rac ssk-is 401-e muxlis Tanaxmad, valdebulebis vadis ga-
dacilebaSi movalis bralis ararsebobas daadasturebda da Sesabami-
sad, pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxvel garemoebad miiCneoda.
amrigad, erT-erTi mxaris saxsrebis nakleboba ar CaiTvleba pa-
suxismgeblobis gamomricxvel, forsmaJorul garemoebad. saqarTve-
los uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, piris finansuri mdgomareo-
ba ar warmoadgens dauZlevel Zalas, romelic SeiZleba gaxdes xel-
Sekrulebaze uaris Tqmis safuZveli.540
Tu gadaxdisuunaroba saxelmwifos mier gamocemuli sakanon-
mdeblo akrZalviTaa ganpirobebuli, maSin finansuri valauvaloba
movalis pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxvelia.541 saxelmwifos mier gan-
xorcielebuli Careva (faits du prince), romelic Sesrulebis damabrko-
lebelia, rogorc wesi, movalis riskis sferos miRma moiazreba.542
mniSvnelovania, rom movalis mier vadis gadacilebis, rogorc
movalis mier valdebulebis braleuli darRvevis, Semdgom aRmocene-
buli dabrkoleba ar ganixileba pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxvel ga-
remoebad, radgan braleul qmedebas Seusruleblobis riski movalis
kontrolis sferoze gadaaqvs, garda im SemTxvevisa Tu movale daam-
tkicebs, rom dabrkoleba aRmocendeboda valdebulebis drouli Ses-
rulebis SemTxvevaSic.543
mxaris pasuxismgeblobis sfero im sazRvrebs moicavs, ra far-
glebSic subieqts obieqturad unda Seswevdes damabrkolebeli gare-
moebis kontrolis, masze zemoqmedebis da uaryofiT Sedegebze pre-
venciuli formiT zegavlenis Teoriuli SesaZlebloba.
1073; Lookofsky J., Understanding the CISG in Scandinavia, DJÆF Publishing Copenhagen, Copenhagen,
1996.
538 Mmoijaris mier Semosavlis miReba damokidebulia swori samewarmeo saqmianobis
warmarTvaze. ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis
2011 wlis 22 martis ganCineba saqmeze: saqme #as-1359-1197-2010.
aprilis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-218-204-2011.
martis ganCineba saqmeze: saqme #as-1359-1197-2010.


Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 380. ix. aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2012 wlis
13 Tebervlis ganCineba saqmeze: №ას-1224-1244-2011.
112
2.5. valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riski gamoiricxeba mxaris
pasuxismgeblobis sferodan
Sesrulebis garTulebis da SeuZleblobis doqtrinaTa gamo-

yenebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi winapirobaa, rom Secvlili gare-
moebebis aRmocenebisa da valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riski ga-
moricxuli unda iyos mxaris pasuxismgeblobis sferodan. amdenad,
saxelSekrulebo riskis faqtori, pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvris
TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens valdebulebiT sa-
marTalSi.
winamdebare Tavebi vrclad eZRvneba saxelSekrulebo SeTanxme-
biT da misi nagulisxmevi pirobebis ganmartebis safuZvelze mxaris
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis gansazRvras Secvlil garemoebaTa piro-
bebSi, Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisa da Semxvedri valdebulebis Seus-
ruleblobis riskis sakiTxs saxelSekrulebo samarTalSi da maTTan
dakavSirebul problematikas.
2.5.1. Teoria saxelSekrulebo riskis Sesaxeb da misi

gadanawilebis normatiuli wesi
posnerma da rosenfildma Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis, Sesrule-

bis ganuxorcieleblobisa da xelSekrulebis miznis amaoebis doq-
trinebis ekonomikuri analizis gziT pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavi-
suflebis sakiTxis gansazRvrisaTvis, ganaviTares Teoria saxelSek-
rulebo riskis matarebeli mxaris Sesaxeb.544 xsenebuli Teoriis Ta-
naxmad, pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis sakiTxi mWidrod ukav-
Sirdeba riskis gadanawilebis problemas, rameTu pasuxismgeblobis
Seracxva unda ganxorcieldes riskis umTavresad matarebel mxare-
ze.545
magaliTad, movalis pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba gu-
lisxmobs Sesrulebis damabrkolebeli garemoebis warmoSobis riskis
kreditorze dakisrebas, xolo movalis pasuxismgebloba damabrkole-
bel garemoebas misi riskis sferoSi moiazrebs.546 M
pasuxismgebeli mxaris dadgenisaTvis unda ganisazRvros, Tu
xelSekrulebis romel mxares SeeZlo Tavidan aecilebina riskis gan-
544
Posner R.A., Rosenfield A.M., Impossibility and Related Doctrines in Contract Law: An Economic
Analysis, J. Legal Stud., Vol. 6, 1977, 83-118; Jenkins S. H., Exemption for Nonperformance: UCC, CISG,
UNIDROIT Principles -- A Comparative Assessment, Tul. L. Rev., Vol. 72, 1998, 2017,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/jenkins.html>, [17.04.2014].
545 Goldber V.P., Framing Contract Law, An Economic Perspective, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
Massachusetts and London, England, 2006, 325-326.

546 Posner R. A., Rosenfield A.M., Impossibility and Related Doctrines in Contract Law: An Economic
Analysis, J. Legal Stud., Vol. 6, 1977, 87, <http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/724191.pdf?acceptTC=true>,

[17.04.2014].
113
xorcieleba,547 misi gamomwvevi moqmedeba an Seemcirebina misi Sedege-
bi. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisas riskis sakiTxi unda gadawydes imis
mixedviT, Tu romel mxares hqonda im garemoebis kontrolis unari,
ramac valdebulebis darRveva ganapiroba; rac Seexeba meore kriteri-
ums, Tu romel kontrahents SeeZlo riskis winaswar gaTvaliswineba,
unda iTqvas, rom Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis pirobebSi es kriteriumi
ar gamoiyeneba, radgan SeuZleblobis gamomwvevi SeiZleba iyos mxo-
lod iseTi garemoeba, romlis warmoSobis mxedvelobaSi miReba xel-
Sekrulebis dadebis etapze mxareTaTvis Tanabrad SeuZlebelia.548
kontraqtors, romelsac SeuZleblobis warmomSobi garemoebis gakon-
trolebis saSualeba aqvs, ekisreba kidec misi Tavidan acilebis val-
debuleba. swored aRniSnuli qmnis misTvis pasuxismgeblobis Seracx-
vis safuZvels.
Teoria, riskis umTavresad matarebeli mxaris Sesaxeb, Sem-
dgomSi ganaviTares mosamarTleebma, romlebic xelSekrulebis xarve-
zis Sevsebisas adgendnen Tu ra Sinaarsis iqneboda xelSekrulebiT
gauTvaliswinebeli debulebebi mxareebi maTze rom SeTanxmebuliy-
vnen.549
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis winapirobebia: (1) Sesru-
lebis damabrkolebeli garemoebis Tavidan acilebis SeuZlebloba;
(2) Sesrulebis damabrkolebeli garemoebis riskis dazRvevis mova-
lesTan SedarebiT kreditoris upiratesi SesaZlebloba;550 (3) kredi-
toris mxridan (a) mosalodneli zianis odenobis Sefasebisa da (b) am
zianisgan movalesTan SedarebiT SeRavaTiani pirobebiT dazRvevis Se-
saZlebloba.551
movalis mier zianis warmoSobis riskis sadazRvevo paketiT
uzrunvelyofa ar ganixileba pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis
safuZvlad da mas kreditoris winaSe pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvris
TvalsazrisiT, mniSvneloba ar eniWeba. kreditors, saamisod aucile-
Massachusetts and London, England, 2006, 326; Buxbaum R.M., Modification and Adaptation of Contracts:
American Legal Developments, 1985, 33-34, wignSi: Horn N.(ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of
Publishers, 1985.
548 ix. iqve, 345.
549 Posner R.A., Rosenfield A.M., Impossibility and Related Doctrines in Contract Law: An Economic
Analysis, J. legal Stud., Vol. 6, 1977, 87, 88-89.

550 ix. Clay v. Landreth, 187 Va. 169, 180, 45 S.E. 2d 875, 880-88. aRniSnul saqmeSi valdebulebis
Sesrulebis moTxovna gamoiricxa, rameTu myidvels, gamyidvelTan SedarebiT,
riskisgan dazRvevis ukeTesi pirobebi hqonda. ix. Yorio E., Thel S., Contract Enforcement, 2nd
ed., Wolters Kluwer Law and Business, Aspen Publishers, 2011, 5-6.
Analysis, J. Legal Stud., Vol. 6, 1977, 87, 92.

114
beli winapirobebis arsebobisas, SeuZlia movalisgan moiTxovos sa-
dazRvevo kompaniis mier movalisaTvis asanazRaurebuli Tanxa.552
posnerisa da rosenfildis mosazrebiT, Teoria riskis umTav-
resad matarebeli mxaris Sesaxeb, pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufle-
bis kriteriumad ZiriTadad, saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi ganixileba.
sawinaaRmdegod amisa, prof. bruneri miiCnevs, rom xsenebuli Teoria
ar SeiZleba pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisTvis samarTlis zogad
principad gamoiyenebodes Secvlili garemoebebis warmoSobis an
forsmaJoris arsebobisas. amis mizezad igi ramdenime garemoebas asa-
xelebs: pasuxismgebeli mxaris riskis sferos gansazRvra Zalian far-
To kriteriumia pasuxismgeblobis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT. amasTan,
rodesac kontrahentTa riskis sferoebi xelSekrulebis dadebis
etapze gansazRvruli ar aris, mxareebma ar ician Tu ra zomebis mi-
Reba evalebaT am riskis ganxorcielebisa da pasuxismgeblobis Tavi-
dan asacileblad.553 aRniSnuli principi kontraqtorebisaTvis miu-
Reblad unda CaiTvalos, radgan mis safuZvelze riskis matarebeli
mxare sasamarTlos mier ganisazRvreba mxolod Secvlili garemoebis
warmoSobis Semdeg. Tumca, aRniSnuli gonier saxelSekrulebo mxare-
ebs ubiZgebs damabrkolebeli garemoebis warmoSobis potenciuri
riskisa da kontrahentebis pasuxismgeblobis, xelSekrulebis dadebis
etapze gansazRvris wess, mianiWon upiratesoba.554
Tu xelSekrulebis ganmartebiT riskis gadanawilebis sakiTxi
ar ikveTeba, pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis saxelSekrulebo
riskis normatiuli wesi555 da kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili pasuxis-
mgeblobis gamomricxveli safuZvlebi imoqmedebs. magaliTad, rogorc
wesi, saqonlis miwodebamde, sanam xelSekrulebis sagani myidvelis
gankargulebis sferoSi moeqceva, sabazro fasebis gauTvaliswinebe-
li zrdis riski gamyidvels ekisreba. dabrkolebebi, romlebic gane-
kuTvneba valdebulebis momzadebis, organizaciisa da ganxorciele-
bis sferos, rogorc wesi, movalis riskis sferoSi moiazreba.
amrigad, saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Seusruleblobis ris-
ki, rogorc wesi, movalis mxaresaa, sanam igi ar gaTavisufldeba pir-
veladi valdebulebisagan naturiT Sesrulebis safuZvelze. am Sem-
TxvevaSi valdebuli piris ,,pasuxismgeblobis masStabi ganisazRvreba
imdenad ara misi qceviT, aramed im sferoTi, saidanac momdinareobs
553 iqve.
554 Kull A., Mistake, Frustration, and the Windfall Principle of Contract Remedies, Hastings L.J., Vol. 43,
1991, 46-47,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/hastlj43&div=11&g_sent=1&collection=journals>,
[17.04.2014].
performance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2009, 117-118.
115
valdebulebis Sesrulebis Seferxeba.~556 unda miekuTvnos Tu ara
valdebulebis Sesrulebis damabrkolebeli garemoeba movalis pasu-
xismgeblobis sferos, SeiZleba dadgindes mxolod xelSekrulebis
Sinaarsis an imis safuZvelze, rac mxareebs keTilgonivrulad eqne-
bodaT SeTanxmebuli.557
Tu gamyidvelis erTaderTi valdebuleba myidvelisaTvis saqon-
lis gadacemaa (Schickschuld), maSin valdebulebis Sesrulebis riski
kreditorze mxolod qonebis gadacemis momentidan gadainacvlebs, ma-
namde ki aRniSnuli riskis matareblad movale iTvleba,558 rac imas
niSnavs, rom, Tu qoneba myidvelisaTvis gadacemamde daiRupeba, gam-
yidvels aRar moeTxoveba valdebulebis Sesrulebis kidev erTi
mcdeloba, miuxedavad imisa, rom valdebulebiTi urTierToba Sesru-
lebiT ar Semwydara.559 am SemTxvevaSi movale Tavisufldeba valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebis pirveladi movaleobisagan. igive wesi moqmedebs
individualuri niSniT gansazRvruli nivTis ganadgurebis
pirobebSi: 560 valdebulebis Sesrulebis riskis uaryofiTi Sedegi mo-
valisaTvis imiT vlindeba, rom igi valdebulia, gamyidvels daubru-
nos saqonlis saxelSekrulebo fasi.
zogadi wesis Tanaxmad, gvarovnuli niSniT gansazRvruli val-
debulebis SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli saqonlis moZiebis riski
gamyidvels akisria, ramdenadac obieqturad xelmisawvdomia xelSek-
rulebis sagani sasaqonlo bazarze an SeTanxmebiT gansazRvruli mi-
wodebis wyaros gamoyenebiT.561 movalem xelSekrulebis sagani auci-
leblad unda Caanacvlos analogiuri gvarovnuli nivTiT. Tu aRniS-
nulis droulad ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia, maSin mxarem unda da-
amtkicos, rom vadiani Sesrulebis dabrkoleba arakontrolirebadi
da gauTvaliswinebeli movleniT iyo gamowveuli.562 movalis pasuxis-
556pelegrino m., subieqturi Tu obieqturi saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgebloba?

saiubileo krebuli `sergo jorbenaZe – 70~, Tb., 1996, 160.
557Sead. Stoll H., in: Kommentar zum Einheitlichen UN-Kaufrecht, 2, Aufl., München 1995, Caemmerer E.,
Schlechtriem P. (Hrsg.) Art.79 Rdnr.7; Keil A., Die Haftungsbefreiung des Schulners im UN-Krankfurt am
Main 1993, 105 ff., miTiTebulia: pelegrino m., subieqturi Tu obieqturi saxelSekrule-
bo pasuxismgebloba? saiubileo krebuli `sergo jorbenaZe – 70~, Tb., 1996, 162.
558 Lookofsky J.L., Understanding the CISG: A Compact Guide to the 1980 United Nations Convention on
Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 3rd ed., Publishing Copenhagen, Wolters Kluwer Law and
Business, Austin, Boston, Chicago, New York, The Netherlands, 2008, 100.
559 ix. gsk-is (German Civil Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesministerium der Justiz, Juris GmbH,
Saarbrücken, 2005) §362.

ed., Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 410.

(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1074; Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under
116
mgebloba ar gamoiricxeba misi mimwodeblis mxridan valdebulebis
Seusruleblobis safuZvliT.563 Tumca, movales misi mimwodeblis mi-
marT regresis wesiT eqneba zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba.564
gamyidvelis aRniSnul valdebulebas upirispirdeba myidvelis mier
miRebuli saqonlis sargeblianobis dakargvis riski. myidveli Sesru-
lebis miRebaze ver ganacxadebs uars im safuZvliT, rom saqonels ve-
Rar gayidis saerTod an sasurvel fasad. Sesrulebis miRebaze uaris
Tqmis safuZveli ver gaxdeba aseve is garemoeba Tu saqoneli gamouye-
nebelia myidvelisaTvis an ukeTesi da uaxlesi warmoebis produqtia
bazarze xelmisawvdomi.565
riskis gadanawilebis aRniSnuli normatiuli wesi SesaZlebe-
lia mxareTa SeTanxmebiT Seicvalos da movalis kontrolis sfero-
dan gamoiricxos pasuxismgebloba Secvlili garemoebebis warmoSobi-
saTvis. magaliTad, mxarem SesaZlebelia xelSekrulebiT ikisros sa-
qonlis gagzavna myidvelisaTvis misi miwodebis (Cabarebis) valdebu-
lebis nacvlad, rac bunebrivia, movalis kontrolis sferodan gamo-
ricxavs saqonlis transportirebis periodSi misi SemTxveviTi da-
Rupvisa Tu ganadgurebis risks.
pasuxismgeblobis normatiuli wesi ar gamoiyeneba, rodesac
riskis matarebeli mxare xelSekrulebiT aris gansazRvruli. amri-
gad, posnerisa da rosenfildis Teoria xelSekrulebis interpreta-
ciisas damxmare mniSvnelobisaa riskis matarebeli mxaris dadgenis
TvalsazrisiT,566 romelic damxmare wesis saxiT SesaZlebelia gamo-
yenebul iqnes pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis, rodesac tradici-
uli kriteriumebi saamisod ar aris sakmarisi.567
2.5.2. pasuxismgeblobis sferos gansazRvra da saxelSekrulebo

riskis gadanawileba urTierTSeTanxmebiT
mxareebma urTierTSeTanxmebiT SesaZlebelia gaiTvaliswinon

saxelSekrulebo riskis kanonisgan gansxvavebuli ganawileba. kon-
trahentTa avtonomiurobis principidan gamomdinare, saxelSekrulebo
riskis sakiTxis gadawyvetisTvis upiratesoba eniWeba xelSemkvrel
mxareTa nebis, maTi ganzraxvis dadgenas.
urTierTSeTanxmebiT valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riski Se-
saZlebelia xelSekrulebis erT-erT monawiles daekisros, imis mi-
564 iqve, 1076.
565 iqve, 1077.
Analysis, J. legal Stud., 6, 1977, 87, 90.

117
xedviT Tu, mizanSewonilobisa da samarTlianobis gaTvaliswinebiT,
,,xelSekrulebis romel monawiles aqvs Seusruleblobis gamomwvevi
garemoebis Tavidan acilebis SesaZlebloba.~568 iuridiul literatu-
raSi gavrcelebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, saxelSekrulebo riski un-
da daekisros mxares, romelsac metad SeuZlia winaswar gansazRvros
misi warmoSobis SesaZlebloba, an Tavidan aicilos igi.569
saxelSekrulebo riskis farglebis dadgenisaTvis unda
Sefasdes pirdapir an nagulisxmevad ekisreba Tu ara movales valde-
bulebis Seusruleblobis riski. mxarem sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis
sferodan gamoricxa garkveuli dabrkolebis warmoSobis riski Tu
piriqiT, gaafarTova Tavisi kontrolis sfero, xelSekrulebis obieq-
turi ganmartebis safuZvelze, faqtobrivi garemoebebis gonivruli
gansjisa da mxareTa saxelSekrulebo miznis dadgenis gziT unda
ganxorcieldes.
mxaris pasuxismgeblobis sfero gafarToebulia, Tu man pirda-
piri an nagulisxmevi formiT garantirebuli gaxada xelSekrulebiT
misaRwevi Sedegi. mocemul SemTxvevaSi movales pasuxismgebloba dae-
kisreba ara mxolod misi kontrolisa da gavlenis sferoSi Semava-
li, aramed mis miRma warmoSobili dabrkolebisTvisac. Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobisas kreditorisaTvis gamosayenebeli meoredi moTxovnis
uflebebidan marTalia, gamoiricxeba damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxov-
na, magram movalis mier valdebulebis SemTxveviTi Seusruleblobis
riskis sakuTar Tavze aRebis SemTxvevaSi, SeuzRudavia zianis anazRa-
urebis moTxovnis uflebis xelmisawvdomoba.
xelSekrulebaSi SesaZlebelia ganmtkicdes debulebebi, rom-
lebic adastureben xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze garkveuli faq-
tobrivi garemoebebis utyuar arsebobas, rac meore mxaris mier sa-
xelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi CarTvis umTavres motivsa da safuZ-
vels qmnis. Tu faqtobrivi garemoebebi mcdari aRmoCndeba, maSin mxa-
res, romelmac faqtebis sinamdvile garantirebuli gaxada, upirobod
daekisreba pasuxismgebloba, miuxedavad imisa, icoda Tu ara man aR-
niSnulis Sesaxeb.570
568 Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University
Press, New York, 2006, 406.
569 iqve, 345.
118
2.5.3. saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba an
SezRudva-gamoricxva urTierTSeTanxmebiT
savaWro sferoSi brunvis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare yovel-

Tvis arsebobs ekonomikuri krizisis riski.571 sayuradReboa, rom sa-
erTaSoriso savaWro urTierTobebSi sabazro fasebis cvlileba ma-
Rali xarisxis riskiT aris mosalodneli Sidasaxelmwifoebriv samo-
qalaqo brunvasTan SedarebiT.572 aRniSnuli aiZulebs mxareebs saxel-
Sekrulebo SeTanxmebiT SezRudon an gamoricxon pasuxismgebloba ma-
Ti riskis sferoSi Semavali garemoebis warmoSobisaTvis an ikisron
pasuxismgebloba damabrkolebeli garemoebebis aRmocenebaze. aRniS-
nuli xelSekrulebis ganmartebis gziT unda Sefasdes.573
magaliTad, xelSekrulebis safuZvelze mxarem SesaZlebelia:
- ikisros valdebulebis Sesasruleblad aucilebeli qmedebis
ganxorcielebis da ara konkretuli Sedegis miRwevis valdebu-
leba ikisros;
- konkretuli garemoebis warmoSobas daukavSiros xelSekrule-
bidan gasvlis uflebis gamoyeneba;
- SezRudos an gamoricxos saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgebloba
valdebulebis darRvevisaTvis;
- gansazRvros iseTi saxelSekrulebo pirobis (renegotiation clause)
dadgenis aucilebloba, romelic mimarTuli iqneba grZelvadian
urTierTobebSi saxelSekrulebo fasis cvlilebis riskis mowes-
rigebisken,574
- daadginos saxelSekrulebo fasis gansazRvris moqnili meqa-
nizmi, kriteriumi, romelic fiqsirebuli fasebisgan gansxvave-
biT, uzrunvelyofs fasebis modificirebas Secvlili garemoebe-
bis Sesabamisad;
- Semofarglos misi valdebuleba saqonlis gagzavnis da ara mi-
wodebis valdebulebiT da a.S.
am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania hamburgis saapelacio sasa-
marTlos gadawyvetileba,575 romlis Tanaxmad, gamyidveli xelSekru-
lebis sagnis momwodeblisgan moZiebis valdebulebisa da riskis ma-
tarebelia. movalis pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis safuZve-
571 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 6 iv-
lisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010.

574 Draetta U., Lake R. B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation of International Contracts, An Introduction to
the Lex Mercatoria, Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1992, 172.

575 OLG Hamburg, Appellate Court Hamburg (Iron molybdenum case), 1 U 167/95, 28 February, 1997,
<http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/970228g1.html>, [27.06.2014].
119
li SeiZleba gaxdes msgavsi an identuri xarisxis saqonlis mospoba
bazarze. sasamarTlom movalis pasuxismgeblobis sferos miakuTvna
sammagad gazrdili sabazro fasebis riski, radgan mxareTa Soris ga-
formebuli xelSekruleba maRali xarisxis spekulaciur SeTanxmebad
Seafasa. spekulaciuri SeTanxmebis pirobebSi SeuZlebelia fiqsire-
bulad ganisazRvros saxelSekrulebo fasi. am SemTxvevaSi mxares Se-
saZlebelia moeTxovos gasammagebuli sabazro fasis gadaxdac. fase-
bis msgavsi cvlilebebi sruliad mosalodneli da damaxasiaTebelia
spekulaciuri xasiaTis garigebisTvis.576
gamyidvelis pasuxismgebloba Sesrulebis sagnis moZiebisaTvis
SesaZlebelia SeizRudos mxolod naTlad formulirebuli saxel-
Sekrulebo pirobis safuZvelze, romlis arsebobis mtkicebis tvir-
Tic Tavad gamyidvels akisria.577
amrigad, SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli saqonlis mopovebaze
riskis erT-erT kontrahentze dakisrebis SesaZlebloba saxelSekru-
lebo pasuxismgeblobis farglebSi umTavresad sasamarTlo praqti-
kam aRiara.578
forsmaJorul daTqmasTan mimarTebiT aucileblad unda dad-
gindes, igi mxolod gansazRvruli riskisagan mxaris ganTavisufle-
bas adgens, Tu zRudavs movalis pasuxismgeblobas.579
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.1.6-e muxli Seexeba pa-
suxismgeblobis gamomricxvel saxelSekrulebo debulebebs580, xolo
evropuli principebis 8:109-e muxli eTmoba iseT sakontraqto piro-
bebs, romlebic zRudaven an gamoricxaven samarTlebrivi dacvis sa-
Sualebebis gamoyenebas.581 evropuli principebis 8:109-e muxli, araer-
Ti qveynis erovnuli kanonmdeblobis msgavsad, dauSveblad acxadebs
winaswari saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT pasuxismgeblobis gamoricx-
vas valdebulebis ganzraxi darRvevisaTvis.582
sasamarTloebi aRWurvilni arian farTo diskreciuli ufleba-
mosilebiT, romlis ZaliTac pirobebi, samarTlebrivi dacvis saSua-
lebebis SezRudvis an gamoricxvis Sesaxeb, ar gamoiyeneba Tu isini
Tavisi arsiT mniSvnelovnad ewinaaRmdegeba samarTlianobis, keTil-
sindisierebisa da gulisxmierebis principebs da arRvevs saxelSekru-
577 iqve, 149.
578 Swiss Federal Tribunal, 05.04.2005, 5.1, 4C.474/2004, CISG-online No. 1012; BGH 12.01.1994, VIII ZR
165/92; BGHZ 49, 388 (1968).

580 Exemption Clauses.
581
Clause Limiting or Excluding Remedies.
582 gsk-is (German Civil Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesministerium der Justiz, Juris GmbH,
Saarbrücken, 2005) $276 (3), Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, part I and II,
Kluwer Law International, The Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 388-390.
120
lebo wonasworobas.583 amrigad, ar aqvs iuridiuli Zala samarTleb-
rivi dacvis saSualebis gamoricxvis an SezRudvis Sesaxeb saxelSek-
rulebo pirobas, romelic Tavisi arsiT usamarTloa da mniSvnelov-
nad arRvevs mxareTa interesebis balanss.
gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa saxelSekrulebo daTqmebiT mxari-
saTvis saxelSekrulebo riskis dakisreba ara konkretuli garemoebi-
sa da misi gansazRvruli Sedegebis aRmocenebisaTvis, aramed movalis
zogadi pasuxismgeblobis ganmtkiceba valdebulebis Sesrulebaze yo-
velgvari Secvlili garemoebis gamovlenis miuxedavad. msgavs SeTan-
xmebas ar SeiZleba mboWavi Zala hqondes, radgan keTilsindisierebi-
sa da samarTlianobis principebis TvalsazrisiT, man SeiZleba gamo-
iwvios gaumarTleblad mZime Sedegebi pasuxismgebeli mxarisaTvis. am-
rigad, saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT Secvlili garemoebebis aRmoce-
nebis riskis gadakisreba mxareze SesaZlebelia moxdes mxolod kon-
kretuli garemoebis da misi gansazRvruli masStabiT warmoSobisaT-
vis, radgan movaleze yovelgvari Secvlili garemoebis gamovleni-
saTvis pasuxismgeblobis daweseba, rodesac ucnobia mosalodneli
uaryofiTi Sedegebis moculoba da masStabi, gaumarTlebeli iqnebo-
da samarTlianobis, samarTlebrivi gansazRvrulobisa da saxelSek-
rulebo wonasworobis principebis TvalsazrisiT. amitomac, iuridi-
ul doqtrinaSi saxelSekrulebo daTqmebiT riskisa da Sesabamisi pa-
suxismgeblobis gadanawileba aRiarebulia mxolod konkretuli ga-
remoebis da ara zogadad nebismieri gauTvaliswineblobis aRmocene-
bis SemTxvevisaTvis.584 Sesabamisad, forsmaJorul daTqmebs sasamar-
Tlo Zalian viwrod ganmartavs da pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuf-
lebis safuZvlad zustad im garemoebis aRmocenebas uTiTebs, rac
mxareTa SeTanxmebiT iyo dadgenili da ar uSvebs garemoebis ganzo-
gadebis da analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.585
mniSvnelovania, rom mxareze pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis sa-
fuZveli ar imoqmedebs, Tu Secvlili garemoeba umTavresad im mxaris
braliT aris gamowveuli, vis sasargeblodac zemoaRniSnuli daTqmis
ganmtkiceba moxda.586
Tu valdebulebis Sesrulebis ukiduresi garTuleba gamoiwvia
ara TviT Secvlili garemoebebis aRmocenebam, aramed maT xSirma in-
tensivobam, maSin mxares SeuZlia, kanoniT dadgenili Sesabamisi wina-
Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 388-390; Comment No. 5 on art. 7.1.6 UPICC.
584 Böckstiegel K.H., Hardship, Force Majeure and Special Risks Clauses in International Contracts, 1985,
160 wignSi: Horn N. (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and Finance,
Deventer/The Netherlands, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1985.
585 Kel Kim Corp. v. Central Mkts., Inc., 519 N.E.2d 295, 296 (N.Y. 1987), miTiTebulia: Hillman R.A.,
Principles of Contract Law, 2nd ed., The Concise Hornbook Series, West, 2009, 317.
121
pirobebis dacviT, Tavisuflad mimarTos Sesrulebis garTulebisaT-
vis gaTvaliswinebul samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebs, radgan, ro-
gorc aRiniSna, mxareTa SeTanxmebiT saxelSekrulebo riskis gadana-
wileba SesaZlebelia mxolod konkretuli movlenis aRmocenebasa da
misi Sedegebis gansazRvrul moculobaze gavrceldes.587
2.5.4. Secvlili garemoebebis momwesrigebeli normebis imperatiuli

Tu dispoziciuri samarTlebrivi buneba?
Secvlili garemoebebis momwesrigebel normebs kontinenturi ev-

ropis qveynebis samarTlebriv sistemaSi imperatiuli Zala aqvT. is-
toriulad Secvlili garemoebebis institutis samarTlebriv sivrce-
Si damkvidreba saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobisa da keTilsindisie-
rebis, samoqalaqo brunvis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis principe-
biT iyo motivirebuli. Sesabamisad, maTi imperatiuli moqmedeba ze-
moxsenebuli fundamenturi principebis dacvisa da ganxorcielebis
garantiebs qmnis. ase magaliTad, gsk-is Secvlili garemoebebis mom-
wesrigebeli 313-e paragrafi imperatiul normad aris aRiarebuli, ra-
meTu igi keTilsindisierebis principis gamomxatvelia.588 igive SeiZ-
leba iTqvas nsk-is 6:258-e muxlze, romlis imperatiuli buneba krZa-
lavs misi moqmedebis gamoricxvas saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT.589
msgavsi konceftualuri midgoma arsebobs angloamerikul samarTleb-
riv sistemaSic. magaliTad, aesk-is 2:615-e muxlic ganamtkicebs komer-
ciuli ganuxorcieleblobisa da miznis amaoebis doqtrinaTa moqme-
debis urTierTSeTanxmebiT gamoricxvis akrZalvas.
DCFR-is oficialuri komentaris Tanaxmad, mxareebs xelSekru-
lebis Tavisuflebisa da nebis avtonomiis principis590 ZaliT miniWe-
buli aqvT ufleba urTierTSeTanxmebiT gamoricxon Secvlili gare-
moebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis kanoniT dadgenili wesis591
gamoyeneba592 da Tavad gansazRvron saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblo-
Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 205-206.
International Contract Law, Kluwer Law International BV/Printed in Netherlands, European Review of
Private Law, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2007, 490, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1154004>,
[30.06.2014].
589 Hondius E.H., Grigoleit H. Ch., Unexpected Circumstances in European Contract Law, Cambridge Uni-
versity Press, New York, 2011, 73-74.

590 ix. DCFR-is 1:102-e muxli.
591 ix. DCFR-is III.- 1:110-e muxli.
122
bis wesi Secvlili garemoebebis aRmocenebis SemTxvevisaTvis. DCFR-
is komentaris Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebis Tavisuflebis principze da-
saSvebia mxolod minimaluri zemoqmedeba, isic mxolod susti mxaris
uflebebis ganxorcielebisTvis. calkeuli saxelSekrulebo normi-
saTvis imperatiuli Zalis miniWebisas unda Sefasdes xom ar iqneba
samarTlianobis moqnili principi sakmarisi mxareTa interesebis uz-
runvelsayofad, rameTu samarTlianobis testi mxareTa saxelSekru-
lebo Tavisuflebisa da nebis avtonomiis sferoSi nakleb Carevas gu-
lisxmobs. amasTan, usamarTlo saxelSekrulebo pirobas mboWavi Zala
ar aqvs.593
marTalia, xelSekrulebis Sinaarsis gansazRvris Tavisufle-
bisaTvis samarTlianobis winapirobis dawesebiT arsobrivad identu-
ri Sedegi miiRweva, rac Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis
misadagebis uflebis gamoricxvis imperatiuli normis safuZvelze ak-
rZalviT, magram am ukanaskneli meTodis upiratesobaze metyvelebs
Semdegi: DCFR-is II.–3:301-e muxli594, romelic dauSveblad acxadebs
mxareTa urTierTSeTanxmebiT gamoiricxos maTi valdebuleba, saxel-
Sekrulebo molaparakebebi awarmoon keTilsindisierebisa da gulis-
xmierebis principTa Sesabamisad. vinaidan Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
xelSekrulebis misadagebis uflebac keTilsindisierebisa da samar-
Tlianobis principebiT aris motivirebuli, keTilsindisierebis prin-
cipis SezRudvis amkrZalavi imperatiuli normebis safuZvelze
baTilad unda iqnes aRiarebuli Sesrulebis garTulebis pirobebSi
gamosayenebeli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis SezRudva saxel-
Sekrulebo SeTanxmebiT.
amrigad, dauSvebelia kontrahentebs mieniWoT Secvlili gare-
moebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis normebis ugulebelyofisa
da yovelgvari moulodneli saxelSekrulebo cvlilebisaTvis pasu-
xismgeblobis erT mxareze gadakisrebis ufleba, rameTu saxelSekru-
lebo pasuxismgeblobis gadanacvleba dasaSvebia mxolod konkretu-
li garemoebis cvlilebis, misi gansazRvruli masStabisa da mocu-
lobis SedegebisaTvis. Secvlili garemoebebis momwesrigebeli norme-
bisaTvis imperatiuli Zalis miniWeba uzrunvelyofs, rom mxares Se-
ezRudos ufleba, winaswari SeTanxmebiT gamoricxos saxelSekru-
lebo samarTlianobis, xelSekrulebis gadarCenis, saxelSekrulebo
Sellier, European Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 53-54, <http://ec.europa.eu/justice/contract/files/-
european-private-law_en.pdf>, [30.06.2014].
123
wonasworobis aRdgenis da mxareTa saukeTeso interesebis samar-
Tlebrivi dacvis saSualeba – molaparakebis savaldebulooba da
xelSekrulebis adaptacia. miT umetes, dauSveblad unda iyos
cnobili winaswari SeTanxmebiT xelSekrulebis adaptaciis gamoric-
xva, rameTu mxareTaTvis winaswar gauTvaliswinebelia Secvlili
garemoebebis gavleniT valdebulebis garTulebis masStabi da
xarisxi. aseTi daTqma araprognozirebadi Sedegebis dadgomis risks
Seqmnida da mxares gamoaclida xelSekrulebis adaptaciis meqanizms
ukiduresad garTulebuli valdebulebis pirobebSi.
nebis avtonomia da saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebis Tavisufleba
SesaZlebelia mxolod gavrceldes saxelSekrulebo riskis gadana-
wilebis, pasuxismgeblobis masStabebis, molaparakebis warmoebis
proceduris, TanamSromlobis valdebulebis Sinaarsis, Setyobinebis
proceduris, xelSekrulebis adaptaciis pirobebis, kriteriumebis,
principebis, adaptaciis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi xelSekrulebis
SeCerebis595/Sewyvetis596 sakiTxebze da gamosayenebel meoredi moTxov-
nis uflebebze. Mmagram imperatiuli Zala unda mieniWos molaparake-
bis savaldebuloobas, misadagebis upiratesobas (SewyvetasTan Seda-
rebiT) da maT xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobad dawesebas.
Secvlili garemoebebis doqtrinis saxelSekrulebo SeTanxme-
biT gamoricxva, misi imperatiuli moqmedebis ararsebobis SemTxveva-
Si, swored im fuZemdebluri principebis – samarTlianobis, eko-
nomikuri stabilurobis, sikeTeTa samarTliani gacvlis, xelSekru-
lebis uzenaesobis da keTilsindisierebis SezRudvas iwvevs, romel-
sac aRniSnuli doqtrina Tavad emyareba.
Sesabamisad, mizanSewonilia Secvlili garemoebebis sakiTxis
momwesrigebeli ssk-is debulebebi imperatiul normebad ganimartos
an ganmtkicdes samoqalaqo kodeqsSi.
2.5.5. xelSekrulebaSi nagulisxmevi riskis ganmarteba
saxelSekrulebo riskis farglebi SesaZlebelia SeTanxmebaSi

pirdapir ganisazRvrebodes an nagulisxmevad dgindebodes obieqturi
ganmartebis gziT.
nagulisxmevi riskis ganmartebis TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa
litvis uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saqmeze, romlis faq-
tobrivi garemoebebis Tanaxmad, kompaniis wilebis Semsyidvelma mova-
lem saxelSekrulebo fasis 20%-is gadaxdis Semdgom uari ganacxada
595 Konarski H., Force Majeure and Hardship Clauses in International Contractual Practice, Int’l Bus. L. J.,
Vol. 4, 2003, 405-407; Al-Emadi T.A., The Hardship and Force Majeure Clauses in International Petroleum
Joint Venture Agreements, oxford Student Legal Research Paper Series, #02/2011, July 2011, 4,
<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1878558>.
124
sruli Tanxis angariSsworebaze im safuZvliT, rom kompania gadaxdi-
suunaro gaxda wilebis fasis mniSvnelovani Semcirebis mizeziT. sa-
samarTlom ar gaiziara mxaris argumentebi da ganmarta, rom xelSek-
rulebis sagani _ kompaniis wilebi fasTa cvalebadobis maRali ris-
kiT xasiaTdeboda, rac nagulisxmevad myidvels akisrebda maTi Rire-
bulebis gaufasurebis risks.597
garkveuli saxelSekrulebo garemoebebi SesaZlebelia mxares
nagulisxmevad akisrebdes valdebulebis Seusruleblobis risks. ma-
galiTad:
(a) dabrkolebis winaswar gaTvaliswinebis SesaZlebloba Sesa-
bamis mxares akisrebs valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis
risks.598
(b) grZelvadiani valdebulebiTi urTierTobis arseboba buneb-
rivad gulisxmobs garemoebaTa cvlilebis obieqtur SesaZleblobas,
rac mxareebs akisrebs Secvlili garemoebebis winaswar gansazRvris
valdebulebasa da Sesabamisad, xelSekrulebis Seusruleblobis
risks. grZelvadiani valdebulebiTi urTierTobis erT-erTi Tavisebu-
reba gulisxmobs, rom mxareebi umTavresad Secvlili garemoebebisad-
mi xelSekrulebis misadagebis mizans isaxaven, vidre xelSekrulebis
Sewyvetas an yvela SesaZlo cvlilebis winaswar gaTvaliswinebis ga-
nuxorcielebel amocanas.599
(g) xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli valdebulebis xasiaTi. SesaZ-
lebelia, movalis pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi imTaviTve moiazrebodes
valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riskis arseboba. magaliTad, Tu xel-
Sekruleba iTvaliswinebs Sesrulebas garkveuli teqnologiuri miR-
wevis safuZvelze, romelic SesaZlebelia ver ganxorcieldes.
(d) kreditoris riski, gamoiyenos miRebuli Sesruleba xelSek-
rulebis dadebis etapze gamiznuli saxiT. magaliTad, myidveli Ses-
rulebis miRebaze ver ganacxadebs uars im safuZvliT, rom SeuZlebe-
li gaxda xelSekrulebis sagnis gamoyeneba garigebis dadebis etapze
gaTvaliswinebuli formiT. riskis amgvari gadanawileba SeiZleba Se-
icvalos Tu miRebuli Sesrulebis konkretuli saxiT gamoyeneba mxa-
reebma saerTo miznad gansazRvres. am SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgeblobis-
gan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad miznis amaoeba SeiZleba iqnes gamoye-
nebuli.
597 G.Brencius v. Ukio investicine grupe, Supreme Court of Lituania, 19.05.2003, n.3K-3-612, <http://www.-
unilex.info/case.cfm?pid=2&do=case&id=1183&step=Abstract>.
nagulisxmevi riskis Sesaxeb msgavsi argumentaciis gadawyvetileba ixileT: Centro de
Arbitraje de México (CAM), 30.11.2006, <www.unilex.info/case.cfm?pid=2&do=case&id=1149&step=Abs-
trac>t>, [30.06.2014].
2012, 672.
599 Draetta U., Lake R. B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation of International Contracts, An Introduction to
the Lex Mercatoria, Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1992, 171.
125
(e) valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riski, rodesac magaliTad,
myidvels ekisreba SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli teqnikuri masalebis
miwodebis valdebuleba. Tu myidvelis mxridan SesrulebisaTvis au-
cilebeli saSualebebis miwodebis valdebulebis ganxorcieleba obi-
eqturad SeuZlebeli gaxdeba, maSin gamyidveli ganTavisufldeba
sanacvlo valdebulebisgan, ramdenadac SesrulebisaTvis aucilebe-
li qmedebis ganxorcieleba – masalebis miwodeba, myidvelis kontro-
lis sferoSi moiazreba. Tu damtkicdeba, rom gamyidvelsac miuZRvis
brali myidvelis valdebulebis SeusruleblobaSi, maSin Sesabamisi
proporciiT pasuxismgeblobas orive mxare gaiziarebs.
(v) saqonlis transportirebis xarjebis gauTvaliswinebeli
zrda. valdebulebis Sesrulebamde transportirebis xarjebi myidve-
lis riskis sferoSi moiazreba. maTi gauTvaliswinebeli zrdisas
Sesrulebis fasi ganisazRvreba miwodebis momentSi arsebuli tari-
fiT.600
2.5.6. arabraleuli Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis riskis problema
arabraleuli Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis riskis problema

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi pasuxis-
mgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis. am TvalsazrisiT unda dadgindes, Tu
ra datvirTvas iZens saqonlis SemTxveviTi daRupvisa da ganadgure-
bis riski saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobasTan mimarTebiT.
rogorc aRiniSna, kreditoris gankargulebis sferoSi saqon-
lis gadasvlamde misi SemTxveviTi daRupvisa da ganadgurebis riski
movalis mxaresaa. evropuli principebis 7:112-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Ses-
rulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi ekisreba valdebulebis Semsru-
lebel mxares. ,,Sesrulebis sagnis transportireba, fuladi Tanxis
gadaricxva, riskis dazRveva movalis valdebulebaTa sferos gane-
kuTvneba~601. Tu transportirebis procesSi SemTxveviT daiRupeba gva-
rovnuli niSniT gansazRvruli nivTi, maSin movale pasuxismgebeli
iqneba kreditoris winaSe ganadgurebuli saqonlis ekvivalenturi
Rirebulebis gvarovnuli nivTiT Secvlaze. movalis mier ganadgure-
buli saqonlis axliT Canacvleba xorcieldeba isev valdebulebis
Sesrulebis farglebSi da saxelSekrulebo urTierToba meoradi
moTxovnis uflebebis samarTlebriv reJimSi ar transformirdeba. Tu
movalis riskiT daiRupa individualuri nivTi, maSin warmoiSoba
valdebulebis arabraleuli darRveva Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis sa-
126
xiT. damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovnis ufleba gamoricxulia,602 rad-
gan Sesrulebis sagani obieqturad aRar arsebobs.603 kreditori uf-
lebamosilia, mimarTos xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis
uflebas,604 ris safuZvelzec mas ubrundeba ganxorcielebuli Sesru-
leba nivTis gadacemuli safasuris saxiT. kreditoris mimarT dam-
dgari ziani anazRaurebas ar daeqvemdebareba, vinaidan ar iarsebebs
zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis Semdegi aucilebeli winapirobebi: mi-
zezobrivi kavSiri movalis qmedebasa da zians Soris (SemTxveviTobam
ganapiroba nivTis daRupva) da movalis brali nivTis ganadgurebaSi.
amrigad, Tu Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis Sedegad
kreditorma ganicada ziani, maSin movale Tavisufldeba rogorc Ses-
rulebis valdebulebisagan, ise zianis anazRaurebis movaleobisagan.
amdenad, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis dros warmo-
Sobili zianis riski kreditors ekisreba. arabraleuli movalis zia-
nis anazRaurebis valdebulebisagan ganTavisuflebisas zianis uaryo-
fiTi Sedegebi aseve arabraleuli kreditoris mimarT dgeba, rac, ke-
Tilsindisierebis principis TvalsazrisiT, gaumarTlebelia. marTa-
lia, xelSekrulebis monawileebma SeiZleba gaiTvaliswinon Sesru-
lebis SeuZleblobis warmoSobis riskis kanonisgan gansxvavebuli ga-
danawileba, magram samarTlianobis poziciidan gamarTlebuli iqne-
boda, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis Sedegad warmoSobili
ziani sakanonmdeblo doneze Tanabrad ganawilebuliyo kreditorzec
da movalezec, rogorc xelSekrulebis or Tanabrad arabraleul
mxareze. amiT SesaZlebeli iqneboda garTulebuli samoqalaqo brun-
vis pirobebSi xelSekrulebis monawileebis interesTa balansis uz-
runvelyofa.
2.5.7. Semxvedri valdebulebis Sesrulebis riski da misi

samarTlebrivi Sedegebi
,,valdebulebis Seusruleblobis saxelSekrulebo risks (Leis-

tungsgefahr) upirispirdeba Semxvedri valdebulebis Seusruleblobis
riski (Preisgefahr). sanacvlo valdebulebis Sesrulebis riskis gan-
sazRvrisTvis unda dadgindes, Tu ramdenad inarCunebs movale Sem-
2004, 263.
603 ix. ssk-is (saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, saqarTvelos parlamentis
oficialuri gamocema, ùwyebani~, sakanonmdeblo damateba, #31, 1997) 405-e II (a)
muxli.
604 ix. iqve, 352-e I muxli. aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo
saqmeTa palatis 2011 wlis 14 martis ganCineba saqmeze:L#as-8-5-2011.
127
xvedri Sesrulebis moTxovnis uflebas, maSin, rodesac igi ganTavi-
suflebulia naturiT Sesrulebis pirveladi valdebulebisagan.~605
valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis pirobebSi Sesrule-
bis valdebulebisagan movalis ganTavisufleba imavdroulad gamo-
ricxavs arabraleuli kreditoris mier sanacvlo Sesrulebis gan-
xorcielebis valdebulebas. bunebiTi samarTlis skolis warmomad-
genlebi mxareTa urTierTsanacvlo Sesrulebis movaleobebs ganixi-
lavdnen urTierTdamokidebulad. Sesabamisad, erT-erTi mxaris mier
valdebulebis Seusrulebloba ganapirobebda meore mxaris ganTavi-
suflebas Semxvedri Sesrulebisgan.606
ormxriv xelSekrulebaSi valdebulebis darRvevisas Semxvedri
valdebulebis Sesrulebis sakiTxs aregulirebs ssk-is 406-e muxli,
romlis Tanaxmad, Tu ormxriv xelSekrulebaSi movales ufleba aqvs,
uari Tqvas misTvis dakisrebul valdebulebaze, xolo garemoeba, ro-
melic mas aZlevs amis uflebas, gamowveulia kreditoris braliT, ma-
Sin igi inarCunebs sapasuxo Sesrulebis miRebis uflebas. amrigad,
valdebulebis braleuli Seusrulebloba mxolod kreditors aTavi-
suflebs Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan, romelic inarCunebs Semxved-
ri dakmayofilebis moTxovnis uflebas. amis sapirispirod kredito-
ris mier Sesrulebis miRebis dayovneba ar aris movalis Sesrulebis
movaleobisagan ganTavisuflebis safuZveli, vinaidan kreditoris mi-
er vadis gadacileba, ssk-is mixedviT, valdebulebis darRvevad ar
ganixileba. ,,Sesrulebis miReba-armiReba kreditoris uflebrivi sfe-
roa.~607 amasTan, movale ar Tavisufldeba Sesrulebis valdebulebis-
gan im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sapasuxo Sesrulebis safuZveli kreditoris
mier dayovnebis procesSi warmoiSva.608
Tu kreditoris mier vadis gadacilebis dros warmoSobili
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis mimarT movale arabraleulia, maSin vadis
gadamcilebel kreditors ekisreba saxelSekrulebo fasis gadaxdis
valdebuleba, xolo sanacvlod is ver miiRebs Sesrulebas movalisa-
gan, rac imas niSnavs, rom sanacvlo valdebulebis Seusruleblobis
riski braleuli kreditoris mxaresaa.
Semxvedri valdebulebis Sesrulebis sakiTxs gansazRvravs gsk-
is 326-e I paragrafi, romlis Tanaxmad, Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis sa-
fuZvliT movalis pirveladi valdebulebisagan ganTavisuflebis Sem-
605 Markesinis S. B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise, 2nd
606 ix. Zimmermann R., The Law of Obligations - Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition, Breach of
Contract, Chapter 25, Clarendon, Oxford University Press, 1996, 803.

nawili, Tb., 2001, 448.
608 ix. ssk-is (saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, saqarTvelos parlamentis ofici-
aluri gamocema, ùwyebani~, sakanonmdeblo damateba, #31, 1997) 406-e II muxli.
128
TxvevaSi, kreditors fasis gadaxdis movaleoba aRar daekisreba.609
kreditoris Semxvedri Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan ganTavisufle-
biT realurad xorcieldeba xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi
moTxovnis ufleba.
amrigad, Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis pirobebSi, orive mxare Ta-
visufldeba urTierTsanacvlo valdebulebebisagan, garda im Sem-
Txvevisa, rodesac kreditors brali miuZRvis Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
lobis gamomwvevi garemoebis warmoSobaSi an Sesrulebis SeuZleblo-
bis safuZveli – damabrkolebeli garemoeba kreditoris mier vadis
gadacilebis periodSi warmoiSva.610
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT mizanSewonilia, ssk-Si gan-
mtkicdes norma, romelic gansazRvravs Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis
samarTlebriv Sedegs Semxvedri valdebulebis SesrulebasTan mimar-
TebiT.
3. dabrkolebis gaTvaliswinebis SeuZlebloba

xelSekrulebis dadebis dros
venis konvenciiT forsmaJoris (79-e muxlis) gamoyenebis erT-

erT savaldebulo winapirobad dadgenilia Sesrulebis damabrkole-
beli garemoebis xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze gaTvaliswinebis Se-
uZlebloba.611 mxare pasuxismgeblad cxaddeba im dabrkolebisa da mi-
si SedegebisaTvis, romelTa aRmocenebis SesaZleblobac misTvis go-
nivrulad mosalodneli iyo.612 Tu xelSekrulebis dadebis dros mxa-
res winaswar SeeZlo dabrkolebis warmoSoba evarauda da man aRniS-
609 analogiuri midgomaa gaziarebuli amerikul samarTalSi, sadac valdebulebis

Seusrulebloba sinalagmatikur xelSekrulebebSi aqarwylebs meore mxaris Sem-
xvedri valdebulebis Sesrulebis vadamosulobas, ix. Burton S.J., Contract Law: Selected
Source Materials, Restatement of Law, West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn., 1995, 228.
Saarbrücken, 2005) §326 II.

611 Southerington T. wignSi: Maggi M., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of
Goods (CISG), 2002-2003, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2004, 277; Wright C., Force Majeure
Clauses and the Insurability of Force Majeure Risks, The Construction Lawyer, Vol. 23, 2003, 17,
[06.06.2014]; Horn N., Standard Clauses on Contract Adaptation in International Commerce, 1985, 134,
wignSi: Horn N. (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and Finance,
Deventer/The Netherlands, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1985; Draetta U., Lake R.B., Nanda V.P.,
Breach and Adaptation on International Contracts, An Introduction to Lex Mercatoria, Butterworth Legal
Publishers, 1992, 195.
612
Kofod R., Hardship in International Sales CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles, University of Copenhagen-
Faculty of Law, Pace Law School Institute of International Commercial Law, 2011,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/kofod.html>, [06.06.2014]; Huber P., Mullis A., The CISG A New
Textbook for Students and Practitioners, Selliers, European Law Publishers, 2007, 192; Tallon D., Section IV.
Exemptions, 572-596, in Commentary on the International Sales Law, The 1980 Vienna Sales Convention,
Bianca M. & Bonell M.J, GiuffrèMilan, Milan, 1987.
129
nulis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT ar miiRo Sesabamisi zomebi,613 maSin
masve ekisreba aRniSnuli garemoebis dadgomis riskic.614 zemoxsenebu-
li winapiroba mniSvnelovnad ukavSirdeba movalis ,,gaufrTxileblo-
bis~, ,,daudevrobis~ sakiTxs.615 am SemTxvevaSi movalis brali garemo-
ebis gauTvaliswineblobiT an misi Sedegebis Tavidan acilebis ganu-
xorcieleblobiT vlindeba.
amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom ara mxolod dabrkolebis, aramed
misi warmoSobis momentis gaTvaliswineba ar unda iyos mxarisaTvis
gonivrulad savaraudo. magaliTad, Tanamedrove msoflioSi Stormi,
embargo, omi Teoriulad, zogadad SesaZlebelia savaraudo iyos,616
magram pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvisTvis aucilebelia, rom dabrko-
lebis warmoSobis konkretuli dro ar iyos mosalodneli.617 amasTan,
pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis mniSvnelovania ara movalis mier
dabrkolebis gaTvaliswinebis subieqturi SesaZleblobis, aramed ima-
ve mdgomareobaSi myofi saSualo SesaZleblobebis mqone piris una-
ris gonivruli Sefaseba obieqturi TvalTaxedvidan.618
profesionals misi codnisa da gamocdilebis farglebSi mo-
eTxoveba movlenebis prognozireba. magaliTad, savaWro urTierTo-
bebis monawileTaTvis gonivrulad savaraudoa nedleulis fasis cva-
lebadobis maRali riskis arseboba. Tumca, pasuxismgeblobis dakis-
reba ar SeiZleba savaWro CveulebebSi gauTviTcnobierebel momxmare-
belze. Tanamedrove pirobebSi valutis kursisa da sabazro fasebis
cvlilebis riski Zalian maRali xarisxiT arsebobs gansakuTrebiT
614 Liu Ch., Newman M.S. (ed.) Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT
Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC, Huntington, New York, 2007, 677; Bar Ch., Clive E., Schulte-Nölke H.,
Beale H., Herre J., Huet J., Storme M., Swann S., Varul P., Vaneziano A., Zoll F. (eds.), Principles,
Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law, Draft Common Frame of Reference, Study Group on
a European Civil Code and Research Group on EC Private Law (Acquis Group), Sellier, European Law
Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 740,
616 Secretariat Commentary, Guide to CISG article 79, 2006,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/text/secomm/secomm-79.html>, [06.06.2014]; Perillo J., Force Majeure

and Hardship under the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Contratación
internacional. Comentarios a los Principios sobre los Contratos Comerciales Internacionales del Unidroit,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Universidad Panamericana, 1998, 121,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo3.html?>, [06.06.2014].
617 Jones R., Moens G., International Trade Business Law Review, Vol. 10, 2006, 306.
618
Honnold J., Impediments Excusing Party From Damages ("Force Majeure"), Uniform Law for Internat-
ional Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention, 3rd ed., Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 1999,
472-495, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/ho79.html>, [06.06.2014].
130
grZelvadian saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebSi. Tumca igive wesi ver
gavrceldeba moulodnel da mkveTr cvlilebebze.619
forsmaJoruli garemoebis gaTvaliswinebis SeuZlebloba mova-
lis braleulobis gamomricxav kriteriumad aris miCneuli qarTul
sasamarTlo praqtikaSic.620
evropul principebTan da unidruas saxelSekrulebo principeb-
Tan SedarebiT, romlebic mxolod Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobis
gaTvaliswinebis SeuZleblobis kriteriums icnoben, DCFR moTxovnad
awesebs movlenebis masStaburobis, moculobisa da intensivobis go-
nivrulad gaTvaliswinebis SeuZleblobas.621
iuridiul doqtrinasa da praqtikaSi miCneulia, rom Sesrule-
bis garTulebis TvalsazrisiT SesaZlebelia savaraudo iyos Semdegi
movlenebi: produqciis fasis mkveTri cvlilebebi bazarze,622 arasa-
surveli ekonomikuri Zvrebi, savaluto kursis mkveTri cvlilebebi,
ucxour valutaSi gadaxdis akrZalva centraluri bankis mier xel-
Sekrulebis dadebis Semdeg, saomari moqmedebebi istoriulad dapi-
rispirebul qveynebs Soris.623
aRniSnuli kriteriumis zusti gansazRvra da mtkiceba mxaris
mier Zalian rTulia624 da, umravles SemTxvevaSi, damokidebulia ima-
ze sasamarTlo movlenis damoukidebel, gankerZoebul Sefasebas mo-
axdens Tu _ misi Sedegebis analizs.625
Sellier, European Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 740,
ivlisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010.
621 ix. DCFR-is III.-1:110(2)(b) muxli.
622 Lookofsky J., The 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,
Herbots J. (ed.), Blanpain R. (gen. eds.), International Encyclopedia of Laws - Contracts, Suppl. 29, 2000,
162, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lookofsky.html>; Schwenzer I., Force Majeure and Hardship
in International Sales Contracts, VUWLR, Vol. 39, 2008, 716,
<http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2008/39.pdf>, [01.07.2014];
624 Secretariat Commentary on Art. 65 of the 1978 Draft [draft Counterpart of the CISG, art.79], Comment 5,
<www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/text/secomm/secomm-79.html>, miTiTebulia: Liu Ch., Newman M.S. (ed.)

Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC,
Huntington, New York, 2007, 679.
Vol. 23, 2003, 19,

[01.07.2014].
131
mxaris kontrolis sferos miRma arsebuli dabrkolebisa da
winaswar gaTvaliswinebis valdebulebis Sesaxeb sainteresoa maas-
trihtis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba:626 saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebe-
bis Tanaxmad, saqonlis miwodebaze pasuxismgebeli mxare asabuTebda,
rom klimaturi pirobebis mkveTri gauaresebis mizeziT, romelic Za-
lian iSviaTad SeiZleba warmoiSvas, mosavlis didi nawili ganadgur-
da. movalis mtkicebiT, aRniSnuli dabrkoleba misi kontrolis sfe-
ros miRma warmoiSva da mas gonivrulad ar SeeZlo aseTi cvlileba
xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze evarauda.
myidveli asabuTebda, rom amindis gauaresebisa da misi uaryo-
fiTi Sedegebis riski, rogorc wesi, movales akisria. amasTan, misi
mtkicebiT, garemo pirobebis gauareseba ar iyo imdenad mkveTri, rom
zegavlena moexdina movalis mxridan Sesrulebis movaleobaze, rad-
gan myidvelis umravlesma kontraqtorebma SeZles misTvis SeTanxme-
buli odenobis miwodeba. myidvelis mtkicebiT, movales SeeZlo Seus-
ruleblobis riski Tavidan aecilebina imiT, rom winaswar ar daedo
xelSekruleba pomidvris mTel mosalodnel mosavalze da moexdina
nawilis rezervireba Secvlili garemoebebis aRmocenebis pirobebSi
valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis SemTxvevaSi. amasTan, pomid-
vris bazarze kvlav xelmisawvdomobis gamo myidvels SeeZlo xelSek-
rulebis sagnis sxva momwodeblisgan Sesyidva.
myidvelma warmoadgina mtkicebuleba, rom 2006 wels klimatu-
ri pirobebis gauaresebis mizeziT gacilebiT naklebi odenobis mo-
savlis arseboba dadasturda saxelmwifoSi. pomidvris fasis sammagi
zrda klimaturi pirobebis mniSvnelovan gauaresebaze miuTiTebda.
sakiTxze, SeeZlo Tu ara gamyidvels miwodebis sxva wyarodan Seesyi-
da saqoneli da uzrunveleyo Sesruleba da amdenad ganexorcielebi-
na misi kontrolis sferoSi moazrebuli dabrkolebis daZleva, sasa-
marTlom ganmarta, rom myidvels unda gaeTvaliswinebina is garemoe-
ba, rom xelSekrulebas aformebda fermerTan da ara gadamyidvel mo-
vaWresTan. amasTan, xelSekrulebis sagani sasamarTlom gamyidvelis
mier individualurad moyvanili pomidvriT Semofargla. amasTan,
myidvelTan mimarTebiT sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom mas SeeZlo kredi-
toris mosalodneli riskis kontroli ganexorcielebina mosavlis
etapobrivi inspeqtirebiT.
sasamarTlos mtkicebiT, sazogadod aRiarebulia, rom amindisa
da klimatis prognozirebis SeuZleblobis gamo mosavlis odenoba
da Sesabamisad, misi fasi mniSvnelovnad aris garemo pirobebis gaua-
resebaze damokidebuli. Sesabamisad, gulisxmier fermers moeTxoveba
klimaturi pirobebis gauaresebis gaTvaliswinebiTa da mosalodneli
Sedegebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT CaerTos saxelSekrulebo urTier-
626
District Court (Rechtbank) Maastricht, 9 July, 2008 [120428/HAZA 07-550],
<http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/080709n1.html#cx>, [01.07.2014].
132
TobaSi. dabrkolebis gauTvaliswineblobis kriteriums exmianeba
myidvelis argumenti, rom gamyidvels klimaturi pirobebis SesaZlo
gauaresebis prognozirebiT nasyidobis xelSekrulebis sagnad ar un-
da eqcia savaraudo mosavlis sruli odenoba. gamyidvels mxolod
momavali mosavlis naxevris miwodeba rom ekisra, is mZime klimatur
pirobebSic ki uzrunvelyofda saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis ganux-
rel Sesrulebas.
sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom gulisxmier fermers moeTxoveba kli-
matis gauaresebis gaTvaliswinebiT im moculobis saxelSekrulebo
valdebuleba ikisros, romlis 90%-iT Sesrulebas Secvlili garemo-
ebis pirobebSic ki garantirebuls gaxdis. aRniSnuli gulisxmobs,
rom movales SeuZlia pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZ-
vlad kontrolis miRma arsebuli dabrkoleba miuTiTos mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu mosavlis odenoba imaze naklebi iqneboda, vidre gan-
vlili wlebis 90%-is SemTxvevaSi.
4. dabrkolebis Tavidan acilebis _ daZlevis an misi Sedegebis

aRmofxvris _ Semcirebis SeuZlebloba
evropuli principebis Tanaxmad, pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavi-

suflebis safuZvelia ramdenime kumulaciuri pirobis Tanadrouli
arseboba: ,,dauZleveli, gadaulaxavi dabrkolebis~627 aRmoceneba, ro-
melic gamoricxavs misi marTvis, Tavidan acilebis628, uaryofiTi Se-
degebis aRmofxvris an maTi Semcirebis SesaZleblobas629 Cveulebrivi
adamianis mier, romelic iCens gonivrul windaxedulebasa da zrun-
vas.630 venis konvenciis oficialuri komentaris Tanaxmad, movales pa-
suxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis sxva winapirobebTan erTad ekis-
627
Busch D., Hondius E., The Principles of European Contract Law and Dutch Law:A Commentary
(Perspectives on Company Law S.), Kluwer Law International, 1st ed., August 27, 2002, 341; Liu Ch.,
Remedies for Non-performance -Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, 2003, 319,
<http://www.jus.uio.no/pace/remedies_for_non_performance_perspectives_from_cisg_upicc_and_pecl.cheng
wei_liu/portrait.pdf>, [01.07.2014]; Reimann M., Zimmermann R., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative
Law, Oxford University Press, USA, 2008, 926.
628 Osadare B., Force Majeure and the Performance Excuse: A Review of the English Doctrine of Frustration
and Article 2-615 of the Uniform Commercial Code., 2010, 6.

629
Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 381; Krüger K., Financial Force Majeure, The Extent of Efforts which the
Seller must Take to Overcome Impediments for Performance in Contracts for the Sale of Goods under
Scandinavian Law - Remarks on the Impact of CISG Art. 79, Stockholm 1999,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/kruger2.html#_Toc434290086>, [01.07.2014]; Liu Ch., Newman
M.S.(ed.), Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL,
JurisNet, LLC, Huntington, New York, 2007, 681-683.
Force Majeure and Related Doctrines, Bus. L. Int'l, Vol. 8, No.2, 2007, 164,
133
reba forsmaJoris zemoaRniSnuli erT-erTi klasikuri winapirobis
mtkicebis tvirTi.631 mxares moeTxoveba Zalisxmeva mimarTos valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebisken da ar daelodos im garemoebebis aRmocenebas,
romelic Semdgom misi pasuxismgeblobisgan gaTavisuflebis safuZve-
li gaxdeba.632 aseve, SesaZlebelia mxares moeTxovos xelSekrulebiT
gansazRvruli ZiriTadi valdebulebis komerciulad gonivruli da
gamarTlebuli samagiero Sesrulebis ganxorcieleba.633 sapasuxod,
uflebamosil kontrahentsac ekisreba forsmaJoriT dazaralebul
mxaresTan TanamSromlobisa da yvela gonivruli saSualebiT misi
daxmarebis valdebuleba, rom Seamciros uaryofiTi Sedegebis moqme-
deba da Sedegebi. aRniSnuli daxmareba SesaZlebelia gulisxmobdes
aseve, momsaxurebis organizebasa da gawevas.634
mniSvnelovania, rom movalis mier dabrkolebis daZlevisaTvis
gamoyenebuli Zalisxmeva unda Seesabamebodes valdebulebis Seusru-
leblobis riskis xarisxs, proporciuli da Tanazomieri unda iyos
dabrkolebis sirTulisa. mxares ukiduresad mZime tvirTs ar unda
akisrebdes dabrkolebis daZlevis valdebuleba, romelic isev da
isev gonivrulobis kriteriumiT aris SemosazRvruli.635 magaliTad,
tbis daSroba obieqturad SesaZlebelia, magram is movalis mxridan
araTanazomierad gazrdil xarjebs ukavSirdeba.636
rTulia ganisazRvros Zalisxmevis xarisxi, romelic unda mo-
eTxovos mxares im dabrkolebis dasaZlevad an Sedegebis gasauvne-
belyofad, romelic misi kontrolis sferos miRma aRmocenda.637 am-
gvar ukidures SemTxvevaSi Teleologiuri ganmartebis safuZvelze
631
Pizer L.K., Smith M.R. (eds. in Chief), Southerington T., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the
2004, 288; Secretariat Commentary, Guide to CISG Article 79,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/text/secomm/secomm-79.html>, [09.07.2014].
632
Liu Ch., Force Majeure Perspectives from the CISG, UNIDROIT Principles, PECL and Case Law, 2 nd ed.,
Case annotated update, Pace Law School Institute of International Commercial Law, 2005,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/liu6.html>, [09.07.2014].
633
Schlechtriem P., Schwenzer I., Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods
(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1069; Liu Ch., Secretariat Commentary, Guide to CISG article
79, <www.globalsaleslaw.org/index.cfm?pageID=644#Article 79>, [09.07.2014]; Liu Ch., Force Majeure
Perspectives from the CISG, UNIDROIT Principles, PECL and Case Law, 2 nd ed., Case annotated update,
Pace Law School Institute of International Commercial Law, 2005,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/liu6.html>, [09.07.2014].
634
Espenschied L.E., Contract Drafting, Powerful Prose in Transactional Practice, American Bar Association
Publishing, 2010, 61.
635
Conferenze e Seminari 48, Roma, 2002, 59.
637 Flechtner H., Article 79 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of
Goods (CISG) as Rorschach Test: The Homeward Trend and Exemption for Delivering Non-Conforming
Goods, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 19, 2007/1, 31, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flechtner7.html>,
[09.07.2014].
134
unda dadgindes movalis mier e.w. ,,gasaRebi msxverplis zRvari~ (sacri-
fice limit),638 rac valdebulebis Sesrulebis mimarT kreditoris saxel-
Sekrulebo interesis, Seusruleblobis riskis xarisxis, kreditori-
saTvis darRveviT gamowveuli mosalodneli uaryofiTi Sedegebisa
da maTi daZlevisaTvis obieqturad saWiro Zalisxmevis urTierTSe-
fardebis, maTi Tanazomierebisa da saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis
principis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gadawydes.
5. arabraleulobis winapiroba Secvlili garemoebebis

aRmocenebis konteqstSi
5.1. braleulobis obieqturi standarti
romauli samarTali ganamtkicebda bralis obieqtur katego-

rias, ,,rogorc garkveuli gulisxmierebis ganuxorcieleblobas, rac
iwvevda uaryofiT Sedegebs.~639 brali gulisxmobda ,,marTebulobidan
gadaxvevas, risi gaTvaliswinebac SesaZlebeli iyo adamianis gonivru-
li windaxedulebiT.~640
romauli samarTlis Tanaxmad, ,,qonebis usasyidlod Txove-
bis SemTxvevaSi mxare pasuxismgebeli iyo zedmiwevniT frTxili
gulmodginebis valdebulebis (exactissima diligentia) darRvevisaTvis.~641
,,kanonikuri samarTlis iuristebi miiCnevdnen, rom saTanado winda-
xedulebisa da gulisxmierebis valdebulebis damrRvevi braleuli
mxare iTvleboda ara mxolod moraluri TvalsazrisiT damnaSa-
ved~642, aramed ,,valdebulad, aenazRaurebina miyenebuli ziani.~643
638
Stoll H. wignSi: Schlechtriem P. (ed.), Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of
Goods, 1998, paras. 55, 57, 622, miTiTebulia statiaSi: Flambouras P.D., The Doctrines of
Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus in the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts
for the International Sale of Goods and the Principles of European Contract Law: A Comparative Analysis,
Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 274; CISG-AC Opinion No. 7, Exemption of Liability for Damages under
Article 79 of the CISG, Rapporteur: Garro M.A., Columbia University School of Law, New York, N.Y.,
USA, adopted by the CISG-AC at its 11th meeting in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, on 12 October,
2007.
639 Lessius L., De iustitia et iure, lib. 2, cap. 7, dub. 6 (omission alicuius Diligentia, unde sequitur aliquod
incommodum), miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust
Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 338.
640 Molina L., De iustitia et iure, disp. 293, no.12 (deviationem ab eo, quod bonum est, quodque per hominis
potuit diligentiam provideri), miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort,
Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 338.
641 Dig. 44.7.1. 4, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust

642 Gratian, Decretum, D. 50, cc. 49-50; Decretales Gregorii ix. 5.10.7-13 on Corpus iuris canonici 2
(Friedberg E. (ed.), Leipzig, 1876); Papiensis B., Summa Decretalium (laspeyres, ed., Graz, 1976), lb. 5,
tit.10, §§5-6; Pennaforte R., Summa de Paenitentia (Ochoa and Diez, eds., Rome.1976), lib.2, tit. 1, § 3. ix.
Kuttner S., Kanonistische Schuldlehre von Gratian bis auf die Dekretalen Gregors IX (Vatican City, 1935),
135
,,kanonikuri samarTlis iuristebis mtkicebiT, mxolod is CaiTvle-
boda moralurad pasuxismgebel pirad, visac sxvagvarad moqmedebis
saSualeba hqonda da misi brali swored am SesaZleblobis gamou-
yeneblobiT gamoixateboda.~644
,,germaneli iuristebi brals ganixilavdnen im windaxedulebi-
sa da sifrTxilis daucvelobas, romelic mxares gonivrulad moeTx-
oveboda.~645 amis dasamtkiceblad puhta miiCnevda, rom maRali xaris-
xis windaxedulebis daucvelobisaTvis movaleze braleulobis da-
kisreba uTanabrdeboda SemTxveviTobisaTvis646, e.i. bralis gareSe
mxaris pasuxismgeblobas.647 moralis filosofiasa da TeologiaSi
brali uTanabrdeboda codvas648 da ganixileboda gonierebisa da uf-
lis kanonidan gadaxvevad.649 amrigad, Teologiasa da samarTalSi
bralis gansxvavebuli gageba iyo damkvidrebuli.650
,,bunebiTi samarTali braleulad miiCnevda pirs, romelic ar
gamoiCenda iseT windaxedulebasa da sifrTxiles, rogorsac imave pi-
robebSi myofi sxva piri.~651
safrangeTSi mxares, romelsac ,,evaleboda garkveul saganze
zedamxedvelobis gaweva, moeTxoveboda mzrunvelobisa da sifrTxi-
lis is standarti, rac axasiaTebda gonier mesame pirs (bon pére de fami-
lee).~652
moqmed qarTul samoqalaqo samarTalSi ganmtkicebulia bralis
samarTlebrivi kategoria, romlisTvisac umTavresia samoqalaqo
213-27, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrich-
ment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 337.
643 Glossa ordinaria to Decretales Gregorii ix.Venice, 1595, 5.36.5, Casus to non custovit; to reddet; to 5.36.6
to voluntarie; to 5. 36.9, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract,
Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 338.

645 iqve, 341.
646 Puchta G.F., Pandekten, 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1844, §266, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of
Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 341.
647 ix. Windscheid B., Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts 1, 7th ed., Frankfurt-am-Main, 1891, §101,
miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment,
Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 341.
648 ix. Lessius L., De iustitia et iure, lib. 2, cap.7, dub.6, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private
Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 338.
649 ix. Molina L., De iustitia et iure, disp.293, no.10, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private
Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 338.
650 ix. Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford

651 Lessius L., De iustitia et iure, lib.2, cap.7, dub.6, no.23; Molina L., De iustitia et iure, disp. 293, no. 18,
miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment,
Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 338-9.
136
brunvisaTvis Cveuli yuradRebianobis dacva. brali obieqturi kate-
goriaa, radgan ganisazRvreba obieqturi mesame piris qcevis standar-
tiT. windaxedulebis obieqturi standartis arsebobiT qarTuli sa-
marTali mniSvnelovnad uaxlovdeba germanuli samarTlis sistemas.
sabWoTa samarTalSi brali ganixileboda rogorc piris fsiqi-
kuri damokidebuleba mis mier Cadenili qmedebisa da damdgari Sede-
gisadmi. braleuloba ganisazRvreboda konkretuli piris SefasebiTi
unarianobiT, riTac praqtikulad ugulebelyofili iyo obieqturi
masStabis roli.653
inglisur samarTalSi ,,gonivruli windaxedulebisa da codnis~
standarti, Cveulebriv, ganisazRvreba im xarisxiT, romelic damaxasi-
aTebelia imave pirobebSi myofi (imave profesiis, specializaciisa da
xarisxis) saSualo donis kompetenciis mqone pirTaTvis.~654 imis gaT-
valiswinebiT, rom saqonlis nasyidobisa da miwodebis Sesaxeb 1982
wlis kanonis655 (SemdgomSi – snmSk) me-13 muxlis (romelic ganamtki-
cebs bralis obieqtur kategorias) gamoyenebis praqtika xSiria saer-
To samarTlis sasamarTloebSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom inglisuri sa-
xelSekrulebo samarTali cnobs braleulobis zemoxsenebul stan-
darts pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvris konteqstSi.656
mxaris braleulobis gansazRvrisaTvis evropuli principebi
did mniSvnelobas aniWebs xelSekrulebis monawilis gonivrul qce-
vas657, romelic, 1:302-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dgindeba imis mixedviT, Tu
ras miiCnevs gonivrulad imave pirobebSi moqmedi obieqturi mesame
piri keTilsindisierebis principis gaTvaliswinebiT. gonivrulobis
Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba: xelSekrulebis buneba da mizani,
konkretuli SemTxvevis faqtobrivi garemoebebi, savaWro Cveulebebi
da praqtika, aseve mxareTa profesiis Tavisebureba.
653 ix. Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos
nawili, Tb., 2001, 370-1.
654 Powell J.L., Stewert R., Jackson R.M., Jackson and Powell on Professional Negligence, 5 th ed., Sweet and
Maxwell, 2001, 2-120, miTiTebulia: Markesinis S.B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of
Contract – A Comparative Treatise, 2nd ed., Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2006, 445.
655 Supply of Goods and Services Act, 1982 (saqonlis miwodebisa da momsaxurebis Sesaxeb
aqti (SemdgomSi _ smma),
ix. <http://www.opsi.gov.uk/R-evisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1982/cukpga_19820029_en_1>, [12.07.2014].
656 ix. Markesinis S. B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise,
2nd ed., Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2006, 446.
657 damatebiT ix. Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, part I and II, Kluwer Law
International, The Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 126.
137
5.2. bralis formebis mniSvneloba Sesrulebis garTulebisa da
SeuZleblobis dafuZnebisTvis
samoqalaqo samarTalSi ganasxvaveben bralis or formas: gan-

zraxvasa (dolus) da gaufrTxileblobas (culpa), romlebic piris qmede-
bis subieqturi Semadgenlobis elementebia. gaufrTxilebloba, Tavis
mxriv, SesaZlebelia daiyos uxeS (culpa lata) da martiv (culpa levis) for-
mebad. samoqalaqo urTierTobis subieqtis saxelSekrulebo pasuxis-
mgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis bralis calkeuli formis arseboba iu-
ridiuli mniSvnelobis mqonea da gansxvavebul samarTlebriv Sede-
gebs warmoSobs.
5.2.1. ganzraxva
ganzraxi bralis forma gulisxmobs valdebulebis darRvevas

saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi yvela mniSvnelovani garemoebis cod-
nisa da movalis mier sakuTari valdebulebebis gacnobierebis piro-
bebSi. SesaZlebelia, mxares araswori warmodgena hqondes saqmis nam-
dvil viTarebaze – cdebodes rogorc konkretul faqtebSi, aseve sa-
marTlis normis SinaarsSi, ar cnobdes Tavs valdebulad. am SemTxve-
vaSi ganzraxi bralis arseboba gamoiricxeba, sanacvlod movales da-
ekisreba pasuxismgebloba gaufrTxileblobisaTvis, radgan valdebu-
lebis darRveva ganixileba rogorc misi daudevari moqmedebis (umoq-
medobis) Sedegi.658
mxaris pasuxismgebloba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu ramde-
nad pativsadebi safuZvliT ganxorcielda mis mier iuridiuli mniS-
vnelobis mqone faqtebis mcdari Sefaseba. movalis Secdoma samar-
Tlebrivi normebis namdvil SinaarsSi gacilebiT mZimed fasdeba sa-
samarTlos mier, vidre konkretuli faqtebis Sesaxeb araswori war-
modgenebi. magaliTad, sanam piri ar Seityobs mamkvidreblis gardac-
valebis Sesaxeb, manam samkvidros miRebis vadis dena ar iwyeba.659
marTalia, ssk ar iZleva ganzraxvis cnebis ganmartebas, magram
samoqalaqo samarTalSi damkvidrebuli ganzraxvis kategoria sis-
xlis samarTalSi aRiarebuli analogi koncefciis identuria.660 gan-
zraxva moicavs valdebulebiTsamarTlebrivi urTierTobis faqtobri-
vi garemoebebis, mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebis codnas, aseve qmedebis
marTlwinaaRmdegobis gacnobierebas. ganzraxvis aucilebeli kompo-
659 iqve.
nawili, Tb., 2001, 382.
138
nentia sakuTari qmedebis ,,Sedegis codna da survili marTlwinaaR-
mdegobis SegnebiT.~661
qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba bralis inteleqtualuri
(kognituri) elementia, romelic samarTaldamrRvevis cnobierebis Se-
fasebas gulisxmobs. samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani faqtebisa da ga-
remoebebis codna gadamwyvetia piris braleulobis gansazRvrisaTvis.
valdebulebis Seusruleblobis etapze samarTlebrivad mniSvnelova-
ni garemoebebis codnasa da gacnobierebas iuridiuli doqtrina pasu-
xismgeblobisaTvis ganmsazRvrel datvirTvas aniWebs.662
mniSvnelovania, rom ,,samoqalaqo samarTalSi Secdoma gamoricx-
avs ganzraxvas~663 da ara braleulobas, vinaidan pirs samoqalaqo
brunvis monawilisaTvis aucilebeli gulisxmiereba da gonivruli
windaxeduleba avalebs kanoniT an xelSekrulebiT misTvis dakisre-
buli valdebulebebis codnas. amis naTeli dadasturebaa ssk-is me-3
II muxlis formulireba: kanonis arcodna an misi arasaTanadod gage-
ba ar SeiZleba iyos kanonis gamouyeneblobis an am kanoniT gaTva-
liswinebuli pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis safuZveli. bo-
roti ganzraxvis dros marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi piris ,,nebismie-
ri~ qmedebis umTavres motivad ganixileba.664
5.2.2. gaufrTxilebloba da misi formebi (uxeSi da martivi)
samoqalaqo samarTalSi, sisxlis samarTlisagan gansxvavebiT,

valdebulebis darRveva umetesad xorcieldeba gaufrTxileblobiT,
rac gulisxmobs samoqalaqo brunvisaTvis aucilebeli windaxedu-
lebisa da yuradRebianobis ugulebelyofas.
kerZo samarTalSi damkvidrebuli gaufrTxileblobis koncef-
cia Zireulad gansxvavdeba sisxlis samarTalSi ganmtkicebuli misi
analogisagan. ,,gaufrTxileblad moqmedebs is, vinc arRvevs samoqa-
laqo brunvisaTvis damaxasiaTebel aucilebel yuradRebianobas~665,
661 Fikentscher W., Schuldrecht, 8, Auflage, Berlin – New-York, 1992, 312; Müch-Komm-Hanau, §276, 49-
50; Schellhammer K., Zivilrecht nach Anspruchsgrundlagen, 627, miTiTebulia: Wanturia l., zoiZe
b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komenta-
ri, wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawili, Tb., 2001, 382.
662 ix. evropuli principebis (Principles of European Contract Law – Parts I and II - Revised 1998,
Part III – 2003, <www.lexmercatoria.org>, [08.12.07]) muxlebi: 1:301 (5), 2:104, 3:102 (2), 3:204 (2),
3:205 (1)(3), 3:208, 3:209 (1), 3:301 (1), 4:109 (1), 4:103 (1), 4:111 (2), 4:113 (1), 4:114, 4:117 (1), 6:101
(2)(3), 6:110 (3), 6:111 (2), 7:101 (2), 8:103 (b), 8:108 (3), 9:102(3), 9:303 (2)(3), 9:503.
nawili, Tb., 2001, 382.
664 iqve, 384.
665 Medicus D., Schuldrecht, Allgemeiner, 8 Auflage, 149, miTiTebulia: Wanturia l., zoiZe b.,
niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,
wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawili, Tb., 2001, 384.
139
romelic ganisazRvreba obieqturi masStabiT da ara konkretuli
individis pirovnebidan gamomdinare. samoqalaqo brunvis monawiles
moeTxoveba misi profesiis ,,saSualo warmomadgenlisaTvis“ damaxa-
siaTebeli Cveuli windaxedulebis dacva.666
gaufrTxileblobis arsi germanul samarTalSic obieqturadaa
gansazRvruli. gsk-is 276-e II paragrafis Tanaxmad, piri moqmedebs ga-
ufrTxileblobiT, rodesac xelSemkvreli mxaris interesebisadmi ar
iCens gonivrul windaxedulebas.
pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs, kon-
kretuli movale subieqturad ramdenad unariania Seasrulos nakisri
valdebuleba, aramed mas moeTxoveba windaxedulebis is xarisxi, rac,
Cveulebriv, miRebulia samoqalaqo brunvaSi da mosalodnelia misi
profesiis saSualo donis warmomadgenlisagan. germanuli samarTli-
saTvis cnobilia ndobis principi, romlis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo
brunvis yovel monawiles SeuZlia daeyrdnos varauds, rom urTi-
erTobis sxva monawile imoqmedebs saTanado gulisxmierebiT.667
gaufrTxileblobisas gamoiricxeba samoqalaqo brunvisaTvis
aucilebeli windaxeduleba da keTilgoniereba, rasac valdebuleba,
konkretuli urTierTobis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, akisrebs samoqa-
laqo urTierTobis subieqts. xSirad gaufrTxilebloba gulisxmobs
gonivruli moqmedebebis ganuxorcieleblobas mosalodneli dar-
Rvevis aRsakveTad an zianis Sesamcireblad. Tumca, ganzraxvisgan
gansxvavebiT, gaufrTxilebloba xorcieldeba marTlsawinaaRmdego
Sedegis dadgomis survilis gareSe.668
movale saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi CarTviT garantirebuls
xdis yvela im unarisa da SesaZleblobis gamoyenebas, rac aucilebe-
lia valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad. pasuxismgeblobi-
sagan ganTavisuflebisaTvis is ver miuTiTebs saWiro kompetenciis
ararsebobaze. igive midgoma gaziarebulia ara marto doqtrinul do-
neze, aramed sasamarTlo praqtikaSic. Tuki valdebulebis Sesrule-
bis uzrunvelyofa ver moxda avadmyofobis an sxva obieqturi mize-
ziT, maSin movalem unda daamtkicos mesame piris (warmomadgenlis)
meSveobiT valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba. swored esaa win-
daxedulebisa da codnis obieqturi standartis logikuri axsna.
gaufrTxilebloba, rogorc zemoT iqna aRniSnuli, samoqalaqo
samarTalSi iyofa uxeS (culpa lata) da martiv (culpa levis) formebad. uxe-
Si gaufrTxileblobisas samoqalaqo brunvisaTvis aucilebeli yu-
667 Manfred L. in Staudinger, $276, 2004, Rn. 28, miTiTebulia: Wanturia l., korporaciuli
marTva da xelmZRvanelTa pasuxismgebloba sakorporacio samarTalSi, Tb., 2006, 377.
nawili, Tb., 2001, 386.
140
radRebianobis moTxovna ,,uCveulod maRali xarisxiT irRveva~669,
ris gamoc ganzraxva da uxeSi gaufrTxilebloba xSirad erT sib-
rtyeze ganixileba,670 martivi gaufrTxileblobisas ki gonivruli
windaxedulebisa da yuradRebianobis darRvevis xarisxi mniSvne-
lovnad Semcirebulia.
evropuli samarTlebrivi sistemis zogierT qveyanaSi ganzraxi
qmedeba moicavs uxeS gaufrTxileblobasac, romelic xSirad miiCneva
dolus eventualis-ad671 (arapirdapir ganzraxvad). magaliTad, evropuli
principebis 1:301-e III muxlis Tanaxmad, uxeSi gaufrTxilebloba gan-
zrax qmedebad ganixileba. ganzrax qmedebad iTvleba piris gacnobie-
rebuli qceva, romelic gamiznulad mimarTulia qmedebis samarTleb-
rivi Sedegebis warmoSobisaken. aseve, uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiTaa
ganxorcielebuli qmedeba, romlis drosac piri iTvaliswinebs Tavi-
si qcevis mosalodnel samarTlebriv Sedegs, marTalia, mizanmimar-
Tulad ar miiswrafvis, magram gulgrilad ekideba mis dadgomas. amis
sapirispirod, martivi gaufrTxileblobisas mxare ar acnobierebs
Tavisi qcevis SesaZlo samarTlebriv Sedegs da, Sesabamisad, igi gan-
zrax qmedebad ar CaiTvleba. amrigad, principebi erTmaneTisgan ganas-
xvavebs ganzraxvas da martiv gaufTxileblobas.672
evropuli principebis mier ganzraxvis kategoriaSi uxeSi gauf-
rTxileblobis gaerTianebas gansazRvruli safuZveli aqvs.Aamis mize-
zi unda iyos ganzraxvisa da uxeSi gaufrTxileblobisaTvis saerTo
damaxasiaTebeli niSnis arseboba – orive SemTxvevaSi mxaris mier sa-
kuTari qmedebis samarTlebrivi mniSvnelobis gacnobierebisa da misi
Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebis SesaZlebloba, rac ucxoa martivi gauf-
rTxileblobisaTvis. amrigad, evropul principebSi gamoxatuli
midgomis Tanaxmad, ganzraxva da uxeSi gaufrTxilebloba aucileb-
lad gulisxmobs mxaris gacnobierebul qmedebas.
669Fikentscher W., Schuldrecht, 8, Auflage, Berlin – New-York, 1992, 314, miTiTebulia: Wanturia
l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis
komentari, wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawili, Tb., 2001, 386.
670 ix. Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos
nawili, Tb., 2001, 383-4.

Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 122-3.
141
6. dabrkolebis moqmedebis xangrZlivoba
droebiTi dabrkolebis arsebobisas pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTa-

visufleba vrceldeba mxolod dabrkolebis moqmedebis periodze.673
am SemTxvevaSi dabrkoleba ar iwvevs xelSekrulebis Sewyvetas _ is
kvlav ZalaSi rCeba.674 mxolod garkveuli droiT gadaiwevs valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebis vada.675 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos ga-
dawyvetilebiT Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan ganTavisuflebis sa-
fuZvlad ar iqna miCneuli forsmaJoris arseboba, romelic ar em-
Txveoda valdebulebis darRvevis periods, rameTu valdebulebis Se-
usrulebloba forsmaJoruli garemoebis aRmofxvris Semdgom gan-
xorcielda.676
SesaZlebelia dabrkolebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis moqmedeba misi
arsebobis Sewyvetis Semdegac grZeldebodes, rac xelSekrulebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli Sesrulebis pirobebis fundamenturi Secvlis ga-
mo aragonivruls da usamarTlos xdis SeusruleblobisaTvis mova-
leze pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas. magaliTad, saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi677 dadgenilia, rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi ga-
remoebaTa Secvla xdeba TandaTan, garkveuli drois gasvlis Semde-
gac. saqmeSi gamovlenili Secvlili garemoebis safuZvlis _ omis
uaryofiTi ekonomikuri Sedegebi, rogorc wesi, ar sruldeba saomari
moqmedebebis dasrulebasTan erTad da mas, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, sak-
maod xangrZlivi ganviTareba aqvs. amdenad, 2008 wlis agvistos omi
sasamarTlom momdevno 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi valdebulebis Sesrule-
bis gagrZelebis SeuZleblobis safuZvlad aRiara.
Tu droebiTi dabrkolebiT gamowveuli Sesrulebis vadis gada-
cileba fundamentur (arsebiT) darRvevas afuZnebs, maSin mxare ufle-
bamosilia gamoiyenos xelSekrulebidan gasvlis ufleba, SemdgomSi
damabrkolebeli garemoebis arsebobis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSic.678
venis konvencia droebiTi dabrkolebis warmoSobisas valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebis sakiTxis unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebisa
675SakiaSvili b., saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba,
sadisertacio naSromi iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mo-
sapoveblad, Tb., 1997, 18.
Tebervlis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-1166-1428-09; saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 6 ivlisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010.
142
da evropuli principebis msgavs mowesrigebas iTvaliswinebs. kerZod,
evropuli principebis 108:8-e (2) muxlis Tanaxmad, droebiTi dabrko-
lebis arsebobisas, pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba moicavs mxo-
lod dabrkolebis arsebobis periods.679 Tumca, Tu vadis gadacileba
valdebulebis arsebiT Seusruleblobas warmoSobs, maSin movales
SeuZlia valdebuleba arsebiTad darRveulad CaTvalos,680 rac meo-
radi moTxovnis uflebebis amoqmedebis winapiroba gaxdeba.
msgavsad, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis Tanaxmad, dro-
ebiTi dabrkolebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi Sesrulebisgan gaTavisuf-
leba vrceldeba mxolod im periodze, romelic gonivrulia im Sede-
gebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis dabrkolebas
moyva.681
pasuxismgeblobisgan droebiT ganTavisuflebas iTvaliswinebs
aseve, venis konvenciis 79-e (3) muxli,682 romlis ganmarteba gulis-
xmobs movalis mxridan Sesrulebisa da zianis anazRaurebis valde-
bulebis ganaxlebas damabrkolebeli garemoebis arsebobis Sewyvetis
Semdeg im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dabrkolebis moqmedebis periodSi mxares
ar gamouyenebia xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis ufle-
ba. kreditors dabrkolebis warmoSobisas eniWeba xelSekrulebaze
uaris ufleba arsebiTi, fundamenturi darRvevis arsebobis SemTxve-
vaSi (79-e (5) muxli)).683
<http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2008/39.pdf>; Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines of
Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus sic Stantibus in the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts
Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 274,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flambouras1.html>, [09.07.2014].
680 Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines of Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus sic Stantibus in the
1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Principles of European
Contract Law: A Comparative Analysis, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 275,
Vol. 23, 2003, 20,

[09.07.2014].
682 Schlechtriem P., Uniform Sales Law - The UN-Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of
Goods Manz, Vienna: 1986, 104, <http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/schlechtriem-79.html#b*>, [09.07.

2014]; Honnold O.J., Impediments Excusing Party From Damages ("Force Majeure"), Uniform Law for
International Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention, 3 rd ed., Kluwer Law International, The Hague,
1999, 490, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/ho79.html#435>, [09.07.2014].
683 venis konvenciis safuZvelze xelSekrulebidan gasvlis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT
ixileT: Kazimierska A., The Remedy of Avoidance under the Vienna Convention on the International Sale
of Goods, Pace Int'l L. Rev. of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Kluwer,
1999-2000, 79-192, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/kazimierska.html>; Silveira M., Termination
of Contract under the Principles of European Contract Law - A Comparative Study, Pace Law School Institute
of International Commercial Law, 2006, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/silveira.html>,
[09.07.2014].
143
gamyidvelis mxridan mniSvnelovani darRvevis arseboba unda ga-
nisazRvros myidvelis mimarT damdgari im Sedegebis gaTvaliswine-
biT, rac calkeulma darRvevam gamoiwvia.684 Tu dabrkolebis aRmoce-
nebam ganapiroba uaryofiTi Sedegebi, romelic dabrkolebis Sewyve-
tis Semdegac aferxebs valdebulebis Sesrulebas, maSin movalis
mxridan Sesrulebis valdebuleba ganaxldeba am uaryofiTi Sedege-
bis aRmofxvris Semdeg.
droebiTi dabrkoleba pasuxismgeblobisgan droebiTi ganTavi-
suflebis safuZvels qmnis685, magram pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuf-
leba moicavs ara mxolod dabrkolebis, aramed maTi uaryofiTi Se-
degebis arsebobis periods,686 mTel im dros, rodesac movalisaTvis
SeuZlebelia an ukiduresad mZimea Sesrulebis ganxorcieleba. xel-
Sekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis arseboba ganisazRvreba imiT, valde-
bulebis drouli Sesruleba warmoadgenda Tu ara kreditoris um-
Tavres saxelSekrulebo interess, e.i. arsebiT pirobad dadgenili
iyo Tu ara xelSekrulebis vada, romlis darRvevac kreditorisaT-
vis aqarwylebs Sesrulebis azrs da afuZnebs arsebiT, fundamentur
Seusruleblobas. xelSekrulebidan gasvlis ufleba arsebobs maSi-
nac, rodesac droebiTi dabrkolebis xasiaTi cxadyofs valdebule-
bis mosalodnel, samomavlo darRvevas.687
7. Setyobinebis valdebuleba
evropuli principebis 8:108-e (3)688, unidruas saxelSekrulebo

principebis 7.1.7-e (3)689 da venis konvenciis 79-e muxlebi ganamtkicebs

685
Liu Ch., Remedies for Non-performance - Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL,
2003, 324,
<http://www.jus.uio.no/pace/remedies_for_non_performance_perspectives_from_cisg_upicc_and_pecl.cheng
wei_liu/portrait.pdf>, [09.07.2014].
686 Honnold O.J., Impediments Excusing Party From Damages ("Force Majeure"), Uniform Law for
International Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 3rd
ed., 1999, 490 , <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/ho79.html#435>, [15.07.2014].
124, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/perillo3.html?>.
688 mxare, romelic ar asrulebs valdebulebas, unda darwmundes, rom Setyobineba
dabrkolebis da mis mier gamowveuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb, meore mxaris mier miRebul
iqna gonivrul vadaSi mas Semdeg, rac damrRvevma mxarem icoda an unda scodnoda
dabrkolebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. meore mxares ufleba aqvs moiTxovos zianis
anazRaureba aseTi Setyobinebis miuReblobis Sedegad gancdili nebismieri ziani-
saTvis.
689
mxarem, romelic ar asrulebs valdebulebas, Seatyobineba unda gaugzavnos
kontrahents dabrkolebis da misi mosalodneli Sedegebis Sesaxeb. Tu mxare ar
miiRebs Setyobinebas gonivrul vadaSi mas Semdeg, rac movalem icoda, an unda
144
kreditorisaTvis gonivrul vadaSi movalis mier Setyobinebis valde-
bulebas dabrkolebis, misi xarisxis, xangrZlivobisa da SesaZlo Se-
degebis Sesaxeb.690 Setyobinebis valdebuleba TanamSromlobis valde-
bulebisa691 da keTilsindisierebis principis gamovlinebaa692 saxel-
Sekrulebo urTierTobaSi. Tu Setyobineba xorcieldeba xelSekru-
lebis Sesatyvisi Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb, maSin mizanSe-
wonilia Setyobinebis Sinaarsi moicavdes xelSekrulebis Secvlili
garemoebebisadmi misadagebis SeTavazebasac.693
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganCinebiT694 gansazRvru-
lia, rom ssk-is 398-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs periods, Tu ra drois
ganmavlobaSi unda moiTxovos dazaralebulma mxarem Secvlili ga-
remoebis Sesabamisi pirobebis xelSekrulebaSi asaxva, magram miTiTe-
buli normis arsidan ikveTeba, rom aseTi moTxovna xelSekrulebis
meore mxaris mimarT unda ganxorcieldes dauyovnebliv, Secvlili
garemoebis dadgomisTanave. Secvlili pirobebisadmi xelSekrulebis
misadageba unda ganxorcieldes rac SeiZleba swrafad, umalve am ga-
remoebaTa warmoSobidan.695
codnoda dabrkolebis Sesaxeb, is pasuxismgebelia Setyobinebis miuReblobis Sede-

gad warmoSobili zianisaTvis.
690 Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines of Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus in the
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flambouras1.html>, miTiTebulia: Liu Ch., Newman M.S.(ed.)
Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC,
Huntington, New York, 2007, 704.

2012, 666.

ivlisis ganCinebiT saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010.
695 ix. ssk-is 398-e muxlis gamoyenebis samarTlebrivi winapirobebis Sesaxeb ix.:
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2010 wlis 6 ivlisis ganCineba saqmeze ##as-7-
6-2010 wignSi: naWyebia a., samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi normebis ganmartebebi uzenaesi
sasamaTlos praqtikaSi (2000- 2013), GIZ, 2014, 141. ix. aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 25
noemberis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-466-707-08, sadac sasamarTlo ganmartavs: Secvlili
garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba unda momxdariyo rac SeiZleba
swrafad am garemoebaTa warmoSobidan. rasakvirvelia, Tu garemoebis Secvla xde-
boda TandaTanobiT, moTxovnis dro SeiZleboda gazrdiliyo, magram sasamarTlom
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis moTxovniT mosarCelis
mopasuxisaTvis xelSekrulebis vadis dasrulebamde 5 dRiT adre mimarTva ar
miiCnia Secvlili garemoebis warmoSobidan dasaSveb periodSi ganxorcielebul
moTxovnad.
145
Setyobinebis gagzavna ar aris aucilebeli ganxorcieldes we-
rilobiTi formiT.696 gonivruli vada aiTvleba im momentidan, rode-
sac movalisaTvis obieqturad cnobili iyo an unda scodnoda valde-
bulebis damabrkolebeli garemoebis arsebobis Sesaxeb. amasTan mniS-
vnelovania, rom Tu dabrkolebis aRmocenebisas movalisaTvis SeuZ-
lebelia mosalodneli Sedegebis gansazRvra, maSin dasaSvebia Setyo-
binebebis gagzavna etapobrivad ganxorcieldes.
Setyobinebis gagzavnis mizania moxdes mosalodneli uaryofiTi
Sedegebis Tavidan acileba an maTi Semcireba. Setyobineba miRebasa-
valdebulo nebis gamovlenaa da namdvilad CaiTvleba im momentidan,
rodesac is meore mxares miuva. Sesabamisad, Setyobinebis miuReblo-
bis an dagvianebis riski, rogorc wesi, movales ekisreba.697 aRniSnu-
li valdebulebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, movale pasuxismgebelia ara
mxolod ZiriTadi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis darRveviT gamow-
veuli, aramed aseve Setyobinebis ganuxorcieleblobiT miyenebuli
zianisaTvis.698 aRniSnuli valdebulebis darRveviT gamowveuli ziani
anazRaurdeba zogadi wesis safuZvelze.699
xelSekrulebaSi forsmaJoruli daTqmis arsebobisa da misi
amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi, forsmaJoruli movlenis aRmocenebis Sesaxeb
meore mxarisaTvis Setyobinebis momentidan mxare Tavisufldeba
Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan. dauyovneblivi Setyobinebis ganuxorci-
eleblobis SemTxvevaSi ki, valdebulebis Sesrulebisagan ganTavisuf-
leba Setyobinebis adresatamde misvlis momentidan moqmedebs.700
forsmaJoruli daTqmis safuZvelze mxare Tavisufldeba zianis
anazRaurebis701 da sajarimo sanqciebis gadaxdis valdebulebisagan.702
696 Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines of Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus sic Stantibus in the
697 ix.: Lee W., Exemptions of Contract Liability Under the 1980 United Nations Convention, Dick. J. Int'l.
L., Vol. 8, 1990, 391, <www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lee.html>; Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines of

Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus sic Stantibus in the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts
Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 273, <www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flambouras1.html>, [05.07.2014].
698 Gabriel H.D., Contract for the Sale of Goods, A Comparison of Domestic and International Law, Oceana
Publications, Inc., Dobbs, Ferry, New York, 2004, 219.

699 Busch D., Hondius E., The Principles of European Contract Law and Dutch Law: A Commentary
(Perspectives on Company Law S.), Kluwer Law International, 1st ed., 2002, 343.
700 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa
palatis 2011 wlis 29 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-837-888-2011.

<http://www.trans-lex.org/700700>. ix. aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqala-

qo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 23 ivnisis gadawyvetileba
saqmeze: as-858-1171-07 da 2001 wlis 28 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № 3k/992-01.
146
srulyofili forsmaJoruli daTqma aucileblad unda asaxav-
des kontrahentis pirveli SesaZleblobisTanave werilobiTi Setyobi-
nebis valdebulebas dabrkolebis aRmocenebis, misi mizezebis,703
xarisxisa704 da moqmedebis farglebis Sesaxeb, Setyobinebis formas,
proceduras, ganxorcielebis vadebs, Setyobinebis adresatamde miuR-
wevlobis riskis sakiTxs, Setyobinebis momentidan movlenis uaryofi-
Ti Sedegebis SemcirebisaTvis gulmodgine zrunvis valdebulebas,705
am kuTxiT gansaxorcielebel moqmedebebs706 da dabrkolebis moqmede-
bis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb informacias.707
droebiTi xasiaTis forsmaJoruli garemoebis warmoSobisas
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba movlenis arsebobis vadiT aris
Semofargluli.708 aRniSnuli movlenis aRmofxvris Semdeg saxelSek-
rulebo valdebulebis Sesruleba unda ganaxldes.709 garemoebis
ararsebobis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi movales ekisreba aRniSnulis
Sesaxeb kreditorisaTvis Setyobinebis valdebuleba.710

saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 8 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-964-1166-08.

saqmeTa palatis 2014 wlis 2 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-1118-1065-2013.

aRniSnul gadawyvetilebaSi warmodgenili ganmartebidan gamomdinare, Zlieri
atmosferuli movlenis forsmaJorad miCnevisaTvis aucilebelia dazianebis xasi-
aTis, xarisxisa da mizezebis Sefaseba. klimaturi movlenis (Tovli) forsmaJorul
garemoebad miCnevis Sesaxeb ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqala-
qo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2006 wlis 23 oqtombris gadawyve-
tileba saqmeze: № as-217-636-06.
706 Al-Emadi T.A., The Hardship and Force Majeure Clauses in International Petroleum Joint Venture
Agreements, oxford Student Legal Research Paper Series, #02/2011, July 2011, 14, <http://papers.ssrn.com-
/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1878558>.
707
iqve, 12-13,
708 forsmaJoruli situaciis Semdeg saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis aRiareba, ma-
galiTad SesrulebiT, ver abaTilebs xelSekrulebiT daTqmul vadaSi forsma-
Joruli garemoebis safuZvliT valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZleblobas. ix.
709 Tu movalis SesaZleblobis sferoSia Sesrulebis alternatiuli gzis gamoZeb-
nis saSualeba, maSin aRniSnuli gamoricxavs forsmaJoruli garemoebis safuZvliT
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebas, rameTu movalem ar ganaxorciela forsmaJo-
ruli garemoebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis aRmofxvris valdebuleba da ar mimarTa
Sesrulebis alternatiul meqanizmebs. ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2011 wlis 1 agvistos
<http://www.trans-lex.org/700700>.
147
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis winapirobebis arsebo-
bis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba movales.711 amasTan, unda arsebobdes
mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri dabrkolebasa da mxaris mier valdebule-
bis Seusruleblobas Soris.712 dabrkoleba pirdapiri safuZveli,
uSualo gamomwvevi mizezi unda iyos valdebulebis darRvevis.713 mo-
vale ar Tavisufldeba pasuxismgeblobisgan, Tu damabrkolebeli ga-
remoeba aRmocendeba movalis mier vadis gadacilebis procesSi, amas-
Tan, dabrkoleba veraviTar gavlenas ver moaxdenda valdebulebis
Sesrulebaze, vadis gadacilebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.714
unificirebuli kerZo samarTlis kvlevis safuZvelze Sesrule-
bis garTulebisa da forsmaJoris cnebebisa da maTi gamoyenebis sa-
marTlebrivi winapirobebis analizi ssk-iT ganmtkicebuli analogi
koncefciebis ganmartebis qmediT saSualebad SeiZleba iqnes
gamoyenebuli da maT zogad saxelSekrulebo principebad aRiarebis
safuZvels qmnis.
8. mizezobrivi kavSiri
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis umniSvnelovanesi winapi-

robaa aseve, mizezobrivi kavSiris arseboba Sesrulebis dabrkoleba-
sa da mis gamomwvev garemoebas Soris, romelic, Tavis mxriv, unda ak-
mayofilebdes yvela zemoganxilul winapirobas.715 mizezobrivi kavSi-
ris arsebobis mtkicebis tvirTi movales ekisreba.716 Sesabamisad, mxa-
re ver ganTavisufldeba pasuxismgeblobisgan, romelic winaswar
uars ganacxadebs Sesrulebaze, xolo Semdgom saqoneli SemTxveviT
711
Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 383; Lee W., Exemptions of Contract Liability Under the 1980 United Nations
Convention, Dick. J. Int'l. L., Vol. 8, 1990, 388, <www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lee.html>, [05.07.2014].
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flambouras1.html> , [05.07.2014].
(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1069; Lee W., Exemptions of Contract Liability Under the
1980 United Nations Convention, Dick. J. Int'l. L., Vol. 8, 1990, 390,
<www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/lee.html>, [05.07. 2014].
(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1070. ix. aseve, ssk-is 402-e muxli, romelic
movales pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs vadis gadacilebis Semdgom aRmocenebuli Sem-
TxveviTobisTvis.
715 Liu Ch., Newman M.S. (ed.), Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from CISG, UNIDROIT
Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC, Huntington, New York, 2007, 684.
716 ICC Arbitration Case No. 7197/1992, miiTebulia: Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines of Impossibility of
Performance and Clausula Rebus SIC Stantibus in the 1980 Convention on Contracts for the International
Sale of Goods and the Principles of European Contract Law - A Comparative Analysis, Pace Intl'l L. Rev.,
Vol. 13, 2001, 273,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/pacinlwr13&collection=journals&page=261>,
[05.07.2014].
148
daiRupeba.717 Tumca, arsebobs mosazreba, rom Tu ziani valdebulebis
Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSic dadgeboda, aRniSnuli miCneul unda iqnes
valdebulebis damrRvevi subieqtis pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuf-
lebis safuZvlad.718
aRniSnuli sakiTxis gadawyvetisas mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes mi-
Rebuli Semdegi garemoebebi: Tu movale braleulad uars acxadebs
obieqturad ganxorcielebadi valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, maSin aR-
niSnulis Semdeg saqonlis SemTxveviT (arabraleulad) daRupvisas
valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis pasuxismgebloba, samarTliano-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT, masve unda ekisrebodes. Tu movalis mier val-
debulebis Seusruleblobis Sesaxeb gancxadeba misi braleuli moq-
medebiT ar aris gamowveuli, maSin gonivrulia, rom SemTxveviTobi-
saTvis unda gamoiricxos misi pasuxismgeblobac.
VI. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba rogorc

valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sedegi
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi aRmocenebuli Secvlili gare-

moebebis kvleva valdebulebis Sesrulebaze maTi gavlenis xarisxiT
da Tanamdevi samarTlebrivi Sedegebis gansazRvris TvalsazrisiT
aris mniSvnelovani.
winamdebare Tavi miznad isaxavs valdebulebis Sesrulebis gar-
Tulebis pirobebSi umTavresad gamosayenebeli samarTlebrivi dacvis
saSualebis _ Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadage-
bis, rogorc Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sedegis, mola-
parakebis warmoebis principebisa da savaldebuloobis, keTilsindi-
sierebis principis darRvevis Sedegebis, mosamarTlis rolisa da sa-
samarTlos uflebamosilebis farglebis kvlevas Secvlili garemoe-
bebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis procesSi.
717 Tallon D., Bianca C.M., Bonell M.J. (eds.), Exemptions, in Commentary on the International Sales Law,
1987, §2.6.6, 583, miTiTebulia: Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines of Impossibility of Performance and
Clausula Rebus sic Stantibus in the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
and the Principles of European Contract Law: A Comparative Analysis, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 273,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flambouras1.html#iie>, [05.07.2014].
718
Enderlein F., Maskow D., International Sales Law, United Nations Convention on Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods: Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods:
Commentary, Oceana Publications, 1992, §3.4, 322, miTiTebulia: Flambouras D.P., The Doctrines of
Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus in the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts
Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 273, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flambouras1.html#iie>,
[05.07.2014].
149
1. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba rogorc
valdebulebis Sesrulebisa da saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobis
uzrunvelyofis meqanizmi
garTulebuli samoqalaqo brunvis pirobebSi grZelvadiani sa-

erTaSoriso komerciuli kontraqtebi gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiare
gaxda saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi aRmocenebuli Secvlili gare-
moebebis mimarT.719
Secvlil garemoebaTa pirobebSi valdebulebis Sesrulebis sa-
kiTxis mowesrigeba xelSekrulebis adaptaciis gziT, mxareTa da zo-
gadad, sazogadoebis saukeTeso interesebs Seesatyviseba, im SemTxve-
vaSi, Tu saxelSekrulebo boWvis principisadmi formaluri erTgu-
leba zemoxsenebuli saukeTeso interesebis ganxorcielebisaTvis
dabrkolebad iqceva.720 xelSekrulebis Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
adaptaciisas uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes ,,xelSekrulebis stabilu-
robisa~721 da ,,xelSekrulebis moqnilobis~722 principTa balansireba.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba Sesru-
lebis garTulebis samarTlebriv Sedegad ganixileba.723 xelSekrule-
bis adaptacia, Cveulebriv, grZelvadian saxelSekrulebo urTierTo-
baSi gamoiyeneba Secvlili garemoebebis gavleniT mxareTa ekonomi-
kur interesebs Soris wonasworobis rRvevisas724, ekonomikuri inte-
resis SenarCunebis gaTvaliswinebiT725 samomavlo TanamSromlobis
uzrunvelyofis mizniT.726
xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis principis Tanaxmad, xelSekrule-
bis gadasinjva, SesaZlebelia, formaluri samarTlianobisaTvis saf-
rTxed iqnes ganxiluli. Tumca, Tanamedrove doqtrinisTvis pirobaTa
ucvleloba-daurRvevloba ar SeiZleba saxelSekrulebo samarTlis
720 iqve, 29.
721 Frick J.G., Arbitration and Complex International Contracts, Kluwer Law International, Schulthess, 2001,
36.
722 iqve.
723 germanul samarTalSi xelSekrulebis safuZvlis rRveva warmoSobs xelSekru-
lebis adaptaciis moTxovnas, rogorc avtomatur samarTlebriv Sedegs. ix. BGH, LM

§242 (ba) BGB Nr. 38; BGH NJW 1972, 152. msgavs midgomas iziarebs italuri samarTlis
doqtrina. ix. aseve, Rimke J., Force Majeure and Hardship: Application in International Trade Practice
with Specific Regard to the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Pace
Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Kluwer, 1999-2000, 196-197,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/rimke.html#7>, [24.06.2014].
724 Draetta U., Lake R B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation on International Contracts, An Introduction to

726 iqve, 33.
150
uzenaes Rirebulebad iqnes cnobili. saxelSekrulebo urTierTobe-
bis mimarT moqmedi axali principebi, rogoricaa proporciuloba,
gangrZobadoba da uwyvetoba ganixileba xelSekrulebis gadasinjvis
kanonierebis dasasabuTeblad.727 xelSekrulebis gadasinjva misi sta-
bilurobisa da urTierTobis gagrZelebis winapirobaa. riskebisa da
Secvlili garemoebebis gavleniT warmoSobili zaralisa da sargeb-
lis urTierTgaziareba mxareTa mier (,,gaziarebis principi~) usamar-
Tlobis prevencias axdens.728
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis adaptacia mis Sewy-
vetasTan an mkacr aRsrulebasTan SedarebiT mniSvnelovan wilad uz-
runvelyofs mxareTa interesebis ganxorcielebas. Secvlili garemoe-
bebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis upiratesoba im SemTxveviTac
vlindeba, rodesac pirvandeli mdgomareobis aRdgena da zianis
anazRaureba ver ubrunebs mxareebs maT Tavdapirvel mdgomareobas.
magaliTad, Tu gaweulia mniSvnelovani danaxarjebi im nivTebze, rom-
lebic gamouyenebeli darCeba movalis Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan
ganTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi.729
kontrahentebs SeuZliaT gazardon saxelSekrulebo sargebeli,
Tu urTierTobis ganmavlobaSi isini SeinarCuneben moqnilobas da
amiT dazogaven davis warmoebisaTvis aucilebel xarjebs saxelSek-
rulebo krizisis aRmocenebis SemTxvevaSi.730 amitomac, rogorc wesi,
mxareebi interesTa balansis aRdgenisaTvis Secvlili garemoebebi-
sadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis wess aniWeben upiratesobas urTi-
erTobis SewyvetasTan SedarebiT.731
aRniSnuli mizeziT ganamtkicebs unificirebuli kerZo samarTa-
li da umravlesi erovnuli samarTlis sistema Secvlili garemoebe-
bisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis mizniT mxareTa molaparakebis sa-
valdebuloobis danawess.
727 Mazeaud D., La révision du contrat. Rapport Fran ais. In: Société de Législation comparée (Ed.), Le
Contrat: Juornées Brésiliennes. Société de Législation comparée: Paris, 2008, 560-561, miTiTebulia:
Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 239
728 Fried C., Contract as Promise: A theory of Contractual Obligations, Harvard University Press: Cambridge,
Mass, 1981, 69-73.

729 Hubbard S.W., Relief from Burdensome Long-Term Contracts: Commercial Impracticability, Frustration
of Purpose, Mutual Mistake of Fact, and Equitable Adjustment, Mo. L. Rev., Vol. 47, 1982, 103,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Print?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/molr47&id=139>, [24.06.2014].
730 Hillman R.A., Court Adjustment of Long-Term Contracts: An Analysis Under Modern Contract
Law, Duke L.J., 1987, 5-6, miTiTebulia: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the
Binding Force of the Contracts, Comparative Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 238.
731 ix.: Draetta U., Lake R.B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation on International Contracts, An
Introduction to Lex Mercatoria, Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1992, 171; Ciematniece I., Contract
151
2. samarTlebrivi sistemebis konceftualuri midgomebis Sesaxeb
xelSekrulebis adaptaciis meqanizmis saSualebiT saxelSekru-

lebo Tavisuflebis sivrceSi samarTlebrivi sistemebis Carevis xa-
risxi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia.732 Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
xelSekrulebis misadagebis733 sakiTxisadmi angloamerikuli da kon-
tinenturi samarTlebrivi sistema konceftualurad gansxvavebul
midgomas avlens: saerTo samarTalSi xelSekrulebis ganuxorcieleb-
lobisa da saxelSekrulebo miznis amaoebis doqtrinaTa gamoyenebis
samarTlebrivi Sedegi aris xelSekrulebis Sewyveta. germanuli sa-
marTlisgan gansxvavebiT, inglisuri samarTlis saxelSekrulebo
miznis amaoebis doqtrina ar iTvaliswinebs sasamarTlos mier xel-
Sekrulebis adaptaciis SesaZleblobas.734 sasamarTlos Careva xorci-
eldeba zianisa da uaryofiTi Sedegebis mxareTa Soris gadanawile-
bis mizniT, rac xelSekrulebis gadasinjvad miiCneva, xolo kontinen-
tur samarTalSi msgavsi samarTlebrivi realoba xelSekrulebis
Sewyvetis tipur SemTxvevas utoldeba mxarisTvis zianis anazRaure-
bis valdebulebis dakisrebiT.
saerTo samarTalSi moqmedebs mkacri pasuxismgeblobis princi-
pi, romlis gamoyenebisa da ukiduresad garTulebuli valdebulebis
mkacri sizustiT Sesrulebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, saxelSekru-
lebo urTierTobis winaswari Sewyveta sasamarTlos mier aRniSnul
sistemaSi xelSekrulebis modificirebad aris miCneuli.735
amrigad, xelSekrulebis amaoebis an ganuxorcieleblobis aR-
mocenebis Semdgom sasamarTlos Careva mxolod xelSekrulebis Sewy-
vetis da ara misi samomavlo Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofas isaxavs
miznad. kontinentursamarTlebriv sistemaSi xelSekrulebis gadasin-
jva meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis ganxorcielebis reJimSi tran-
sformaciis gareSe, pirveladi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sec-
vlili pirobebiT Sesrulebas gulisxmobs.
733 Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis mniSvnelobiT komerci-
ul saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebSi araerTi termini gamoiyeneba: adaptacia, modi-
ficireba, Segueba, gadaxedva, Secvla, SeTanxmeba da a.S. ix. Ciematniece I., Contract Rene-
gotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation in International Commercial
Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, 2010, 17.
734 Beale H., Hartkamp A.(eds.), Cases, Materials and Text on Contract Law, Oregon, Hart Publishing Oxford
and Portland, 2002, 607.

735 Collins H., The Law of Contract. LexisNexis Butterworths: London, 2003, 294, miTiTebulia: Uribe
M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding Force of the Contracts, Comparative Perspectives,
Intersentia, 2011, 236.
152
amerikis erTiani savaWro kodeqsi (SemdgomSi – aesk)736 sasamar-
Tlos aniWebs xelSekrulebaSi arsebuli xarvezis Sevsebis ufleba-
mosilebas _ samarTlianobisa da gonivruli gansjis safuZvelze ga-
dawyvitos damatebiTi Sesrulebis sakiTxi.737 mniSvnelovan gadawyve-
tilebad Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis adaptaciis Se-
saxeb, SesaZlebelia, dasaxeldes saqme: aluminis amerikuli kompania
eseqs jgufis winaaRmdeg738, romlis ganxilvisas sasamarTlom komer-
ciuli ganuxorcieleblobis doqtrinis safuZvliT moaxdina ara
tradiciulad Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan ganTavisufleba, aramed
winaswar gauTvaliswinebeli Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekru-
lebis misadageba, riskebisa da zaralis mxareebze gadanawilebis
gziT.739
aesk-is 2-209-e paragrafis Tanaxmad, SeTanxmebis mboWavi Zala,
romelic saxelSekrulebo pirobebis cvlilebas iTvaliswinebs, ar
SeiZleba iyos sadavo. Tumca, aseTi cvlilebebi ganxorcielebuli
unda iyos keTilsindisierebis principis Sesabamisad. amasTan, keTil-
sindisierebis principis darRveviT Tavdapirveli xelSekrulebis pi-
robebis Sesrulebaze Tavis arideba an SeTanxmebis modificirebis
iZuleba legitimuri komerciuli mizezisa da interesis gareSe, CaiT-
vleba keTilsindisierebis principis darRvevad.740 Tumca aesk-iT reg-
lamentirebuli Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadage-
bis wesi sasamarTlo praqtikaSi SedarebiT iSviaTad gamoiyeneba.741
1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001. The American Law Institute and the National
permission of the Permanent Editorial Board for the Uniform Commercial Code for the limited purposes of
study, teaching, and academic research, 2003,
<http://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/ucc.table.html>, [24.06.2014].
738 Aluminum Co. of American vs. Essex Group, Inc., 449 F. Supp.53 (W.D. Pa.1980).
739 Halpern S.W., Application of the Doctrine of Commercial Impracticability: Searching for “The Wisdom of
Solomon”, U. Pa. L. Rev., Vol. 135, No.5, 1987, 1125,

<http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3961&context=penn_law_review>,
[24.06.2014].
1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001. The American Law Institute and the National
permission of the Permanent Editorial Board for the Uniform Commercial Code, 2003, <http://www.law.-
cornell.edu/ucc/ucc.table.html>, [24.06.2014].
Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 235; Goldber V.P., Framing Contract Law, An Economic Perspective,
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, 2006, 326.
153
3. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba mxareTa
molaparakebis gziT
3.1. keTilsindisierebis principis gavlena samarTlis

institutebis ganviTarebaze
kontinenturi evropis qveynebis umravles samarTlebriv siste-

maSi valdebulebiTi samarTali aRiarebs da icavs fundamentur prin-
cips, rom xelSekrulebis formirebisa da misi aRsrulebis etapze
mxareebi unda xelmZRvanelobdnen keTilsindisierebis principiT, ro-
melic Tavisi arsiT samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofas gulisxmobs.742
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis doqtrina,
rogorc saxelSekrulebo interesis realizebis meqanizmi, swored ke-
Tilsindisierebis principis safuZvelze aRmocenda. ,,saukuneebis gan-
mavlobaSi ,,keTilsindisierebis daTqmaze~ dayrdnobiT kerZo samar-
Tlis araerTi instituti Camoyalibda da ganviTarda.~743 am principis
pirmSoa Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis doq-
trinac.744
,,keTilsindisierebis principi individis moqmedebas samarTlia-
nobis kriteriumTan urTierTkavSirSi ganixilavs. igi individis moq-
medebis Tavisuflebis erTgvari SezRudvaa. piri calkeul SemTxveva-
Si ,,keTilsindisierad~ mijnavs samarTlians usamarTlosgan da Tavis
qcevas samarTlianobis kriteriums Seusabamebs. mas unda swamdes, rom
samarTlianad iqceva, anu ise, rogorc amas obieqturi damkvirvebeli
Tu miukerZoebeli piri samarTlianad Seafasebda. swored keTilsin-
disierebis princips daqvemdebarebuli moqmedebis Tavisuflebidan ga-
momdinareobs subieqtis mier sxva piris interesebis gaTvaliswinebis
valdebuleba im moculobiT, romelic ar iwvevs Tavad misi interese-
bis araTanazomier SezRudvas.~745
sxvadasxva samarTlis sistemaSi keTilsindisierebis principi-
saTvis miniWebuli gansxvavebuli funqcia imavdroulad am principis
gansxvavebul mniSvnelobas ganapirobebs. germanul samarTalSi ke-
Tilsindisieri qceva mxareTa upirvelesi valdebulebaa. yvela ufle-
742 Collins H., The Law of Contract, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2003, 216-217; ix. aseve,
ssk-is 261-e II muxli.
744 Tallon D., wignSi: Hartkamp A.S., Hesselink M., Hondius E.H., du Perron E., Joustra C., Veldman
M.(eds.), Towards a European Civil Code, 3rd ed., Kluwer Law International, 2004, 503; ix. aseve,
CitaSvili n., Secvlili garemoebebiT warmoSobili Sesrulebis garTuleba da Se-
uZlebloba, ,,samarTlis Jurnali~, #2, 2011, 139-142.
154
bisa da movaleobis ganxorcieleba keTilsindisierebis ZiriTad wess
unda efuZnebodes.746
germanul sasamarTlo praqtikasa da iuridiul doqtrinaSi ke-
Tilsindisierebis principis ganmamtkicebeli gsk-is 242-e paragrafi
yovlismomcvel zogad debulebad Camoyalibda, romlis gamoyenebac
scildeba mis sityvasityviT mniSvnelobas da zegavlenas axdens
mTel samarTlis sistemaze.747
Kgermanuli samarTlis gavleniT keTilsindisierebis valdebu-
leba universaluri principis748 saxiT ganmtkicda ssk-is araerT mux-
lSi, xolo valdebulebiT samarTalSi asaxva hpova 361-e II muxlis749
SinaarsiT. sakanonmdeblo doneze principis reglamentaciasTan er-
Tad, mizanSewonilia, qarTul sasamarTlo praqtikaSi gaizardos aR-
niSnuli normatiuli principis moqmedebis SemTxvevebi da igi ,,gamo-
yenebul iqnes samarTliani Sedegebis dadgomisaTvis da, amave dros,
aSkarad usamarTlo Sedegis Tavidan acilebisaTvis.~750 keTilsindisi-
erebis principis farTo gamoyeneba samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi urTi-
erTobebis mosawesrigeblad realurad uzrunvelyofda samoqalaqo
brunvis stabilurobasa da mis monawileTa interesebis samarTlian
gadanawilebas.

molaparakebis warmoebis valdebuleba keTilsindisierebis
principis dacviT
umravles evropul samarTlebriv sistemaSi Secvlili garemoe-

bebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba umTavresad mxareTa mier xorci-
eldeba, Tumca aRniSnuli uflebamosileba miniWebuli aqvs sasamar-
Tlosac. Tu sasamarTlo uSedegod miiCnevs kontrahentebze molapa-
747 Palandt/Heinrichs, 2003, §242, Rdnr. 16, miTiTebulia: kereseliZe d., samoqalaqo kodeqsis
zogadi debulebebi, Jurn. `qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, 7/2004-1, 34.

748 am principis universalurobaze metyvelebs ssk-is me-8 III muxli, romelic
ganmtkicebulia ssk-is zogad nawilSi da yvela samoqalaqosamarTlebriv
urTierTobas miemarTeba.
749 aRniSnuli muxli awesebs valdebulebis jerovnad, keTilsindisierad, daTqmul
drosa da adgilas Sesrulebis savaldebuloobas.
750ioseliani a., keTilsindisierebis principi saxelSekrulebo samarTalSi, (Seda-
rebiTsamarTlebrivi gamokvleva), ,,qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri ga-
mocema, 2007, 12.
155
rakebis valdebulebis dakisrebas, maSin Tavad axorcielebs xelSek-
rulebis adaptacias.751
kontinenturi evropis qveynebSi Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
xelSekrulebis misadageba keTilsindisierebisa da samarTlianobis
principTa safuZvelze xorcieldeba.752 Secvlili garemoebebis gavle-
niT Sesrulebis garTulebis warmoSobisas, keTilsindisierebis prin-
cipi mxareebs akisrebs urTierTTanamSromlobis valdebulebas xel-
Sekrulebis adaptaciis mizniT, xolo sasamarTlos aniWebs misi misa-
dagebis uflebamosilebas, romelic mowodebulia saxelSekrulebo
samarTlianobisa da wonasworobis aRdgenisaTvis mxareTa Tavdapirve-
li mizani ganmartos keTilsindisierebis principis WrilSi.
Tanamedrove samarTlebriv sivrceSi xelSekruleba ganixileba,
rogorc mxareTa legitimuri miznebisa da interesebis amsaxveli Se-
Tanxmeba da ara martooden kontrahentTa uflebebisa da movaleobe-
bis mkacrad mareglamentirebeli dokumenti.753
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis monawileebs xelSekrulebis
Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad ekisrebaT urTierTTanamSromlobis
valdebuleba.754 evropuli principebis Tanaxmad, urTierTTanamSrom-
lobis valdebulebis Seusrulebloba, misi mniSvnelobidan gamomdi-
nare, valdebulebis darRvevis damoukidebel saxes afuZnebs da mas-
Tan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis meqanizmebis755 gamoyenebis
uflebas aRmoacenebs.756 molaparakebis warmoeba xelSekrulebis adap-
taciis mizniT, mxareTa Tanaqmedebis valdebulebis gamoxatulebad
unda ganimartos.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis mizniT
mxareTa molaparakebis savaldebulooba aRniSnuli valdebulebis
saxelSekrulebo daTqmebiT ganmtkicebisgan damoukideblad moqme-
debs. xsenebuli valdebuleba gansakuTrebiT mkacrad vrceldeba
SromiTsaxelSekrulebo urTierTobebze. molaparakebis savaldebu-
loobis principi kontinenturi samarTlis sistemis arsobrivi maxasi-
aTebelia, rameTu is gansakuTrebiT orientirebulia saxelSekrulebo
751
Frick J.G., Arbitration and Complex International Contracts, Kluwer Law International, Schulthess, 2001,
183.

754 ix. evropuli principebis 1:201-e muxli.
755 maT Soris, zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebas (SeniSvna _ n.C.).
756 Busch D., Hondius E., Kooten H.V., Schelhaas H.N., Schrama W. (eds.), The Principles of European
Contract Law and Dutch Law: A Commentary, Kluwer Law International, Ars Aequi Libri, Nijmegen, 2002,
52.
156
urTierTobis dacvasa da valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa-
ze.757
saerTaSoriso savaWro palatis wesebi xelSekrulebis adapta-
ciis Sesaxeb da unsitralis wesebi SemaTanxmebeli procedurebis Se-
saxeb, marTalia, ar ganamtkiceben forsmaJorisa da Sesrulebis gar-
Tulebis cnebebs, magram ganamtkiceben molaparakebis valdebulebas
xelSekrulebis adaptaciis mizniT.758 Secvlili garemoebebis aRmoce-
neba avtomaturad ar warmoSobs adaptaciis valdebulebas, aramed
molaparakebis moTxovnis uflebas aniWebs mxares.759 valdebulebis
Sesrulebis garTuleba kontrahentebis mimarT aRmoacenebs molapara-
kebaSi CarTvis valdebulebas Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekru-
lebis misadagebis mizniT. aRniSnuli valdebulebis Seusruleblo-
bis SemTxvevaSi xelSekrulebis misadagebas axorcielebs damoukide-
beli mesame piri mosamarTlis an arbitris saxiT.760
daTqma Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus Secvlili garemoebebis arsebo-
bisas iTvaliswinebs molaparakebaTa gamarTvas kontraqtis adaptaci-
is uzrunvelsayofad, SeTanxmebis pirobebis gadaxedvas imgvarad, rom
Sesrulebis gagrZeleba SesaZlebeli gaxdes.761 amdenad, Secvlili ga-
remoebebis pirobebSi mxareTa umTavresi mizani xelSekrulebis Se-
narCuneba unda iyos.762
unificirebul kerZo samarTalSi Secvlili garemoebebis gav-
leniT Sesrulebis ukiduresi damZimebis Semdgom dazaralebul mxa-
res warmoeSoba saxelSekrulebo molaparakebaSi CarTvis moTxovna
kontrahentis mimarT.763
DCFR-is III.-1:110(2)(d) muxli mxares akisrebs valdebulebas ke-
Tilsindisierebisa da gonierebis principis dacviT molaparakebis
gziT miaRwios saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebis momwesrigebeli
normebis gonivrul da samarTlian adaptirebas.764 evropuli principe-
758 iqve, 38.
759 BGHZ 10, 44, 51; 350 F; BGH NJW 1967, 1081; BGH WM 1975, 769.
2012, 672-673.
761 gogiaSvili g., Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus, dinamika da statika samarTalSi, Jurn.
,,qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, 9/2006-1/2, 110.
2004, 264.
Publications, Inc, Dobbs, Ferry, New York, 2004, 221.
157
bisa da unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis ZaliT mxareTa sasa-
marTlosadmi mimarTvis uflebis winapirobad dadgenilia saxelSek-
rulebo molaparakebis warumatebloba,765 rac imavdroulad gulis-
xmobs, rom mxareTa urTierTmolaparakeba kontrahentTa kanoniT gan-
mtkicebuli valdebulebaa. unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis
6.2.3-e muxli aniWebs mxares molaparakebaSi kontrahentis mowvevis uf-
lebas, rasac bunebrivia, Seesatyviseba xelSemkvreli mxaris sanac-
vlo valdebuleba. mraval saarbitraJo gadawyvetilebaSic aRiarebu-
lia molaparakebaSi CarTvis valdebuleba.766
keTilsindisierebis principi aris saxelSekrulebo molaparake-
baSi kontrahentis CarTvis moTxovnis samarTlebrivi safuZveli fsk-
Si.767 gsk-is 313-e paragrafi pirdapir ar miuTiTebs molaparakebaSi
CarTvis valdebulebaze, Tumca davis gadawyvetisas Secvlili gare-
moebebisadmi xelSekrulebis adaptaciis upiratesoba mis Sewyvetas-
Tan SedarebiT molaparakebis etapis savaldebuloobaze metyvelebs.
germanul sasamarTlo praqtikaSi ki aRiarebulia midgoma, rom mxa-
res eniWeba Setyobinebis gagzavnisa da saxelSekrulebo molaparake-
bis moTxovnis ufleba768. germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos praqti-
kidan vlindeba, rom marTlmsajuleba upiratesobas grZelvadian sa-
xelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi mxareTa nebis Tavisuflebis principis
safuZvelze ganxorcielebul saxelSekrulebo molaparakebas ani-
Webs.769 TviT germanuli valdebulebiTi samarTlis reformamdec ger-
manuli sasamarTlo praqtika xelSekrulebis safuZvlis rRvevisas
mxareTa upirveles valdebulebad aRiarebda keTilsindisierebis
principis safuZvelze urTierTmolaparakebis savaldebuloobas xel-
Sekrulebis adaptaciis mizniT.770
amerikul samarTlebriv doqtrinaSi keTilsindisierebis prin-
cipi aris miCneuli, rogorc kontrahentze molaparakebaSi CarTvis
766 2000 Arbitral Award ICC International Court of Arbitration (No.10021); December 2001 Arbitral Award
ICC International Court of Arbitration (No. 9994), Centro de Arbitraje de México (CAM), 30.11.2006,
<http://www.unilex.info/case.cfm?pid=2&do=case&id=1149&step=Abstract>,
miTiTebulia wignSi: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding Force of the
Contracts, Comparative Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 209.
767 ix. fsk-is (French Civil Code, Translated by Rouhette G. with the assistance of Rouhette-Berton A.,
2006) 1134-e muxli.

768 ix. OLG Karlsruhe, DB 1980, 254 (saqme Seexeba eleqtroenergiis miwodebis grZelvadi-
an xelSekrulebas).
769 Horn N., Changes in Circumstances and the Revision of Contracts in some European Laws and in
International Law, 1985, 23 wignSi: Horn N.(ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in Inter-
national Trade and Finance, Deventer/The Netherlands, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1985.
770 Karampatzos A., Supervening Hardship as Subdivision of the General Frustration Rule. A Comparative
Analysis with Reference to Anglo American, German, French and Greek Law, Eur. Rev. of Prv. L., Vol. 13,
2005, 134, <www.KluwerLawInternational.com>, [24.06.2014].
158
valdebulebis dakisrebis safuZveli, rodesac Secvlili garemoebe-
bis gavleniT meore mxaris mier ukiduresad rTuldeba valdebule-
bis aRsruleba. kerZod, aesk-is 1-304-e paragrafis Tanaxmad, nebismieri
xelSekruleba da movaleoba misi ganxorcielebisa da aRsrulebis
procesSi iTvaliswinebs keTilsindisierebis valdebulebis dacvas.771
italiuri iuridiuli doqtrinis Tanaxmad, rodesac xelSekru-
lebis Sesrulebis pirobebi aRar Seesabameba im ,,ekonomikur logi-
kas~, romelic xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze arsebobda, maSin daza-
ralebul mxares aqvs ufleba moiTxovos molaparakebebis dawyeba sa-
xelSekrulebo wonasworobis aRdgenis mizniT.772
saxelSekrulebo molaparakebis valdebulebis sakanonmdeblo
doneze reglamentacia mniSvnelovnad waaxalisebs davebis mSvidobia-
ni gadawyvetis formebis gamoyenebas sasamarTlo procesebTan Seda-
rebiT.773 xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis sapirispirod mxolod molapara-
kebis warmoebis gziT SeZleben mxareebi iyvnen moqnilni, xeli Seuwy-
on urTierTndobis formirebasa da hqondeT koordinacia keTilsin-
disierebis principis dacviT davis gadawyvetis procesSi,774 raTa
miRweul iqnes saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis mizani _ valdebulebis
Sesruleba.775
xelSekruleba aris instrumenti, romelic mxareTa legitimuri
molodinis aRsrulebisaTvis moiTxovs mudmiv urTierTTanamSromlo-
bas da Tanaqmedebis valdebulebis ganxorcielebas. urTierTTanam-
Sromlobis valdebuleba, rogorc mxareTa qcevis saxelmZRvanelo
principi, saxelSekrulebo molaparakebas Secvlili garemoebebis aR-
mocenebis upirobod Tanamdev procesad moiazrebs.776
771 amerikuli samarTlisgan konceftualurad gansxvavebuli midgoma aqvs inglisur

samarTals, romelic ar icnobs mxareTa keTilsindisierebis, loialobisa da Tana-
qmedebis, Sesabamisad, saxelSekrulebo molaparakebaSi CarTvis valdebulebas, ix.
Cartwright J., Negotiation and Renegotiation: an English Perspective. In: Cartwright J., Vogenauer S.,
Whittaker S. (eds.), Reforming the French Law of Obligations, Comparative Reflections on the Avant-Projet
De Réforeme Du Droit Des Obligations Et De La Prescription (‘the Avant-Projet Catala’). Hart Publishing:
Oxford, 2009, 52, miTiTebulia wignSi: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the
772 Macario F., Adeguamento e rinegoziazione nei contratti a lungo termine. Jovene Editore: Naples, 1996,
312, miTiTebulia wignSi: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding Force of the

774 Macneil I.R., The New Social Contract: An Inquiry into Modern Contractual Relations, Yale University
Press New Haven, CT., 1980, miTiTebulia: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the
775 Williston S., Lord R.A., A Treatise on the Law of Contracts, Thomson/West: Rochester, New York,
§77:10, 1990, 306.

159
moTxovnis wardgenis valdebuleba
ssk-is 398-e I muxlis Tanaxmad, Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xel-

Sekrulebis misadageba Semdeg samarTlebriv winapirobebs ukavSirde-
ba: Tu is garemoebebi, romlebic xelSekrulebis dadebis safuZveli
gaxda, xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdgom aSkarad Seicvala da mxaree-
bi ar dadebdnen am xelSekrulebas an dadebdnen sxva SinaarsiT, es
cvlilebebi rom gaeTvaliswinebinaT, maSin SeiZleba moTxovnil iqnes
xelSekrulebis misadageba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi. sayuradReboa
aseve, rom valdebulebis Sesrulebis iseTi dabrkoleba, rodesac
mxares ar SeiZleba (e.i. aragonivrulia) moeTxovos Seucvleli xel-
Sekrulebis mkacrad dacva keTilsindisierebisa da samarTlianobis
principebidan gamomdinare, iuridiul doqtrinaSi Sesrulebis garTu-
lebis warmoSobis aucilebel winapirobad ganixileba, ramdenadac
Sesrulebis gonivruloba xelSekrulebis mboWavi Zalis ganmsazR-
vrel kriteriumad aris miCneuli.777 am SemTxvevaSi ,,xelSekruleba
xdeba ara TanamSromlobisa da Tavisufali brunvis saSualeba, ara-
med erTi mxaris meoreze damorCilebis iaraRi~.778 Sesabamisad, ,,kanon-
mdebelma gamarTlebulad miiCnia saxelSekrulebo boWvisagan im pi-
ris ganTavisufleba, romelic garemoebaTa cvlilebis Sedegad mniS-
vnelovnad da araTanazomierad zaraldeba~.779 aseTi Sesruleba uTa-
nasworo mdgomareobaSi Caayenebda samoqalaqo brunvis monawileebs.
amdenad, Sesrulebis aragonivruloba, araracionaluroba Ses-
rulebis garTulebis, rogorc koncefciis, srulad dafuZnebis sxva
savaldebulo winapirobebTan erTad erT-erT aucilebel winapirobad
da ara mis Tanamdev Sedegad unda iqnes gansaxilvel muxlSi ganmtki-
cebuli.
muxlis aRniSnuli formulireba ewinaaRmdegeba xelSekrulebis
misadagebis moTxovnisa da molaparakebis savaldebuloobis princips,
rameTu iTvaliswinebs SemTxvevebs, rodesac ar SeiZleba moTxovnil
iqnes Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba, aramed
pirdapir xelSekrulebidan gasvla.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba xelSek-
rulebis gadarCenasa da mis aRsrulebas emsaxureba. amitomac, ro-
gorc zemoT dawvrilebiT iqna axsnili, unificirebul kerZo samar-
777 magaliTad, gsk-is (German Civil Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesministerium der Justiz,
Juris GmbH, Saarbrücken, 2005) §313 I.
778 zoiZe b., evropuli kerZo samarTlis recefcia saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos
779 CaCava s., moTxovnebis da moTxovnis safuZvlebis konkurencia kerZo samarTalSi,
sadisertacio naSromi, Tb., 2010, 68, <http://tsu.edu.ge/data/file_db/faculty-law-public/sofio_chacha-

va.pdf>, [24.06.2014].
160
Talsa da umravles samarTlebriv sistemaSi erTmniSvnelovnad aRia-
rebulia mxareTa molaparakebis savaldebulooba xelSekrulebis
adaptaciis mizniT. amdenad, SeuZlebelia arsebobdes SemTxvevebi, ro-
desac ar iqneba moTxovnili Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekru-
lebis misadagebis mizniT mxareTa molaparakeba rogorc es 398-e I
muxlis bolo winadadebaSia miTiTebuli. amitom, fraza ,,winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi~ arsobrivad cvlis sakiTxis regulirebas da muxlis da-
nawesidan srulad unda iqnes amoRebuli. amasTan, formulirebas: ,,Se-
saZlebelia moTxovnil iqnes Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekru-
lebis misadageba~ unda mieniWos imperatiuli mniSvneloba da SesaZ-
lebloba unda ganisazRvros valdebulebis saxiT. arsi swored isaa,
rom upirvelesad, savaldebulo wesiT unda ganxorcieldes Secvli-
li garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis mcdeloba mxareTa
mier da mxolod aRniSnulis uSedegod dasrulebis Semdgom SesaZle-
belia xelSekrulebis Sewyveta xelSekrulebidan gasvlis gziT.
Sesabamisad, sakanonmdeblo debulebis dazusteba SesaZlebelia
Semdegi formulirebiT: Tu is garemoebebi, romlebic xelSekrulebis
dadebis safuZveli gaxda, xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg aSkarad Se-
icvala da mxareebi ar dadebdnen am xelSekrulebas an dadebdnen
sxva SinaarsiT, es cvlilebebi rom gaeTvaliswinebinaT, maSin aRmo-
cendeba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis
moTxovna, Tu calkeul garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT xelSekrulebis
mxares ar SeiZleba moeTxovos Seucvleli xelSekrulebis mkacrad
dacva.
3.4 molaparakebis moTxovnis savaldebulooba da misi

uaryofis dauSvebloba
ssk-is 398-e muxli winaaRmdegobrivi regulirebiT xasiaTdeba.

kerZod, III nawilis I winadadeba, amave muxlis I nawilisgan gansxvave-
biT, Secvlil garemoebaTa pirobebSi xelSekrulebis adaptaciis miz-
niT molaparakebas mxareTa upirveles valdebulebad gansazRvravs:
mxareebi jer unda Seecadon, rom xelSekruleba miusadagon Secvlil
garemoebebs. ,,mizani amisa isev Sesrulebisadmi mxardaWeraa, mxareebi-
saTvis imisi Sexsenebaa, rom Secvlil garemoebebs isini ki ar unda
gaeqcnen, aramed yvelaferi unda gaakeTon, rom xelSekruleba Seagu-
on maT. amiT samoqalaqo brunvis stabilurobac SenarCundeba da
xelSekrulebac Sesruldeba~.780 meqanizmi, romelic uzrunvelyofs
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebas, nagulisxme-
780zoiZe b., evropuli kerZo samarTlis recefcia saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos

instituti, kerZo samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2005, 288-289.
161
vad ganixileba saxelSekrulebo boWvis komponentad,781 romlis miza-
ni principis – xelSekruleba unda Sesruldes – gatarebaa.
ssk-is 398-e III muxlis darCenili nawili zemoTqmulis sawinaaR-
mdego mowesrigebas iTvaliswinebs: Tuki SeuZlebelia xelSekrulebis
misadageba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi, an meore mxare amas ar eTan-
xmeba, maSin im mxares, romlis interesebic dairRva, SeuZlia uari
Tqvas xelSekrulebaze. aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo debuleba ugule-
belyofs sasamarTlos rols782 Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSek-
rulebis misadagebis procesSi, ramdenadac saxelSekrulebo molapa-
rakebis etapze misadagebis SeuZleblobas an erT-erTi mxaris Tanxmo-
bis ararsebobas pirdapir xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebas ukavSi-
rebs da saxelSekrulebo molaparakebis Semdgom etapad sasamarTlo-
sadmi adaptaciis moTxovnis uflebis wardgenas ar ganixilavs, maSin
rodesac, Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis in-
stituti precedentuli samarTlis pirmSoa, romelic sasamarTlo wi-
aRSi aRmocenda da Semdgom pova sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia. ,,ev-
ropul samarTalSic ki Secvlili garemoebani umeteswilad sasamar-
Tlo praqtikaSi dadgenili garemoebania~.783
SeniSvna safuZvlianad unda gamoiTqvas im sakanonmdeblo debu-
lebis mimarT, romelic mxares avtomaturad aniWebs xelSekrulebidan
gasvlis uflebas xelSekrulebis misadagebis mimarT misi Tanxmobis
ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi. kreditoris uari Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
xelSekrulebis misadagebaze ar unda iyos angariSgasawevi, ramdenadac
mas upirispirdeba movalis pativsadebi interesi, saxelSekrulebo wo-
nasworobisa da interesTa balansis aRdgenis principi. mxare valdebu-
lia, xeli Seuwyos xelSekrulebis gadarCenisken mimarTul RonisZie-
bebs da 398-e III muxlis ganxiluli winadadebis (Tuki SeuZlebelia
xelSekrulebis misadageba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi, an meore mxare
amas ar eTanxmeba) ZaliT ar SeiZleba mas eniWebodes Secvlili gare-
moebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis uaryofis ufleba pativsade-
bi safuZvlis gareSe. xelSekrulebis adaptaciaze uari dasaSvebad Se-
iZleba iqnes ganxiluli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac is ver uz-
runvelyofs mxareTa interesebis dabalansebas. am pirobebSic xelSek-
rulebis adaptaciis sakiTxze saboloo gadawyvetilebis miReba unda
miendos sasamarTlos. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis mi-
sadagebaze molaparakebis gziT SeTanxmebis miuRwevlobis pirobebSi,
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis realizebamde xelSekrulebis
adaptaciis moTxovniT sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva, damatebiTi Sesru-
782 Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j. (red.), saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, Tb., 2001, 407.
783 iqve, 400.
162
lebis msgavsad, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobad unda iqnes
ganxiluli.
ekonomikuri SeuZleblobisas valdebuleba, marTalia, movalisaT-
vis ukiduresad mZimea Sesasruleblad, magram es sirTule ar aris kre-
ditoris Sesrulebis interesTan mniSvnelovnad Seusabamo (arapropor-
ciuli). kreditoris Sesrulebis interessa da movalis Sesrulebis
sirTules Soris Seusabamoba ar arsebobs – ramdenadac rTulia val-
debulebis Sesruleba movalisaTvis, imdenad mniSvnelovania amgvari
Sesrulebis miReba kreditorisaTvis. am pirobebSi, xelSekrulebis mi-
sadageba yovelTvis movalis, rogorc dazaralebuli mxaris, intere-
sebs exmianeba, romlisTvisac Tavdapirveli pirobebiT Sesruleba mZime
Sedegebs ukavSirdeba. kreditorisaTvis umjobesia xelSekrulebis uc-
vleli pirobebiT Sesruleba, romelic mniSvnelovnad zrdis misTvis
saxelSekrulebo interess, xelSekrulebis fassa da sargeblianobas.
Tumca kreditorisaTvis Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis Se-
sabamisobaSi moyvana ar iqneba mZime ekonomikuri Sedegis momtani, ram-
denadac misadagebis dros sasamarTlo maqsimalurad xelmZRvanelobs
keTilsindisierebisa (ssk-is me-8 III, 361-e II muxlebi) da samarTlianobis
(ssk-is 325-e muxli) principebiT.
3.5. molaparakebis gamarTvis mizani da winapirobebi
saxelSekrulebo molaparakeba mniSvnelovnad amcirebs davis

warmoSobis SesaZleblobas da xels uwyobs urTierTobis mowesrige-
basa da gamyarebas mxareebs Soris.784 saxelSekrulebo molaparakeba
uTanxmoebis gadawyvetis yvelaze efeqturi da swrafi saSualebaa,
nakleb xarjebs ukavSirdeba da mxareTa urTierTSeTanxmebis miRwevis
SesaZleblobas iTvaliswinebs jer kidev saxelSekrulebo valdebu-
lebis Sesrulebis etapze.785 molaparakebis valdebulebis aRsruleba
unda ganxorcieldes moqnilobisa da TanamSromlobis formatSi.786
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi gonivruli da samarTliani misada-
geba ar SeiZleba gulisxmobdes saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis abso-
lutur aRdgenas im saxiT, rogoric arsebobda xelSekrulebis dade-
bis etapze. molaparakeba unda iTvaliswinebdes Sesrulebis simZimis
Semsubuqebas movalisaTvis, xolo kreditorisaTvis kvlav saxelSek-
rulebo sargebliT uzrunvelyofas. amdenad, saxelSekrulebo mola-
784 Gotanda J.Y., Renegotiation and Adaptation Clauses in Investment Contracts, Revisited, Vand. J.
Transnat'l L., Vol. 36, 2003, 1469, miTiTebulia: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the
785 Fox W.F., International Commercial Agreements, A Primer on Drafting, Negotiation and Resolving
Disputes, 4th ed., Wolters Kluwer Law and Business, The Netherlands, 2009, 78.
786 Hillman R.A., Court Adjustment of Long-Term Contracts: An Analysis under Modern Contract Law, Duke
L. J., 1987, 17.
163
parakebebi ar SeiZleba isaxavdes saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis
meore mxareze srulad gadakisrebis mizans.787
mxareebma saxelSekrulebo molaparakeba unda awarmoon SeTan-
xmebis miRwevis realuri ganzraxviT, konstruqciulad da ar gamoiye-
non igi rogorc taqtikuri manevri.788 xSirad, molaparakebis keTil-
sindisieri monawile unda iyenebdes mediatoris unar-Cvevebs.789
molaparakebis moTxovna unda ganxorcieldes droulad da un-
da emyarebodes samarTlebriv safuZvlebs, Secvlili garemoebebis Se-
saxeb zust informacias da valdebulebis Sesrulebaze maTi zemoqme-
debis xarisxs. am TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania, bulgareTis savaWro
da industriuli palatis saarbitraJo tribunalis gadawyvetileba,790
romelic Seexeba garTulebuli saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Ses-
rulebis sakiTxs. kerZod, saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis safuZvelze
mopasuxem misi mxridan molaparakebebSi monawileobis miuRebloba im
argumentaciiT gaamarTla, rom movales ar ganucxadebia mimwodeb-
lisTvis, Tu ra xarisxiT daamZimebda Secvlili garemoebebis zemoq-
medeba valdebulebis Sesrulebas, Sesabamisad, ra periodiT unda gan-
xorcielebuliyo saqonlis miwodebis SeCereba da a.S.
keTilsindisierebis principi moiTxovs, rom molaparakebebSi
CarTvis moTxovna iyos safuZvliani da yvela im informaciis momcve-
li, romelic aucilebelia kontrahentis mier viTarebis adekvaturi
SefasebisaTvis.791 amasTan, aucilebelia, rom saxelSekrulebo mola-
parakebisaTvis gonivruli vada iyos gansazRvruli.792
molaparakebaSi CarTvis moTxovna gagzavnil unda iqnes Secvli-
li garemoebis aRmocenebis Semdgom gonivrul vadaSi da iyos safuZ-
vlianad motivirebuli.793 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmar-
tebiT, Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis moTx-
788
Bonell M. J., An International Restatement of Contract Law. The UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts, 3rd ed., Ardsley, New York: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 2009, 120.
789 Sivigila P., Contracts and Negotiating for the business person (You and Your Lawyer), Carolina Academic
Press, United States of America, 2007, 70.

790
Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry [BTTP (Bulgarska turgosko-promishlena palata), Case No.
11/96, 12 February 1998, <http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/980212bu.html#cd>, [24.06.2014].

Law (Acquis Group), Sellier, Eoropean Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 741,
793 Baranauskas E., Zapolskis P., The Effect of Change in Circumstances on the performance of Contract,
Jurisprudence, 2009, 4(118), 209,

<https://www.mruni.eu/en/mokslo_darbai/jurisprudencija/archyvas/dwn.php?id=226356>, [24.06.2014]. ix.
aseve, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 6.2.3-e (1) muxli.
164
ovna unda emyarebodes keTilsindisierebis princips. erT-erT saqmeze
sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom mxarem, romelmac Secvlili garemoebebi-
sadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis moTxovna valdebuli piris mier
Sesrulebis vadis dadgomamde 5 dRiT (aragonivruli vadiT) adre wa-
radgina, mniSvnelovnad daarRvia keTilsindisierebis moTxovna. 794
saxelSekrulebo molaparakebisa da dabrkolebis mier gamowve-
uli uaryofiTi Sedegebis moqmedebis periodi SesaZlebelia didxans
gagrZeldes. amitomac, xelSekrulebis gadarCenis miznisaTvis, raTa
ar moxdes uflebamosili mxaris mier xelSekrulebis Sewyveta da me-
oradi moTxovnis uflebebisadmi mimarTva, aucilebelia, molaparake-
bis momTxovnma dazaralebulma mxarem mimarTvaSi gansazRvros is mi-
nimaluri Sesruleba, ris uzrunvelyofasac SeZlebs molaparakebis
mimdinareobis periodSi, raTa ziani ar miadges kreditoris intere-
sebs. Tu mxare uars acxadebs minimaluri Sesrulebis ganxorcieleba-
ze, is SeiZleba moTxovnil iqnes sasamarTlos ZaliT. amasTan, Tu sa-
xelSekrulebo molaparakebis valdebuleba dakisrebulia sasamar-
Tlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, maSin igi unda gansazRvravdes mi-
nimaluri Sesrulebis ganxorcielebis pirobebs, mxareTa molaparake-
bis dasrulebisa da SeTanxmebis miRwevis gonivrul vadas.795
mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom saxelSekrulebo molaparakebis
warmoebis procesSi mxares SezRuduli aqvs xelSekrulebidan gas-
vlis ufleba.
3.6. saxelSekrulebo daTqmebi molaparakebis warmoebis

valdebulebis Sesaxeb
xelSekrulebis adaptaciis procesSi erT-erTi umniSvnelovane-

si segmenti aris daTqmebi xelSekrulebis adaptaciis mizniT molapa-
rakebis warmoebis valdebulebis Sesaxeb. saxelSekrulebo urTier-
Tobis SenarCunebisaTvis mxareebma davis gadawyvetis formaluri da
radikaluri saSualebebisadmi mimarTvis nacvlad,796 SesaZlebelia,
ganamtkicon saxelSekrulebo daTqma Secvlili garemoebebis aRmoce-
nebisas upirvelesad molaparakebis warmoebis urTierTsanacvlo val-
debulebis Sesaxeb.797

saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 25 noemberis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-466-707-08.

796 ix.: Fox W.F., International Commercial Agreements, A Primer on Drafting, Negotiation and Resolving
Disputes, 4th ed., Wolters Kluwer Law and Business, The Netherlands, 2009, 77; Ciematniece I., Contract
797 Berger K.P., Renegotiation and Adaptation of International Investment Contracts: The Role of Contract
Drafters and Arbitrators, Vand. J. Transnat'l L., Vol. 36, 2003, 1364,
165
valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis samarTlebrivi Sedege-
bis winaswar gansazRvris SeuZleblobis gaTvaliswinebiT, saxelSek-
rulebo daTqmebi umTavresad molaparakebis savaldebuloobas asa-
xavs, vidre Sesrulebis garTulebis Sedegebisa da Sesabamisi urTi-
erTsanacvlo pasuxismgeblobis aRweras.798 msgavsi daTqmebi emsaxure-
ba grZelvadian urTierTobaTa stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis, aseve,
xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis an darRvevis SemTxvevebis Semcirebis mi-
zans799 da mxareTa saxelSekrulebo avtonomiis principis gamomxatve-
lia.800
saxelSekrulebo daTqmebi Secvlili garemoebebis Sesaxeb um-
Tavresad saerTaSiroso xelSekrulebebSi gamoiyeneba, ramdenadac
isini, ZiriTadad, grZelvadian, gangrZobad da periodulad Sesasru-
lebel saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebs iTvaliswineben. amasTan, sa-
erTaSiroso konteqstSi ekonomikuri garemo mniSvnelovnad swraf da
xSir cvlilebebs ganicdis.801 xelSekrulebis adaptaciis valdebule-
bis ganmamtkicebeli daTqmebi, rogorc wesi, iTvaliswineben xelSek-
rulebis sagnisa da misi mTavari arsis SenarCunebas.802 msgavsi daT-
qmebi TviTaRsrulebadi meqanizmia xelSekrulebaSi, romelic uzrun-
velyofs samomavlo cvlilebebisadmi xelSekrulebis momzadebas mi-
si SenarCunebisa da gadarCenis mizniT, amasTan, SeTanxmebis arsebiTi
elementebis SenarCunebiT.803
saxelSekrulebo daTqmebi molaparakebis warmoebis Sesaxeb ga-
namtkiceben mxareTa valdebulebas SeTanxmebis miRwevis procesSi
imoqmedon keTilsindisierebis, samarTlianobisa da gulisxmierebis
<http://www-prod.law.vanderbilt.edu/publications/journal-of-transnational-law/archives/volume-36-number-
4/download.aspx?id=1888>, [24.06.2014]; Draetta U., Lake R.B., Nanda V.P., Breach and Adaptation on
798Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation
800 Moore H., Allocating Foreseeable Sovereign Risks in Infrastructure Investment in Indonesia: Force
Majeure and Indonesia's Economic Woes, PLI8, 2001, miTiTebulia: Mizrachi K., Force Majeure in
Project Finance: A Comparative and Practical Analysis of Risk Allocation, J. Struct. Finan., Vol. 12, No. 2,
2006, 78; Karampatsos A., Supervening Hardship as Subdivision of the General Frustration Rule: A
Comparative Analysis with Reference to Anglo-American, German, French and Greek Law, Eur. Rev.
Private L., Kluwer Law International, The Netherlands, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2005, 112,
ursor=0&men_tab=srchresults>, [24.06.2014]. Trakman L.E., Declaring Force Majeure: Veracity or Sham?
Un. of New South Wales, 2007, 11, <http://works.bepress.com/leon_trakman/4>, [24.06.2014].
Lex Mercatoria, Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1992, 170-171.

802 Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and
40.
166
principTa Sesabamisad, xelSekrulebis ekonomikuri balansis aRdge-
nis mizniT.804
molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis arseboba imTaviTve ar
gulisxmobs SeTanxmebis valdebulebasac. ar arsebobs erTiani saka-
nonmdeblo an mecnieruli pozicia sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, ekisreba
Tu ara mxares molaparakebis monawilisagan orive kontrahentis inte-
resebis Sesatyvisi da gonivruli Sinaarsis SemoTavazebis miRebis
valdebuleba davis gadawyvetis mizniT. aseTi valdebulebis arsebo-
bis SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania ra kriteriumebis safuZvelze unda
Sefasdes SemoTavazebuli alternativis gonivruloba da mizanSewo-
niloba.805 SeTanxmebas ,,SeTanxmebis miRwevis Sesaxeb~ ar SeiZleba
hqondes mboWavi Zala.806 amitomac, metad savaraudoa, rom xelSekru-
lebis adaptaciis mizniT, saxelSekrulebo molaparakebaSi CarTva
aris Mmolaparakebis miRwevis mcdelobis, SeTanxmebisaTvis aucilebe-
li, gonivruli zomebis miRebis (obligation de moyens) da ara Sedegis
miRwevis (obligation de résultat) valdebuleba. umTavresia, rom mxareebi ke-
Tilsindisierebis principis Sesabamisad Seecadon urTierTSeTanxme-
bas.807
Tu saxelSekrulebo daTqmebiT mxareebma gamoricxes Secvlili
garemoebebis SesaZlo gavlena valdebulebis mboWav Zalaze da am
gavleniT gamowveuli samarTlebrivi SedegebisaTvis pasuxismgebloba,
sasamarTlo uflebamosilia ugulebelyos es SeTanxmeba samarTlia-
nobisa da Tanasworuflebianobis principebis uzrunvelyofis miz-
niT.808
saxelSekrulebo daTqmebi molaparakebis warmoebis valdebule-
bisa da Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis Sesa-
xeb, umTavresad, kontinenturi samarTlis sistemisTvis aris damaxasi-
aTebeli. angloamerikuli samarTlis sistemis qveynebisgan gansxvave-
biT, msgavsi daTqmebis gamoyenebis praqtika gansakuTrebiT farToa
germaniasa da niderlandebSi. aRniSnulis mizezad SesaZlebelia da-
saxeldes inflaciis procesebi, romelic gamoiara kontinenturi ev-
ropis qveynebma.809
Drafters and Arbitrators, Vand. J. Transnat'l L., Vol. 36, 2003, 1363-1364.
805 iqve; Speidel R.E., Court-Imposed Price Adjustments Under Long-Term Supply Contracts, N/W Univ. L.
Rev., Vol. 76, 1981, 408-410, 416.

806 Gaillard E., Savage J. (eds.), Fouchard Gaillard Goldman on International Commercial Arbitration, 1st
ed., Business & Economics, Kluwer Law International 1999, 830.

808 Brownlie I., Principles of Public International Law, 2 nd ed., 1973, 599, miTiTebulia: Ciematniece I.,
Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation in International
809
Perillo J., Force Majeure and Hardship under the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial
Contracts, Tul. J. Int'l & Comp. L., Vol. 5, 1997, 26-27.
167
daTqmebi xelSekrulebis adaptaciis mizniT molaparakebis war-
moebis valdebulebis Sesaxeb, mniSvnelovnad amcirebs mxareTa Soris
davis warmoSobisa da aRniSnuli safuZvliT saxelSekrulebo urTi-
erTobis Sewyvetis risks. amitomac, msgavsi daTqmebi xelSekrulebis
stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis meqanizmad SeiZleba iqnes ganxilu-
li.810 amasTan, daTqmebi molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis Sesa-
xeb, mxareTa mier molaparakebis procesisaTvis dadgenil kriteriu-
mebsac iTvaliswinebs, romlebic, SesaZlebelia, efeqturad iqnes ga-
moyenebuli davis gadamwyveti mesame piris mier xelSekrulebis adap-
taciis miznebisaTvis.811
amrigad, daTqmebi molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis Sesa-
xeb, mizanSewonilia moicavdes Semdeg elementebs: a) im faqtobrivi
garemoebebis farglebs, romlebic aRmoacenebs molaparakebis valde-
bulebas; b) mxareTa molaparakebis warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi, da-
moukidebeli mesame piris, davis ganmxilveli organos uflebamosi-
lebas xelSekrulebis adaptaciaze; g) xelSekrulebis Secvlili ga-
remoebebisadmi misadagebis procesSi mxareTa interesebis realizebi-
saTvis aucilebel saxelmZRvanelo kriteriumebs.812
molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis amsaxveli daTqmebis
ganmtkiceba xelSekrulebaSi mniSvnelovnad azRvevs xelSekrulebis
momavals da icavs mxareebs davis gadawyvetis ZviradRirebuli da
xangrZlivi formaluri procesebisagan.813
3.7. molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis amsaxveli daTqmebis

gansxvaveba forsmaJoruli daTqmebisgan da pasuxismgeblobis
gamoricxvis sakanonmdeblo safuZvlebisgan
molaparakebis valdebulebis ganmsazRvreli daTqmebi miznobri-

obiT gansxvavdeba forsmaJoruli daTqmebisagan, romlebic Sesrule-
bis SeuZleblobis gamomwvevi garemoebebis aRmocenebisas amoqmeddeba
da emsaxureba forsmaJoruli garemoebis moqmedebis periodSi saxel-
Sekrulebo valdebulebisagan mxaris droebiT an mudmiv ganTavisuf-
lebas814 da ara xelSekrulebis SenarCunebas, interesTa balansis, sa-
810
Salacuse J. W., Direct Foreign Investment and the Law in Developing Countries, Foreigh. Invest. L. J.
ICSID Rev., Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2000, 382, 387,
<http://icsidreview.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/2/382.full.pdf>, [24.06.2014].
811 Gotanda J.Y., Renegotiation and Adaptation Clauses in Investment Contracts, Revisited, Villanova
University School of Law, Vand. J. Transnat'l L., Vol. 36, 2003, 1471,
<http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=gotanda>, [24.06.2014].
813 iqve, 76.
814
Espenschied L. E., Contract Drafting, Powerful Prose in Transactional Practice, American Bar Association
Publishing, 2010, 60.
168
xelSekrulebo wonasworobis aRdgenis gziT.815 orive tipis daTqmis
mizani valdebulebiTsamarTlebrivi urTierTobis mdgradobis Senar-
Cunebaa iseTi forsmaJoruli garemoebebis pirobebSic ki, rogoricaa
inflacia, valutis kursis meryeoba, sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi,816
saomari mdgomareoba817 da Semdgomi ekonomikuri krizisi.818
forsmaJoruli daTqmiT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTlebrivi dac-
vis meqanizmebia valdebulebis SeCereba819 da Sesrulebis vadis gada-
vadeba forsmaJoruli garemoebis moqmedebis xangrZlivobiT820 an xel-
Sekrulebis Sewyveta821, gamomdinare iqedan forsmaJoriT gamowveulia
Sesrulebis droebiTi Tu mudmivi SeuZlebloba.822 aRniSnuli daTqma
xSirad Seicavs molaparakebis savaldebuloobis pirobas forsmaJo-
ris uaryofiTi Sedegebis aRmofxvris an maTi samarTliani gadanawi-
815
Berger K.P., Renegotiation and Adaptation of International Investment Contracts: The Role of Contract
4/download.aspx?id=1888>, [24.06.2014]; Al-Emadi T.A., The Renegotiating Clause in Petroleum
International Joint Venture Agreements, University of Qatar, Oxford Student Legal Studies Paper No.
04/2012, 2012, 26, <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2073340>, [24.06.2014]; Strohbach
H., Force Majeure and Hardship Clauses in International Commercial Contracts and Arbitration: The East
German Approach’, 1 JIA, Vol. 39, 1984, 41.
816 Fucci F.R., Hardship and Changed Circumstances as Grounds for Adjustment or Non-Performance of
Contracts, Practical Considerations in International Infrastructure Investment and Finance, American Bar
Association Section of International Law, Spring Meeting, April 2006, 11,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/fucci.html>.
817 qarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikis mier saomari mdgomareoba ganmartebulia
forsmaJorul garemoebad. ix.: saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqala-
qo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2011 wlis 18 aprilis gadawyvetileba
saqmeze: № as-218-204-2011; 2011 wlis 29 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № ას-837-888-
2011; 2011 wlis 1 agvistos gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № ას-931-969-2011; 2013 wlis 1 iv-
lisis gadawyvetleba saqmeze: № ას-160-153-2013; 2013 wlis 7 martis gadawyvetileba
saqmeze: as-1162-1091-2012; 2014 wlis 4 aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-523-497-
2013; 2014 wlis 5 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-302-284-2014.
saqmeTa palatis 2011 wlis 23 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № ას-388-368-2011.

819 magaliTad, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da
gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2014 wlis 3 Tebervlis gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze: №ას-
834-792-2013 aRniSnulia, rom xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis Sesrulebis
vada gadaiwevs im vadiT, ra vadiTac iarsebebs forsmaJoruli garemoeba.
saqmeTa palatis 2012 wlis 27 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: #ას-1300-1320-2011.

821
Drafters and Arbitrators., Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 36, 2003, 1352,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/vantl36&div=55&g_sent=1&collection=journals#138
0>, [07.04.2015].
822 Böckstiegel K., Hardship, Force Majeure and Special Risks Clauses in International Contracts, წიგნში:
Horn N. (Ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and Finance, Kluwer:
Deventer, 1985, 159.
169
lebis uzrunvelsayofad.823 saxelSekrulebo daTqmiT gaTvaliswinebu-
li garemoebebis aRmocenebisas gamosayenebeli procedura gulisxmobs
dauyovneblivi Setyobinebis ganxorcielebas,824 aseve, molaparakebis
warmoebis valdebulebas, TviT ukiduresad kompleqsuri proceduris -
mesame pirisadmi mimarTvis pirobis CaTvliT.825
Sesabamisad, molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis ganmamtki-
cebeli da forsmaJoruli daTqmebi xSirad Sinaarsobrivad urTierT-
momcvelia.
erTiani forsmaJoruli daTqmis meqanizmiT SesaZlebelia xel-
Sekrulebis formirebis etapzeve mowesrigdes Secvlil garemoebeb-
Tan dakavSirebuli rogorc Sesrulebis garTulebis, ise SeuZleb-
lobis SemTxvevebSi mxareTa pasuxismgeblobis farglebi. aRniSnulis
dadasturebaa erT-erTi qarTuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gan-
martebuli xelSekruleba, romelic mxaris pasuxismgeblobisgan gan-
Tavisuflebis safuZvlad adgenda forsmaJoruli garemoebiT gamow-
veul valdebulebis Sesrulebis Seferxebas an srul Seusruleb-
lobas. 826
xSirad mxareebi pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis ganmsaz-
Rvreli daTqmis amoqmedebis winapirobad adgenen uflebamosili sa-
xelmwifo organos, savaWro Tu notariusTa palatis mier forsmaJo-
ruli movlenis arsebobis dadasturebas.827 magaliTad, saqarTvelo-
sa da ruseTs Soris arsebuli daZabuli viTarebis gamo, sainvesti-
823
Drafters and Arbitrators., Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 36, 2003, 1352,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/vantl36&div=55&g_sent=1&collection=journals#
1380>, [07.04.2015].
824 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa
palatis 2013 wlis 30 dekembris gadawyvetilebiT saqmeze: saqme №as-888-834-2012

ganisazRvra rom xarjTaRricxvis mniSvnelovani gadaWarbebis SemTxvevaSi menardes
aqvs Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis moTxovnis ufleba, Tumca
Tu is gaagrZelebs Sesrulebas da ar ganaxorcielebs am uflebas kontrahentisaTvis
SetyobinebiT, maSin is kargavs aRniSnul uflebas. Sesabamisad, Setyobineba xelSekru-
lebis adaptaciis winapirobaa.
825 Fontaine M., Les Clauses de Hardship, aménagement conventionnel de l’imprévision dans les contrats
internationaux à long terme, DCPI 51, 1976, 59, miTiTebulia: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change
Circumstances on the Binding Force of the Contracts, Comparative Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 226.
826 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqme-
Ta palatis 2009 wlis 23 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-30-367-09.

827 UNCITRAL – Legal Guide on Drawing Up International Contracts for the Construction of Industrial
Works, Prepared by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, United Nations, New
York, A/CN.9/SER.B/2, 1988, 240,
<http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/procurem/construction/Legal_Guide_e.pdf>.
170
cio xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis faqti saqarTvelos savaWro palatam828
konkretuli mxareebisaTvis forsmaJorul garemoebad cno.
sainteresoa, saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo palata miiCneva
Tu ara forsmaJoruli garemoebis damdgen eqskluziur organod, Tu
dauZleveli Zala ar SeiZleba warmoadgendes martooden savaWro-
samrewvelo palatis Sefasebis sagans da igi SesaZlebelia Sefa-
sebul iqnes xelSekrulebis monawile mxareTa an sxva damoukide-
beli dawesebulebis mier.829 aRniSnuli sakiTxi SesaZlebelia mxareTa
saxelSekrulebo daTqmiT daregulirdes da mxareebma Tavad gansaz-
Rvron forsmaJoruli garemoebis Sefasebaze uflebamosili subieqti.
erT-erT sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia: savaWro-samrew-
velo palata amowmebs forsmaJoris arsebobas, anu im garemoebas, ro-
melic SesaZlebelia CaiTvalos dauZlevelZalad, xolo pirTa pasu-
xismgeblobis sakiTxis gadawyveta mis kompetenciaSi ar Sedis.830
posneris Tanaxmad, forsmaJoruli daTqmebi ar azRveven mxares
im riskisagan, romelic, Cveulebriv, yvela xelSekrulebisTvis buneb-
rivad Tanamdevia. normaluri riskia, magaliTad, saxelSekrulebo fa-
sebis sabazro cvla. forsmaJoruli daTqma riskis im Sedegebisgan
aTavisuflebs mxares, romelic xelSekrulebis arsebiT, centralur
pirobas aqarwylebs.831
saxelSekrulebo daTqmebiT, romelic TiTqmis yvela grZelvadi-
an xelSekrulebebSia ganmtkicebuli,832 mxareebi gansazRvraven im ga-
remoebebs, romelTa aRmocenebis pirobebSic warmoiSoba urTierTmo-
laparakebis valdebuleba, xelSekrulebis adaptaciis mizniT, am ga-
remoebebis zegavlenis aRweras valdebulebis Sesrulebis sirTulis
xarisxze da molaparakebis warmoebis proceduras. amasTan, saxelSek-
rulebo daTqmebis moqmedeba vrceldeba mxolod im garemoebebze, ro-
melTa aRmocenebac mxareTa SeTanxmebiT aris moculi, yvela sxva
garTulebis SemTxvevaSi gamosayenebelia samarTlebrivi sistemebSi
moqmedi sakanonmdeblo normebi pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufle-
bis Sesaxeb.833
828 ,,saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo palatis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos 2001 wlis 26

oqtombris №1131 kanonis me-4 muxlis me-3 punqtis ,,d” qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, fizikuri
an iuridiuli piris mier nebayoflobiT wardgenili ganacxadis safuZvelze,
saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo palata axorcielebs forsmaJorisa da sagareo
ekonomikur saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli sxva garemoebebis damowmebas.
829 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqme-
Ta palatis 2014 wlis 2 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: № as-1118-1065-2013.

830 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmTa

831 Speidel R.E., Contracts in Crises, Excuse Doctrine and Retrospective Government Acts, Carolina
Academic press, Durham, North Carolina, 2007, 199.

833 iqve.
171
saxelSekrulebo daTqmebi gansxvavdeba kanonmdeblobiT gansa-
zRvruli pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxveli safuZvlebisagan, romel-
Tac umTavresi mniSvneloba eniWebaT grZelvadian saxelSekrulebo
urTierTobebSi, rameTu SeuZlebelia yvela mosalodneli garemoebis
winaswar gansazRvra da saxelSekrulebo daTqmiT maTi Sedegebis
gaTvaliswineba.834 pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis kanoniT gaT-
valiswinebuli wesi moqmedebs maSinac, rodesac saxelSekrulebo
daTqmebi ar aris mxareTa mier winaswar SeTanxmebuli.835
3.8. molaparakebis valdebulebis darRvevis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi
xelSekrulebis gadaxedvis mizniT mxareTa urTierTmolapara-

kebis valdebulebis Sesruleba SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnes mxaris
mier Secvlili garemoebebis SemTxvevisaTvis kanonmdeblobiT gaTva-
liswinebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis moTxovnis winapi-
robad da Secvlili garemoebis Tanamdev procesad.836
saxelSekrulebo molaparakebaSi keTilsindisieri monawileoba
mxaris mier kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTlebrivi dac-
vis saSualebebiT sargeblobis winapirobaa.837 DCFR-is Tanaxmad,838
mxare valdebulebis Sesrulebis, sanacvlo Sesrulebis moTxovnis
uflebis ganxorcielebis, valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis gaTvalis-
winebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis, aseve, xelSekrulebi-
dan gasvlis uflebis ganxorcielebis procesSi valdebulia imoqme-
dos keTilsindisierebisa da samarTlianobis principebis Sesabamisad.
aRniSnuli valdebuleba ar SeiZleba SeizRudos an gamoiricxos Se-
TanxmebiT, an sxva samarTlebrivi aqtiT. xsenebuli movaleobis Seus-
rulebloba waarTmevs mxares misi moTxovnebisa da samarTlebrivi
dacvis saSualebebis ganxorcielebis uflebas.
Tu mxare keTilsindisierebis principis uxeSi darRveviT, goniv-
ruli biznesis interesebisa da sxva pativsadebi mizezis gareSe uars
834
Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 224; Karampatzos A., Supervening Hardship as Subdivision of the General
Frustration Rule: A Comparative Analysis with Reference to Anglo-American, German, French and Greek
Law, Eur. Rev. Private L., Kluwer Law International, The Netherlands, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2005, 112,

Sellier, Eoropean Law Publishers GmbH, Munich, 2009, 741,
838 ix. III.–1:103-e muxli.
172
ganacxadebs an Sewyvets molaparakebis warmoebas maSin, rodesac ne-
bismieri gonieri adamiani did Zalisxmevas gaiRebda analogiur viTa-
rebaSi,839 dazaralebuli mxare uflebamosilia moiTxovos im zianis
anazRaureba, romelic man ganicada xelSemkvreli mxaris molaparake-
baSi CarTvis imediTa da SeTanxmebis miRwevis molodiniT gamowveuli
dayovnebiT.840
evropuli principebis 6:111-e (3) muxlis ZaliT, sasamarTlo uf-
lebamosilia zianis anazRaureba daakisros im mxares, romelmac uari
ganacxada molaparakebis warmoebaze an CaSala igi keTilsindisiere-
bis principis sawinaaRmdegod.841 aRniSnuli valdebulebis Seusru-
leblobisaTvis zianis anazRaurebis ganmtkiceba ssk-iT mxareTa mier
molaparakebis keTilsindisierad warmoebis garantias Seqmnis.
saxelSekrulebo molaparakebis warumatebloba ar iwvevs xel-
Sekrulebis avtomatur Sewyvetas.842 Tu mxareTa Soris xelSekrule-
bis adaptaciis mizniT warmoebuli molaparakeba uSedegod dasrul-
da, maSin sanqciis saxiT, SesaZlebelia, moxdes mimarTva obieqturi
mesame pirisaTvis (sasamarTlo, arbitraJi da a.S.) xelSekrulebis
Secvlil garemoebebTan misadagebis moTxovniT. SesaZlebelia, mxare-
ebma xelSekrulebiT moawesrigon sasamarTlos an saarbitraJo tri-
bunalis uflebamosilebis farglebi xelSekrulebis misadagebis
mimarT.843
Tu molaparakeba ver sruldeba xelSekrulebis adaptaciiT, ma-
Sin aRniSnuls axorcielebs sasamarTlo.844 sasamarTlos mier Sec-
vlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis sakiTxi momdev-
no TavSi iqneba ganxiluli.
4/download.aspx?id=1888>, [24.06.2014].
841 ix. Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, part I and II, Kluwer Law International,
The Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 326; Tallon D., wignSi: Hartkamp A.S., Hesselink M., Hondius E.H., du
Perron E., Joustra C., Veldman M.(eds.), Towards a European Civil Code, 3rd ed., Kluwer Law International,
2004, 501; Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and
39.
842 BGH LM §242 (Bb) BGB Nr. 57; BGH WM 1958, 700.
843 Faruque A., Possible Role of the Arbitration in the Adaptation of Petroleum Contracts by Third Parties,
Asian Int'l Arb. J., Vol. 2, 2006, 152,

<www.heinonline.org/HOL/LuceneSearch?specialcollection=&terms=creator%3A%22%20Al%20Faruque,%
20Abdullah%22&yearlo=&yearhi=&subject=ANY&journal=ALL&sortby=relevance&collection=journals&s
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65.
173
4. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba
sasamarTlos mier
Tu mxareebi ver aRweven SeTanxmebas saxelSekrulebo molapa-

rakebis procesSi, maSin sasamarTlos mier unda gadawydes xelSek-
ruleba unda Sesruldes ucvleli SinaarsiT, moxdes misi adapta-
cia Tu saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobisgan sruli ganTavisufle-
ba.
xelSekrulebis adaptaciam unda asaxos mxareTa is SeTanxme-
buli neba, romelic maT eqnebodaT Secvlili garemoebebis xelSek-
rulebis dadebis etapze codnis SemTxvevaSi.845
molaparakebis proceduris gziT xelSekrulebis misadagebis
Sesaxeb mxareTa SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo oTx Se-
saZlo gadawyvetilebas iRebs: 1. akisrebs mxareebs molaparakebis
gagrZelebis valdebulebas Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekru-
lebis misadagebis mizniT846 2. wyvets xelSekrulebas gansazRvrul
drosa da gansazRvruli pirobebiT; 3. axorcielebs Secvlili gare-
moebebisadmi SeTanxmebis misadagebas saxelSekrulebo zianisa da
sargeblis mxareebze samarTliani gadanawilebis gziT,847 sawyisi sa-
xelSekrulebo wonasworobis aRdgenis mizniT;848 4. ucvlelad to-
vebs saxelSekrulebo pirobebs Tavdapirvelad SeTanxmebuli Sina-
arsiT.
4.1. saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofis mizani
saxelSekrulebo samarTali dinamikuri da axali movlenebis

Sesabamisad cvalebadia. me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi farTod gavrcele-
buli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, mxareTa nebis avtonomias eniWeboda abso-
luturi Tavisufleba, romelic ar SeiZleboda SezRuduliyo saxel-
mwifos ZalauflebiT. mogvianebiT aRiarebul iqna, rom saxelmwifo
uflebamosilia Caerios saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi Secvlili
garemoebebisadmi misi adaptaciis gziT mxareTa Tanasworuflebiano-
bis, sazogadoebis sasicocxlo interesebisa da xelSekrulebis sa-
marTliani Sedegebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.849
845 Hillman R.A., Court Adjustment of Long-Term Contracts: An Analysis under Modern Contract Law, Duke
L. J., 1987, 17.
846 SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlosadmi saerTo wesebis dacviT mimar-
Tvis uflebis SenarCunebiT.
847 ix. evropuli principebis 6:111-e me-3 ,,b~ muxli.
13.
849 Syquia E. P., The Revision and Adaptation of Contracts in Philippine Law – With a Comparative Look at
the Law of other Asian Countries, 1985, 96-97, wignSi: Horn N. (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of
174
samarTlebriv sistemebSi Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekru-
lebis misadageba mxareTa samarTlebrivi dacvis erT-erT saSualebad
aris aRiarebuli, risTvisac sasamarTlos miniWebuli aqvs farTo
uflebamosileba kontrahentTa interesebis Sesatyvisi gadawyvetile-
bis miRebis mizniT.
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis Sinaarsis modificirebaSi sasa-
marTlos Careva ganpirobebulia samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofis au-
cileblobiT. mxare ver iqneba im riskisaTvis pasuxismgebeli, romel-
zec Tanxmoba ar ganucxadebia. amitomac, saxelSekrulebo usamar-
Tlobas iwvevs is faqti, rom arc movales daumsaxurebia zarali da
arc kreditors is sargebeli, rac maT warmoeSobaT xelSekrulebis
dadebis Semdeg.850 amdenad, Careva mizanSewonilia uaryofiTi Sedege-
bis mxolod dazaralebul mxareze dakisrebisa da amiT gamowveuli
usamarTlobis prevenciis TvalsazrisiT. radgan Secvlili garemoe-
bebis warmoSobis mimarT ori Tanabrad arabraleuli mxaris arsebo-
bisas uaryofiTi Sedegebis dakisreba mxolod erTi mxarisaTvis uda-
vod iwvevs samarTlianobis principis xelyofas. amasTan, Secvlili
garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba keTilsindisierebis
principze dayrdnobiT da zianis gadanawileba kontrahentebze851 mniS-
vnelovnad icavs im mesame pirTa interesebs, romlebic damokidebul-
ni arian movalis finansur mdgomareobaze.852 amitom, saxelSekrulebo
pirobebis mkacri Sesruleba, SesaZlebelia saziano aRmoCndes ara
mxolod movalisaTvis, aramed mesame pirebis interesebisTvisac da
man, SesaZlebelia, mTeli ekonomikuri sistemis stabilurobis rRveva
gamoiwvios.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba aucile-
beli samarTlebrivi dacvis meqanizmia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Se-
Tanxmeba aRar aris socialuri sargeblisa da efeqtianobis momtani.
mxareebi saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT an, mis gareSe, nagulisxmevad
anawileben riskebsa da gansazRvraven saxelSekrulebo pirobebs.
Publishers, 1985; Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation
and Adaptation in International Commercial Law Contracts, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken,
2010, 11.
850 Speidel R.E., Court-Imposed Price Adjustments under Long-Term Supply Contracts, Nw. U. L. Rev., Vol.
76, 369, 1981-1982, 405-406,

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[25.06.2014].
851 Scott R.E., The Death of Contract Law, U. Toronto L.J., Vol. 54, 2004, 373,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Print?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/utlj54&id=382>, [25.06.2014].
852 Trakman L.E., Winner Take Some: Loss Sharing and Commercial Impracticability, Minn. L. Rev., Vol.
69, 1984, 486, miTiTebulia: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding Force of the
175
4.2. saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebis realizeba da mxareTa
saxelSekrulebo nebis aRsruleba
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis administraciuli tribuna-

lis gadawyvetilebaSi853 miTiTebulia, rom sasamarTlos funqcia
mxareTa nebis Sesabamisad xelSekrulebis ganmartebaa. sasamarTlos
nebismieri Careva saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis SinaarsSi, SesaZle-
belia, zRudavdes saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebas da mxareTa nebis
avtonomiis princips. mniSvnelovania sakiTxi, SesaZlebelia Tu ara
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba ganxorciel-
des erT-erTi mxaris nebis sawinaaRmdegod da ra xarisxiT.854
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis sasamarTlos mier
misadagebis procesSi erTmaneTs upirispirdeba mxareTa nebis avtono-
miis principi da xelSekrulebis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis au-
cilebloba.855
keTilsindisierebis, TanamSromlobisa da moqnilobis princi-
pebi Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis mTavar
safuZvlebad ganixileba. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis
misadageba sasamarTlos mier gulisxmobs ganmartebisa da xarvezis
Sevsebis meTodebis gamoyenebas. sasamarTlos mier xelSekrulebis ga-
daxedva yovelTvis iTvaliswinebs faqtobriv garemoebebTan erTad,
mxareTa miznebis ganmartebis gziT dadgenas, rodesac xelSekruleba-
Si arsebobs xarvezi. amdenad, Secvlili garemoebebis Sesabamisad mo-
dificirebuli xelSekruleba yovelTvis mxareTa Tavdapirveli sa-
xelSekrulebo interesebisa da miznebis amsaxveli unda iyos.856 sasa-
marTlos mizania adaptirebuli xelSekruleba axal pirobebSic ga-
moxatavdes mxareTa nebas. sasamarTlos mier xelSekrulebis misada-
geba, umravles SemTxvevaSi, iwvevs saxelSekrulebo pirobebis gaum-
jobesebas, Tu samarTlianoba saxelmZRvanelo principia gadasinjvis
procesSi.857 Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba
853 ILO Administrative Tribunal Judgement 701, November 1985, B. against PAHO (WHO).
855 Faruque A., Possible Role of the Arbitration in the Adaptation of Petroleum Contracts by Third Parties,
Asian Int'l Arb. J., Vol. 2, 2006, 152,

<www.heinonline.org/HOL/LuceneSearch?specialcollection=&terms=creator%3A%22%20Al%20Faruque,%
20Abdullah%22&yearlo=&yearhi=&subject=ANY&journal=ALL&sortby=relevance&collection=journals&s
earchtype=advanced&submit=Search&base=js&all=true>, [25.06.2014].
857 Kull A., Mistake, Frustration, and the Windfall Principle of Contract Remedies, Hastings L.J., Vol. 43,
1991-1992, 38,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/hastlj43&div=11&g_sent=1&collection=journals>,
[25.06.2014].
176
SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnes, rogorc damatebiTi Sesrulebis nair-
saxeoba, romliTac aRsruldeba mxareTa saxelSekrulebo neba.858
nebismieri komerciuli garigeba xelSekrulebis mxareTa urTi-
erTsanacvlo movaleobebis balanss emyareba.859 Secvlili garemoebe-
bisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebisas keTilsindisierebis principis
TvalTaxedviT unda Sefasdes mxareTa ormxriv valdebulebaTa wonas-
worobis rRvevis xarisxi da misi Sedegebi. vinaidan, keTilsindisie-
rebis principi urTierTobis SefasebisaTvis umTavresi meqanizmia,
amitom, xelSekrulebis adaptacia ar iwvevs xelSekrulebis Tavisuf-
lebis principis SezRudvas, aramed bunebrivi da samarTliani Sedege-
bis uzrunvelyofas isaxavs miznad.860
xelSekruleba ar SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes garemomcveli ga-
remoebebis mxedvelobaSi miuReblad. xelSekrulebis misadageba mniS-
vnelovnad Secvlili garemoebebisadmi ar cvlis mxareTa nebas, ara-
med Secvlili garemoebebis pirobebSi mxareTa Tavdapirveli gan-
zraxvis, namdvili nebis dadgenis saSualeba xdeba. mxareTa neba xel-
Sekrulebis dadebis etapze misi aRsrulebaa da Secvlili garemoebe-
bisadmi misadagebac xelSekrulebis aRsrulebis da Sesabamisad, mxa-
reTa nebis ganxorcielebis winapirobaa.
amrigad, Tanasworuflebianobis principis safuZvelze xelSek-
rulebis ekonomikuri balansis aRdgena xorcieldeba mxareTa Tavda-
pirveli nebis dadgenisa da Secvlili garemoebebis WrilSi maTi ga-
azrebis gziT.861
angloamerikuli samarTlis doqtrinaSi gavrcelebuli erT-
erTi mosazrebis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ar SeiZleba hqondes mxareTa
nacvlad ,,xelSekrulebis xelmeored daweris~862 kompetencia.863 aR-
niSnuli SezRudavda saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebas.864 Tumca sasa-
marTlos mier Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba
ar zRudavs mxareTa nebis avtonomias, vinaidan mxareebs ar SeiZleba
858
Hillman R.A., Court Adjustment of Long-Term Contracts: An Analysis Under Modern Contract Law,
Duke L.J., 1987, 27, miTiTebulia: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding Force
of the Contracts, Comparative Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 242.
859
ICC Arbitration Case No. 2291, 1976 Lunet 989 (1976).
22.
861 Karampatzos A., Supervening Hardship as Subdivision of the General Frustration Rule: A Comparative
Law International, The Netherlands, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2005, 111,
862 Gotanda J.Y., Renegotiation and Adaptation Clauses in Investment Contracts, Revisited, Villanova Uni-
versity School of Law, Vand. J. Transnat'l L., Vol. 36, 2003, 1463,
<http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=gotanda>, [25.06.2014].
863
Hillman R.A., Principles of Contract Law, 2nd ed., The Concise Hornbook Series, West, 2009, 330.
864 iqve, 331.
177
hqondeT gamovlenili neba im movlenebisa da maTi Sedegebis reguli-
rebaze, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac maT gonivrulad ar SeeZloT xel-
Sekrulebis dadebis etapze. Sesabamisad, Secvlili garemoebebis mo-
wesrigeba maTi xelSekrulebis Sinaarsis farglebs scildeba da am-
denad, SesaZlebelia, Tavisuflad miendos sasamarTlos, rogorc
obieqtur mesame pirs.
sasamarTlos mier saxelSekrulebo xarvezis Sevsebis dros ar
ilaxeba mxareTa saxelSekrulebo neba, rameTu xarvezis SemTxvevaSi
ar arsebobs mxareTa SeTanxmeba samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovan calke-
ul garemoebaze. aRniSnuli ki SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnes mxareTa
nagulisxmev Tanxmobad, maT nacvlad sasamarTlos mier Secvlili
garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebaze.865
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis pro-
cesSi sasamarTlosaTvis saxelmZRvaneloa samarTlianobis, gonivru-
lobisa da keTilsindisierebis principebi.866
4.3. sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis farglebi Secvlili

garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis procesSi
samarTlebrivi aqsiomaa, rom sasamarTlos ar SeiZleba hqondes

mxareTa nacvlad arsobrivad axali saxelSekrulebo pirobebis Sed-
genis uflebamosileba.867 Tumca Tu marTlmsajulebis ganmaxorciele-
bel organos ar eqneba SeTanxmebis adaptaciis samarTlebrivi SesaZ-
lebloba, es mxareebs daukargavs motivacias, molaparakebis gziT Ta-
vad SeTanxmdnen, valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTierTobaSi sasamar-
Tlos Carevamde. xelSekrulebis misadagebis uflebamosileba praqti-
kuli biZgia biznesmenebisaTvis _ urTierTmolaparakebis gziT Sea-
Tanxmon grZelvadian saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi aRmocenebuli
dava.868
sasamarTlom SeiZleba iqonios mniSvnelovani berketi waaxali-
sos mxareTa Soris molaparakeba da urTierTSeTanxmebiT xelSekru-
lebis adaptacia. erT-erT saqmeze869 sasamarTlom mxareTa Soris mo-
laparakebis xelSewyobis mizniT, uari Tqva Secvlili garemoebebis
865 Hillman R.A., Court Adjustment of Long-Term Contracts: An Analysis Under Modern Contract Law,
Duke L. J., 1987, 28, miTiTebulia: Uribe M., The Effect of a Change Circumstances on the Binding
Force of the Contracts, Comparative Perspectives, Intersentia, 2011, 242.
866 ix. DCFR-is III – 1:110-e (2) (a), isk-is 1467-e da ask-is 2-615-e muxlebi.
30.
868 mxareTa molaparakebis waxalisebis aRniSnuli meqanizmi ganxilulia saqmeSi: Alu-
minum Co. of American vs. Essex Group, Inc., 449 F. Supp.53 (W.D. Pa.1980).
869 Florida power & Light Company v. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 517 F. Supp. 440, E.D. Va., 1981,
<http://openjurist.org/826/f2d/239/florida-power-light-company-v-westinghouse-electric-corporation>,
[25.06.2014].
178
pirobebSi samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis gansazRvraze im dasa-
buTebiT, rom mxareebs ukeTesad SeswevT samarTliani da ormxrivad
sasargeblo gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari.870
sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, xelSekrulebis Secvlili garemoebe-
bisadmi misadagebis procesSi sasamarTlosaTvis saxelmZRvanelo me-
Todi SesaZlebelia iyos warmoSobili zianis gamomwvevi mizezebis
mikuTvneba mxareTa riskis sferoebisadmi da uaryofiTi Sedegebis Se-
sabamisi proporciiT gadanawileba kontrahentebze.871
erT-erT saxelmZRvanelo principad SesaZlebelia CaiTvalos
zianis Tanabari proporciiT gadanawileba or Tanabrad arabraleul
mxareze mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maTi pasuxismgeblobis diferen-
cireba SeuZlebelia sxvadasxva moculobis riskis sferos mixedviT.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis proces-
Si, rodesac arsebobs Seusabamoba, darRveuli wonasworoba mxareTa
urTierTsanacvlo Sesrulebas Soris, SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes
saxelSekrulebo fasis modificireba pirveladi saxelSekrulebo
valdebulebis samarTlebriv reJimSi, romlis meSveobiTac
xelmisawvdomi xdeba saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis gagrZeleba ga-
naxlebuli pirobebiT da xelSekrulebis Tanxis Semcirebis safuZ-
velze mxareTa araekvivalenturi Sesrulebis dabalanseba.
sasamarTlos eniWeba uflebamosileba gaagrZelos Sesrulebi-
saTvis dadgenili vada, ganaxorcielos saxelSekrulebo fasis an
Sesrulebis moculobis modificireba. xelSekrulebis misadagebis
procesSi mosamarTle moklebulia uflebamosilebas xelmeored Se-
adginos xelSekruleba an Secvalos misi samarTlebrivi buneba da
mizani.872 Tu saxelSekrulebo balansis aRdgena gulisxmobs xelSek-
rulebis arsis Secvlas, maSin sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos xelSek-
rulebis moqmedeba.873
sasamarTlom Secvlili garemoebebiT gamowveuli uaryofiTi
Sedegebi mxareebze im principiT unda gadaanawilos, rom Sesruleba
movalisaTvis gaxdes gonivruli simZimis.874 bunebrivia, xelSekrule-
28-29, aseve, Florida power & Light Company v. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 517 F. Supp. 440,
E.D. Va., 1981,
<http://openjurist.org/826/f2d/239/florida-power-light-company-v-westinghouse-electric-corporation>,
[25.06.2014].
871 Hubbard S.W., Relief from Burdensome Long-Term Contracts: Commercial Impracticability, Frustration
of Purpose, Mutual Mistake of Fact, and Equitable Adjustment. Mo. L. Rev., Vol. 47, 1982, 109,
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Print?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/molr47&id=139>, [25.06.2014].

873 iqve.
874 Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles: Exemption for
Nonperformance in International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International: Alphen aan den Rijn, 2009, 499.
179
bis adaptacia ar gulisxmobs saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis abso-
lutur aRdgenas da sasamarTlos mier dazaralebuli mxaris sru-
lad ganTavisuflebas Secvlili garemoebebiT gamowveuli xarjebis-
gan.875
sasamarTlom, SesaZlebelia, gaagrZelos Sesrulebis vada, ga-
zardos an Seamciros saxelSekrulebo fasi, an gansaxorcielebeli
urTierTsanacvlo Sesrulebis moculoba. saxelSekrulebo valdebu-
lebis modificireba, ra Tqma unda, ar gulisxmobs sruliad axali
Sinaarsisa da gansxvavebuli arsis mqone valdebulebis dakisrebas
mxareebisaTvis.876 xelSekrulebaSi arsebuli orazrovneba ar aniWebs
sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas gardaqmnas saqmis Sinaarsi samarTli-
anobis Ziebis procesSi.877
4.4. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi misadagebis SeuZlebloba

da xelSekrulebis Sewyveta sasamarTlos mier
Secvlili garemoebebiT garTulebuli valdebulebis arsebobis

safuZvliT, xelSekrulebis Sewyveta sasamarTlos mier ukidures Sem-
TxvevaSi gamosayenebeli878, umkacresi samarTlebrivi meqanizmia879 kon-
tinenturi da, gansakuTrebiT, unificirebuli samarTlis sistemaSi.
angloamerikul samarTalSi xelSekrulebis amaoeba mis avtomatur
Sewyvetasa da mxareTa Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebas
iwvevs TiToeuli mxarisaTvis Seracxuli pasuxismgeblobiT. amasTan,
xelSekrulebis Sewyveta ar SeiZleba iyos mxareTa interesebis sauke-
Teso dacvis saSualeba maSin, rodesac xelSekrulebis SenarCuneba
emsaxureba mesame pirTa an sajaro interesebs.880
valdebulebis Sesrulebisas qarTuli samoqalaqo kodeqsi iZ-
leva interesTa mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis SesaZleblobas. pativsade-
bi interesi xdeba valdebulebiTi urTierTobis rogorc transforma-
ciis, ise misi Sewyvetis safuZveli. Tavad interesis mdgomareobas ki
gansazRvravs rogorc Sesrulebis procesi, ise mis gareT arsebuli
875 ix. unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 6.2.1-e, evropuli principebis 6:111-e (1)
da DCFR-is III – 1:110-e muxlebi.
876 Flambouras D., Comparative Remarks on CISG Article 79 & PECL Articles 6:111, 8:108, Pace Law
School Institute of International Commercial Law, May, 2002,

<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/text/peclcomp79.html>, [25.06.2014].
Massachusetts and London, England, 2006, 347.

879 Horn N., Standard Clauses on Contract Adaptation in International Commerce, 1985, 137, miTiTebu-
lia wignSi: Horn N.(ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and Finance,
180
garemoebani.881 xelSekrulebis Sewyveta, SesaZlebelia, ganxorciel-
des mxolod maSin, Tu igi xelSekrulebis adaptaciasTan SedarebiT
ukeTesad uzrunvelyofs mxareTa ormxriv interesebs da amasTan, am
SewyvetiT ziani ar adgeba sajaro an mesame pirebis interesebs.
sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs Sewyvitos xelSekruleba im saerTo
wesebisagan gansxvavebuli pirobebiT, romelic imoqmedebda zogadad
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis dros. sasamarTlos mier xelSekrulebis
Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi igi gansazRvravs xelSekrulebis SewyvetisTvis
gonivrul vadas, raTa ar moxdes dazaralebuli mxarisaTvis zianis
miyeneba.882 Tu verc Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misa-
dageba da verc xelSekrulebis Sewyveta uzrunvelyofs mxareTa sau-
keTeso interesebis gonivrul dabalansebas, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZ-
lia kidev erTxel mouwodos mxareebs molaparakebisaken an ZalaSi
datovos xelSekruleba ucvlelad, Tavdapirvelad SeTanxmebuli pi-
robebiT.
umTavresia, rom Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis mi-
sadageba, iseve rogorc valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis an Se-
uZleblobis safuZvliT saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTa-
visufleba, ar iwvevs saxelSekrulebo Tavisuflebis principis xel-
yofas.883


181
VII. meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis sistema rogorc darRveuli
uflebis samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis erToblioba
samarTlebrivi uflebis arsis gaanalizeba SeuZlebelia misi

darRvevisas gamosayenebeli Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi dacvis saSua-
lebebis Seswavlis gareSe.884 Secvlili garemoebebis gavleniT xel-
SekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirveladi saxelSekrulebo valdebu-
lebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, meoradi moTxovnis885 uflebebis
gamoyenebis sakiTxi ganixileba.886 meoradi moTxovnis uflebebi iuri-
diul literaturaSi ganmartebulia, rogorc Seusruleblobis Sede-
gebi,887 samarTlebrivi dacvis meqanizmebi,888 romelTa meSveobiT uz-
runvelyofilia valdebulebis darRvevis uaryofiTi Sedegebis gada-
nawileba braleul an riskis matarebel, pasuxismgebel mxareze.889
momdevno TavebSi warmodgenili iqneba meoradi moTxovnis uf-
lebaTa samarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba da urTierTdamokidebuleba Sec-
vlil garemoebaTa pirobebSi maTi gamoyenebis safuZvlebis gaanali-
zebis mizniT.
884 Posner E.A., Sykes A.O., Efficient Breach of International Law: Optimal Remedies, “Legalized
Noncompliance” and Related Issues, Mich. L. Rev., Vol. 110, No. 2, 2011, 245,
<http://www.michiganlawreview.org/assets/pdfs/110/2/Posner.pdf>, [20/07/2014].
885 iuridiul literaturaSi meoradi moTxovnebi moxseniebulia aseve, ,,damatebiTi
moTxovnebis~ saxelwodebiT (ix. henSeli s., samoqalaqo kazusebis damuSavebis meTo-
dika, gamomc. ,,siesta~, Tb., 2009, 86), Tumca termini ,,meoradi moTxovnebi~ ukeT gamo-
xatavs pirveladi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis darRvevis safuZvelze aRmocene-
buli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis arss. damatebiTi moTxovnebi SesaZlebelia aseve
pirvelad, ZiriTad saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebsac ukavSirdebodes. am Tval-
sazrisiT, mizanSewonilia termin ,,meoradi moTxovnebis~ gamoyeneba, miT ufro rom
ucxouri samarTlebrivi sistemebi swored am saxelwodebiT icnobs aRniSnul sa-
marTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebs. damatebiTi valdebulebebis Sesaxeb ix. Wanturia
l., Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawi-
li, Tb., 2001, 34.
886 biolingi h., lutringhausi p., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis calkeuli
moTxovnis safuZvlebis sistemuri analizi, bremeni-Tbilisi, 2004-2009, 30; henSeli
s., samoqalaqo kazusebis damuSavebis meTodika, gamomc. ,,siesta~, Tb., 2009, 86.
887 Lando O., wignSi: Hartkamp A.S., Hesselink M., Hondius E.H., du Perron E., Joustra C., Veldman
888 Zharsky A.V., Correlation of the Legal Defence Remedies for the Breach of International Sales Contract,
Law and Democracy: Collected Scientific Articles, Vol. 10, 1999, 81-83, miTiTebulia: Seliazniova T.,
Prospective Non-Performance or Anticipatory Breach of Contract, Comparison of the Belarusian Approach to
CISG Application and Foreign Legal Experience, J.L.& C., Vol. 24, 2004, 113.
889 Lando O., wignSi: Hartkamp A.S., Hesselink M., Hondius E.H., du Perron E., Joustra C., Veldman
182
1. saxelSekrulebo fasis Semcireba
1.1. fasis Semcirebis samarTlebrivi arsi da mizani
Sesrulebis damabrkolebeli garemoebis moqmedeba Se-

saZlebelia mxolod valdebulebis garkveul nawilze gavrceldes
da mxarem mxolod nawilobrivi Sesruleba uzrunvelyos, an mis mier
ganxorcielebuli Sesruleba ar aRmoCndes SeTanxmebuli xarisxis.890
aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi, kreditori uflebamosilia waradginos fasis
Semcirebis, rogorc erT-erTi damoukidebeli saxis, meoradi moTxov-
na faqtobrivad ganxorcielebuli Sesrulebis Sesabamisad da ganu-
xorcielebeli Sesrulebis proporciiT.
aRniSnuli meoradi moTxovnis ufleba romauli samarTlis
institutidan _ actio quanti minoris _ iRebs saTaves, romelic myidvels
xelSekrulebis SenarCunebis mizniT sarCelis wardgenisa da
saxelSekrulebo fasis modificirebis moTxovnis uflebas
aniWebda.891
Fcalkeul samarTlebriv sistemaSi fasis Semcirebis meoradi
moTxovnis uflebiT gansaxorcielebeli mizani xelSekrulebidan na-
wilobrivi gasvlis institutiT miiRweva.892 fasis Semcireba iuridi-
ul doqtrinaSi zianis anazRaurebis meoradi moTxovnis uflebis na-
irsaxeobad aris aRiarebuli, magram zianis anazRaurebisgan gansxva-
vebiT, misi gamoyeneba ar aris damokidebuli movalis braleuloba-
ze.893 myidvelisaTvis aRniSnuli moTxovna xelmisawvdomia gamyidve-
lis braleulobis mtkicebis gareSe.894 kreditors mxolod naklis
arsebobis dadasturebis valdebuleba ekisreba.895 vinaidan fasis
890 fasis Semcirebis moTxovnis uflebis gamoyeneba mniSvnelovani SesaZlebelia

gaxdes magaliTad, rodesac embargos daweseba garkveul produqciaze, xelSekru-
lebis sagnis mxolod nawilze vrceldeba.
891 Bergsten E. E., Miller A. J., The Remedy of Reduction of Price, Am. J. Comp. L., Vol. 27, 255, 255-57,
<http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/bergsten.html>, [17.05.2014],
miTiTebulia: Sondahl E., Understanding the Remedy of Price Reduction – A Means
to Fostering a More Uniform Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International
Sale of Goods, VJ Int'l Comm. Arb., Vol. 7, 2003, 255-276.
2012, 664.
893 magaliTad, fasis Semcireba SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes nakliani Sesrule-
bisa da nawilobrivi Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic movalisgan damoukidebeli
mizeziT ganxorcielda da ara misi braleuli moqmedebiT.
894 Honnold J.O., Uniform Law for International Sales Under the 1980 United Nations Convention, 2 nd ed.,
Deventer: Kluwer, 1991, 313, miTiTebulia: Piliounis P.A., The Remedies of Specific Performance, Price
Reduction and Additional Time (Nachfrist) under the CISG: Are These Worthwhile Changes or Additions to
English Sales Law? Cambridge University, 1999, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 12, 2000, 1-46,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/piliounis.html#N_108_>, [17.05.2014].
saqmeTa palatis 2011 wlis 30 maisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-331-315-2011,
183
Semcirebis meoradi moTxovnis ufleba romauli samarTlidan iRebs
saTaves,896 is ZiriTadad, romauli kodifikaciis mqone qveynebisTvis
aris damaxasiaTebeli.897 aRniSnuli moTxovnis ufleba aRiarebuli
da gavrcelebulia evropul kerZo samarTalSi,898 gansxvavebiT saer-
To samarTlis sistemebis midgomisa, romelic ar cnobs fasis Semci-
rebas, rogorc meoradi moTxovnis uflebas.899 evropuli principebi-
sagan gansxvavebiT fasis Semcireba, rogorc meoradi moTxovnis uf-
leba, ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli unidruas saxelSekrulebo princi-
pebiT.900
Kvenis konvenciis 50-e (1) muxlis Tanaxmad, myidvels SeuZlia
moiTxovos fasis modificireba im odenobiT, ra farglebSic Semcir-
da nivTis Rirebuleba arsebuli nakli gamo.901 fasis Semcirebis
moTxovna konvenciis Tanaxmad, xelmisawvdomia mxolod nakliani Ses-
rulebis SemTxvevaSi da ar gamoiyeneba sxva tipis valdebulebis
darRvevis dros.902 myidvels eniWeba ufleba xelSekrulebis Seusaba-
<http://www.supremecourt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/05-2011.pdf>, [21.05.2014].
896 romaul samarTalSi fasis Semcirebis moTxovna cnobili iyo “actio quanti minoris”
terminiT. ix. Zimmermann R., The Law of Obligations: Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition,
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996, 318; Treitel G.H.,The Law of Contract, 9th ed., London: Sweet & Maxwell,
1995, 107; Bergsten E.E., Miller A.J.,The Remedy of Reduction of Price, 1979, 27 Am. J. of Comp. L., 255-
277, reprinted in CISG W3 database, Pace University School of Law, 15 January, 1998; Will M. in Bianca
M.C., Bonell M.J., Commentary on the International Sales Law, Milan: Giuffré, 1987, 368, miTiTebulia:
Piliounis P.A., The Remedies of Specific Performance, Price Reduction and Additional Time (Nachfrist)
under the CISG: Are these Worthwhile Changes or Additions to English Sales Law? Cambridge University,
1999, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 12, 2000, 1-46,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/piliounis.html#N_108_>, [20.06.2014].
897 Bergsten E.E., Miller A.J., The Remedy of Reduction of Price, Am. J. of Comp. L., 1979, 255-277,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/bergsten.html>, [20.06.2014].
European Contract Law, Acquis Communautaire and Common und Frame of Reference, in Schulze R. (ed.),
New Features in Contract Law, Sellier, European Law Publishers, München, 2007, 191. ix. aseve,
evropuli principebis 9:401-e muxli.
New Features in Contract Law, Sellier, European Law Publishers, München, 2007, 191.
900 Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts, International Institute for the Unification of
Private Law, Rome, 2004, 220-251; Piliounis P.A., The Remedies of Specific Performance, Price Reduction
and Additional Time (Nachfrist) under the CISG: Are these Worthwhile Changes or Additions to English
Sales Law? Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 12, 2000, 1-46,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/piliounis.html>, [20.06.2014].
902 Bianca C.M., Bonell M.J., Commentary on the International Sales Law – The 1980 Vienna Sales
Convention, Milan, 1987, miTiTebulia: Lorenz A., Fundamental Breach under the CISG, 1998, 3,
<http://www.jus.uio.no/pace/fundamental_breach_under_the_cisg.alexander_lorenz/portrait.pdf>,
[20.06.2014].
184
mo Sesrulebis pirobebSi moaxdinos mxareTa sapasuxo Sesrulebis
gaTanabreba nakliani miwodebisas nivTis fasis Semcirebis gziT.903
1.2. fasis Semcirebis moTxovnis uflebis

ganxorcielebis winapirobebi
ssk valdebulebiTi samarTlis zogad nawilSi ar iTvaliswi-

nebs fasis Semcirebis moTxovnas, is nasyidobis xelSekrulebis Sesa-
bamis TavSia ganmtkicebuli nakliani Sesrulebis dros xelSekrule-
bidan gasvlis alternatiuli meoradi moTxovnis uflebis saxiT.904
fasis Semcirebis moTxovna ar SeiZleba mxolod nasyidobis
xelSekrulebas miemarTebodes. aq kidev erTxel vlindeba ssk-is mier
meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis arasistemuri mowesrigebis xarvezi:
fasis Semcirebis moTxovna yvela darCenili meoradi moTxovnis uf-
lebebis msgavsad, reglamentirebuli unda iyos zogadi nawiliT da
Sesabamisad _ kerZo nawiliT mowesrigebuli institutebis mimarT
gamoyenebadi.
mniSvnelovania fasis Semcirebis moTxovnis gamoyenebis winapi-
robebi. upirveles yovlisa, rogorc aRiniSna, fundamenturi darRveva
fasis Semcirebis moTxovnis amoqmedebis winapirobad ar ganixile-
ba.905 ssk-is 492-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu myidveli ar iTxovs nivTis
naklis gamosworebas an axliT mis Secvlas, gamyidvelisaTvis saami-
sod micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdeg da arc xelSekrulebis moSlas,
mas SeuZlia moiTxovos fasis Semcireba im odenobiT, rac saWiroa
naklis gamosasworeblad. mxedvelobaSi miiReba xelSekrulebis dade-
bis momentisaTvis arsebuli fasi. aRniSnuli muxlis analizidan ga-
momdinare, xelSekrulebidan gasvlisa da fasis Semcirebis moTxovne-
bi Tanabrad xelmisawvdomia mxarisaTvis yovelgvari Tanmimdevrobis
gareSe.
fundamenturi darRveva fasis Semcirebis winapirobad ar aris
dadgenili da es meqanizmi SesaZlebelia amoqmedebul iqnes xelSek-
rulebiT SeTanxmebul xarisxTan Seusabamo saqonlis miwodebis Sem-
TxvevaSi.906 fasis Semcirebis moTxovna myidvelisTvis xelmisawvdomia
imisda miuxedavad, fasi gadaxdilia mTlianad, nawilobriv Tu saer-

`qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema, Tb., 2004, 67.
904 ix. ssk-is 492-e muxli.
905 Lorenz A., Fundamental Breach under the CISG, 1998, 3,
[27.06.2014].
906 iqve.
185
Tod ar aris gadaxdili.907 nivTis naklis gamosworeba an misi axliT
Secvla ganxilul unda iqnes damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovnad,908
romelic prioritetuli, upiratesad gamosayenebelia sxva danarCen
meoradi moTxovnis uflebebs Soris.909 kerZod, sanam mxare xelSekru-
lebidan gasvlis moTxovnis uflebas aamoqmedebdes, is valdebulia
mimarTos damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovnis uflebas910 im pirobiT,
Tu saxeze ar aris damatebiTi Sesrulebis gamomricxavi safuZvle-
bi.911 aRniSnuli motivirebulia kontinenturi samarTlis sistemis
konceftualuri midgomiT, romelic orientirebulia xelSekrulebis
Sesrulebaze,912 mowodebulia gadaarCinos SeTanxmeba da uzrunvel-
yos mxareTa legitimuri saxelSekrulebo interesis ganxorcieleba
TviT meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis samarTlebriv reJimSi.
zemoaRniSnuli gulisxmobs, rom damatebiTi Sesruleba SesaZ-
lebelia mxolod xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobad iqnes ganxi-
luli, ramdenadac aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis mizans em-
saxureba. msgavsad, fasis Semcirebis pirobebSic ar xorcieldeba
xelSekrulebis Sewyveta, aramed kreditoris mier saxelSekrulebo
Tanxis gadaxdis movaleobis modificireba da Sesabamisobis uzrun-
velyofa Sesrulebis xarisxTan.
amdenad, fasis Semcireba damatebiTi Sesrulebis alternatiu-
li meoradi moTxovnis uflebad SesaZlebelia iqnes ganmartebuli.
amasTan, fasis Semcirebis ganxilva xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapi-
robad gaumarTlebeli iqneboda, radgan igi damatebiTi Sesrulebis-
gan gansxvavebiT, ver uzrunvelyofs kreditorisaTvis Tavdapirveli
Sesrulebis interesis realizebas. amdenad, fasis Semcireba Sesatyvi-

908 dawvrilebiT ix.: Piliounis P.A., The Remedies of Specific Performance, Price Reduction and
Additional Time (Nachfrist) under the CISG: Are these Worthwhile Changes or Additions to English Sales
Law? Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 12, 2000, 1-46, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/piliounis.html>,
[27.06.2014].
909 germanuli da qarTuli samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT, venis konvenciis 47-e (1)
muxli gamyidvels damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovnis uflebas aniWebs saamisod
aucilebeli gonivruli vadis gansazRvriT, magram aRniSnuli mxolod uflebis da
ara valdebulebis saxiT aris warmodgenili. ix.: DiMatteo L.A., Dhooge L.J., Greene S.,
Maurer V.G., Pagnattaro M.A., International Sales Law, A Critical Analysis of CISG Jurisprudence,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, 134; DiPalma M., Nachfrist under National Law, the CISG,
and the UNIDROIT and European Principles: A Comparison, International Contract Adviser (Kluwer), Vol.
5, No. 1, 1999, 8-9, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/DiPalma.html>, [30.06.2014].
910 ix. ssk-is 405-e I muxli. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa
palatis 2011 wlis 14 martis ganCineba saqmeze:L#as-8-5-2011.
911 ix. ssk-is 405-e II muxli.
912 gansxvavebiT angloamerikuli sistemisgan, romelic zianis anazRaurebaze axdens
orientacias. ix. Schwenzer I., Hachem P., Kee Ch., Global Sales and Contract Law, Oxford University
186
si interesis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, kreditoris neba-survilzea da-
mokidebuli.
damatebiTi Sesrulebis, rogorc upirvelesad gamosayenebeli
meoradi moTxovnis uflebis samarTlebrivi bunebidan da miznidan
gamomdinare, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis winapirobad unda
iqnes ganxiluli naklis gamosworebis an nakliani nivTis unakloTi
Secvlis moTxovna. mxolod am moTxovnebis ganuxorcieleblobis Sem-
TxvevaSi unda aamoqmedos uflebamosilma pirma xelSekrulebidan
gasvlis913 meoradi moTxovnis samarTlebrivi meqanizmi.
fasis Semcirebis moTxovnis uflebis ganmamtkicebeli normis
_ ssk-is 492-e muxlis analizidan vlindeba, rom damatebiTi Sesrule-
bis moTxovnis uflebis ganuxorcielebloba ar aris fasis Semcire-
bis moTxovnis uflebis amoqmedebis winapirobad dadgenili. rogorc
xelSekrulebidan gasvla, aseve damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovna
(rac nakliani Sesrulebis pirobebSi naklis gamosworebiT914 an nak-
lianis unakloTi Secvlis915 moTxovnis uflebiT vlindeba) fasis
Semcirebis meoradi moTxovnis alternatiul moTxovnad aris zemoaR-
niSnul normaSi moazrebuli916, rac gamoricxavs maT erTdroulad
amoqmedebis SesaZleblobas.
mniSvnelovania, rom fasis Semcirebis uflebis momwesrigebeli
ssk-is 492-e muxlis mier moxseniebul ,,xelSekrulebis moSlaSi~ unda
moiazrebodes xelSekrulebidan gasvla, urTierTsanacvlo Sesrule-
bis mxareTaTvis ukan dabrunebis (restituciis) obieqturi SesaZleb-
lobidan gamomdinare. ssk-is 490-e muxlis sityvasityviTi ganmartebi-
dan ki ikveTeba kanonmdeblis neba, moaxdinos diferencireba damate-
biTi Sesrulebis saxeebis gansazRvrisas individualuri da gvarov-
nuli nivTebis mixedviT. gvarovnuli nivTis SemTxvevaSi, gamyidveli
Tavisufalia damatebiTi Sesrulebis saxis arCevaSi. misi arCevanis
Tavisufleba izRudeba individualurad gansazRvruli nivTis Sem-
TxvevaSi da gamyidvels mxolod naklis gamosworeba SeuZlia.917
913ssk-is 491-e muxlSi termini xelSekrulebis moSla miTiTebulia nasyidobis

xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis nacvlad. muxlis aseTi saxeldeba arazustia
da aRniSnuli norma arsobrivad, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis Sinaarsis momcveli
unda iyos.
914 Nix. ssk-is 490-e I muxli (Tu gayiduli nivTi naklis mqonea, gamyidvelma an unda
gamoasworos es nakli an Tu saqme exeba gvarovnul nivTs, Secvalos es nivTi
saamisod aucilebel vadaSi); aseve, ssk-is 642-e I muxli. venis konvenciaSi naklis
gamosworebas Seesatyviseba 46-e (3) muxli.
915 nakliani nivTis unakloTi Secvlas ganamtkicebs venis konvenciis 46-e (2) muxli.
916 Tu myidveli ar iTxovs nivTis naklis gamosworebas an axliT mis Secvlas
gamyidvelisaTvis saamisod micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdeg da arc xelSekrulebis
moSlas, maSin mas SeuZlia moiTxovos fasis Semcireba im odenobiT, rac saWiroa
naklis gamosasworeblad. mxedvelobaSi miiReba xelSekrulebis dadebis
momentisaTvis arsebuli fasi (ssk-is 492-e muxli).
917 baCiaSvili v., damatebiTi Sesrulebis, xelSekrulebidan gasvlisa da fasis
Semcirebis meoradi moTxovnis uflebebi nasyidobaSi (saqarTvelosa da germaniis
187
damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovnis gamoyeneba nakliani nivTis
miwodebisas, ar aris damokidebuli movalis braleulobis arseboba-
ze, rameTu arabraleuli Seusruleblobac valdebulebis darRvevis
dasrulebul Semadgenlobas qmnis.
2. damatebiTi Sesruleba
meoradi moTxovnis uflebaTa konkurenciis sakiTxi TiTqmis

yvela samarTlebriv sivrceSi gansazRvrul ierarqiasa da etapobrio-
bas eqvemdebareba,918 ise rom, SesaZlebelia, meoradi moTxovnis ufle-
baTa diferenciacia pirveladad da meoradad. valdebulebis darRve-
vis yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia konkretuli meoradi
moTxovnis ufleba iyos prioritetuli.919
Secvlili garemoebebiT warmoSobili forsmaJori Sesrulebis
arabraleuli SeuZleblobis tolfasi samarTlebrivi koncefciaa,
romelic Sesrulebis absolutur SeuZleblobas gulisxmobs droebi-
Ti an mudmivi, sruli an nawilobrivi SeuZleblobis920 saxiT. forsma-
Joris koncefcia ar arsebobs maSin, rodesac Sesruleba obieqturad,
fizikurad ganxorcielebadia, magram aragonivrulad did danaxar-
jebTan aris dakavSirebuli.921 Sesabamisad, forsmaJoris arseboba
upirobod gamoricxavs naturiT Sesrulebisa922 da zianis anazRaure-
bis moTxovnis uflebebs,923 magram amiT ar wydeba valdebulebiTsa-
samarTlis mixedviT), Jurn. ,,qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema,

Tb., 2008, 170.
918 germanuli samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT, evropul principebSi ar aris damatebiTi
Sesrulebis prioritetuloba dadgenili. ix. Schmidt-Kessel M. (Osnabrück), Remedies for

Breach of Contract in European Private Law - Principles of European Contract Law, Acquis Communautaire
and Common und Frame of Reference, in Schulze R. (ed.), New Features in Contract Law, Sellier, European
Law Publishers, München, 2007, 194.
919 fifia a., xelSekrulebidan gasvlis kontinenturevropuli da angloamerikuli
samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da maTi gavlena qarTul
samarTalze, Jurn. `qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema, 2008, 74.
920 dawvrilebiT ix. Firoozmand M.R., Changed Circumstances and Immutability of Contract:a
Comparative Analysis of Force Majeure and Related Doctrines, Bus. L. Int'l, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2007, 166-167,
921 Naon H.A.G., Adaptation of Contracts: An Argentine Substantive and Private International Law Outlook,
1985, 57, miTiTebulia: Horn N.(ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade
and Finance, Deventer/The Netherlands, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1985.
2012, 662.
923 ix. evropuli principebis 8:101-e (2) da unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis
7.1.7-e (4) muxlebi.
188
marTlebrivi urTierToba. mxareTa Soris kvlav moqmedebs urTier-
Tsanacvlo ufleba-movaleobebi.924
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisas Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan
ganTavisuflebasTan erTad,925 orive mxarisaTvis xelmisawvdomi xdeba
restituciis,926 xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis ufle-
ba. Tu forsmaJoruli garemoeba droebiTi xasiaTisaa, maSin SesaZle-
belia moxdes valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeCereba droebiTi dabrko-
lebis arsebobis periodSi, Tu valdebulebis drouli Seusruleb-
loba movalisaTvis mTavari saxelSekrulebo interesis dakargvas ar
iwvevs. magaliTad, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos erT-erT gan-
CinebaSi927 ganmartebulia, rom forsmaJoruli garemoeba saxelSekru-
lebosamarTlebriv urTierTobaSi ar warmoadgens valdebulebis Ses-
rulebisagan gaTavisuflebis safuZvels, Tu ra Tqma unda, valdebu-
lebis Sesruleba forsmaJorul garemoebaTa aRmofxvris Semdegac
SesaZlebelia da Tu aRniSnuli Sesrulebis mimarT kreditors inte-
resi ar daukargavs.
naturiT Sesrulebis moTxovna gamoiricxeba Tu Sesruleba ka-
nonsawinaaRmdegoa an misi obieqturad, fizikurad ganxorcielebado-
bis miuxedavad, movalisagan moiTxovs gansakuTrebul Zalisxmevasa
da aragonivrul xarjebs.928
magaliTad, Sesruleba kanonsawinaaRmdego gaxdeba, Tu aikrZa-
leba qimiuri nivTierebis gamoyeneba da dawesdeba jarima Sesabamisi
saSualebebiT vaWrobisaTvis.929 Sesabamisad, ar iarsebebs qimiuri niv-
Tierebis, rogorc xelSekrulebis sagnis, myidvelisaTvis miwodebis
valdebuleba, vinaidan igi gamoiwvevs sakanonmdeblo danawesis dar-
Rvevasa da savaWro lizenciis gauqmebas.930
SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli xarjebis aragonivrulobisa da
araTanabarzomierebis sakiTxi konkretuli saqmis garemoebebis gaTva-
liswinebiT unda Sefasdes da SeuZlebelia igi winaswar ganisazR-
924 Horn N., Standard Clauses on Contract Adaptation in International Commerce, 1985, 137, miTiTebu-
lia: Horn N. (ed.), Adaptation and Renegotiation of Contracts in International Trade and Finance,
927 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 23 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze:
#as-496-470-2011.
928 ix. unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.2.2 (a)(b) da evropuli principebis
9:102-e (2) (b) muxlebi.
929Honnold J. O., Impediments Excusing Party From Damages ("Force Majeure"), Kluwer Law International,
The Hague, 1999, 472-495, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/ho79.html>, [25/07/2014].
1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the Interntional Sale of Goods and the Principles of European
Contract Law: A Comparative Analysis, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 261-293,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/flambouras1.html#iie>, [25/07/2014].
189
vros.931 amasTan, forsmaJori iwvevs ara xelSekrulebis anulirebas932,
aramed mis Sewyvetas, romelic pirveladi saxelSekrulebo valdebu-
lebis darRvevis gamo meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis aRmocenebis sa-
marTlebrivi safuZveli xdeba.933 amasTan, xelSekrulebis Sewyveta
valdebulebis Sewyvetisgan gansxvavebuli koncefciaa: valdebule-
biTsamarTlebrivi urTierTobis arseboba wydeba mxolod pirveladi
da meoradi moTxovnis uflebaTa srulad ganxorcielebiT, romlis
Semdeg mxareTa Soris aRar arsebobs urTierTsanacvlo ufleba-mova-
leobebi.
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi aRmocenebuli dabrkoleba na-
turiT Sesrulebisa da zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebisagan ganTa-
visuflebis safuZvlad SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnes, Tu mxare daam-
tkicebs, rom garemoebebi, romlebmac gamoiwvia valdebulebis Sesru-
lebis ukiduresi damZimeba, akmayofilebs naSromSi ganxiluli Sesru-
lebis garTulebis koncefciisaTvis aucilebel, maT Soris arabra-
leulobis winapirobebs.934 amasTan, dabrkolebis warmoSoba mxaris
kontrolis miRma, imavdroulad gamoricxavs movlenis arsebobas misi
riskisa da pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi da Sesabamisad, afuZnebs arab-
raleulobis winapirobas. amrigad, naturiT Sesrulebisagan ganTavi-
sufleba ar gamoricxavs zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebis arsebo-
bas, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac dabrkoleba akmayofilebs forsma-
Joris winapirobebs.935
evropuli principebis Tanaxmad, naturiT Sesrulebis meoradi
moTxovnis ufleba SezRudulia.936 9:102-e (2)(a) muxli gamoxatavs prin-
cips – ar arsebobs SeuZleblobis Sesrulebis valdebuleba (impossi-
bilium nulla est obligation).937 valdebulebis droebiTi SeuZlebloba gamo-
ricxavs damabrkolebeli garemoebis moqmedebis periodSi valdebu-
lebis iZulebiT aRsrulebas. xolo Tu valdebulebam SeiZina kanon-
sawinaaRmdego xasiaTi da xangrZlivad gaxda SeuZlebeli, maSin xel-
932 iqve, 213.
933 unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis mixedeviT, valdebulebis Sesrulebis Se-
uZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, valdebuli piri Tavisufldeba, rogorc naturiT Sesru-
lebisagan, ise zianis anazRaurebisagan. xolo kreditors SeuZlia moiTxovos xel-
Sekrulebidan gasvla, valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeCereba da procenti, romlis
gadaxdis vada damdgaria.
934 ix. magaliTad, unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.2.2-e (b) da 6.2.1-e muxle-
bis urTierTdamokidebuleba.
935 ix. evropuli principebis 8:108-e muxli. aseve, Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European
Contract Law, part I and II, Kluwer Law International, The Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 402.
936 ix. evropuli principebis 9:102-e (2) (a) (b) muxli.
190
Sekrulebidan gasvla avtomaturad gamoiyeneba Setyobinebis gareSe.938
Setyobinebis mizania kontrahents mieniWos dabrkolebis Tavidan aci-
lebis an uaryofiTi Sedegebis daZlevis SesaZlebloba. Tu aRniSnu-
li mizani ganuxorcielebelia valdebulebis absoluturi SeuZleb-
lobis gamo, maSin Setyobinebis valdebuleba qarwyldeba. Sesrule-
bis SeuZleblobis arabraleuloba an Sesrulebis garTulebis gamom-
wvevi garemoebis aRmoceneba movalisagan damoukidebeli, gareSe mov-
lenebiT naturiT Sesrulebis moTxovnasTan erTad, gamoricxavs zia-
nis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebis arsebobasac939 braleuli pasu-
xismgeblobis principis ZaliT.940
damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovnis gamomricxav saintereso sa-
fuZvels iTvaliswinebs evropuli principebi, romlis Tanaxmad, dama-
tebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovna ar gamoyeneba Tu valdebulebis darRve-
va mxaris ganzraxviT aris gamowveuli, rac pativsadeb da safuZvlian
mizezs aZlevs mxares ivaraudos valdebulebis momavalSi, damatebiT
vadaSi Seusrulebloba.941
droebiTi saxelSekrulebo dabrkolebis arsebobisas mxares
aqvs kuTvnili valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeCerebis ufleba kontra-
hentis mier sanacvlo valdebulebis ganxorcielebamde.942
damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovnis ufleba kreditors aniWebs
SesaZleblobas, uari ganacxados sinalagmaturi valdebulebiTsamar-
Tlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare Tavisi valdebulebis Sesru-
lebaze. myidvels ufleba aqvs, damatebiT Sesrulebamde uari ganacx-
ados fulis gadaxdaze943, aseve, nakliani nivTis miwodebisas _ mis
miRebaze, rac ar gamoiwvevs kreditoris mier vadis gadacilebas.944
Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 402. aseve, evropuli principebis 9:303-e (4) muxli ganamtki-
cebs, rom forsmaJoris SemTxvevaSi ar gamoiyeneba Setyobinebis ganxorcielebis
valdebuleba.
939 Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, Part I and II, Kluwer Law International, The
Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 398. ix. aseve, evropuli principebis 9:303-e (4) muxli.
940 ix. ssk-is 394-e I muxli.
941 ix. evropuli principebis 8:103-e (c) muxli,
<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/eu.contract.principles.parts.1.to.3.2002/8.103.html>, [25.07.2014]
942 ix. unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.1.3-e da evropuli principebis 9:201-e
muxlebi.
943 Gursky, Schuldrecht, Besonderer, Teil, 5. Auflage, Heidelberg, 2005, 2, miTiTebulia: baCiaSvili
v., damatebiTi Sesrulebis, xelSekrulebidan gasvlisa da fasis Semcirebis
meoradi moTxovnis uflebebi nasyidobaSi (saqarTvelosa da germaniis samarTlis
mixedviT), Jurn. ,,qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema, 2008, 171.
944 Der Kaufvertrag, Einführung,
<http://www.wiec.de/Download/WIEC01b/Semester2/Recht/Skript%20Recht%2002-07-
31%20(preview).pdf>, [25.07.2014], miTiTebulia: baCiaSvili v., damatebiTi Sesrulebis,
xelSekrulebidan gasvlisa da fasis Semcirebis meoradi moTxovnis uflebebi nas-
yidobaSi (saqarTvelosa da germaniis samarTlis mixedviT), Jurn. ,,qarTuli samar-
Tlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema, Tb., 2008, 171.
191
Tu valdebulebis darRvevis gamomwvevi damabrkolebeli gare-
moebis warmoSobaze orive mxarea pasuxismgebeli, maSin meoradi
moTxovnis uflebebisadmi xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT, saerTa-
Soriso doneze ori midgoma aris aRiarebuli. pirvelis Tanaxmad,
kreditorisaTvis xelmisawvdomia damatebiTi Sesrulebisa da xelSek-
rulebidan gasvlis moTxovnebi, Tu movalis wvlili valdebulebis
darRvevaSi 50%-s aRemateba. meore, ufro gavrcelebuli midgomis, Ta-
naxmad, kreditors zemoaRniSnuli uflebebi SeiZleba mieniWos Tu
igi valdebulebis darRvevaSi misi monawileobis xarisxis Sesatyvis
fulad Tanxas gadauxdis movales.
Tu valdebulebis darRveva umTavresad kreditoris moqmedebis
an umoqmedobis Sedegia, maSin kreditors ekrZaleba arafuladi xa-
siaTis yvela meoradi moTxovnis uflebiT sargebloba.945
3. zianis anazRaureba
3.1. zogadi daxasiaTeba
zianis anazRaurebis meoradi moTxovnis ufleba SesaZlebelia

gamoyenebul iqnes nebismieri saxis valdebulebis darRveviT gamowve-
uli zianis arsebobisas.946 aRniSnuli ufleba ar aris alternatiu-
li,947 aramed SesaZlebelia sxva meoradi moTxovnis uflebebTan para-
lelurad iqnes amoqmedebuli.948
venis konvenciis 79-e muxli mxolod zianis anazRaurebis uf-
lebis gamoricxvaze saubrobs, xolo konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli
sxva meoradi moTxovnis uflebebi949 xelSekrulebidan gasvla, dama-
tebiTi Sesruleba da fasis Semcireba SesaZlebelia gaxdes mxari-
saTvis xelmisawvdomi konkretuli saqmis garemoebebis gaTvaliswine-
biT950 da Sesatyvisi winapirobebis arsebobisas. mniSvnelovania, rom
2012, 677, Semdgomi miTiTebebiT.
946 Eiselen S., Ferrari F., Flechtner H.M., Garro A., Ulrich M., Viscasillas P.P., Rogers V., Sono H., Witz C.,
Voleger A.K. (ed.in chief), J.L. & Com., UNCITRAL Digest of Case Law on the United Nationas Convention
on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Special Issue, University of Pittsburch, Vol. 30, 2012, 225.
947 rogorc magaliTad, fasis Semcireba da xelSekrulebidan gasvla.
on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Special Issue, Vol. 30, University of Pittsburch, 2012, 225;
Bianca C.M., Bonell M.J., Commentary on the International Sales Law – The 1980 Vienna Sales Convention,
Milan, 1987, Art. 81. ix. aseve, evropuli principebis 8:102-e da ssk-is 407-e muxlebi.
950 Garro A.M., Gap-Filling Role of the Unidroit Principles in International Sales Law: Some Comments on
the Interplay Between the Principles and the CISG, Tul. L. Rev., Vol. 69, 1149, 1995; King V. K., Hardship
as an Impediment to Performance in Terms of Article of the CISG, North-West University, November, 2010,
8.
192
venis konvenciis regulirebis miRma rCeba sakiTxi _ pasuxismgeblo-
bisgan ganTavisufleba mxolod zianis anazRaurebis uflebis gamo-
ricxvas moicavs Tu vrceldeba aseve, valdebulebis darRvevisaTvis
xelSekrulebiT gansazRvrul pirgasamtexlozec. Sesabamisad, aRniS-
nuli sakiTxis mowesrigeba mTlianad erovnuli kanonmdeblobis re-
gulirebas unda miendos.951
amasTan mniSvnelovania, rom zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba
miemarTeba mxolod mosalodneli zianis odenobas. evropuli princi-
pebis Tanaxmad, mxaris valdebuleba Semoifargleba mxolod zianis
im moculobiT, romelic savaraudo iyo xelSekrulebis dadebis etap-
ze. aRniSnuli wesi kidev erTxel exmianeba damabrkolebeli garemoe-
bis gaTvaliswinebis SeuZleblobis erT-erT aucilebel moTxovnas
da gulisxmobs, rom mxare ver iqneba im dabrkolebiT gamowveuli zi-
anis anazRaurebaze pasuxismgebeli, romlis gonivruli gaTvaliswine-
bis unarsac moklebuli iyo saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi CarTvis
dros.952
forsmaJoris arsebobisas zianis anazRaurebasTan erTad gamoi-
ricxeba aseve, winaswar SeTanxmebuli zianis (liquidated damages) an saja-
rimo sanqciebis moTxovnis ufleba, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu mxareTa
mier gansxvavebuli mowesrigebaa gaTvaliswinebuli.953 forsmaJoris
arsebobisas SeuzRudavia procentis miRebis ufleba,954 radgan pro-
centi ar uTanabrdeba zianis anazRaurebas.955
zianis anazRaurebis, rogorc umniSvnelovanesi samarTlebrivi
dacvis saSualebis, gamoyenebis winapirobad zogadi wesis Tanaxmad,
mxolod valdebulebis braleuli darRveva moiazreba. movalis bra-
liT gamowveuli damabrkolebeli garemoebiT warmoSobili valdebu-
lebis darRveva aRmoacenebs valdebulebis SeusruleblobiT miyene-
buli zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebas. Bbralis samarTleb-
rivi kategoria gansakuTrebuli iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqonea, ro-
gorc kontinenturi, ise angloamerikuli samarTlis sistemaSi, Tumca
TiToeuli samarTlebrivi sistema bralis sakiTxisadmi arsebiTad
gansxvavebul midgomas iTvaliswinebs:
951 Comment 9 on Article 65, of the 1978 Draft [Draft Counterpart of the CISG art. 79] Comment 5, <www.
cisg.law.pace.edu/text/secomm/secomm-79.html>, [01.07.2014] miTiTebulia: Liu Ch., Newman M.S.
(ed.), Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from SISG, UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, JurisNet,
LLC, Huntington, New York, 2007, 706.
952 ix. evropuli principebis 8:108-e da unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.1.7-e
(1) muxlebi.

954 ix. evropuli principebis 8:101-e (2) da unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis
7.1.7-e (4) muxlebi.

193
angloamerikul samarTlebriv sivrceSi damkvidrebulia bra-
leulobis arsebiTad gansxvavebuli koncefcia: Tu kontinentur sa-
marTalSi brali mniSvnelobas iZens samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi pasu-
xismgeblobis gansazRvris TvalsazrisiT, angloamerikul samarTal-
Si brali gansazRvravs valdebulebis darRvevis arsebobas.
angloamerikul samarTlebriv sivrceSi valdebulebis arab-
raleuli Seusrulebloba ar afuZnebs valdebulebis darRvevis
dasrulebul Semadgenlobas.956 Sesabamisad, valdebulebis darRve-
vis ararsebobis gamo gamoricxulia zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis
ufleba. sanacvlod, avtomaturad irTveba xelSekrulebidan gas-
vlis samarTlebrivi reJimi, riTac kreditorisaTvis uzrunvelyo-
filia misi mxridan ganxorcielebuli Sesrulebis dabrunebis sa-
marTlebrivi interesi, xolo movalisaTvis pirveladi valdebule-
bis Sesrulebisagan ganTavisufleba. amrigad, angloamerikuli sa-
marTali valdebulebis darRvevis winapirobad bralis arsebobis
gansazRvriT dasawyisSive gamoricxavs arabraleuli Seusruleb-
lobisaTvis zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebas. pativsadebi safuZ-
vlis arsebobisas arabraleuli Seusrulebloba mxolod xelSek-
rulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis uflebas aRmoacenebs, xo-
lo zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebas warmoSobs mxolod
braleuli Seusrulebloba.
vinaidan Kkontinentur samarTalSi brali valdebulebis
darRvevis winapirobad ar moiazreba, xelSekrulebidan gasvla uz-
runvelyofilia rogorc braleuli, ise arabraleuli Seusruleb-
lobis SemTxvevaSi. bralis arseboba zianis anazRaurebis moTxov-
nis uflebisadmi xelmisawvdomobas gansazRvravs.
Ddaskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom orive samarTlebrivi
sistema valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas
bralis kategoriaze damokidebulad acxadebs, Tumca, arsebiTad
analogiuri Sedegi aq gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis
gamoyenebiT miiRweva.
gsk-is 280-e paragrafis ZaliT, movalis mier valdebulebis
darRvevisas kreditors SeuZlia moiTxovos amiT gamowveuli zianis
anazRaureba. es wesi ar moqmedebs maSin, Tuki movales ar miuZRvis
brali valdebulebis darRvevaSi. Tu saxezea xsenebuli paragrafiT
gaTvaliswinebuli yvela winapiroba: namdvili valdebuleba, misi
darRveva, ziani, movalis brali da mizezobrivi kavSiri, kreditors
warmoeSoba zianis anazRaurebis meoradi moTxovna.
analogiurad, ssk-is 394-e I muxli centraluri da uzogadesi
normaa, romelic ganamtkicebs braleuli pasuxismgeblobis princips
da kreditors valdebulebis darRvevis Sedegad warmoSobili zianis
anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebas aniWebs. aRniSnuli muxlis gamoye-
956 Treitel G.H., The Law of Contract, 9th ed., Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1995, 674-666.
194
nebis winapirobebia: 1) marTlwinaaRmdegoba 2) brali 3) mizezobrivi
kavSiri 4) ziani.957
evropuli principebis 9:501-e (1) muxlis Tanaxmad, anazRaurebas
eqvemdebareba mxolod valdebulebis braleuli darRvevis Sedegad
miyenebuli ziani. valdebulebis darRveva, Sesrulebis arabraleuli
SeuZleblobis saxiT, pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZve-
lia da, Sesabamisad, gamoricxavs zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uf-
lebis arsebobas. evropuli principebis 9:103-e muxlis ZaliT, Sesru-
lebis valdebulebisgan ganTavisufleba ar abrkolebs zianis anazRa-
urebis moTxovnis uflebis ganxorcielebas.
saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis darRvevis Sedegad damdgari
ziani SesaZlebelia erTdroulad iyos rogorc movalis, ise Tavad
kreditoris braleuli qmedebis Sedegi. am SemTxvevaSi saxezea Sereu-
li bralis samarTlebrivi kategoria, rodesac braleul pirTa pasu-
xismgeblobis sakiTxi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens.
kreditoris brali SeiZleba gamoixatos iseTi moqmedebiTac,
romelic xels uwyobs Sesrulebis damabrkolebeli Secvlili gare-
moebebis warmoSobas, an xels uSlis mis likvidacias, uaryofiTi Se-
degebis aRmofxvras an Tavidan acilebas. msgavsad, evropuli princi-
pebis 9:504-e muxlis Tanaxmad, valdebulebis damrRvevi mxare ar aris
pasuxismgebeli damdgari zianisaTvis imdenad, ramdenadac dazarale-
bulma sakuTari qmedebiT xeli Seuwyo valdebulebis darRvevas an
misi samarTlebrivi Sedegebis warmoSobas.
gsk-is 254-e paragrafi aregulirebs pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs
Semxvedri bralis arsebobisas: Tu dazaralebulis braleulma qme-
debam xeli Seuwyo zianis warmoSobas, maSin rogorc anazRaurebis
valdebuleba, ise asanazRaurebeli zianis odenoba damokidebulia
saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze, aseve imaze, umeteswilad Tu romeli
mxaris braliTaa ziani gamowveuli. ssk-is 415-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu
zianis warmoSobas xeli Seuwyo dazaralebulis moqmedebamac, maSin
zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba da am anazRaurebis moculoba da-
mokidebulia imaze, Tu metad romeli mxaris braliT aris ziani ga-
mowveuli. amave muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, es wesi gamoiyeneba ma-
Sinac, roca dazaralebulis brali gamoixateba misi umoqmedobiT _
Tavidan aecilebina ziani.958
Tu dazaralebuls valdebulebis darRvevis uaryofiTi Sede-
gebis Semcirebis an aRmofxvris SesaZlebloba aqvs da braleuli
umoqmedobiT es valdebuleba ar sruldeba, maSin,E evropuli princi-
pebis 9:505-e (1) muxlis Tanaxmad, valdebulebis damrRvevi mxare Ta-
957 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2012 wlis 27 martis ganCineba saqmeze
№ას-1300-1320-2011, aseve, 2011 wlis 27 ivnisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-804-858-2011.
958 ix.: saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2012 wlis 29 maisis ganCineba saqmeze:
№ას-1685-1671-2011; saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis

2011 wlis 14 martis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-8-5-2011.
195
visufldeba damdgari zianisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan im odenobiT,
ramdeniTac dazaralebuls gonivruli moqmedebis safuZvelze SeeZ-
lo Seemcirebina igi. am SemTxvevaSi brali mxaris mier zianis Sesam-
cireblad saTanado RonisZiebebis ganuxorcieleblobiT gamoixateba.
mxaris valdebuleba – keTilgonivruli moqmedebiT Seamciros xel-
Sekrulebis kontrahentis mier valdebulebis darRveviT gamowveuli
zianis odenoba, keTilsindisierebis principisa da gulisxmierebis
valdebulebis gamoxatulebaa.959 evropuli principebis 9:505-e muxlis
Sinaarsidan ki vlindeba, rom keTilsindisierebis principisa da gu-
lisxmierebis valdebulebis darRveva, braleuli darRvevis msgavsad,
aisaxeba mxaris saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobaze da zianis anazR-
aurebis moTxovnis uflebis arsebobas gansazRvravs. dazaralebul
mxares eniWeba im xarjebis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba, romle-
bic gaRebul iqna zianis Semcirebis mcdelobisas.
kreditoris brali valdebulebis SeusruleblobaSi mniSvne-
lovan zegavlenas axdens misi mxridan meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze. keTilsindisierebisa da samarTlianobis
principidan gamomdinare, kreditors valdebulebis darRvevisas ezR-
udeba samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis uflebamosi-
leba.960 magaliTad,E evropuli principebis 8:101-e (3) muxlis Tanaxmad,
kreditori moklebulia samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis gamoyene-
bis SesaZleblobas imdenad, ramdenadac sakuTari qmedebiT xeli Se-
uwyo valdebulebis Seusruleblobas. Tu kreditoris mier valdebu-
lebis darRveviT gamowveuli ziani nawilobriv movalis qmedebis Se-
degicaa, maSin kreditori samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebs sru-
lad ver gamoiyenebs, im SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebiT, rodesac Seusru-
leblobisaTvis mxolod movalea pasuxismgebeli.961 Tu xelSekrule-
bis erT-erTi mxaris gaufrTxilebel brals upirispirdeba kontra-
hentis Semxvedri ganzraxi brali, maSin am ukanasknels warmoeSoba
zianis sruli odenobiT anazRaurebis valdebuleba.962
valdebulebis darRvevaSi Semxvedri bralis arsebobisas gani-
sazRvreba TiToeuli mxaris braleulobis xvedriTi wili damdgari
zianis warmoSobaSi da pasuxismgebloba ganisazRvreba zianis odeno-
baSi maTi wilobrivi monawileobis mixedviT. Sereuli bralis arse-
bobisas damdgari zianis sruli odenobiT anazRaurebis valdebuleba
daekisreba ara zianis mimyenebels, aramed misi pasuxismgebloba mcir-
960 iqve, 360.
961 iqve, 361.
962 Larenz K., Canaris C.W., Lehrbuch, §31 I e, Grunsky W. in Münchener Kommentar to §254, no. 7. OLG,
Munich, 23 Feb. 1990, NJW-RR 1990, 828 at 829 (All the damages on the injured party when the injurer was
grossly negligent); Heinrichs H. in Palandt O. to §254, no.51, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of
Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006, 411.
196
deba im nawilSi, riTac dazaralebulma xeli Seuwyo zianis warmo-
Sobas da zianis Semcirebuli odenoba daekisreba dazaralebul mxa-
res.
amrigad, Tu damdgari ziani xelSekrulebis monawileTa er-
Toblivi braleuli qmedebis Sedegia, maSin pasuxismgebloba orive
mxareze gadanawildeba braleulobis xarisxis gaTvaliswinebiT.963
Tu zianis warmoSobis erTaderTi mizezi movalis braleuli
moqmedebaa, maSin kontrahentis samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi
dRis wesrigidan ixsneba.
3.2. bralis mniSvneloba anazRaurebas daqvemdebarebuli zianis

odenobis gansazRvrisaTvis
samarTlebrivad daculia mxolod is ziani, romelic savarau-

do iqneboda nebismieri gonieri adamianisaTvis, brunvis saSualo mo-
nawilisaTvis.964 rodesac xelSekrulebis mxare kisrulobs valdebu-
lebas, mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs Tavis Tavze mxolod im riskis aReba,
romelic kanonzomierad aris dakavSirebuli xelSekrulebis Sesru-
lebasTan. aRniSnulis gamo misgan SeiZleba mxolod moTxovnil iqnes
im zianis anazRaureba, romelic xelSekrulebis darRvevis normalur
Sedegad aRiqmeba. ssk-is 412-e muxli movales aTavisuflebs iseTi
riskisagan, rac miuRebelia qonebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Cveulebrivi
principebisaTvis. zianis savaraudooba dgindeba gonieri adamianis
TvalsazrisiT da ar ganisazRvreba konkretuli xelSekrulebis kon-
kretuli damrRvevis subieqturi SesaZleblobebiT.965 amrigad, kanon-
mdebloba zianis savaraudoobis gansazRvrisaTvis obieqtur kriteri-
ums amkvidrebs, riTac dgindeba movalis pasuxismgeblobis fargle-
bi.966
iuridiul mecnierebaSi doqtrina mxarisaTvis mosalodneli
da savaraudo zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb safrangeTSi me-18 saukune-
Si ganviTarda.967 franguli samarTlis mixedviT, anazRaurebas eqvem-
963 Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samoqa-
laqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawili, Tb.,
2001, 482-483.
964 ix. ssk-is 412-e muxli. aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo
saqmeTa palatis 2011 wlis 10 maisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-375-355-2011.
965 Coxeli n., zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba, Jurn. ,,qarTuli samarTlis mimo-
xilva~, Tb., 5/2002-4, 624.
966 aRniSnuli principis safuZvelze anazRaurebas ar eqvemdebareba arapirdapiri
ziani, romelic, gonivruli varaudis cnebidan gamomdinare, ver iqneboda movali-
saTvis mosalodneli da winaswar gansazRvradi. ix. Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T.,
Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III,
valdebulebiTi samarTali, zogadi nawili, Tb., 2001, 466.
197
debareba mxarisaTvis winaswar savaraudo ziani, romelic valdebu-
lebis darRvevis Tanadrouli da uSualo samarTlebrivi Sedegia. sa-
interesoa, rom valdebulebis ganzraxi darRvevis SemTxvevaSi fran-
guli da italiuri samarTali zianis anazRaurebis winapirobad mxa-
ris mier zianis winaswar gaTvaliswinebis kriteriums aRar ayenebs.
Sesabamisad, damdgari ziani anazRaurdeba sruli odenobiT, maT So-
ris isic, romelsac mxare ar iTvaliswinebda, an ar SeeZlo gaeTva-
liswinebina, xolo moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom ziani valdebulebis
darRvevis uSualo Sedegi unda iyos, ucvleli rCeba.
franguli doqtrinisagan gansxvavebiT, germanuli samarTali
ganamtkicebs mizezobrivi kavSiris Sesaxeb Teorias, romlis Tanax-
mad, anazRaurebas eqvemdebareba ziani, romelic valdebulebis dar-
Rvevis uSualo samarTlebrivi Sedegia. es Teoria dazaralebuls,
darRveuli interesebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT, ukeTes pirobebSi aye-
nebs.
germanuli doqtrinis Tanaxmad, pasuxismgebloba unda efuZne-
bodes or koncefcias: erTi, pasuxismgebloba SesaZlebelia daekis-
ros mxolod braleul mxares; meore, dazaralebul mxares unda au-
nazRaurdes ziani im odenobiT, rac aucilebelia mxarisaTvis im pi-
robebis Sesaqmnelad, romelic iarsebebda, xelSekruleba rom ar
darRveuliyo.968
sayovelTaod damkvidrebuli SexedulebiT, dazaralebuls zi-
anis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba ar warmoeSoba, Tu mas brali
miuZRvis mosalodneli zianis Sesaxeb movalisaTvis Seutyobineblo-
baSi.969 magaliTad, gsk-is 254-e paragrafis Tanaxmad, dazaralebulis
brali SeiZleba gamoixatos uCveulod didi zianis warmoSobis ris-
kis movalisaTvis SeutyobineblobaSi, romelmac ar icoda da arc Se-
eZlo scodnoda aRniSnuli riskis arsebobis Sesaxeb.
amrigad, gsk-is 254-e paragrafi mniSvnelovnad uaxlovdeba
frangul doqtrinas, romlis Tanaxmad, ganzraxi darRvevis SemTxveva-
Si, movale pasuxs agebs damdgari samarTlebrivi SedegisaTvis sru-
li odenobiT. ganzraxi darRvevis ararsebobisas ki mxare pasuxismge-
belia mxolod mosalodneli zianisaTvis, risi gaTvaliswinebac Se-
saZlebeli iyo sakuTari codnisa Tu sxvisi Setyobinebis safuZvel-
ze.970
968 Puchta G.F., Vorlesungen, 2, §224; Windscheid B., Lehrbuch, 2, §257; Vangerow K., Lehrbuch der
Pandekten 3, 7th ed., Marburg, 1863, §571, Anm.3.; Zimmermann R., Obligations, 833-4, miTiTebulia:
Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust Enrichment, Oxford University
969 Grunsky W. in Münchener Kommentar to §254, no.59; Heinrichs H. in Palandt O. Bürgerliches
Gesetzbuch 62nd ed., Munich, 2003, to §254, no.51, OLG, Bremen, 20 Nov. 1975, Versicherungs Recht,
1976, 558-560, miTiTebulia: Gordley J., Foundations of Private Law: Property, Tort, Contract, Unjust
198
evropuli principebis 9:503-e muxlis Tanaxmad, valdebulebis
damrRvevi mxare pasuxismgebelia im zianisaTvis, romelsac igi xel-
Sekrulebis dadebis etapze iTvaliswinebda, an valdebuli iyo gaeT-
valiswinebina, rogorc misi marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis samarTleb-
rivi Sedegi.971 Tu mxare ganzraxviT an uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT mo-
qmedebda, maSin igi pasuxismgebelia ara mxolod mis mier savaraudo,
aramed damdgari zianisaTvis, sruli odenobiT.
marTalia, ssk ganamtkicebs mxarisaTvis mosalodneli da sava-
raudo zianis anazRaurebis wess,972 magram anazRaurebas daqvemdebare-
buli zianis odenobis gansazRvrisas angariSs ar uwves, Tu bralis
romeli formiTaa valdebulebis darRveva gamoxatuli. keTilsindi-
sierebis universaluri principidan gamomdinare, gaTvaliswinebis
kriteriumi ar unda miemarTebodes asanazRaurebeli zianis odenobas
mxolod ganzraxi darRvevis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, rac mizanSewoni-
lia aisaxos qarTul samoqalaqo kodeqsSi.
ssk-is 392-e muxlis Tanaxmad, movales martivi gaufrTxileb-
lobiT valdebulebis darRvevisas pasuxismgebloba ar daekisreba
kreditoris mier vadis gadacilebis SemTxvevaSi. martivi gaufrTxi-
leblobisaTvis gamoiricxeba aseve mCuqeblis pasuxismgebloba gsk-is
521-e paragrafis ZaliT, xolo usasyidlo sesxis dros gamsesxeblis
pasuxismgebloba mxolod ganzraxvis an uxeSi gaufrTxileblobisaT-
vis fuZndeba.973
valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli gulisxmierebis
xarisxi mcirdeba im urTierTobebSi, sadac mxareebad erTmaneTTan
mWidrod dakavSirebul subieqtebad gvevlinebian (meuRleebi974, mSob-
lebi SvilebTan mimarTebiT975). am SemTxvevaSi movalem pasuxi unda
agos iseTi gulisxmierebisaTvis, romelsac, Cveulebriv, sakuTari
saqmeebis mimarT avlens (diligentia quam in suis). movale SeiZleba ganTavi-
sufldes martivi gaufrTxileblobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan,976
Tuki daamtkicebs, rom sakuTari saqmeebis mimarTac iseTive gulgri-
971Schmidt-Kessel M. (Osnabrück), Remedies for Breach of Contract in European Private Law - Principles of
New Features in Contract Law, Sellier, European Law Publishers, München, 2007, 193. identuri
Sinaarsia ganmtkicebuli venis konvenciis 74-e muxlSi. ix. DiMatteo L.A., Dhooge L.J.,
Greene S., Maurer V.G., Pagnattaro M.A., International Sales Law, A Critical Analysis of CISG
Jurisprudence, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, 153.
972 ix. ssk-is 412-e muxli. aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo,
samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 25 noemberis ganCineba saqmeze:
#as-466-707-08.

974 ix. iqve, §1359.
975 ix. iqve, §1664.
976 ix. iqve, §277.
199
lobiT moqmedebs, rogoriTac konkretul gansaxilvel urTierToba-
Si.
frangul samarTalSi movalis pasuxismgeblobis zoma damo-
kidebulia bralis formaze. magaliTad, movalis mier gaufrTxileb-
lobiT fuladi valdebulebis Sesrulebis vadis gadacilebisas kre-
ditors ufleba aqvs mxolod procentze, xolo ganzraxi bralis ar-
sebobisas mas SeuZlia, procentis gadaxdasTan erTad, moiTxovos mi-
yenebuli zianis anazRaureba.977
fsk-is978 1927-e muxlis Tanaxmad, usasyidlo mibarebis dros
Semnaxvels iseTive gulisxmiereba da yuradRebianoba moeTxoveba, ro-
gorsac iCens sakuTari qonebis mimarT. xolo sasyidlian xelSekru-
lebaSi windaxedulebis standarti ganisazRvreba msgavs pirobebSi
myofi, gonieri da keTilsindisieri mesame piris Cveuli yuradRebia-
nobiT. ssk-is 774-e muxlis Tanaxmad, mibarebis sasyidlian xelSekru-
lebaSi Semnaxveli pasuxs agebs ganzraxvisa da gaufrTxileblobis
orive formisaTvis, usasyidlo xelSekrulebisas ki Semnaxvels pasu-
xismgebloba ekisreba mxolod ganzraxvisa da uxeSi gaufrTxileb-
lobis SemTxvevaSi.979
3.3. zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebis gamoricxva mxareTa

saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT
xelSekrulebis Tavisuflebis principis ZaliT, mxareebs SeuZ-

liaT Tavisuflad gansazRvron valdebulebis Sinaarsi – sakuTari
ufleba-movaleobebi konkretul valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTier-
TobaSi. Sesabamisad, xelSekrulebis monawileebi uflebamosilni
arian, SeTanxmdnen valdebulebis Seusruleblobis samarTlebriv Se-
degebze, kerZod, SezRudon an gamoricxon TavianTi pasuxismgebloba
valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis.980
kontrahentebs SeuZliaT, xelSekrulebis calkeuli pirobis
dacva TavianTi valdebulebis sferodan gamoricxon. dauSvebelia
msgavsi SeTanxmeba xelSekrulebis arsebiT pirobaze, romlis Seus-
rulebloba arsebiT darRvevas afuZnebs. mxareTa mier gansazRvruli
an kanoniT dadgenili arsebiTi pirobebis dacva xelSekrulebis mo-
nawileTa ZiriTadi valdebulebaa.981
garemoebebi, romelTa arsebobisas valdebulebis Seusruleb-
loba darRvevad ar ganixileba, SesaZlebelia, mxareebma winaswar ga-
977 ZlieriSvili z., valdebulebis Sesruleba, Tb., 2006, 126.

978 French Civil Code, Translated by Rouhette G. with the assistance of Rouhette-Berton A., 2006.
979 Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samoqa-
laqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni IV, t. II, Tb., 2001, 56.

981 iqve.
200
iTvaliswinon xelSekrulebaSi. aseTi saxelSekrulebo daTqmebi
emijneba daTqmebs pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.
pirveli kategoriis saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebebi emsaxureba im faq-
tobrivi garemoebebis dadgenas, romelTa warmoSobis pirobebSi val-
debulebis Seusrulebloba darRvevad ar ganixileba, xolo meore
saxis daTqmebi gamoiyeneba saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis im etapze,
rodesac valdebuleba darRveulia, magram maTi gansazRvra emsaxure-
ba mxareTa pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebas ukve darRveuli
valdebulebis pirobebSi.
pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxav daTqmebs ganamtkicebs rogorc
gsk, ise evropuli principebi, Tumca orive maTgani problemis gan-
sxvavebul gadawyvetas iTvaliswinebs.
germanul samarTalSi mxareebs ufleba aqvT, winaswari saxel-
Sekrulebo SeTanxmebiT Seamciron valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis
aucilebeli windaxedulebis xarisxi, an gamoricxon pasuxismgebloba
iseTi moqmedebisaTvis, rac msgavsi saxelSekrulebo danawesis arar-
sebobis SemTxvevaSi valdebulebis darRvevad ganixileba. Tumca es
ufleba izRudeba gsk-is 276-e III paragrafiT, romelic krZalavs sa-
xelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis winaswar gamoricxvas valdebule-
bis ganzraxi darRvevisaTvis.982
samomxmareblo xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebule-
bis mimarT gsk gacilebiT mkacr danawesebs ganamtkicebs. kerZod, gsk-
is 309-e VII (a) paragrafis ZaliT, baTilad iTvleba saxelSekrulebo
piroba, momxmareblis an misi warmomadgenlis iseTi ganzraxi an ga-
ufrTxilebeli (rogorc uxeSi, aseve martivi) moqmedebisaTvis pasu-
xismgeblobis SezRudvis, Tu misgan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, rac
xelyofs adamianis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an sxeulis mTliano-
bas. rac Seexeba pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvas an SezRudvas martivi
gaufrTxileblobiT miyenebuli zianisaTvis, mas gsk dasaSvebad miiC-
nevs. es daskvna gamomdinareobs gsk-is 309-e VII (b) paragrafidan: baTi-
lia SeTanxmeba momxmareblis an misi warmomadgenlis ganzraxi an
uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT miyenebuli zianisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis
SezRudvisa Tu misgan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. dauSvebelia aseve,
mxareTa SeTanxmebiT gamoiricxos xelSekrulebaze uaris ufleba
momxmareblis mier valdebulebis braleuli darRvevis SemTxvevaSi,
Tuki es gamowveuli araa Sesyiduli saqonlis an Sesrulebuli samu-
Saos nakliT.
rac Seexeba evrosabWos 1994 wlis 31 dekembris direqtivas ,,mom-
xmarebelTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis arakeTilsindisieri pirobe-
982 analogiurad inglisur samarTalSi baTilad iTvleba SeTanxmeba ganzraxi

darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. ix. Unfair Contract
Terms Act, Legislation of United Kingdom, 1977 (arasamarTliani saxelSekrulebo pirobebis
Sesaxeb aqti (SemdgomSi _ aspa),
<http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1977/cukpga_19770050_en_1>.
201
bis Sesaxeb~983 (SemdgomSi _ arakeTilsindisieri pirobebis Sesaxeb
direqtiva), igi krZalavs saxelSekrulebo daTqmebs ganzraxi an uxe-
Si gaufrTxileblobisaTvis mxareTa pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavi-
suflebis Sesaxeb.984 analogiurad, ssk-is 348-e ,,v~ muxlis ZaliT, ba-
Tilad iTvleba xelSekrulebis standartuli piroba, romelic gamo-
ricxavs an zRudavs pasuxismgeblobas im zianisaTvis, rac gamowveu-
lia SemTavazeblis an misi warmomadgenlis mier uxeSi gaufrTxileb-
lobiT valdebulebis darRvevis gamo.
zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebaze uaris Tqma winaswa-
ri SeTanxmebiT keTilsindisierebis principis sawinaaRmdegoa, vinai-
dan igi gaumarTlebel upiratesobas aniWebs valdebulebis damrRvev
mxares, amasTan, mniSvnelovan safrTxes uqmnis samoqalaqo brunvis
stabilurobasa da saxelSekrulebo wonasworobas.
ssk-is zogadi 410-e muxli zianis anazRaurebis samarTlebrivi
dacvis meqanizmis winaswari saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT an kanonis
safuZvelze SezRudvis SesaZleblobas ganamtkicebs. ssk-is
specialuri 395-e II muxlis safuZvelze ikrZaleba movalis mier mxo-
lod ganzraxi moqmedebiT valdebulebis darRvevisas pasuxismgeblo-
bisagan ganTavisufleba. ganzraxi darRvevisaTvis movalis pasuxis-
mgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba ewinaaRmdegeba
valdebulebis daurRvevlobis princips (Pacta Sunt Servanda), aseve mniS-
vnelovnad zrdis xelSekrulebis Seusruleblobis risks, riTac
safrTxe eqmneba mxareTa legitimuri interesebis samarTlian uzrun-
velyofas. aseve, ssk-is 348-e ,,v~ punqtis Tanaxmad, baTilia debuleba,
romelic gamoricxavs an zRudavs pasuxismgeblobas im zianisaTvis,
rac gamowveulia SemTavazeblis an misi warmomadgenlis mier uxeSi
gaufrTxileblobiT valdebulebis darRvevis gamo. msgavsi sakanon-
mdeblo danawesebiT samoqalaqo kodeqsi brunvis monawiles icavs
usamarTlo daTqmebisagan.985
mxareTa winaswari SeTanxmebis safuZvelze pasuxismgeblobis-
gan ganTavisuflebis sakiTxis metad saintereso gadawyvetas iTva-
liswinebs evropuli principebi. kerZod, 8:109-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sa-
xelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT SeiZleba SeizRudos an gamoiricxos mxa-
reTa pasuxismgebloba valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis, im piro-
biT, Tu amgvari saxelSekrulebo daTqma ar xelyofs keTilsindisie-
983 ix. The EC Directive on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts 93/13/EEC: L 95/29, (evrosabWos
direqtiva samomxmareblo xelSekrulebebSi arasamarTliani pirobebis Sesaxeb),
<http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/articles3/kaye3.rtf>.
984 pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis an SezRudvis Sesaxeb saxelSekrulebo
daTqmebis baTiloba gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is araerTi normiT, magaliTad, 497-e,
539-e, 697-e muxlebiT da sxva.
nawili, Tb., 2001, 460.
202
rebisa da gulisxmierebis principebs. pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavi-
suflebisaTvis aucilebelia, rom Tavad pirveladi valdebulebis
Sesruleba afuZnebdes mxareTaTvis uaryofiT samarTlebriv Sedegs
keTilsindisierebisa da samarTlianobis principis gaTvaliswinebiT.
erTi SexedviT, mxareTa SeTanxmebiT dadgenili pirobebi, rogorc
xelSekrulebis monawileTa urTierTmfaravi nebis gamoxatuleba, ar
SeiZleba iyos keTilsindisierebisa da gulisxmierebis principebis
sawinaaRmdego. magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxarem gacnobierebulad ga-
naxorciela xelSekrulebis pirobis ignorireba, Tundac kontrahen-
tisaTvis zianis miyenebis ganzraxvis gareSe, pasuxismgeblobis gamom-
ricxavi pirobac Zalas kargavs. misi gamoyeneba, miuxedavad mxareTa
SeTanxmebis arsebobisa, keTilsindisierebisa da gulisxmierebis prin-
cipebis sawinaaRmdegoa.986
am kuTxiT sayuradReboa evropuli principebis 1:201-e II muxli,
romelic dauSveblad miiCnevs keTilsindisierebis principis yovel-
gvar SezRudvas an gamoricxvas saxelSekrulebo SeTanxmebiT. aRniS-
nuli norma imperatiuli xasiaTisaa da saxelSekrulebo pirobiT
SezRudvas ar eqvemdebareba. xolo mxareTa SeTanxmeba, valdebulebis
gaufrTxileblobiT darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavi-
suflebis Taobaze, mniSvnelovnad ewinaaRmdegeba keTilsindisierebis
dacvis imperatiul wess, vinaidan amgvari saxelSekrulebo daTqmis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi valdebulebis Sesrulebisas mxarisagan mosa-
lodneli windaxedulebis xarisxi da keTilgonierebis standarti
mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba, rac zrdis gaufrTxileblobiT valdebule-
bis darRvevis risks. Tu xelSekrulebis monawile acnobierebs gauf-
rTxileblobisas pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis SesaZleb-
lobas, misi mxridan saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi aucilebeli gu-
lisxmierebis dacva naklebad mosalodnelia, rac valdebulebis ga-
ufrTxileblobiT darRvevis saSiSroebas afuZnebs, es ki mniSvne-
lovnad ewinaaRmdegeba Pacta Sunt Servanda-s fuZemdeblur princips, saf-
rTxes uqmnis kreditoris mimarT valdebulebis Sesrulebis legiti-
mur saxelSekrulebo interess da amiT mxareebs araTanabar pirobeb-
Si ayenebs. aRniSnuli TavisTavad keTilsindisierebis principis dar-
Rvevas gulisxmobs.
amdenad, mxareTa SeTanxmeba gaufrTxileblobisaTvis pasuxis-
mgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, keTilsindisierebis principis
gaTvaliswinebiT, dauSveblad unda iqnes miCneuli. mxareTa kanonieri
interesebisa da Tanasworuflebianobis dacvis mizniT samarTalSe-
fardebis doneze mkacrad unda gakontroldes pasuxismgeblobis ga-
momricxavi an SemzRudavi SeTanxmebebis moqmedeba.
986Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, part I and II, Kluwer Law International, The
203
A4. xelSekrulebidan gasvla
4.1. arsebiTi darRveva rogorc xelSekrulebidan gasvlis

uflebis winapiroba
xelSekrulebidan gasvla gulisxmobs xelSekrulebis gauqme-

bas calmxrivi miRebasavaldebulo nebis gamovleniT, romelic ar sa-
Wiroebs kontrahentis mier aqceptirebas. Secvlili garemoebiT war-
moSobili forsmaJoris SemTxvevaSi mxare uflebamosilia aamoqmedos
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis moTxovna, romelic moiazrebs Tavdapirve-
li Sesrulebis urTierTsanacvlo valdebulebebisgan mxareTa ganTa-
visuflebas.987 xolo droebiTi dabrkolebis pirobebSi SeuZlia Sea-
Ceros sanacvlo Sesrulebis ganxorcieleba.
Tu dabrkoleba mxolod xelSekrulebis nawilobriv Seusru-
leblobas iwvevs, maSin kreditors eniWeba arCevanis ufleba nawi-
lobrivi Sesrulebis miRebasa da xelSekrulebidan gasvlas Soris,
rameTu SesaZlebelia aRar arsebobdes kreditoris saxelSekrulebo
interesi nawilobriv SesrulebasTan mimarTebiT.988 xelSekrulebi-
dan nawilobriv gasvla dauSvebelia – Tu Sesrulebis interesi aRar
arsebobs, ganxorcieldeba gasvlis ufleba.989
xelSekrulebidan gasvla dasaSvebia valdebulebis rogorc
faqtobrivi, aseve mosalodneli darRvevis990 arsebobisas,991 rodesac
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi aRmocenebuli Secvlili garemoebebi
cxadyofs momavalSi valdebulebis darRvevis garduvalobas.
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis uflebis anali-
zisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes am uflebis gamoyenebis zogadi
safuZvlebi. kerZod, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis umTavres winapirobad
kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrulia valdebulebis darRveva, romelic
SeiZleba gamoixatos magaliTad, forsmaJoruli garemoebiT gamowveu-
li Sesrulebis SeuZleblobiT.

989 maWaraZe m., xelSekrulebidan gasvla da xelSekrulebis moSla – gansxvaveba da
samarTlebrivi Sedegebi (saqarTvelosa da germaniis samarTlis mixedviT), ,,qarTu-
li samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema, Tb., 2008, 130.
990 ix. ssk-is 405-e IV muxli. Zimmermann R., Roman Law, Contemporary Law, European Law, The
Civilian Tradition Today, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001 (reprinted, 2004), 138; Zharsky A.V.,
Correlation of the Legal Defence Remedies for the Breach of International Sales Contract, Law and
Democracy: Collected Scientific Articles, Vol. 10, 1999, 81-83, miTiTebulia: Seliazniova T., Prospective
Non-Performance or Anticipatory Breach of Contract (Comparision of the Belarusian Approach to CISG
Application and Foreign Legal Experience, J.L.&C.,Vol. 24, 2004, 116.
991 ix. evropuli principebis 1:303-e (4), 3:302-e da 8:105-e muxlebi.
204
iuridiul doqtrinaSi valdebulebis darRveva ganixileba ro-
gorc mowveva xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebaze.992 TiTqmis yvela
samarTlebrivi sistema xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobad arse-
biT Seusruleblobas acxadebs.993 amdenad, valdebulebis yovelgvari
Seusrulebloba ar uzrunvelyofs xelSekrulebidan gasvlis ufle-
bisadmi mxaris xelmisawvdomobas.994 ssk-is 405-e III ,,a~ muxliT, xel-
Sekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis gamoyenebis winapirobad arsebiTi xa-
siaTis, mniSvnelovani darRveva saxeldeba. kerZod, zemoxsenebuli
norma xelSekrulebidan gasvlas dauSveblad acxadebs valdebulebis
umniSvnelo darRvevis pirobebSi. aRniSnuli wesi exmianeba gsk-Si gan-
mtkicebuli fundamenturi darRvevis cnebas, rogorc xelSekrulebi-
dan gasvlis winapirobas. gsk-Si xelSekrulebidan gasvlisaTvis arse-
biTi darRvevis arsebobis moTxovna mxolod naklian SesrulebasTan
mimarTebiT aris dadgenili.995 fundamenturi darRvevis koncefcia um-
niSvnelovanesi niSansvetia,996 centraluri mniSvnelobisaa aseve, ve-
nis konvenciiT997 ganmtkicebuli meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis siste-
maSi,998 rameTu xelSekrulebaze uaris ufleba mxolod fundamenturi
darRvevis arsebobas ukavSirdeba.999
992 Smith S.A.,Contract Theory, McGill University, Oxford University Press, 2007, 373-374.
993 arsebiTi Seusruleblobis samarTlebrivi kategoria gansakuTrebiT aRiarebulia
angloamerikuli samarTlis sistemaSi – ix. “Substantial Failure” wignSi: Treitel G.H., The
Law of Contract, 9th ed., Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1995, 686-693.
994 Reimann M., Zimmermann R., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law, Oxford University Press,
USA, 2008, 924. ix. aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTs
palatis 2011 wlis 13 ivnisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-502-476-2011.
995 ix. gsk-is (German Civil Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesminister ium der Justiz, Juris GmbH,
Saarbrücken, 2005) §323 V. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba, ro-
gorc valdebulebis darRvevis erT-erTi saxe, TavisTavad arsebiT Seusruleblo-
bas gulisxmobs, rameTu srulad gamoiricxeba SeTanxmebuli SesrulebiT kredito-
ris uzrunvelyofa.
996 Graffi L., Case Law on the Concept of "Fundamental Breach" in the Vienna Sales Convention,
International Business Law Journal, No. 3, 2003 338, <http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/graffi.html>,

[10.07.2014].
997 ix. venis konvenciis 25-e muxli.
998 Koch R., Fundamental Breach: Commentary on Wether the UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts may be used to Interpret or Supplement Article 25 CISG, wignSi: Felemegas J. (ed.),
An International Approach to the Interpretation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods (1980) as Uniform Sales Law, Sydney, 2007, 125; Nicolas B., The Vienna
Convention on International Sales Law, L Quart. Rev., 105, 1989, 218,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/nicholas2.html>, [10.07.2014].
on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Special Issue, Vol. 30, University of Pittsburch, 2012, 224;
Lorenz A., Fundamental Breach under the CISG, Dinslaken, Germany/Canterbury, England,1998, 1-2, 4,
[10.07.2014].
205
valdebulebis arsebiTi Seusrulebloba xelSekrulebaze ua-
ris moTxovnis safuZvlad aris aseve dadgenili evropuli principe-
bisa1000 da unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis1001 mixedviT.
valdebulebis Seusrulebloba fundamentur darRvevad SesaZ-
lebelia iqnes ganxiluli, Tu valdebulebis Sinaarsis xelSekrule-
bis Sesatyvisi, mkacri Sesruleba xelSekrulebis mTavari arsi da mi-
zania da Seusrulebloba arsebiTad ukargavs mxares saxelSekrule-
bo molodins.1002 arsebiTia Seusrulebloba, romelic seriozulobis
gansazRvrul dones aRwevs da mniSvnelovnad xelyofs kreditoris
mosalodnel saxelSekrulebo interess. ramdenadac qarTuli kodeq-
si mniSvnelovani darRvevis Sefasebis araviTar obieqtur masStabs
ar ganamtkicebs, arsebiTi Seusruleblobis koncefcia mTlianad Se-
fasebiT da abstraqtul kategoriad rCeba.
evropuli principebi gansazRvravs arsebiTi Seusruleblobis
sam SemTxvevas, kerZod, valdebulebis darRveva arsebiTia Tu:
a) xelSekrulebis mkacri sizustiT Sesruleba mxareTa SeTan-
xmebuli piroba iyo;
b) Seusruleblobis Sedegad mxare sruliad kargavs mosalod-
nel saxelSekrulebo interess valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTier-
TobaSi, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac meore mxare ar iTvaliswineb-
da da arc SeeZlo gaeTvaliswinebina darRvevis mosalodneli samar-
Tlebrivi Sedegi;
g) valdebulebis darRveva mxaris ganzraxi moqmedebis Sede-
gia, ris gamoc kreditori ver daeyrdnoba movalis samomavlo Sesru-
lebas.
bralis kategoria zemoCamoTvlil TiToeul SemTxvevaSi gansa-
kuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens, rac arsebiTi darRvevis saxeebis cal-
calke analizis aucileblobas ganapirobebs:
a) Sesrulebis mkacri Sesabamisoba valdebulebis SinaarsTan.
iuridiul doqtrinaSi damkvidrebuli SexedulebiT, xelSekrulebi-
dan gasvlis uflebas ar afuZnebs valdebulebis umniSvnelo darRve-
va, rac aseve ganmtkicda sakanonmdeblo doneze.1003 valdebulebis
darRvevis arsebiToba damokidebulia ara mxolod darRvevis xasia-
Tis seriozulobasa da did mniSvnelobaze, aramed imaze, Tu ramde-
1000 ix. evropuli principebis 9:301-e da 8:103-e muxlebi. ix. aseve, Schmidt-Kessel M.
(Osnabrück), Remedies for Breach of Contract in European Private Law - Principles of European Contract
Law, Acquis Communautaire and Common und Frame of Reference, in Schulze R. (ed.), New Features in
Contract Law, Sellier, European Law Publishers, München, 2007, 189.
1001 ix. unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebis 7.3.1-e muxli. aseve, Koch R., “Fundamental
Breach”: Commentary on Wether the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts may be
used to Interpret or Supplement Article 25 CISG, wignSi: Felemegas J. (ed.), An International Approach to
the Interpretation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980)
as Uniform Sales Law, Sydney, 2007, 128.
1002 ix. evropuli principebis 8:103-e muxli.
1003 ix. ssk-is 405-e III ,,a~ muxli.
206
nad daukavSires mxareebma xelSekruleba mkacri sizustiT Sesrule-
bas. am SemTxvevaSi, bralisa da darRvevis xasiaTis miuxedavad, fuZ-
ndeba arsebiTi Seusrulebloba, rac uflebamosili mxarisaTvis xel-
misawvdoms xdis xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis ufle-
bis ganxorcielebas. valdebulebis mkacri Sesrulebis moTxovna Se-
iZleba warmoadgendes rogorc mxareTa SeTanxmebiT winaswar dadge-
nil, ise xelSekrulebis nagulisxmev pirobas. calkeul SemTxvevebSi
mkacri Sesrulebis moTxovnas TviT kanoni awesebs. magaliTad, saqon-
lis nasyidobis dros miwodebis adgilisa da drois zusti dacva
mxares mkacrad moeTxoveba.1004
b) valdebulebis Seusruleblobis samarTlebrivi Sedegebis
simZime. principebi darRvevis arsebiTad saxeldebisaTvis angariSs
uwevs xelSekrulebis mxaris bralsa da Seusruleblobis samarTleb-
rivi Sedegebis simZimes. Tu Sesruleba mniSvnelovnad xelyofs mxa-
ris saxelSekrulebo interess, maSin darRveva arsebiTad ganixileba
im SemTxvevis garda, Tu movale ar iTvaliswinebda da arc SeeZlo
gaeTvaliswinebina darRvevis mosalodneli samarTlebrivi Sedegebi.
movalis braleulobis gansazRvrisaTvis unda dadgindes, arsebuli
faqtobrivi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, obieqturi mesame pirisaT-
vis Tu ramdenad iqneboda darRvevis Sedegebi savaraudo. amrigad, mo-
cemul SemTxvevaSi movalis brali ganapirobebs arsebiTi darRvevis
arsebobas.
g) valdebulebis ganzraxi Seusrulebloba. im SemTxvevaSic
ki, rodesac mxaris saxelSekrulebo interesi sruliad ar ilaxeba
an darRveva umniSvneloa, valdebulebis Seusrulebloba SeiZleba
arsebiTad CaiTvalos, Tu movale ganzraxi braliT moqmedebda, ris
gamoc kreditori kargavs ndobas valdebulebis momavali Sesrule-
bis mimarT.1005
venis konvencia, braleulobis TvalsazrisiT, valdebulebis
arsebiTi darRvevis saintereso koncefcias ganamtkicebs. kerZod, 25-e
muxlis Tanaxmad, arsebiTi darRveva mniSvnelovnad xelyofs mxaris
legitimur saxelSekrulebo molodins, amasTan, valdebulebis dam-
rRvevma mxarem icoda da SeeZlo scodnoda misi qmedebis mosalodne-
li samarTlebrivi Sedegi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi darRveva arsebi-
Tad ar ganixileba.
SeTanxmeba arsebiT pirobebze mxareTa mier xelSekrulebis da-
debis etapze unda ganxorcieldes, raTa movalem gaacnobieros, Tu
romeli pirobebis darRvevam SeiZleba warmoSvas xelSekrulebaze ua-
ris samarTlebrivi safuZveli xelSekrulebis arsebiTi darRvevis sa-
xiT. Tu saxelSekrulebo piroba arsebiTad ar iyo daTqmuli mxareTa
1005 iqve, 365.
207
mier molaparakebis etapze, maSin misi Seusrulebloba fundamentur
darRvevad ar Seeracxeba movales, vinaidan mas araZiriTadi pirobis
daucveloba arsebiT darRvevad ar SeeZlo ganesazRvra xelSekrule-
bis SeTanxmebuli Sinaarsidan gamomdinare.
amrigad, xelSekrulebidan gasvla, venis konvenciis mixedviT,
dauSveblad cxaddeba, rodesac mxares ar SeeZlo gaeTvaliswinebina,
Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania konkretuli pirobis Sesruleba xelSek-
rulebis miznis gaTvaliswinebiT.
saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Seusrulebloba afuZnebs val-
debulebis darRvevis obieqtur kategorias, romlis safuZvelze aR-
mocendeba xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis ufleba, rac
braleuli darRvevis arsebobas winapirobad ar moiazrebs.1006
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis moTxovnis uzogadesi safuZvelia
gsk-is 323-e paragrafi, romelic kreditoris sasargeblod warmoSobs
xelSekrulebaze uaris uflebas movalis mier sanacvlo valdebule-
bis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom xelSekru-
lebidan gasvla iuridiul winapirobad bralis arsebobas ar moiaz-
rebs, gsk-is 324-e paragrafiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi xelSek-
rulebidan gasvla SefasebiT kategoriazea damokidebuli. kerZod,
ormxriv xelSekrulebaSi movalis mier kontrahentis interesebisa da
uflebebis dacvis valdebulebis (Schutzpflichten) darRvevisas kredi-
tors warmoeSoba xelSekrulebidan gasvlis ufleba, Tu aragonivru-
lia, mas dacvis valdebulebis darRvevis Sedegad moeTxovos xelSek-
rulebis ZalaSi datoveba. xelSekrulebidan gasvlis gonivruloba
ganisazRvreba imis safuZvelze, Tu ramdenad samarTliania, hqondes
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobas perspeqtiva keTilsindisierebisa da
interesTa balansis gaTvaliswinebiT.1007
amrigad, zogadi wesis safuZvelze xelSekrulebis mxaris bra-
leuloba xelSekrulebidan gasvlis aucilebel winapirobas ar
qmnis, magram gsk-is 324-e paragrafsa da ssk-is 405-e III(b) muxlSi gan-
mtkicebul SemTxvevaSi xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis warmoSo-
bis safuZveli SefasebiTad ganisazRvreba. evropuli principebsa da
nasyidobis konvenciaSic valdebulebis arsebiTi darRvevis gansazR-
vra mTlianad abstraqtul kategoriazea dafuZnebuli.
1007 ix. ssk-is 405-e III ,,b~ muxli.
208
4.2. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis
SeuZlebloba rogorc xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapiroba
Sesrulebis garTulebis pirobebSi xelSekrulebidan gasvlis

uflebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania ssk-is 398-e III
muxlis analizi: mxareebi jer unda Seecadon, rom xelSekruleba mi-
usadagon Secvlil garemoebebs. Tuki SeuZlebelia xelSekrulebis
misadageba an meore mxare amas ar eTanxmeba, maSin im mxares, romlis
interesebic dairRva, SeuZlia uari Tqvas xelSekrulebaze.1008
amrigad, mxareTa molaparakebis etapze Secvlili garemoebebi-
sadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis SeuZleblobisas ssk-is 398-e III mux-
li pirdapir iTvaliswinebs dazaralebuli mxaris mier xelSekrule-
bidan gasvlis uflebis gamoyenebas sasamarTlosadmi misadagebis
moTxovniT mimarTvis valdebulebis gareSe. aRniSnuli sakanonmdeb-
lo debuleba xarvezebiT xasiaTdeba, rameTu bundovania, rogor SeiZ-
leba Sefasdes Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis adaptaci-
is SeuZlebloba sasamarTlosgan an sxva obieqturi mesame pirisgan
damoukideblad. Tu aRniSnuli mxolod mxareTa molaparakebisa da
Sefasebis sagani gaxdeba, maSin adaptaciis SeuZlebloba subieqtur
Sexedulebebsa da mosazrebebze damyarebuli da amdenad, araobieqtu-
ri iqneba. miT ufro dauSvebelia, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis ufle-
biT piris aRWurva, romelic calmxrivad ar eTanxmeba Secvlili ga-
remoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis adaptacias. vinaidan Secvlili gare-
moebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba valdebulebis Sesrulebas
uzrunvelyofs da xelSekrulebis SenarCunebas emsaxureba, amitom mi-
si xelmisawvdomobisaTvis yvela samarTlebrivi saSualeba unda iq-
nes gamoyenebuli.1009 kerZod, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis moTxovna uki-
duresi RonisZiebis (ultima ratio) saxiT unda iqnes amoqmedebuli, rode-
sac xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis yvela samarTlebrivi gza amowuru-
lia.1010 kerZod, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis moTxovnis gamoyeneba un-
da daiSvebodes mxolod mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlo SeuZleblad mi-
iCnevs xelSekrulebis Secvlili garemoebebisadmi misadagebas da ara
1008 adaptaciis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis arse-

boba aseve gaziarebulia iuridiul doqtrinaSi. ix. vaSakiZe g., samoqalaqo kodeqsis
garTulebul valdebulebaTa sistema, GTZ, Tb., 2010, 172.
1009 magaliTad, nsk-is 256-e II muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba
obieqturd Sesrulebadia da saxeze ar aris mudmivi da droebiTi SeuZleblobis
SemTxveva, maSin xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis gamoyeneba dauSvebelia sanam
mxares gafrTxileba ar miecema SesrulebisaTvis gansazRvruli drois dawesebiT.
ix. New Netherlands Civil Code - Patrimonial Law, translated by Haanappel P.P.C., Mackaay E., Under the
Auspices of the Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands, Quebec Centre of Private and Comparative Law,
Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, Boston.
1010 Graffi L., Case Law on the Concept of “Fundamental Breach” in the Vienna Sales Convention, Int’l Bus.
L. J., International Business Law Journal, No. 3, 2003, 349 (Forum Europeén de la Communication) Paris,
<http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/graffi.html>, [10.07.2014].
209
im etapze, rodesac mxareebi ver SeaTanxmeben xelSekrulebis axali
garemoebebisadmi Seguebis pirobebs.
moyvanili poziciis sasargeblod unda iTqvas, rom vinaidan
xelSekrulebis misadagebis procesSi garkveuli saxis pirobebi ax-
leburad unda Camoyalibdes Secvlili faqtobrivi garemoebebis gaT-
valiswinebiT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebul unda iqnes ssk-is
325-e muxli: 1. Tu valdebulebis Sesrulebis pirobebi unda ganisazR-
vros xelSekrulebis erT-erTi mxaris an mesame piris mier, maSin sa-
eWvoobisas ivaraudeba, rom amgvari gansazRvra unda moxdes samar-
Tlianobis safuZvelze. 2. Tu mxare pirobebs ar miiCnevs samarTlia-
nad, an maTi gansazRvra Wianurdeba, gadawyvetilebas iRebs sasamar-
Tlo. Sesabamisad, Tu saxelSekrulebo molaparakebis etapze mxaree-
bi ver Tanxmdebian xelSekrulebis gadasinjvis pirobebze, xelSekru-
lebis SenarCunebis mizniT urTierTobaSi unda CaerTos sasamarTlo
an sxva obieqturi mesame piri, neitraluri mxare, romelic gonivru-
li gansjis safuZvelze obieqturad Seafasebs subieqtebis interesTa
Tanafardobas, ekvivalentobas da saxelSekrulebo pirobebis modifi-
cirebisas orientirebuli iqneba saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis aR-
dgenasa da xarjebis samarTlian gadanawilebaze.1011
xelSekrulebidan gasvlamde sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva uzrun-
velyofs valdebulebis Sesrulebis fuZemdebluri principis dacvas.
aRniSnuli sakiTxi mniSvnelovnad ukavSirdeba damatebiTi vadis kon-
cefcias valdebulebiT samarTalSi. valdebulebis darRvevis Sem-
dgom gamosayenebel meoradi moTxovnis uflebaTa regulirebisas an-
gloamerikuli da kontinenturevropuli sistema konceftualurad
gansxvavebul midgomas avlens: inglisuri samarTlebrivi mowesrige-
bis safuZvelia koncefcia imis Taobaze, rom xelSekrulebis darRve-
vis SemTxvevaSi mxareebma SesaZloa, ,,miatovon xelSekruleba~ da
sxvagvarad eZion kuTvnili dakmayofileba, maSin rodesac germanuli
samarTlebrivi damokidebulebis idea sapirispiroa. kerZod, vidre
mxareebi saxelSekrulebo urTierTobas sxvagvar samarTlebriv re-
Jims ganusazRvravdnen, isini erTxel mainc unda Seecadon, gadaarCi-
non xelSekruleba.1012 amitomacaa, rom movalisaTvis damatebiTi vadis
micema valdebulebis darRvevis samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis udavo
laitmotivia kontinentur da, gansakuTrebiT, germanul samarTal-
Si.1013 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebiT1014 ssk-is 405-e
1011 Flambouras D., Comparative Remarks on CISG Article 79 & PECL Articles 6:111, 8:108, May, 2002,
<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/text/peclcomp79.html>, [15.07.2014].
1012 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT dawvrilebiT ixileT zoiZe b., evropuli ker-
Zo samarTlis recefcia saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
TinaTin wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da samarTlis instituti, kerZo
samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2005, 299-305.
ed., Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2006, 380-381, miTiTebulia: fifia a., xelSek-
210
I muxliT gansazRvruli damatebiTi vadis mizania movalisaTvis xe-
lis Sewyoba, raTa man SeZlos darRveuli urTierTobis gamosworeba.
germanuli samarTlis msgavsad, kontinenturi evropis samar-
Tlis sistemis qveynebSi Sesrulebis moTxovnis ufleba farTodaa
aRiarebuli da, magaliTad, fsk-is 1184-e II da isk-is 1453-e muxlebis Se-
sabamisad, kreditori, romlis mimarTac movale ar Seasrulebs val-
debulebas, uflebamosilia, moiTxovos ara mxolod xelSekrulebi-
dan gasvla da zianis anazRaureba, aramed agreTve valdebulebis
Sesruleba, Tu aRniSnuli jer kidev SesaZlebelia. saerTo samar-
Tlis sistemaSi ki sxvagvaradaa sakiTxi danaxuli – Tu xelSekrule-
biT SeTanxmebuli valdebuleba ar Sesrulda, mxare SezRudulia im
TvalsazrisiT, rom mas xelSekrulebis darRvevis gamo zianis anazR-
aurebis, da ara Sesrulebis, moTxovna SeuZlia.1015
kontinenturi evropis qveynebis kanonmdebloba tradiciulad
gamodis iqedan, rom valdebulebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi kre-
ditoris ZiriTadi uflebaa, moiTxovos movalisagan valdebulebis re-
aluri (naturiT) Sesruleba.1016 angloamerikuli samarTali agebulia
valdebulebis Sinaarsis sxvagvar samarTlebriv gagebaze: zogadi we-
sis saxiT dadgenilia, rom movalis mier saxelSekrulebo valdebule-
bis darRvevisas, kreditors SeuZlia moiTxovos movalisagan mxolod
fuladi kompensacia.1017
germaniis valdebulebiTi samarTlis reformis Sedegad dam-
kvidrda midgoma, romelic erTsa da imave dros icavs braleuli pa-
suxismgeblobis princips zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebasTan
mimarTebiT da, amasTanave, aRiarebs naturiT Sesrulebis (performance
in specie) moTxovnis primats.1018 am ori niSandoblivi elementis kombi-
nacia germanul samarTals doqtrinul doneze angloamerikuli sis-
temisagan diametrulad gansxvavebul poziciaSi ayenebs.1019
rulebidan gasvlis kontinenturevropuli da angloamerikuli samarTlebrivi

mowesrigebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da maTi gavlena qarTul samarTalze, Jurn.
1014 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTs palatis 2011 wlis 13
ivnisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-502-476-2011.
1015 Zweigert K., Kötz H., Einführung in die Rechtsvergleichung: auf dem Gebiet des Privatrechts, 3. Aufl.,
1996, 469, 477, miTiTebulia: CaCava s., myidvelis meoradi uflebebis SedarebiTsa-
marTlebrivi analizi, Jurn. `qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema,
Tb., 2004, 36.
1016 ZlieriSvilis z., valdebulebis Sesruleba, Tb., 2006, 76.
1017 iqve.

1019 iqve.
211
rogorc kontinenturi samarTlis Semadgeneli nawili qarTu-
li samoqalaqo kodeqsi Sesrulebaze orientirebuli aqtia.1020 valde-
bulebiTi samarTlis zogadi nawili Semdegi sakanonmdeblo debule-
bebiT iwyeba: 1. yoveli Sesruleba gulisxmobs valdebulebis arsebo-
bas. 2. valdebuleba unda Sesruldes jerovnad, keTilsindisierad,
daTqmul drosa da adgilas.1021 kodeqsis mTeli organizmi, rogorc
zogadi, ise kerZo nawili, Sesrulebis meqanizmebzea agebuli. pasuxis-
mgebloba misTvis yvelaze ukiduresi RonisZiebaa da vidre misi gamo-
yeneba moxdebodes, manam darRveuli valdebulebis gajansaRebis Sansi
eZlevaT mxareebs. mTavaria Sesruleba da ara pasuxismgebloba.1022
kodeqsiT ganmtkicebuli meqanizmebi umTavresad da upirvele-
sad valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofas emsaxureba. xelSekru-
leba arc xelwamosakravi sikeTea da arc vinmes damonebis saSualeba.
xelSekruleba hgavs im mSvenier sasaxles, sadac Sesvla Tavisufali-
a, xolo gamosvla Znelia... kodeqsis normebi isea mowyobili, rom igi
erTmaneTze ,,gabutul mxareebs~ xelSekrulebis Sewyvetisken ki ar
mouwodebs, aramed misi SenarCunebaSesrulebisken ubiZgebs.1023
Sesrulebis prioritetulobaze metyvelebs is faqtic, rom ssk
valdebulebis darRvevis safuZvelze aRmocenebul meoradi moTxov-
nis uflebaTa katalogSi upiratesad gamosayenebel samarTlebrivi
dacvis saSualebad damatebiT Sesrulebas iTvaliswinebs. kerZod,
ssk-is 405-e I muxli, romelic xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapiro-
bebs gansazRvravs, xelSekrulebaze uaris uflebas SesrulebisaTvis
damatebiT gansazRvruli vadis uSedegod gasvlas ukavSirebs. amave
principiT, ssk-is 399-e II muxlis ZaliT, Tu valdebulebaTa darRvevaa
xelSekrulebis moSlis safuZveli, aRniSnuli dasaSvebia mxolod
naklovanebaTa aRmofxvrisaTvis dadgenili vadis uSedegod gasvlis
an uSedego gafrTxilebis Semdeg.
damatebiTi vada winapirobad aris gansazRvruli zianis anazR-
aurebis moTxovnis uflebis mimarTac ssk-is 394-e muxlSi, romelic
garkveul winaaRmdegobriv regulirebas avlens. msjelobis miznis-
Tvis mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo debulebis formuli-
rebis moyvana: movalis mier vadis gadacilebisas kreditors SeuZlia
dauniSnos movales valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli dro.
Tuki movale am droSic ar Seasrulebs valdebulebas, maSin kredi-
1021 Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j. (red.), saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, Tb., 2001, 267-359.
1022 zarandia T., saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgili da vadebi
(sakandidato disertaciis avtoreferati), Tb., 2002, 3.
instituti, kerZo samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2005, 286-287.
212
tors ufleba aqvs valdebulebis Sesrulebis nacvlad moiTxovos
zianis anazRaureba. muxlis Sinaarsidan, marTalia, erTi SexedviT,
damatebiTi vadis daweseba kreditoris uflebad vlindeba, Tumca ssk-
is 394-e III muxlis gaTvaliswinebiT, eWvgareSea, rom ssk-is 394-e II
muxli damatebiTi vadis dawesebis savaldebulo wess ganamtkicebs.
kerZod, damatebiTi vadis gansazRvra ar aris saWiro, Tu aSkaraa,
rom mas raime Sedegi ar mohyveba, an roca arsebobs gansakuTrebuli
garemoebebi, romlebic orive mxaris interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT
amarTleben zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis dauyovnebliv gamoyenebas
(ssk-is 394-e III). moyvanili normebis urTierTkavSirSi ganxilvis sa-
fuZvelze SesaZlebelia Semdegi daskvnis gakeTeba: Tu ssk-is 394-e III
muxli CamoTvlis damatebiTi vadis gansazRvris sagamonakliso Sem-
Txvevebs, rodesac àr aris saWiro~ damatebiTi vadis daweseba, logi-
kurad ssk-is 394-e II muxli gulisxmobs, rom yvela sxva, III nawiliT
gauTvaliswinebel SemTxvevebSi, damatebiTi vadis dadgena savaldebu-
loa. am sakiTxis regulirebisas saqarTveloc germanuli samarTlis
gzas gahyva.1024
zemoaRniSnuli kidev erTxel amtkicebs, rom TuU kanonmdeb-
loba xelSekrulebaze uaris uflebisadmi xelmisawvdomobas, pativ-
sadeb safuZvelTan erTad, ukavSirebs SesrulebisaTvis gansazRvru-
li damatebiTi vadis uSedegod gasvlas, Secvlili garemoebebis ar-
sebobisas, isev valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzenaesobis principis uz-
runvelsayofad, saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis xelSekrulebidan
gasvlis samarTlebriv reJimSi transformirebisTvis, winapirobad un-
da ganisazRvros sasamarTlosadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis moTx-
ovniT mxareTa mimarTvis valdebuleba da sasamarTlos mier xelSek-
rulebis adaptaciis SeuZleblad gamocxadeba.
mxolod zemoganxilul samarTlebriv winapirobaTa Semadgenlo-
bis arsebobisas SesaZlebelia amoqmeddes xelSekrulebidan gasvla,
rogorc dazaralebuli mxaris umniSvnelovanesi samarTlebrivi dacvis
saSualeba, romelic xorcieldeba zogadi wesis Sesabamisad.
amrigad, ssk-is 352-e da 405-e muxlebi erTad, xelSekrulebaze
uaris Tqmis samarTlebriv safuZvels qmnis. ssk-is 352-e muxli adgens
im samarTlebriv Sedegs, romelic ssk-is 405-e muxlSi mocemuli
winapirobebis arsebobas ukavSirdeba.1025
germanul samarTalTan fundamenturi kavSirze metyvelebs is
faqtic, rom gsk-Si, qarTuli samarTlis msgavsad, gsk-is 323-e paragrafi
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobebs adgens, xolo 346-e paragrafi
1024 gsk-is 323-e I paragrafi xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobad gansazRvravs

damatebiTi vadis dawesebis Sesaxeb moTxovnis dacvas da ara mxaris arsebiTi
danakargis arsebobas.
1025 mariamiZe g., valdebulebiTi samarTali, me-2 nawili, Tb., 2011, 108.
213
am uflebis ganxorcielebis Sedegebs gansazRvravs.1026 aRniSnuli
muxlebi germanul samarTalSi fundamenturi reformis Sedegad
ganmtkicda.1027 am uflebis realizebis SemTxvevaSi samarTlebriv Se-
degs gansazRvravs da Sesabamis, xelSekrulebis dadebamde arsebuli
pirvandeli mdgomareobis aRdgenis moTxovnas afuZnebs ssk-is 352-e mux-
li ssk-is 398-e muxlTan urTierTkavSirSi.1028
4.3. xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmis dauSvebloba
kanonmdebloba ganamtkicebs SemTxvevebs, rodesac xelSekru-

lebidan gasvlis winapiroba valdebulebis darRvevis saxiT arse-
bobs, magram xelSekrulebidan gasvla dauSveblad cxaddeba garkve-
ul garemoebebze dayrdnobiT.
Tu movalis braleuli darRveva xelSekrulebidan gasvlis
uflebis warmoSobisaTvis aucilebel safuZvels ar qmnis, Tavad kre-
ditoris brali valdebulebis darRvevis gamomwvevi Secvlili gare-
moebis aRmocenebis mimarTYiuridiul mniSvnelobas iZens imdenad,
rom gansazRvravs xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebis arsebobasac.
Tu kreditori arakeTilsindisieria saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis
mimarT, misi aragulisxmieri qceva gamoricxavs xelSekrulebidan
gasvlis uflebis ganxorcielebas. amrigad, kreditoris arabraleu-
loba da keTilsindisiereba, movalis mier valdebulebis darRvevas-
Tan erTad, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uzogades winapirobad unda iq-
nes miCneuli.
ssk-is 405-e III `g~ muxlis Tanaxmad, kreditori moklebulia
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebamosilebas, Tuki valdebulebis
darRvevisaTvis umTavresad an mTlianad TviTon aris pasuxismgebe-
li.1029 SesaZlebelia, valdebulebis Seusrulebloba movalisa da
kreditoris erToblivi braliT iyos gamowveuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi
unda Sefasdes TiToeuli mxaris braleulobis xarisxi da Sesabami-
sad gadawydes pasuxismgeblobisa da xelSekrulebidan gasvlis sa-
kiTxi.
gsk-is 323-e VI paragrafis ZaliT, xelSekrulebidan gasvla da-
uSveblad cxaddeba, Tu valdebulebis darRveva, romelic movalis
braleuli qmedebiT ar aris gamowveuli (magaliTad, Sesrulebis
1026 bzekalava e., momxmarebelTa uflebebi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis

mixedviT, statiaTa krebulSi: gegenava d. (red.), lado Wanturia 50, saiubileo
gamocema, daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2013, 78.
1027 iqve, 79.
1028 CaCava s., moTxovnebis da moTxovnis safuZvlebis konkurencia kerZo samarTalSi,
sadisertacio naSromi, Tb., 2010, 70, <http://www.law.tsu.edu.ge/files/ disertacia_Sofio_ chachava.pdf>,

[10.07.2014].
1029 Aamave Sinaarsis normas ganamtkicebs evropuli principebis 9:301-e I, 9:102-e II mux-
lebi.
214
arabraleuli SeuZlebloba), kreditoris mier vadis gadacilebis
procesSi fuZndeba. amrigad, xelSekrulebidan gasvlis ufleba imTa-
viTve gulisxmobs kreditoris mier xelSekrulebisadmi yovelmxriv
erTgulebas (vertragtreu).1030
4.4. Semxvedri valdebulebis Sesrulebisagan ganTavisuflebisa da

braleulobis urTierTmimarTeba xelSekrulebidan gasvlisas
uflebamosil mxares xelSekrulebidan gasvlis gancxadebis

Semdgom warmoeSoba miRebuli Sesrulebisa da sargeblis ukan dab-
runebis movaleoba.1031 am moTxovnas gsk-is 346-e I paragrafi awesebs
da misi darRveva zianis anazRaurebis uflebis warmoSobis safuZve-
lia.
xelSekrulebidan gasvlisas mxareebma ganxorcielebuli Ses-
ruleba erTmaneTs unda daubrunon. gsk-is 346-e II (2)(3) paragrafis
Tanaxmad, movalis mier miRebuli qonebis gamoyenebis, gasxvisebis,
uflebrivad datvirTvis, gadamuSavebis an gadakeTebis, aseve qonebis
gafuWebis an ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi, miRebuli sikeTis naturiT
dabrunebis nacvlad, movales warmoeSoba fuladi kompensaciis val-
debuleba. gsk-is 346-e II (2)(3) paragrafis Sinaarsidan vlindeba, rom
fuladi anazRaurebis valdebuleba warmoiSoba, miuxedavad imisa,
Sesrulebis naturiT dabruneba valdebuli piris braliT Tu misi
bralisgan damoukideblad gaxda SeuZlebeli. kerZod, gsk-is 346-e II
(2) paragrafiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi saubaria movalis mier
Sesrulebis sagnis sakuTari nebiT, Sesabamisad braleuli qmedebiT,
gamoyenebaze, gasxvisebaze, uflebrivad datvirTvaze, gadamuSavebasa
an gadakeTebaze. xolo gsk-is 346-e II (3) paragrafis ZaliT, kompensa-
ciis valdebuleba arsebobs im SemTxvevaSic, Tu xelSekrulebis sa-
gani, movalis bralis miuxedavad, fuWdeba an iRupeba. is faqti, rom
movalis mier fuladi anazRaurebis valdebuleba fuZndeba, miuxeda-
vad misi bralisa Sesrulebis sagnis naturiT dabrunebis SeuZleb-
loblobis mimarT, ganpirobebulia imiT, rom valdebulebis darRveva
movalis mier ganxorcielda, Sesabamisad, mas braleulobisagan damo-
ukideblad ekisreba fuladi anazRaurebis valdebuleba xelSekrule-
bis sagnis dabrunebis sanacvlod.
gsk-is 346-e III (1) paragrafis Tanaxmad, ar arsebobs fuladi
anazRaurebis valdebuleba, Tu sagnis is nakli, romelic xelSekru-
lebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvelia, misi gadamuSavebis an gadakeTebis
dros gamovlinda. aRniSnuli paragrafi aregulirebs SemTxvevas, ro-
Tebervlis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-1015-1287-09.
215
desac xelSekrulebidan gasvlis safuZveli aRmocenda qonebis kre-
ditorisaTvis gadacemis Semdeg. valdebulebis darRveva nakliani
nivTis miwodebiT gamoixata, Sesabamisad, braleulobis miuxedavad,
movalis, rogorc valdebulebis damrRvevi mxaris, sasargeblod kre-
ditors kompensaciis valdebuleba ar warmoeSoba.
gsk-is 346-e III (2) paragrafSi gamoiyofa ori SemTxveva, rode-
sac gamoricxulia fuladi anazRaurebis valdebuleba: 1) kreditors
miuZRvis brali im qonebis gafuWebasa Tu ganadgurebaSi, romlis kom-
pensaciasac iTxovs; 2) kreditoris xelSi ziani, misi braleulobis
miuxedavad, mainc dadgeboda. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi fuladi
anazRaurebis valdebulebas gamoricxavs is principi, rom qonebis
SemTxveviTi daRupvisa Tu ganadgurebis riski xelSekrulebis im mo-
nawiles akisria, romlis faqtobriv gamgeblobasa da gankargulebaSi
aris xelSekrulebis sagani moqceuli.
gsk-is 346-e III (3) paragrafi awesrigebs kidev erT SemTxvevas,
rodesac movales ar warmoeSoba fuladi anazRaurebis valdebuleba,
kerZod, Tu qoneba gafuWda an ganadgurda uflebamosil pirTan, miu-
xedavad imisa, rom igi iseve eqceoda qonebas, rogorc sakuTars. am
dros qonebis SemTxveviTi daRupvisa da ganadgurebis riski valdebu-
lebis damrRvev mxarezea da ara kreditorze, romlis gankarguleba-
Sic qoneba imyofeba.
zemoaRniSnul SemTxvevaSi, valdebulebis darRvevis ZaliT Se-
mTxveviTi daRupvis riski kreditoridan movaleze gadainacvlebs. ma-
galiTad, qonebis nasyidobis SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamyidvelis darRvevis
gamo myidvelma moiTxova xelSekrulebidan gasvla, es ukanaskneli
uflebamosili iqneba, miiRos miRebuli qonebis saxelSekrulebo fa-
si gamyidvelisagan im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu qoneba mis xelSi daiRupe-
ba. magram amisTvis aucilebelia, kreditori iseTive gulisxmierebiT
eqceodes qonebas, rogorc sakuTars.1032 gsk-is 277-e paragrafis Tanax-
mad, Tu mxares pasuxismgebloba unda daekisros im windaxedulebisa
da sifrTxilis mixedviT, romelsac, Cveulebriv, sakuTari saqmeebis
mimarT avlens, maSin igi ar SeiZleba ganTavisufldes uxeSi gauf-
rTxileblobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan. zemoaRniSnul SemTxvevaSi
kreditori martivi gaufrTxileblobisaTvis ganTavisufldeba kompen-
saciis valdebulebisagan, Tu daamtkicebs, rom sakuTari saqmeebis mi-
marTac iseTive gulgrilobiT moqmedebs, rogorc mocemul konkre-
tul urTierTobaSi. ,,qonebiT saTanado sargebloba, rogorc aseTi,
ar gulisxmobs uxeSi gaufrTxileblobis arsebobas. Tu xelSekrule-
bis sagnis saTanado gamoyenebis Sedegad qoneba ganadgurda an dazi-
anda, maSin gsk-is 346-e III (3) paragrafiT ganmtkicebuli privilegia
kreditoris mimarT [fuladi kompensaciisagan ganTavisufleba] sruli
216
ZaliT moqmedebs.~1033 miuxedavad imisa, rom ganxilul SemTxvevaSi qo-
neba kreditoris gavlenisa da kontrolis sferoSia moqceuli, riski
mainc valdebulebis damrRvev mxareze gadainacvlebs, vinaidan xel-
Sekrulebidan gasvlis safuZvels movalis mier valdebulebis Seus-
rulebloba qmnis.1034
kreditoris ganTavisufleba qonebis kompensaciis valdebule-
bisagan keTilsindisierebis dacviTaa ganpirobebuli. Tu kreditori
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Semdgom daazianebs
misTvis nasyidobis safuZvelze gadacemul qonebas, maSin mas yovel-
gvari bralisaTvis daekisreba pasuxismgebloba. martivi gaufrTxi-
leblobis SemTxvevaSic myidveli valdebulia, daubrunos gamyidvels
qoneba sawyis mdgomareobaSi (amasTan, normaluri sargeblobiT ga-
mowveuli cveTa mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba), an gadasces ekvivalenturi
fuladi kompensacia. kreditors pasuxismgebloba aRar daekisreba
iseTi windaxedulebisaTvis, rogorsac sakuTari saqmeebis mimarT av-
lens, aramed ganzraxvisa da nebismieri formis gaufrTxileblobi-
saTvis. rac Seexeba sagnis SemTxveviTi daRupvisa da ganadgurebis
risks, igi kvlav valdebulebis damrRvev (am SemTxvevaSi – gamyidve-
lis) mxarezea.1035 movalis mier valdebulebis braleuli darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi ssk-is 407-e muxli iTvaliswinebs zianis anazRaurebis
moTxovnis uflebas kreditoris mier xelSekrulebidan gasvlisas.
ssk-is 394-e muxli am SemTxvevisaTvis zogadi Sinaarsisaa, radgan ssk-
is 407-e muxli specialuri normis saxiT gamoiyeneba valdebulebaze
uaris Tqmis pirobebSi 405-e muxlTan kombinaciiT.
1034 Zimmermann R., The Law of Obligations - Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition, CapeTown,
1990, 330, miTiTebulia: Markesinis S.B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A
Comparative Treatise, 2nd ed., Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2006, 435.
217
VIII. Secvlili garemoebebiT gamowveuli valdebulebis darRvevis
saxeebi da maTi mimarTeba meoradi moTxovnis uflebebTan
1. valdebulebis Sesrulebis interesi saxelSekrulebo

urTierTobaSi
valdebulebis Sesrulebis legitimuri saxelSekrulebo inte-

resi, samarTlebrivi dacvis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebuli sikeTea
nebismieri samarTlis sistemaSi. iuridiul doqtrinaSi damkvidrebu-
li termini _ ,,Sesrulebis interesi~ fridmanis statiidan1036 iRebs
saTaves, sadac ganmartebulia, rom xelSekrulebis arsi misi Sesru-
lebaa, SeTanxmebis erTaderTi safuZveli misi aRsrulebaa. mxare,
romelic erTveba valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTierTobaSi, dainte-
resebulia miiRos is, rasac meore mxare xelSekrulebis safuZvelze
sTavazobs. amitom kreditori mniSvnelovnad did Rirebulebas ani-
Webs movalis Sesrulebas, vidre im xarjebsa da Zalisxmevas, romlis
gaRebac mouwevs Sesrulebis miRebis sanacvlod. SeTanxmebuli Ses-
rulebis drouli miRebis interesi erTaderTi saxelSekrulebo
molodinia mxarisaTvis, romelic saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis
miznad ganixileba.1037 ,,Sesrulebis interesi~ xSirad ,,mosalodneli
interesis~1038 sinonimad gamoiyeneba.1039
calkeuli avtori ufro farTod ganmartavs ,,Sesrulebis in-
teress~ da am cnebaSi aseve ,,kompensaciis interessac~ moiazrebs,
rac saxelSekrulebo sargeblis miRebasTan erTad, valdebulebis
darRveviT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebasac gulisxmobs.1040 aRniS-
nul SemTxvevaSi mxaris saxelSekrulebo interesi valdebulebiTsa-
marTlebriv urTierTobaSi pirveladi da meoradi moTxovnis uflebe-
bis ganxorcielebis interess moicavs.
valdebulebis Seusrulebloba samoqalaqo brunvisTvis dama-
xasiaTebeli Cveuli riski da Tanamdevi movlenaa. Tu Secvlili ga-
remoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba ver ganxorcieldeba da
1036 Friedmann D., Performance Interest in Contract Damages, Law Quart. Rev., Vol. 111, 1995, 628.
1037 Williston S., Lord R.A., A Treatise on the Law of Contracts. Thomson/West: Rochester, New York,
§77:10, 1990, 306.
1039 Rowan S., Remedies for Breach of Contract (A comparative Analysis of the Protection of Performance),
Oxford University Press, New York, 2012, 1-2; Kreitner D., Multiplicity in Contract Remedies,
miTiTebulia: Cohen N., McKendrick E. (eds.), Comparative Remedies for Breach of Contract, Hart Pub-
lishing, Portland, Oregon, 2005, 23.
1040 Rowan S., Remedies for Breach of Contract (A Comparative Analysis of the Protection of Performance),
Oxford University Press, New York, 2012, 2.
218
amasTan, saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis aRsruleba SeuZlebelia
Tavdapirveli SinaarsiT, maSin pirveladi saxelSekrulebo valdebu-
lebis darRvevis safuZvelze urTierToba transformirdeba meoradi
moTxovnis uflebebis samarTlebriv reJimSi, romlis farglebSic ka-
nonmdeblobiT ganmtkicebuli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis ga-
moyenebiT xorcieldeba darRveuli saxelSekrulebo interesis aR-
dgena-kompensireba.
momdevno TavebSi Secvlili garemoebebiT dafuZnebuli valde-
bulebis darRveva da masTan dakavSirebuli meoradi moTxovnis uf-
lebebis sistema urTierTkavSirSi iqneba ganxiluli.
2. valdebulebis darRvevis unificirebuli kategoria rogorc

meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis gamoyenebis winapiroba
qarTul samarTlebriv sivrceSi ar arsebobs valdebulebis

darRvevis erTiani koncefcia. ssk ar iTvaliswinebs darRvevis cal-
keuli saxis srulyofil regulirebas. magaliTad, nakliani Sesru-
lebis, rogorc erT-erTi saxis valdebulebis darRvevis da masTan
dakavSirebuli meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis maregulirebeli dana-
wesebi calkeuli tipis xelSekrulebebis (nasyidoba, nardoba, qirav-
noba da a.S.) momwesrigebel normebSia gabneuli da ar aris
valdebulebiTi samarTlis zogadi nawilis kuTvnileba,1041 romlebic
Tanabrad gamosayenebeli iqneboda sxvadasxva tipis xelSekrulebis
mimarT. mxolod movalis mier vadis gadacilebaa calke reglamentaci-
is sagani, xolo misTvis gankuTvnil TavSi Sesrulebis SeuZleblobas
erTaderTi muxli aqvs daTmobili, romelic aseve xarvezuli reguli-
rebiT xasiaTdeba. da bolos, gulisxmierebis valdebulebis
darRvevis, rogorc Seusruleblobis erT-erTi saxis, arseboba
qarTul samoqalaqo samarTalSi pirdapir ar ikveTeba, aramed ssk-is
Sesabamisi normebis interpretaciiT dgindeba.1042
qarTuli samarTlis mier valdebulebis darRvevis sistemis
xarvezuli mowesrigeba naTlad warmoCindeba germanul da unifici-
rebul samarTalTan aRniSnuli sakiTxis SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi
analizis safuZvelze:
germaniaSi 2002 wels ganxorcielebuli valdebulebiTi samar-
Tlis reforma, romelic germanuli kodifikaciis miRebis dRidan
yvelaze fundamentur reformad iTvleba,1043 valdebulebis darRvevi-
sa da meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis erTiani koncefciis gansazRvris
TvalsazrisiTac iyo mniSvnelovani.
1041 valdebulebis Sesrulebis xarisxis momwesrigebeli ssk-is 380-e muxli rom ar

CaiTvalos valdebulebiTi samarTlis zogadi nawilidan.
1042 ssk-is 405-e III ,,b~ da 316-e II muxlebi.
Conferenze e Seminari 48, Roma, 2002, 1.
219
reformamdeli regulirebisgan gansxvavebiT, valdebulebis yo-
velgvari Seusrulebloba gaerTianda saerTo cnebaSi – valdebulebis
darRveva (Pflichtverletzung), romelmac moicva oTxi saxis Seusrulebloba:
1) movalis mier vadis gadacileba; 2) valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZ-
lebloba; 3) nakliani Sesruleba; 4) xelSekrulebis aRsrulebis mizniT
Tanaqmedebis valdebulebis darRveva.1044
reformis Semdeg damkvidrda valdebulebis darRvevis erTiani
cneba 1045 da uari iTqva bralze, rogorc xelSekrulebidan gasvlis
aucilebel winapirobaze. Tumca reformis komisiam ucvlelad Sei-
narCuna braleuloba zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis safuZvlad.1046
zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebam sruli transformacia gani-
cada.1047 valdebulebis darRvevis Semdgom aRmocenebul samarTlebri-
vi dacvis saSualebebs Soris erTianobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, zi-
anis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebis gamoyenebis winapirobebi, erTi
mniSvnelovani gamonaklisis – bralis garda, SesabamisobaSi iqna moy-
vanili xelSekrulebaze uaris Tqmisa da fasis Semcirebis meoradi
moTxovnis uflebis winapirobebTan.1048
reformis Semdgom damkvidrda midgoma, romelic erTsa da ima-
ve dros icavs braleuli pasuxismgeblobis princips zianis anazRau-
rebis moTxovnis uflebasTan mimarTebiT da, amasTanave, aRiarebs na-
turiT Sesrulebis (performance in specie) moTxovnis primats.1049 am ori
niSandoblivi elementis kombinacia germanul samarTals doqtrinul
doneze angloamerikuli sistemisagan diametrulad gansxvavebul po-
ziciaSi ayenebs.1050 qarTuli samarTalic aRniSnul sakiTxSi
germanuli samarTlis moziarea.
amJamad, valdebulebis Sesrulebis dabrkoleba (LeistungsstSrun-
gen) gsk-Si saerTo samarTlis sistemisaTvis cnobili kategoriis –
valdebulebis darRvevis (Breach of Contract) sinonimuri mniSvnelobiT
gamoiyeneba. igi aerTianebs valdebulebis Seusruleblobis yvela sa-
xes valdebulebis darRvevaTa erTian sistemaSi da moicavs yvela cno-
bil da SesaZlo gadaxvevas pirveladi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis
1044 msgavsad, evropuli principebi ganamtkicebs valdebulebis darRvevis erTian

koncefcias, romelic aerTianebs braleuli da arabraleuli Sesrulebis SeuZ-
leblobis, vadis gadacilebis, nakliani Sesrulebisa da valdebulebis ganxorci-
elebisaTvis aucilebeli Tanaqmedebis valdebulebis darRvevis saxeebs.
ix. evropuli principebis 1.301-e IV muxli.
1045 Löwisch M., New Law of Obligations in Germany, Ritsumeikan Law Review, Vol. 20, 2003, 144,
<http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/law/lex/rlr20/Manfred141.pdf>, [21.07.2014].
Conferenze e Seminari 48, Roma, 2002, 7-8.


1048 iqve.
1049 iqve.
1050 iqve.
220
reJimidan.1051 valdebulebis darRveva germanul samarTalSi ganimarteba
rogorc xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sesrulebis ganuxorcie-
lebloba mTlianad an nawilobriv.1052 Sesabamisad, valdebulebis dar-
Rvevis arseboba dgindeba obieqturi kriteriumis safuZvelze – darRve-
va saxezea im SemTxvevaSi, Tu xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis
Seusrulebloba, rogorc obieqturi faqti, dadasturdeba. reformamde-
li fragmentuli mowesrigebisagan gansxvavebiT, moqmedi regulirebis
sistema gacilebiT zustia da kanonmdeblis mizani ramdenime muxlis
kombinaciiT miiRweva.
valdebulebis darRvevis erTian koncefcias ganamtkicebs ev-
ropuli principebic, romelic aerTianebs Sesrulebis braleuli da
arabraleuli SeuZleblobis, vadis gadacilebis, nakliani Sesrule-
bisa da valdebulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli Tanaqmede-
bis valdebulebis darRvevis saxeebs.1053 rac mTavaria, msgavsad
germanuli samarTlisa, darRvevis dafuZnebisaTvis braleuli Seus-
rulebloba winapiroba ar aris.
samarTlebrivi gansazRvrulobisaTvis mniSvnelovania ssk-ma
detalurad moawesrigos Seusruleblobis saxeebi da maTTan dakavSi-
rebuli meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis sistema. aRniSnulis aucileb-
loba dasturdeba germanuli samarTlisa da evropuli principebis
moqnili regulirebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
3. Secvlili garemoebebiT warmoSobili Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba

da misi regulirebis xarvezebi
3.1. Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZlebloba rogorc samoqalaqo

kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli SeuZleblobis erTaderTi saxe
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi aRmocenebulma Secvlilma ga-

remoebam SesaZlebelia saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis
SeuZlebloba ganapirobos. 1054 valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZleblo-
ba kontinenturi samarTlis sistemaSi xelSekrulebis darRvevis erT-
erT ZiriTad da damoukidebel saxed aris warmodgenili, Tumca ssk-
Si, Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis reglamentaciis TvalsazrisiT, mniS-
vnelovani vakuumia.1055 kerZod, igi vadis gadacilebis kategoriaSia
zedapirulad ganxiluli da valdebulebis darRvevis am damoukide-
1052 iqve, 387.
1053 ix. evropuli principebis 1:103-e IV muxli.
1054 dawvrilebiT ix. SakiaSvili b., saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis
SeuZlebloba, sadisertacio naSromi iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecni-
ero xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tb., 1997.
221
bel saxes moqmed kodeqsSi safuZvliani samarTlebrivi regulireba
ar eTmoba. Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis momwesrigebeli ssk-is 401-e
muxli warmodgenilia vadis gadacilebasTan kavSirSi im SemTxvevis
gamosaxatavad, Tu rodis ar CaiTvleba vada gadacilebulad. kerZod,
aRniSnuli normatiuli debulebis formulirebiT, vada gadacilebu-
lad ar CaiTvleba, Tuki valdebuleba ar Sesrulda iseT garemoeba-
Ta gamo, romlebic movalis braliT ar aris gamowveuli. xsenebuli
muxli srulyofilad ver asaxavs Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis samar-
Tlebriv arss, vinaidan mas asaxelebs mxolod vadis gadacilebis ga-
momricxav garemoebad. Sesabamisad, 401-e muxlis saxelwodeba (valde-
bulebis Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba) normis Sinaarss zustad ar
Seesatyviseba. amasTan, aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo debulebiT Sesru-
lebis SeuZleblobis mxolod erT-erTi saxe – arabraleuli SeuZ-
leblobaa mowesrigebuli, romelic ar aris am samarTlebrivi kon-
cefciis erTaderTi klasikuri SemTxveva,1056 radgan Sesrulebis SeuZ-
leblobas SeiZleba rogorc movalis, ise kreditoris braleuli qme-
deba (umoqmedoba) edos safuZvlad.1057 Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba saxe-
zea ara mxolod maSin, rodesac movalisgan damoukidebeli garemoebe-
biT valdebuleba ar sruldeba, aramed, rodesac Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
lobas kreditoris an Tavad movalis braleulma qmedebam Seuwyo xeli.
gsk-iT ganmtkicebuli sawyisi SeuZleblobis cneba (Anfängliche
Unmöglichkeit) mowesrigebulia ssk-is 91-e muxlSi saxelwodebiT: mar-
TlsawinaaRmdego an/da amoraluri pirobis baTiloba, romlis Tanax-
mad, Tu garigeba damokidebulia iseT pirobaze, romelic ewinaaRmdege-
ba kanonis moTxovnebs an zneobis normebs, anda SeuZlebelia misi Ses-
ruleba, mTlianad baTilia. amrigad, valdebulebis Sesrulebis sawyisi
SeuZleblobisas kanonmdebeli gamoricxvas mTlianad garigebis namdvi-
lobasac.
amrigad, kodeqsis 401-e muxlSi mxolod bundovnad ikveTeba Ses-
rulebis SeuZleblobis mxolod erTi – arabraleuli SeuZleblobis
kategoria. xolo Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisas meoradi moTxovnis uf-
lebebze xelmisawvdomobis, mxareTa pasuxismgeblobis, kreditorisa Tu
movalis braleuli qmedebiT ganpirobebuli, droebiTi da mudmivi, obi-
eqturi Tu subieqturi, absoluturi Tu fardobiTi Sesrulebis SeuZ-
leblobis1058 sakiTxebi sakanonmdeblo doneze araa gadawyvetili, rac
rogorc doqtrinul, ise samarTalSefardebis doneze arsebiT sirTu-
1056 Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis saxeebi detalurad iqna ganxiluli naSromSi, germa-

nuli samarTlis analizis nawilSi.
2004, 258-259.
2004, 257-259.
222
leebs ganapirobebs. Sesabamisad, ssk-is 401-e muxli sasamarTlos mier
mxolod Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis mxolod iseTi SemTxvevis
mosawesrigeblad SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli, romelic movalis bra-
leul qmedebas ar miewereba.1059 sxva tipis, magaliTad, braleuli
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis arsebobisas moTxovnis samarTlebriv
safuZvlad 401-e muxli ar SeiZleba iqnes Sefardebuli.
3.2. meoradi moTxovnis uflebebisadmi mimarTeba

Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisas
Secvlili garemoebebiT dafuZnebuli Sesrulebis arabrale-

uli SeuZleblobis pirobebSi (Tu SeuZlebloba mxolod
valdebulebis nawilze gavrcelda) gamosayenebelia fasis Semcire-
bisa1060 da xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis uflebebi.
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis safuZvliT zianis anazRaurebisa da
damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovnis uflebaTa gamoricxvis SemTxveva-
Sic, kreditorisaTvis fasis Semcirebisa da xelSekrulebidan gas-
vlis meoradi moTxovnis uflebebi kvlav xelmisawvdomi rCeba.1061
mniSvnelovania evropuli principebis regulireba, romelic
mxares fasis Semcirebis moTxovnis uflebas aniWebs, Tu ar arsebobs
kontrahentze zianis anazRaurebis dakisrebis saTanado safuZvle-
bi.1062 anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac mxare gaTavisuflebulia zianis anazRaurebis saxiT pasuxismgeb-
lobisagan, kontrahents ufleba aqvs gamoiyenos fasis Semcirebis me-
oradi moTxovnis ufleba.
Secvlili garemoebebiT dafuZnebuli Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
lobis _ forsmaJoris samarTlebriv bunebas arsobrivad saukeTesod
gamoxatavs termini superior force1063 romelic ssk-Si termin ,,dauZleve-
li Zalis~ saxiT aris ganmtkicebuli.1064 ssk-is Secvlili garemoebe-

ivlisis ganCinebiT saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010 dadgenilia, rom dauZleveli Zala im Sem-
TxvevaSi aTavisuflebs movales vadis gadacilebiT gamowveuli pasuxismgeblobisa-
gan, Tu igi pirdapir iqneba dakavSirebuli valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZleblo-
basTan, amasTan, xelSekrulebis dadebisas am garemoebis gaTvaliswineba ar
SeiZleboda (arabraleulobis kriteriumi). ix. aseve,
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 2 martis ganCineba saqmeze: as-853-
1122-05, 42, <http://www.supremecourt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/samoq2006-5-uni.pdf>, [17.07.2014].
1060 Tu SeuZlebloba valdebulebis Sesrulebis mxolod nawilze gavrcelda.
1061 Schlechtriem P.(ed.), Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods
(CISG),Oxford University Press, New York, Clarendon Press, 1998, 438.


1063 vis major, superior force. ix. Schwenzer I., Hachem P., Kee Ch., Global Sales and Contract Law, Oxford

1064 ssk-is 132-e muxlis ,,b“ qvepunqti amkvidrebs termins ,,gansakuTrebuli da
aucdeneli dauZleveli Zala~.
223
bis momwesrigebeli normiT (398-e muxli) gansazRvruli samarTlebri-
vi winapirobebi dauZlevel Zalazec vrceldeba, im gansxvavebiT, rom
am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi gamoiricxeba valdebulebis Sesrulebisa
da Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis moTxovna.
dauZleveli Zalis arsebobisas, upirobod gamosayenebelia xelSekru-
lebidan gasvlis ufleba. ssk-is 399-e I muxli dauZleveli Zalis ar-
sebobas im pativsadeb garemoebad acxadebs, romelic xelSekrulebis
moSlisaTvis dawesebuli vadis daucvelad, xelSekrulebis dauyov-
neblivi moSlis safuZveli xdeba.1065 zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis
ufleba gamoiricxeba imdenad, ramdenadac forsmaJori kontinenturi
samarTlisaTvis niSandoblivi Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblo-
bis koncefciis identuri kategoriaa. aRniSnuls adasturebs ssk-is
369-e II muxlis Sinaarsic, romlis Tanaxmad, gadamzidvelis pasuxis-
mgebloba ar dadgeba, Tuki ziani gamowveulia dauZleveli Zalis an
TviT mgzavris mier, an/da misi bargiT. aseve ssk-is 779-e muxlis Za-
liT, Semnaxvelis pasuxismgebloba gamoricxulia, Tu ziani gamowveu-
lia dauZleveli Zalis moqmedebiT, stumris an misi Tanmxlebi piris
mier, anda TviT nivTis TvisebebiT.1066
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi1067 ganmartebu-
lia, rom dauZleveli ZaliT ganpirobebuli valdebulebis Seusru-
lebloba SeiZleba warmoadgendes saxelSekrulebo samarTalurTier-
Tobidan warmoSobili meoradi valdebulebis, kerZod ki, damatebiTi
Sesrulebisa da zianis anazRaurebisagan gaTavisuflebis winapiro-
bas. rac imas niSnavs, rom dauZleveli Zalis arsebobis pirobebSi,
valdebulebis Seusrulebloba daTqmul drosa da adgilas iwvevs
movalis gaTavisuflebas rogorc ZiriTadi valdebulebis Sesrule-
bisagan, aseve zianis anazRaurebisagan. amdenad, qveyanaSi arsebuli
saomari viTareba SeiZleba miCneul iqnes mxolod misi arsebobis pe-
riodSi konkretuli valdebulebis Seusruleblobis sapatio garemo-
ebad, ramac SesaZlebelia, gamoricxos valdebulebis droulad Seus-
ruleblobis gamo kanoniT an/da xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
damatebiTi valdebulebis warmoSoba.
1065 kerZod, ssk-is 399-e muxlis Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebis nebismier mxares SeuZlia,
pativsadebi safuZvliT uari Tqvas grZelvadian valdebulebiT urTierTobaze
xelSekrulebis moSlisaTvis dawesebuli vadis daucvelad. pativsadebia safuZve-
li, roca xelSekrulebis momSlel mxares konkretuli viTarebis, maT Soris, dauZ-
leveli Zalisa da ormxrivi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar SeiZleba moeTxovos
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis gagrZeleba SeTanxmebuli vadis an xelSekrulebis
moSlisaTvis dawesebuli vadis gasvlamde.
1066 ix. ssk-is 362-e III ,,b~, 666-e I, 831-e, 999-e III, me-1000 III, 1004-e II da 597-e muxlebi.
aseve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis 2011 wlis 24
ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: #as-1076-1008-2010.
1067 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 23 maisis ganCineba saqmeze: #as-
496-470-2011.
224
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis pirobebSi kontinentur samarTalSi
upiratesad gamosayenebeli damatebiTi Sesrulebis meoradi moTxov-
nis ufleba azrs kargavs1068 da kreditorisaTvis xelSekrulebidan
gasvlisa da zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebebia prioritetu-
li. xelSekrulebidan gasvlis meoradi moTxovnis ufleba centra-
lur adgils ikavebs, ramdenadac xsenebul SemTxvevaSi damatebiTi
Sesrulebis moTxovna ubralo formalobad iqceva1069 da misi gamoye-
neba yovelgvar mizans moklebulia samarTlebrivi Sedegis Tvalsaz-
risiT. 405-e II ,,a~ muxli gamoricxavs damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxov-
nis uflebis gamoyenebas: ar aris aucilebeli damatebiTi vadis dawe-
seba an gafrTxileba, Tu aSkaraa, rom mas Sedegi ar mohyveba. 405-e II
,,a~ muxli moicavs Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis instituts, romlis pi-
robebSic damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxovna ubralo formalobad iq-
ceva.
ssk-is 399-e muxli ganamtkicebs xelSekrulebis moSlis samar-
Tlebriv reJims, romelic mxolod grZelvadiani saxelSekrulebo
valdebulebiTsamarTlebrivi urTierTobis mimarT gamoiyeneba. aRniS-
nuli muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebis nebismier
mxares SeuZlia, pativsadebi safuZvlidan gamomdinare, uari Tqvas
grZelvadian valdebulebiT urTierTobaze xelSekrulebis moSli-
saTvis dawesebuli vadis daucvelad. pativsadebi safuZvlis arsebo-
bis gansazRvra obieqtur kriteriums ukavSirdeba. kerZod, aRniSnuli
muxlis ZaliT, pativsadebia safuZveli, roca xelSekrulebis mom-
Slel mxares konkretuli viTarebis, maT Soris dauZleveli Zalisa
da ormxrivi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar SeiZleba moeTxovos
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis gagrZeleba SeTanxmebuli vadis an
xelSekrulebis moSlisaTvis dawesebuli vadis gasvlamde. mniSvne-
lovania, rom moyvanili sakanonmdeblo debuleba dauZlevel Zalas,
rogorc Sesrulebis arabraleul SeuZleblobas, xelSekrulebis da-
uyovneblivi moSlis winapirobad gansazRvravs.
msgavsi Sinaarsis normas ganamtkicebs gsk-is 314-e I paragrafi,
romelic dasaSvebad miiCnevs grZelvadiani valdebulebiTsamarTleb-
rivi urTierTobis moSlas pativsadebi safuZvliT, mxareTa SeTanxme-
biT an kanoniT, xelSekrulebis moSlisaTvis dadgenili specialuri
vadebis daucvelad. Tumca, ssk-is 399-e I muxlisagan gansxvavebiT, gsk-
is 314-e I paragrafi ar moicavs miTiTebas Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba-
ze, rogorc xelSekrulebis dauyovneblivi moSlis safuZvelze. sama-
gierod, gsk-is 323-e II paragrafi ganamtkicebs valdebulebis Seusru-
leblobis calkeul SemTxvevebs (maT Soris moiazreba Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobac), rodesac damatebiTi vadis samarTlebrivi meqanizmi
Saarbrücken, 2005) § 326-e V.
225
ar gamoiyeneba. swored es aris gsk-is 314-e I paragrafSi Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobis miuTiTeblobis mizezi. amasTan, gsk-is 314-e II paragra-
fis ZaliT, valdebulebis darRveva xelSekrulebis moSlis damouki-
debel safuZvlad ganixileba.
Tu ssk-is 399-e I muxliT, dauZleveli Zala, rogorc Sesrule-
bis arabraleuli SeuZlebloba (forsmaJori), xelSekrulebis dau-
yovneblivi moSlis samarTlebriv safuZvlad ganixileba, ssk-is 399-e
II muxli xelSekrulebis moSlis damoukidebel winapirobad valde-
bulebis darRvevas acxadebs. kerZod, Tu safuZveli saxelSekrulebo
valdebulebaTa darRvevacaa, xelSekrulebis moSla dasaSvebia mxo-
lod naklovanebaTa aRmofxvrisaTvis dadgenili vadis uSedegod gas-
vlis an uSedego gafrTxilebis Semdeg. Sesabamisad gamoiyeneba ssk-is
405-e II muxli. am logikiT, ssk Sesrulebis arabraleul SeuZleblo-
bas valdebulebis darRvevad ar ganixilavs, vinaidan Sesrulebis
arabraleuli SeuZleblobisas xelSekrulebis moSlis sakiTxs cal-
ke regulirebas uTmobs, xolo valdebulebis darRvevisas xelSekru-
lebis moSlis SemTxveva damoukidebeli – ssk-is 399-e II muxliT wes-
rigdeba. amrigad, Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba, rogorc valdebulebis
darRvevis erT-erTi damoukidebeli saxe, swored 399-e II muxlis re-
gulirebas unda daeqvemdebaros.
marTalia, Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis pirobebSi damatebiTi va-
dis daweseba, Sedegis TvalsazrisiT, samarTlebriv azrs moklebuli-
a, magram SemTxvevebs, rodesac xelSekrulebidan dauyovneblivi gas-
vlis uflebamosileba fuZndeba, ssk-is 405-e II muxli gansazRvravs.
ssk-is 405-e II ,,a~ muxlSi saubaria swored im pirobebze, rodesac da-
matebiTi vadis daweseba gamoiricxeba, radgan aSkaraa, rom mas aravi-
Tari Sedegi ar mohyveba. normis ganmartebidan gamomdinare, aq unda
igulisxmebodes mosalodneli darRvevisa da Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
lobis samarTlebrivi kategoriebi, rodesac damatebiTi vadis dawese-
ba ubralo formalobad iqceva. swored amitom dauZlevel Zalaze
ssk-is 399-e I muxlSi miTiTeba samarTlebrivad gaumarTlebelia.
marTalia, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis SemTxveva-
Si ssk-is 399-e I muxliT uzrunvelyofilia saxelSekrulebo urTier-
Tobis damTavreba xelSekrulebis moSlis samarTlebrivi konstruq-
ciiT, Tumca gaugebaria Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis, ro-
melic valdebulebis darRvevad ar aris kodeqsSi warmodgenili, da
xelSekrulebaze uaris urTierTmimarTeba, vinaidan xelSekrulebidan
gasvlis ufleba, angloamerikuli samarTlisagan gansxvavebiT, konti-
nentur samarTalSi mxolod valdebulebis darRvevis safuZvelze aR-
mocendeba.
ramdenadac kodeqsi Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisas saxelSekru-
lebo urTierTobis dasrulebis samarTlebriv reJims iTvaliswinebs
mxolod grZelvadiani urTierTobis arsebobisas, yvela sxva valde-
bulebiTsamarTlebriv urTierTobaSi, romelic mravaljeradad gansa-
226
xorcielebel Sesrulebas ar iTvaliswinebs, Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
lobisas xelSekrulebidan gasvlis sakiTxi mouwesrigebeli rCeba.
amasTan, xelSekrulebis moSlis instituti, Tavisi iuridiuli arsiT,
mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba xelSekrulebidan gasvlis samarTlebrivi
kategoriisagan, romlisTvisac arsebiTi maxasiaTebeli swored Tavda-
pirveli mdgomareobis aRdgena-restituciaa, rac moSlis SemTxvevaSi
– grZelvadiani valdebulebiTsamarTlebrivi urTierTobis pirobebSi
– realurad warmoudgenelia.
ssk ar iTvaliswinebs Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis safuZvliT
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis samarTlebriv konstruqcias, rac kidev
erTxel adasturebs, rom Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba, rogorc valde-
bulebis Seusruleblobis obieqturi faqti, valdebulebis darRvevis
saxed ar aris kodeqsSi warmodgenili (miuxedavad imisa, rom igi
valdebulebis darRvevis karSia mocemuli). zemoaRniSnulis gaTva-
liswinebiT, SeuZlebelia arsebobdes aseve kreditoris zianis anazR-
aurebis uflebisadmi xelmisawvdomoba, vinaidan ssk-is 394-e I muxlis
Tanaxmad, movales pasuxismgebloba zianis anazRaurebis saxiT dae-
kisreba mxolod braleuli darRvevis SemTxvevaSi.
ramdenadac saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis damTavrebis SesaZ-
leblobas kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs mxolod xelSekrulebis moSlis
samarTlebrivi meqanizmiT, isic mxolod arabraleuli Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobis pirobebSi da mxolod grZelvadian valdebulebiT ur-
TierTobaSi, amdenad regulirebis miRma rCeba braleuli Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobisas xelSekrulebis samarTlebrivi bedis, mxareTa uf-
leba-movaleobebis, aseve maTi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. amasTan, ara
marto grZelvadian, aramed moklevadian urTierTobebSi.
De lege ferenda saxiT unda iTqvas, rom Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis
valdebulebis darRvevis saxed reglamentaciiT uzrunvelyofil iqne-
ba xelSekrulebidan gasvlisa da zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uf-
lebebisadmi kreditoris xelmisawvdomoba. samarTlebrivi gansazRvru-
lobisaTvis aucilebelia aseve, detalurad mowesrigdes Sesrulebis
SeuZleblobis saxeebi da movalis pasuxismgeblobis farglebi gani-
sazRvros Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis warmoSobis mimarT movalis bra-
leulobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis definiciis ararseboba iZleva misi
sxvadasxvagvari ganmartebis SesaZleblobas, rac xels uSlis erTgva-
rovani sasamarTlo praqtikis Camoyalibebasa da samarTlis erTian
ganviTarebas.1070
1070 begiaSvili n., valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba, ,,sarCevi~, Tb., 2011, 11.
227
4. movalis mier vadis gadacilebisa da Secvlili garemoebebis
doqtrinis urTierTmimarTeba
4.1. movalis mier vadis gadacilebis winapirobebi
winamdebare TavSi movalis mier vadis gadacilebis ganxilva

miznad isaxavs dadgindes, ramdenad SesaZlebelia Secvlilma garemo-
ebebma saxelSekrulebo urTierTobaSi movalis mier vadis gadacile-
ba, rogorc valdebulebis erT-erTi saxis darRveva, ganapirobos. ami-
saTvis mniSvnelovania movalis mier vadis gadacilebis samarTlebri-
vi winapirobebis gansazRvra.
iuridiul literaturaSi gakritikebul iqna jer kidev romis
samarTalSi damkvidrebuli da Tanamedrove samarTlebrivi sistemebis
mier gaziarebuli doqtrina1071 imis Sesaxeb, rom vadis gadacileba,
rogorc valdebulebis darRvevis damoukidebeli saxe, obieqturad
ganxorcielebadi valdebulebis braleuli SeusruleblobiT
gamoixateba. aRniSnulis aRiareba ar ewinaaRmdegeba im udavo postu-
lats, rom brali ,,pasuxismgeblobis Seracxvis instrumentia~1072 da
ara valdebulebis darRvevis damfuZnebeli winapiroba.
amasTan, xazi unda gaesvas imas, rom bralis kategoria gansxva-
vebuli roliTa da Sedegis ganmsazRvreli funqciiT itvirTeba vadis
gadacilebis konteqstSi. aRniSnuli dasturdeba rogorc romis sa-
marTlis, ise Tanamedrove germanuli da qarTuli sakanonmdeblo
regulirebis SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi analizis safuZvelze: ssk-is
401-e muxlis formulirebiT, vada gadacilebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu-
ki valdebuleba ar Sesrulda iseT garemoebaTa gamo, romlebic mova-
lis braliT ar aris gamowveuli. am muxlidan gamomdinareobs Teza,
rom vadis gadacileba yovelTvis braleuli qmedebiT gamoixateba.
Tu movale ar aris pasuxismgebeli valdebulebis Sesrulebis dayov-
nebisaTvis, maSin SesaZloa, saxeze iyos kreditoris mxridan vadis
gadacileba an dauZleveli Zala, rac vadamosuli valdebulebis Ses-
rulebas SeuZlebels xdis da gamoricxavs saxelSekrulebo pasuxis-
mgeblobas zianis anazRaurebis saxiT.1073 aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakav-
SirebiT Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlo ganmartavs: ssk-is 401-e mux-
lis mixedviT, vada gadacilebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tuki valdebuleba
1071 mosazreba vadis gadacilebis konteqstSi bralis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, warmod-

genili statiaSi: CitaSvili n., bralis mniSvneloba saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeb-
lobis gansazRvrisaTvis, ,,samarTlis Jurnali~, Tsu gamomcemloba, #1, 2009, 166,
gakritikebul iqna wignSi: vaSakiZe g., samoqalaqo kodeqsis garTulebul valdebu-
lebaTa sistema, GTZ, Tb., 2010, 38.
1072 vaSakiZe g., samoqalaqo kodeqsis garTulebul valdebulebaTa sistema, GTZ, Tb.,
2010, 38.
1073 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis 2011 wlis 11
aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: #as-84-74-201.
228
ar Sesrulda iseT garemoebaTa gamo, rac movalis braliT ar aris
gamowveuli. am muxlis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, vadis gadacileba
braleuli moqmedebiT xorcieldeba, rodesac movale ganzrax an ga-
ufrTxileblobiT droulad ar Seasrulebs obieqturad ganxorci-
elebad valdebulebas. miTiTebuli garemoebebis dadgoma arc mova-
lis pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs. movale ar CaiTvleba vadis gadamci-
leblad, Tu valdebulebis Seusruleblobis mizezia dauZleveli Za-
la da Sesruleba SeuZlebelia movalis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis
gamo an valdebulebis Seusrulebloba gamowveulia kreditoris mier
Sesrulebis miRebis dayovnebiT.1074
sainteresoa, ratom ganixilavs kanonmdebeli brals vadis ga-
dacilebis dafuZnebisaTvis aucilebel pirobad. rogorc ssk-is 401-e
muxlis analizidan irkveva, vadis gadacilebis arsebobaze mxolod
maSin SeiZleba msjeloba, Tuki Sesruleba jer kidev movalis SesaZ-
leblobis sferos ganekuTvneba. vinaidan Sesrulebis SesaZleblobis
pirobebSi valdebuleba droulad ar sruldeba, saxezea movalis
brali vadamosuli valdebulebis Seusruleblobis mimarT. swored
amitom Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis pirobebSi gaumarTlebelia sauba-
ri vadis gadacilebaze. analogiuri midgoma gaziarebulia gsk-Si,
romlis Tanaxmad, vadis gadacileba exeba mxolod im valdebulebebs,
romlebic jer kidev ganxorcielebadia vadamosulobis momentSi da
misi droulad SeusruleblobisaTvis Tavad movale aris pasuxismge-
beli.1075
vadis gadacilebis dafuZnebisaTvis gsk-is 286-e I paragrafi
winapirobebad ganixilavs namdvili uflebis arsebobas, vadamosuli
valdebulebis Seusruleblobasa da vadis gadacilebis momentisaT-
vis movalis mxridan valdebulebis Sesrulebis obieqtur SesaZleb-
lobas. aRniSnul winapirobebTan erTad aucilebelia aseve, kredito-
ris mier movalis gafrTxileba an gafrTxilebasTan gaTanabrebuli
sxva samarTlebrivi moqmedebis Sesruleba.
gsk mkafiod gansazRvravs movalis mier vadis gadacilebis wi-
napirobebs. kerZod, Sesrulebis kalendarulad gansazRvruli vadis
arsebobisas gamoricxulia gafrTxilebis micemis valdebuleba.1076
msgavsad, gafrTxileba araa saWiro, rodesac Sesruleba gansazRvru-
li movlenis dadgomasTan aris dakavSirebuli.1077 ssk-is me-400 ,,a~
muxlis Tanaxmad, movalis mier valdebulebis Sesrulebis vadis ga-
dacilebad iTvleba Tu: a) SesrulebisaTvis dadgenil droSi valde-

aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: #as-218-204-2011.
Saarbrücken, 2005) § 286-e IV.

1076 iqve, §286-e II.
1077 iqve, (German Civil Code - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesministerium der Justiz, Juris GmbH,
Saarbrücken, 2005) §286-e II (2).

229
buleba ar Sesruldeba. marTalia, ssk pirdapir ar adgens kalenda-
rulad gansazRvruli vadis arsebobisas gafrTxilebis valdebule-
bis ararsebobas, magram me-400 ,,a~ muxlis ganmartebidan gsk-is 286-e II
paragrafis identuri daskvna gamomdinareobs da ,,SesrulebisaTvis
dadgenil droSi~ kalendaruli vada moiazreba.
ssk-is me-400 ,,b” muxli da gsk-is 286-e I paragrafi identuri
Sinaarsis normas ganamtkicebs: Tu movale valdebulebas ar asru-
lebs, kreditoris mier vadamosuli valdebulebis Sesaxeb ganxor-
cielebuli saTanado gafrTxilebis miuxedavad, maSin vadis gada-
cilebis dasrulebuli Semadgenloba mxolod gafrTxilebis uSe-
degod gancxadebis Semdgom fuZndeba.
sainteresoa, ratom ganixilavs kanonmdebeli movalis gafrTxi-
lebas vadis gadacilebis dasrulebuli SemadgenlobisTvis aucile-
bel winapirobad? gafrTxilebiT kidev erTxel xdeba movalis gacno-
biereba xelSekrulebis SinaarsSi, sakuTar ufleba-movaleobebSi, ra-
Ta gamoiricxos xelSekrulebis gaufrTxileblobiT darRvevis
riski, SesaZlebloba.
gafrTxileba garkveul pirobebs unda akmayofilebdes. pirvel
rigSi, moTxovna unda iyos erTmniSvnelovani. movalisaTvis naTeli
da gasagebi unda iyos, rom kreditori moiTxovs vadamosuli valde-
bulebis Sesrulebas. SeiZleba movale valdebuli iyos kreditoris
winaSe ramdenime Sesrulebaze, aseT SemTxvevaSi kreditori valdebu-
lia gansazRvros, Tu romel Sesrulebas ukavSirdeba gafrTxileba.
ase rom, gafrTxileba unda iyos rogorc gasagebi da erTmniSvnelo-
vani, aseve gansazRvruli.1078
aRsaniSnavia, rom movalis gafrTxileba ar aris damatebiTi
vadis identuri, romelic mxares damatebiTi Sesrulebis mizniT gane-
sazRvreba. gafrTxilebis Sinaarsidan naTlad unda vlindebodes mo-
valis valdebulebis Sinaarsi. ar aris aucilebeli Sesrulebis va-
dis gansazRvra, arc misi Sesrulebis konkretul Sedegze miTiTeba,
mTavaria, masSi cxadad ikveTebodes kreditoris survili – movalem
Seasrulos nakisri valdebuleba.1079 movale vadis gadamcileblad Ca-
iTvleba mas Semdeg, rac valdebulebis Sesrulebis moTxovniT
gancxadebuli gafrTxilebis miuxedavad valdebuleba kvlav ar
sruldeba.1080
1078 Palandt O., Heinrichs H., 2003, BGB $286, Rn.5, miTiTebulia: maCalaZe s., zianis
anazRaureba valdebulebis darRvevisas (saqarTvelosa da germaniis kanonmdebloba-
Ta analizi), Jurn. ,,qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema, 2004, 77.
1079 Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samo-
Tb., 2001, 420.
1080 gsk-is 286-e II paragrafi gansazRvravs SemTxvevebs, rodesac vada gadacilebu-
lad iTvleba saTanado gafrTxilebis gareSe.
230
kreditoris mier ganxorcielebuli saTanado gafrTxileba
vadamosuli valdebulebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, vadis gadacilebis
erT-erT winapirobas qmnida romaul samarTalSic. aseve, mniSvnelo-
vani winapiroba vadis gadacilebis darRvevad saxeldebisaTvis iyo
movalis brali Tavad vadis gadacilebis faqtTan mimarTebiT an va-
dis gadacilebis gamomwvevi garemoebis warmoSobaSi.
romaul samarTalSi movalis bralis identificirebis sau-
keTeso saSualeba iyo movalis mimarT specialuri gafrTxilebis –
interpellatio1081 – gancxadeba, romelic gamoricxavda movalis mier saku-
Tari valdebulebebis arcodnis SesaZleblobas. amis Sedegad
martivdeboda vadamosuli da gacnobierebuli movaleobebis Seus-
ruleblobis borot ganzraxvad (dolus malus1082) dakvalificireba.1083
gafrTxilebis micemis Semdgom movalis braleulobis sakiTxi cal-
ke msjelobis sagani ar xdeboda, aramed interpellatio ganixileboda
braleulobis indikatorad.1084 pasuxismgeblobisaTvis aucilebeli
kriteriumTagani iyo brali, rogorc subieqturi elementi da gaf-
rTxileba, rogorc obieqturi winapiroba.1085 amitomac xSirad gaf-
rTxileba (interpellatio) da movalis braleuloba (in mora) sinonimuri
mniSvnelobiT ganixileboda.1086
amasTan, umniSvnelovanesia, rom movalis braleuloba TavisTa-
vad igulisxmeboda, Tu vadis gadacilebis yvela kriteriumi saxeze
iyo warmodgenili.1087
gafrTxilebis Semdeg valdebulebis Seusrulebloba SesaZle-
belia, mxolod movalis braleuli qmedebiT ganxorcieldes im Sem-
TxvevaSi, Tu ar arsebobs pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis pa-
tivsadebi safuZvlebi. gafrTxilebiT movale kidev erTxel acnobie-
rebs valdebulebis darRvevis mosalodnel samarTlebriv Sedegs,
swored amitom movalis vadis gadacileba braleul darRvevad gani-
xileba.
1081 Zimmermann R., The Law of Obligations - Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition, Breach of
Contract, Chapter 25, Clarendon, Oxford University Press, 1996, 792.
1082 iqve, 792.
1083 iqve, 793.
1084 iqve,
1085 iqve, 792.
1086 iqve.
1087 iqve, 794.
231
4.2. Secvlili garemoebebis gavleniT movalis mier vadis
gadacilebis warmoSobis SeuZlebloba
Secvlili garemoebebis samarTlebrivi bunebis analizisas ze-

moganxiluli Tavebis farglebSi dadginda, rom aRniSnuli garemoe-
bebi mxaris kontrolis sferosagan damoukideblad aRmocenebuli
movlenebia, romelTa warmoSobis mimarT movale arabraleulia, rame-
Tu ar arsebobs misi mxridan Secvlili garemoebebis gaTvaliswine-
bis, maTi aRkveTis, uaryofiTi Sedegebis aRmofxvris an Semcirebis
obieqturi SesaZlebloba. Sesabamisad, Tu movalis mier vadis gadaci-
leba misi mxridan Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobiT ar aris
ganpirobebuli, maSasadame, ar iarsebebs Secvlili garemoebebis
doqtrinis gamoyenebis safuZveli _ erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi
kriteriumis _ movalis arabraleulobis ararsebobis gamo. braleu-
li darRvevis pirobebSi gamoricxulia Secvlili garemoebebis arse-
bobaze da pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebaze msjeloba. Sesaba-
misad, movalis mier vadis gadacilebis pirobebSi ver ganxorcielde-
ba movalis pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba an xelSekrulebis
adaptacia. aRniSnuli vadis gadacilebis, rogorc braleuli
darRvevis samarTlebrivi bunebiT aris ganpirobebuli.
SesaZlebelia movalis mier produqciis miwodebis vadis
gadacileba sakanonmdeblo akrZalviT iyos ganpirobebuli (importis
ucabedi, gauTvaliswinebeli akrZalva). aseT SemTxvevaSi marTalia,
gamoricxulia movalis brali vadis gadacilebis faqtis mimarT,1088
magram mocemul SemTxvevaSi mainc ar fuZndeba arabraleuli vadis
gadacileba, aramed _ Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba, rogorc valdebule-
bis darRvevis erT-erTi saxe da pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufle-
bis safuZvlad swored Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis
(samarTlebrivi SeuZlebloba) miTiTeba moxdeba.
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis wesiT ver isargeblebs
vadis gadamcilebeli braleuli mxare, rameTu Secvlili garemoebe-
bis doqtrina umTavresad keTilsindisierebis princips emyareba da
ar SeiZleba igi braleuli mxaris sasargeblod gamoiyenebodes.1089
1088 biolingi h., lutringhausi p., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis calkeuli moT-
xovnis safuZvlebis sistemuri analizi, bremeni-Tbilisi, 2004-2009, 30; henSeli s.,
samoqalaqo kazusebis damuSavebis meTodika, gamomc. ,,siesta~, Tb., 2009, 42.
1089 Puelinckxin A.H., Frustration, Hardship, Force Majeure, Imprévision, Wegfall der Geschäftsgrundlage,
Unmöglichkeit, Changed Circumstances, 3 J.Int'l Arb., No. 2, 1986, 47.
232
5. Secvlili garemoebebiT ganpirobebuli nakliani Sesruleba da
gamosayenebeli meoradi moTxovnebi
5.1. nakliani Sesrulebis mowesrigebis sistemuri xarvezi

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi
ssk-is 487-e-488-e muxlebi ganamtkicebs nakliani Sesrulebis

koncefcias, romelic valdebulebiTi samarTlis kerZo nawilSia
warmodgenili, kerZod, nasyidobis xelSekrulebis momwesrigebel
normebSi. vinaidan nakliani Sesruleba valdebulebis darRvevis erT-
erTi damoukidebeli saxea, igi valdebulebis zogad nawilSi unda
iyos reglamentirebuli, iseve rogorc masTan dakavSirebuli meora-
di moTxovnis ufleba fasis Semcirebis saxiT. miT ufro rom naklia-
ni Sesruleba mxolod nasyidobis xelSekrulebas ar SeiZleba mie-
marTebodes, is SeiZleba aRmocendes nardobis xelSekrulebaSic.1090
Secvlili garemoebebiT warmoSobili nakliani Sesrulebis sa-
kiTxi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvris
TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, unda dadgindes arabraleuli gamyidveli Se-
saZloa Tu ara pasuxismgeblobisgan iqnes ganTavisuflebuli naklia-
ni miwodebis SemTxvevaSi.
aesk-is mixedviT, aRniSnul kiTxvaze pasuxi uaryofiTia, maSin
rodesac venis konvenciis damokidebuleba naTlad gamokveTili ar
aris, rameTu is ganamtkicebs pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis
SesaZleblobas nebismieri saxis darRvevis arsebobisas.1091
5.2. pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi nakliani Sesrulebis pirobebSi da

Tanamdevi meoradi moTxovnebi
nakliani Sesrulebis pirobebSi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis ve-

nis konvenciismieri regulireba angloamerikuli samarTlis koncef-
tualur midgomas mihyveba. kerZod, venis konvenciis 79-e muxli, pasu-
xismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad ar aris gansazRvruli
nakliani Sesrulebis arsebobisas. aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba miRe-
bul da gaziarebul iqna unsitralis diplomatiur konferenciaze
1974 wels.1092
venis konvenciis 35-e (1) muxlis Tanaxmad, gamyidvels ekisreba
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli xarisxis, raodenobisa da aRweri-
1090ix. ssk-is 642-e muxli.

1091Honnold J.O., Flechtner H. M. (ed.), Uniform Law for International Sales under the 1980 United Nations
Convention, 4th ed., Wolters Kluwer Law and Business, Austin, Boston, Chicago, New York, The
Nertherlands, 2009, 616.
1092 iqve, 427 [618].
233
lobis nivTis myidvelisaTvis miwodeba. xolo 45-e muxlis ZaliT,
myidvelis mier konvenciiT an xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli ro-
melime valdebulebis (maT Soris unaklo nivTis miwodebis) Seusru-
leblobis SemTxvevaSi, myidveli uflebamosilia zianis anazRaurebis
moTxovnaze.1093
konvenciis aRniSnul regulirebas mniSvnelovani praqtikuli
Sedegebi ukavSirdeba myidvelisaTvis. saqonlis warmoebis procesis
gamokvleva da naklze pasuxismgebeli piris dadgena gansakuTrebul
sirTules ukavSirdeba miT umetes, gadamyidveli mimwodeblis arse-
bobis pirobebSi. amrigad, venis konvenciis 79-e muxli pasuxismgeblo-
bisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad moqmedebs dauZleveli movlenebis
arsebobisas (omi, embargo, wyaldidoba, cecxli). warmoebis procesSi
windaxedulebis zomebis darRvevaze pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuf-
lebis dafuZneba anomaluri da ganuxorcielebeli iqneba. aRniSnuli
gansakuTrebiT cxadi xdeba gamyidvelis mier daxuruli konteinere-
biT saqonlis miwodebisas, romelic gamoricxavs kontrolisa da ze-
damxedvelobis SesaZleblobas. myidvels (gansxvavebiT gamyidvelisa-
gan) araviTari saxelSekrulebo kavSiri ar aqvs Tavdapirvel mimwo-
debelTan. amdenad, mwarmoebelze pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis erTa-
derTi gzaa myidvelisaTvis miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba gamyidve-
lis mier da Semdgom regresis wesiT anazRaurebis moTxovna mwarmo-
eblisgan.1094
sapirispiro mosazrebaa ganviTarebuli venis konvenciis germa-
nuli _ Slehtrimis komentaris mier, romlis Tanaxmad, venis konven-
ciis 79-e muxli pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad ga-
moiyeneba valdebulebis yvela saxis darRvevis _ Sesrulebis SeuZ-
leblobis, vadis gadacilebisa1095 da nakliani Sesrulebis pirobeb-
Si.1096 aRniSnuli komentari nivTis naklis Sesaxeb gamyidvelis ara-
informirebulobas pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvis safuZvlad acxa-
debs. Tumca, myidvelisaTvis xelmisawvdomi rCeba naklis gamoswore-
bis an nakliani nivTis unakloTi Secvlis moTxovna.1097 aRniSnulis
sawinaaRmdegod, konvenciis struqtura da misi Seqmnis istoriac
adasturebs, rom igi ar misdevs braleuli pasuxismgeblobis prin-
1093 Honnold J.O., Flechtner H. M. (ed.), Uniform Law for International Sales under the 1980 United Nations
Nertherlands, 2009, 427 [618].
1094 iqve, 427 [619].
1095 vadis gadacilebis specifika ganxilul iqna naSromis VIII Tavis 4.1. qveTavSi.
(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1065; Brunner Ch., Force Majeure and Hardship under
1097 ix. venis konvenciis 46-e (2) (3) muxli.
234
cips nakliani Sesrulebisas pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvris dros.1098
Slehtrimis komentarSic sabolood aRiarebuli mosazrebiT, naklia-
ni Sesrulebis mimarT umTavresad, mkacri pasuxismgeblobis principi
moqmedebs da gamyidvelis pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba mxo-
lod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi unda daiSvebodes. 1099
sagarantio pasuxismgebloba nivTis naklis gamo, gansakuTre-
biT, angloamerikuli samarTlisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, sadac unak-
lo nivTis miwodeba mxareTa SeTanxmebis gareSea xelSekrulebis na-
gulisxmevi da arsebiTi piroba. magaliTad, saqonlis nasyidobis Se-
saxeb 1979 wlis kanonis1100 (SemdgomSi – snSk) Tanaxmad, saqoneli un-
da Seesabamebodes aRwerilobasa1101 da SeTanxmebul nimuSs,1102 iyos
damakmayofilebeli xarisxisa da xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli miz-
nisTvis gamosadegi.1103 es aris klasikuri magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor
asaxelebs statuti konkretul saxelSekrulebo pirobebs arsebiTad,
ise, rom es pirobebi imTaviTve nagulisxmevia xelSekrulebis Sinaar-
sSi, mxareTa SeTanxmebis miuxedavad. gamyidvelis pasuxismgebloba ar
gamoiricxeba im safuZvliT, rom man ar icoda da arc SeeZlo scod-
noda Tvisebrivi naklis Sesaxeb. Aam regulirebas iTvaliswinebs 1979
wlis snSk-is me-14 muxli, SemdgomSi 1994 wlis saqonlis nasyidobisa
da miwodebis Sesaxeb kanonis 1-li da me-7 muxlebi, aseve me-2 Tavis
me-5 paragrafi.~1104
aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom snSk-is me-14 2(E)(a) muxli mainc anga-
riSs uwevs gamyidvelis brals valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTier-
TobaSi: rodesac nasyidobis xelSekrulebaSi myidvelis saxiT CarTu-
lia momxmarebeli da nivTis konkretuli Tvisebebi mwarmoeblisa Tu
misi warmomadgenlis mier aRwerilia sajaro gancxadebaSi an rekla-
maSi, mxarem pasuxismgeblobisgan dasacavad unda amtkicos, rom mas
ar SeeZlo scodnoda am gancxadebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis dadebis
etapze. am SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba mxaris mier nakisri sagarantio pi-
robaa nivTis naklis ararsebobis Sesaxeb. swored amitom aRniSnuli
gancxadebis arsebobis Taobaze arcodna mxaris pasuxismgeblobisagan
ganTavisuflebis safuZvelia.
Nertherlands, 2009, 427.1 [621].
2012, 662; Schlechtriem P., Schwenzer I., Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of
Goods (CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1066;
1100 Sale of Goods Act, Legislation of the United Kingdom, 1979 (SemdgomSi _ snSk),
<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/england.sale.of.goods.act.1979/doc#3>, [08.08.2014].
1101 ix. snSk-is me-13 muxli.
1102 ix. iqve, me-15 muxli.
1103 ix. iqve, me-14 muxli.
235
kontinenturi samarTali iziarebs braleuli pasuxismgeblo-
bis principis ZaliT arabraleuli gamyidvelis ganTavisuflebas
zianis anazRaurebisagan, amave dros valdebulad acxadebs mas nak-
liani nivTis unakloTi Secvlaze an naklis gamosworebaze.1105 mag-
ram kvlav gsk-is 437-e paragrafis Tanaxmad, nakliani Sesrulebis
SemTxvevaSi myidvels ufleba aqvs moiTxovos: naklis gamosworeba,
xelSekrulebidan gasvla, fasis Semcireba zianis an gaweuli xar-
jebis anazRaureba. Tumca, nivTis naklidan gamomdinare, meoradi
moTxovnis uflebebis ganxorcieleba gansazRvruli drois perio-
diTaa zRvardadebuli.1106 marTalia, nakliani Sesrulebidan gamom-
dinare, myidvelisaTvis samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis mTeli
speqtria xelmisawvdomi, magram myidvelis informirebuloba nivTis
naklis Sesaxeb uaryofiTad aisaxeba mis samarTlebriv mdgomareo-
baze, meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. gsk-
is 442-e I paragrafis Tanaxmad,1107 xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze
nivTis naklis Sesaxeb myidvelis informirebuloba gamoricxavs
gsk-is 437-e paragrafiT ganmtkicebuli meoradi moTxovnis uflebe-
bis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. myidvelis ufleba, mimarTos meora-
di moTxovnis samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebs, ZalaSi rCeba, Tu
nivTis naklis arcodna misi uxeSi gaufrTxileblobis Sedegia da
amasTan, gamyidveli Segnebulad dumda nivTis naklis Sesaxeb, an
gamyidvelma xelSekrulebiT ikisra udefeqto nivTis miwodebis ga-
rantia.
mniSvnelovania aseve, gsk-is 444-e paragrafiT ganmtkicebuli
norma, romlis Tanaxmad, myidveli ver miuTiTebs mxareTa Soris
arsebul myidvelis uflebebis SemzRudav an gamomricxav SeTanxme-
baze, Tu gamyidveli Segnebulad dumda nivTis naklis Sesaxeb an
xelSekrulebiT ikisra unaklo nivTis miwodebis garantia. Tu gam-
yidvelma ikisra nivTis vargisianobis garantia gansazRvruli perio-
dis ganmavlobaSi, maSin am sagarantio periodis manZilze aRmocene-
buli nivTis naklisaTvis pasuxismgebloba gamyidvels daekisreba.
sainteresoa franguli samarTlis midgoma: fsk-is 1641-e muxlis
safuZvelze gamyidvels ekisreba sagarantio pasuxismgebloba nivTis
faruli naklisaTvis. aRniSnuli muxli moqmedebs im saxis defeqtis
mimarT, romelic nivTs xelSekrulebiT gamiznuli an Cveulebrivi
sargeblobisaTvis gamousadegars xdis da aseTi naklis codnis Sem-
Nertherlands, 2009, 427.1 [621].

1107 ix. ssk-is 494-e II da 497-e muxlebi.
236
TxvevaSi, myidveli saerTod ar SeiZenda nivTs, an SeiZenda mas nak-
leb fasad.1108
mniSvnelovania, rom gamyidveli pasuxismgebelia nivTis nakli-
saTvis, miuxedavad imisa, icoda YTu ara man naklis arsebobis Sesa-
xeb, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac arsebobs SeTanxmeba sagarantio
pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvis Taobaze.1109 venis konvenciis Tanax-
mad,1110 faruli nakliT miyenebuli zianisaTvis pasuxismgebelia gam-
yidveli misi arabraleulobis SemTxvevaSic, maSin rodesac saqonlis
miReba xorcieldeba daxuruli konteinerebiT mimwodeblisgan da
gamyidvels ar SeeZlo scodnoda nivTis naklis Sesaxeb. amgvari sa-
marTlebrivi Sedegebis gonivruli dasabuTebaa, rom myidvels gamyid-
velisgan gansxvavebiT pretenziis wardgenis ufleba ar aqvs mimwo-
deblis mimarT da unaklo nivTis miwodeba nasyidobis xelSekrule-
bis umTavresi piroba da ZiriTadi arsia.1111
sagarantio pasuxismgebloba gulisxmobs myidvelis uflebas
nakliani nivTis miRebis Semdgom sakuTari arCevaniT (sasamarTlos
Sefasebis gareSe) mimarTos xelSekrulebidan gasvlis an fasis Sem-
cirebis moTxovnis uflebas. xolo xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze
gamyidvelis informirebuloba faruli naklis arsebobis Sesaxeb,
myidvels gadaxdili saxelSekrulebo fasis ukan dabrunebisa da zia-
nis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebas aniWebs.1112 amrigad, gamyidvelis
pasuxismgebloba, zianis anazRaurebis saxiT, nivTis faruli nakli-
saTvis kvlav gamyidvelis bralze damokidebuli rCeba. gamyidvelis
braleuloba dgindeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad icoda man nivTis
naklis arsebobis Sesaxeb. Tu gamyidvels ar miuZRvis brali nivTis
faruli defeqtis codnaSi, igi mxolod fasis Semcirebis an nivTis
safasuris dabrunebis, aseve gaweuli gonivruli xarjebisTvis iqneba
pasuxismgebeli. amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom sagarantio pasuxismgeb-
lobis principi ar moqmedebs xiluli defeqtebis mimarT, romelic
myidvels Zalisxmevis gareSe SeeZlo gamoevlina.1113
faruli naklis gamo zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba
frangul samarTalSi gonivruli vadiT ifargleba. gonivruli vadis
aTvla iwyeba im momentidan, rodesac myidvelma aRmoaCina an SeeZlo
aRmoeCina nivTis faruli nakli. Nnaklis arsebobis Sesaxeb gonivrul
1108 Beale H., Kötz H., Hartkamp A., Tallon D.(eds.), Casebooks on the Common Law of Europe, Hart
Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2002, 756.
2006) 1643-e muxli.

1110 ix. venis konvenciis 35-e, 45-e da 74-e muxlebi.
Nertherlands, 2009, 612.
2006) 1645-e muxli.

1113 ix. iqve, 1642-e muxli.
237
vadaSi ganucxadeblobiT qarwyldeba xelSekrulebidan gasvlisa da
zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis uflebebi.1114
ssk-is 494-e I muxlis Tanaxmad, nivTis nakliT an xelSekrule-
biT gansazRvruli sxva pirobebis darRveviT miyenebuli ziani anazR-
aurdeba zogadi wesis safuZvelze. ,,zogad wesSi~ igulisxmeba ssk-is
394-e I muxliT dadgenili braleuli pasuxismgeblobis principi. am-
rigad, gamyidvelis brali nivTis naklis codnaSi myidvelis zianis
anazRaurebis uflebas warmoSobs. amasTan, myidvelis Semxvedri bra-
li gamoricxavs nakliani nivTis mowodebidan gamomdinare yovelgva-
ri uflebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas. kerZod, ssk-is 494-e II
muxlis ZaliT, myidvels ar warmoeSoba uflebebi nivTis naklis ga-
mo, Tu xelSekrulebis dadebis momentSi man icoda aRniSnulis Sesa-
xeb.
ssk nivTis naklis dauyovneblivi aRmoCenis valdebulebas awe-
sebs mewarme myidvelis mimarT. kerZod, mewarme myidvelis mier nak-
lis aRmoCenidan gonivrul vadaSi gamyidvelisaTvis pretenziis ga-
nucxadebloba ukargavs mas nivTis naklis safuZvelze yvela SesaZlo
,,damcavi moTxovnis~1115 wardgenis uflebas. Tu mewarmes obieqturad
SeeZlo naklis aRmoCena, is veRar moiTxovs damatebiTi Sesrulebis
miRebas da verc sxva meoradi moTxovnis uflebebiT isargeblebs,
magram, Tu mewarme subieqtis brals upirispirdeba gamyidvelis gan-
zraxi brali nivTis naklis codnaSi, maSin mewarmes nivTis naklis
gamo uflebebi SeuzRudavad warmoeSoba; rac Seexeba aramewarme
myidvels, ssk-is 495-e II muxlis analizidan irkveva, rom mas naklis
aRmoCenidan nebismier dros aqvs nivTis naklis gamo meoradi moTxov-
nis uflebebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba. Tu gamyidveli daad-
gens nivTis vargisianobis vadas, maSin myidvelis mier meoradi moTx-
ovnis uflebebis gamoyenebac am vadiT iqneba Semofargluli.
naklis mqone nivTis gayidvisas mxareebs ufleba aqvT SezRu-
don an gamoricxon meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis gamoyeneba. aRniS-
nul SeTanxmebas ar eqneba iuridiuli Zala, Tu gamyidveli ganzrax
dumda nivTis naklis Sesaxeb.1116 analogiuri Sinaarsis normas ganam-
tkicebs gsk-ic im gansxvavebiT, rom pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvis
Sesaxeb daTqma baTilia rogorc nivTis naklis ganzrax dafarvis,
aseve nivTis xarisxze winaswari garantiis gacemis SemTxvevaSic.1117
1114 mniSvnelovania, rom snSk-is 35.2-e muxli gonivrul vadas uwesebs myidvels xi-
luli defeqtis aRmosaCenad, sanam Sesruleba miRebulad CaiTvlebodes samarTleb-
rivi mniSvnelobiT.
1115 termini ekuTvnis disertaciis avtors da gamoyenebulia samarTlebrivi dacvis
meqanizmebis mniSvnelobiT.

238
6. Secvlili garemoebebiT gamowveuli gulisxmierebis valdebule-
bis darRveva rogorc xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapiroba
gulisxmierebis valdebulebis Seusruleblobis darRvevis

damoukidebel saxed reglamentacia ssk-Si pirdapir ar ikveTeba, Tum-
ca xelSekrulebidan gasvlis normebis analizis safuZvelze mainc
SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli daskvnis interpretireba.
gulisxmierebis valdebuleba keTilsindisierebis umniSvnelo-
vanesi segmentia, romelic mxares kontrahentis uflebebisa da qonebi-
sadmi ekisreba.1118keTilsindisiereba gulisxmobs samoqalaqo brunvis
monawileTa moqmedebas gulisxmierebiTa da pasuxismgeblobiT, erTma-
neTis uflebebisadmi pativiscemiT mopyrobas.1119 samoqalaqo mar-
Tlwesrigi swored am principzea dafuZnebuli. keTilsindisieri qce-
va samoqalaqo brunvis monawileTa mier erTmaneTis uflebebisadmi
gulisxmierebiTa da pativiscemiT moqmedebas gulisxmobs. keTilsin-
disierebis principis ZiriTadi funqcia samarTliani Sedegebis dad-
goma da amave dros, aSkarad usamarTlo Sedegebis Tavidan acilebaa,
rac pirdapir ukavSirdeba samoqalaqo brunvis stabilurobasa da
simyares.1120 brunvaSi vlindeba is ZiriTadi principebi, romlebic
adamians aqcevs RirebulebebiT Semkul subieqtad. umTavresi am
brunvisaTvis, keTilsindisierebaa. ara yvela brunvaa faseuli, aramed
keTilsindisieri brunva... ekvivalenturi brunva ki samarTliani
brunvis sawindaria.1121
keTilsindisierebisa da gulisxmierebis principTa darRveva,
maTi mniSvnelobisa da miznis gaTvaliswinebiT, valdebulebis Seus-
ruleblobis damoukidebel saxed aris miCneuli gsk-sa da evropul
principebSi. ssk-is 405-e III ,,b~ qvepunqtis ganmartebidan ki vlindeba,
rom ssk-is 316-e II muxliT dadgenili meore mxaris uflebebisa da
qonebisadmi gansakuTrebuli gulisxmierebis valdebulebis darRvevi-
sas ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes xelSekrulebidan gasvlis ufle-
ba, Tu kreditors SesaZlebelia moeTxovos xelSekrulebis ZalaSi
datoveba. aRniSnulis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia gakeTdes daskvna,
rom Tu Secvlili garemoebebiT warmoSobili gulisxmierebis valde-
buleba mniSvnelovani xarisxiT dairRva, kreditors ekargeba ndoba
kontrahentisa da interesi Sesrulebis mimarT, Sesabamisad, aragoniv-
rulia kreditors moeTxovos xelSekrulebis ZalaSi datoveba, rac
1118 ix. ssk-is 316-e II muxli.

1119 zoiZe b., Wanturia l., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j. (red.), saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni III, Tb., 2001, 270.
1121 zoiZe b., samarTlis praqtikuli yofierebis Semecnebis cda – upiratesad
adamianis uflebaTa WrilSi, eseebi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb.,
2013, 180.
239
uflebamosili pirisaTvis xelSekrulebidan gaslis moTxovnis uf-
lebas aRmoacenebs.
amrigad, ssk-is Sesabamisi normebis analizidan gulisxmierebis
principis arsebiTi xelyofa valdebulebis darRvevis damoukidebel
saxed vlindeba,1122 romelic samarTlebrivi winapirobis saxiT xel-
Sekrulebidan gasvlis uflebas warmoSobs.
dacvis valdebulebebi miznad isaxavs, daicvas xelSekrulebis
mxareTa uflebebi, samarTlebrivi sikeTe da interesebi. aRniSnuli
valdebulebebi dacvas eqvemdebareba namdvili valdebulebiTi urTi-
erTobisagan damoukideblad.1123 ssk-is 316-e muxlSi araferia naTqvami
kreditoris interesebis dacvaze, miuxedavad amisa, dacvis valdebu-
lebebi aucileblad moicavs am ukanasknelsac.1124
1122 msgavsad, gsk-isa da evropuli principebisa.

1123 Mattheus D., Schuldrechtsmodernisierung 2001/2002, Die Neuordnung des allgemeinen
Leistungsstörungsrechts, JuS, 2002, miTiTebulia: maCalaZe s., zianis anazRaureba valdebule-
bis darRvevisas (saqarTvelosa da germaniis kanonmdeblobaTa analizi), `qarTuli
samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri gamocema, Tb., 2004, 93.
1124 maCalaZe s., zianis anazRaureba valdebulebis darRvevisas (saqarTvelosa da
germaniis kanonmdeblobaTa analizi), `qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilva~, specialuri
gamocema, Tb., 2004, 93.
240
IX. pasuxismgebloba da misgan ganTavisufleba mesame piris mier
Sesrulebis garTulebis an SeuZleblobis gamomwvevi garemoebis
aRmocenebis safuZvliT
1. pasuxismgebloba valdebulebis Semsrulebel mesame pirTa

braleuli qmedebisTvis valdebulebis Sesrulebis dabrkolebisas
arsebuli samoqalaqo brunvis pirobebSi valdebulebis Sesru-

lebis miznisaTvis xSirad, aucilebelia Sesrulebis gadandoba Se-
satyvisi da saTanado profesiuli gamocdilebis mqone pirTaTvis.1125
ssk-is 371-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu kanonidan, xelSekrulebidan an val-
debulebis bunebidan ar gamomdinareobs, rom movalem piradad unda
Seasrulos valdebuleba, maSin es valdebuleba SeiZleba Seasrulos
mesame pirmac.1126 Tanamedrove samoqalaqo brunvis pirobebSi valdebu-
lebaTa ZiriTadi nawili swored mesame piris meSveobiT sruldeba da
ara piradad xelSekrulebis monawileTa mier. iuridiul doqtrinaSi
mesame pirebs, romlebzec xorcieldeba valdebulebis Sesrulebis
delegireba, subSemsruleblebs uwodeben.
mxare valdebulebis sxva pirze delegirebiT ar Tavisufldeba
SeusruleblobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan.1127 mesame piris braleu-
li qmedeba miewereba mxares, visTvisac ideba xelSekruleba, an
sruldeba xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebuleba.1128 aRniS-
nuli wesi ara mkacri pasuxismgeblobis saxe, aramed sxvisi brali-
saTvis pasuxismgeblobis principis gamovlinebaa.
ssk-is 396-e muxlTan kavSirSi unda iTqvas, rom sxvisi bra-
lisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis princips emyareba: damqiraveblis pasuxis-
mgebloba qvemoqiravnis moqmedebisaTvis, menardis pasuxismgebloba
SemkveTis winaSe submenardis moqmedebisaTvis, eqspeditoris pasuxis-
mgebloba damxmaris moqmedebisaTvis da sxva. igive wesi moqmedebs
ijaris xelSekrulebaSic. sxvisi bralis gamo pasuxismgeblobis
principi moqmedebs deliqtur samarTalSic. magaliTad, xelSekrule-
bis mxare valdebulia, aanazRauros misi muSakis mier SromiTi mova-
leobebis Sesrulebisas mesame pirisaTvis marTlsawinaaRmdego qmede-
biT miyenebuli ziani.1129
1125 ZlieriSvili z., valdebulebis Sesruleba, Tb., 2006, 15.

1126 es samarTlebrivi tradicia jer kidev romis samarTlisgan momdinareobs. ix.
Zweigert K., Kötz H., Introduction to Comparative Law, Vol. II-The Institutions of Private Law, 2nd Revised
ed., Translated from German by Weir T., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987, 299.
1127 Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, Part I and II, Kluwer Law International, The

1128 ix. iqve, 135. aseve, ssk-is 104-e muxli.
241
evropuli principebis 1:305-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu pirma, ro-
melsac saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis monawile mxarem miando xel-
Sekrulebis dadeba an valdebulebis Sesruleba:
a) icoda an iTvaliswinebda garkveuli faqtis arsebobas, an
valdebuli iyo scodnoda an gaeTvaliswinebina;
b) moqmedebda ganzraxviT an uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT, an ke-
Tilsindisierebisa da gulisxmierebis principebis sawinaaRmdegod,
maSin aRniSnuli garemoebis codnis, gaTvaliswinebisa da braleuli
qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgebloba xelSekrulebis monawile mxares dae-
kisreba.
evropuli principebis 7:106-e muxli aregulirebs mesame piris
mier valdebulebis Sesrulebis sakiTxs, sadac gamoiyofa ori Sem-
Txveva:
1) im SemTxvevis garda, rodesac movalis mier valdebulebis
piradad Sesruleba xelSekrulebidan gamomdinareobs, kreditors ar
SeuZlia uari Tqvas valdebulebis mesame piris mier Sesrulebaze,
Tu:
Aa) mesame piri moqmedebs movalis TanxmobiT;
Bb) mesame pirs aqvs xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis legitimuri in-
teresi, amasTan, movale valdebulebas ver asrulebs, an momavalSi
mosalodnelia mis mier vadamosuli valdebulebis darRvevis faqti;
2) aRniSnuli muxlis pirveli nawilis safuZvelze mesame piris
mier valdebulebis jerovani Sesruleba aTavisuflebs movales Ses-
rulebis valdebulebisgan.
Tu mesame piris mier valdebulebis jerovani Sesruleba evro-
puli principebis 7:106-e (2) muxlis ZaliT aTavisuflebs movales sa-
xelSekrulebo valdebulebisagan, Sesabamisad, mesame piris mier val-
debulebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, movale pasuxismgebeli rCeba kre-
ditoris winaSe da am ukanasknels meoradi moTxovnis uflebebi war-
moiSoba Tavdapirveli movalis mimarT. kreditorTan valdebulebiT-
samarTlebrivi urTierTobis mxarea valdebulebis mesame pirze ga-
damndobi subieqti da, Sesabamisad, valdebulebis Seusruleblobi-
saTvis pirdapiri pasuxismgebloba kreditoris winaSe mas daekisre-
ba.1130
venis konvenciis 79-e (1) muxlis Tanaxmad, movale pasuxismgebe-
lia yvela im piris bralisaTvis, romelsac iyenebs mTlianad an nawi-
lobriv sakuTari valdebulebis Sesasruleblad. aRniSnuli zogadi
principi gulisxmobs, rom Tu movales aqvs an SeeZlo hqonoda gar-
kveuli warmodgena faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, maSin es codna
mas bralis saxiT Seeracxeba.1131
242
msgavsad, unificirebuli samarTlisa, germanuli samarTali
cnobs movalis pasuxismgeblobas im piris bralisaTvis, romelsac
Tavad iyenebs sakuTari valdebulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis. aRniS-
nuli sakiTxis regulirebisas qarTveli da germaneli kanonmdeblis
neba erTmaneTs da venis konvenciis regulirebas emTxveva. gsk-is 278-e
paragrafi ganamtkicebs sxvisi bralisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis
identur wess ssk-is 396-e muxlTan mimarTebiT: movale Tavisi kanonie-
ri warmomadgenlis, aseve im pirTa braleuli moqmedebisaTvis, ro-
melTac iyenebs sakuTari valdebulebis Sesasruleblad, iseTive mo-
culobiT agebs pasuxs, rogoriTac sakuTari braleuli moqmedebisaT-
vis.
am SemTxvevaSi movalisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis sa-
fuZvelia misi brali, romelic gamoixateba valdebulebis Semsrule-
bel pirTa SerCevisas sakmarisi windaxedulebisa da maTze saTanado
meTvalyureobis ganuxorcieleblobiT. am SemTxvevaSi ar gamoiyeneba
gsk-is 276-e III paragrafi da Sesabamisad, ssk-is 395-e II muxli: dauSve-
belia mxareTa winaswari SeTanxmeba movalis mier ganzraxi moqmede-
biT valdebulebis darRvevisas zianis anazRaurebisgan misi ganTavi-
suflebis Sesaxeb.1132
gsk-is 179-e I paragrafis ZaliT, warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamo-
silebis armqone piri an warmomadgeneli, romlis uflebamosilebac
ar mtkicdeba, valdebulia, ganaxorcielos Sesruleba an aanazRau-
ros damdgari ziani, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu principali ar moiwonebs
xelSekrulebas. Tuki pirma ar icoda warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamo-
silebis arqonis Sesaxeb, maSin igi pasuxismgebelia im zianisaTvis,
rac meore xelSemkvrel mxares miadga arauflebamosili warmomad-
genlis mimarT arsebuli mcdari ndobis Sedegad. anazRaurebas eqvem-
debareba ziani, romelic ar aRemateba kreditoris saxelSekrulebo
interess valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTierTobaSi. kontrahentis
mier warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebis ararsebobis Sesaxeb cod-
nis an codnis realuri SesaZleblobis faqti miT ufro gamoricxavs
arauflebamosili warmomadgenlis pasuxismgeblobas. aseve ar ekisre-
ba pasuxismgebloba SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone pirs, Tu igi
moqmedebda kanonieri warmomadgenlis TanxmobiT.1133
xSirad valdebulebis Sesruleba damokidebulia mesame piris
mier xelSekrulebis monawilis mimarT sakuTari valdebulebis dro-
ul Sesrulebaze. magaliTad, ssk-is 397-e muxlis Tanaxmad, movale pa-
suxismgebelia SesrulebisaTvis maSinac, roca Sesrulebis sagani
sxva pirisgan unda mieRo da ver miiRo, Tuki xelSekrulebidan an ga-
remoebebidan sxva ram ar gamomdinareobs. aq saubaria mesame piris
1132 aRniSnuli mowesrigebac ssk-is 395-e II muxlSi gansazRvruli regulirebis iden-

turia.
243
braleul Seusruleblobaze, romelic movales ar aTavisuflebs kre-
ditoris winaSe Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan. Tuki mesame piris mi-
marT dgeba Sesrulebis iseTi damabrkolebeli garemoeba, romelic
zogadad pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis safuZvels qmnis, ma-
Sin Sesrulebis valdebuleba an pasuxismgebloba movales aRar dae-
kisreba.
2. SromiTi da valdebulebiTsamarTlebrivi urTierTobebis

gansxvaveba mesame pirTa qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis WrilSi
samarTlebrivi Sedegebisa da pasuxismgeblobis TvalsazrisiT,

mniSvnelovania gsk-is 278-e da 831-e paragrafebis Sepirispireba: gsk-is
278-e paragrafis (sakuTari saqmeebis mimarT gulisxmiereba) Tanaxmad,
movale Tavisi warmomadgenlis da im pirTa moqmedebisaTvis,
romelTac igi iyenebs sakuTari valdebulebis Sesasruleblad,
pasuxs agebs iseTive moculobiT rogorc sakuTari moqmedebis dros.
am SemTxvevaSi SezRudva ganzraxi braliT miyenebuli zianis anazRa-
urebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb ar gamoiyeneba (gsk-is 276-e III paragrafi).
gsk-is 831-e paragrafis Sesabamisad, subieqti, romelic sxva
pirs akisrebs davalebis Sesrulebas, pasuxismgebelia im zianis
anazRaurebaze, romelsac es ukanaskneli davalebis Sesrulebisas
ayenebs mimndob subieqts. zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba ar dgeba,
Tu marwmunebeli daqiravebuli piris SerCevisas iCens samoqalaqo
brunvisaTvis aucilebel zrunvasa da yuradRebianobas. xolo Tu
mindobili valdebulebis Sinaarsi aris mowyobilobebis an xelsaw-
yoebis SeZena an davalebis Sesrulebis xelmZRvaneloba, maSin pasu-
xismgebloba gamoiricxeba Tu mindobili piri aucilebel zrunvas
iCens SeZenisa Tu xelmZRvanelobisas, anda Tu ziani mainc dadgeboda
aseTi zrunvis gamoCenis SemTxvevaSic.1134
qarTul samarTalSi piri, romelic iyenebs daqiravebul Sro-
mas, valdebulia aanazRauros is ziani, romelic dasaqmebulma samu-
Saos Sesrulebis procesSi marTlsawinaaRmdegod miayena mesame pirs.
zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba ar aRmocendeba, Tuki damsaqmebel-
ma gamoiCina gonivruli windaxeduleba dasaqmebulis kandidaturis
SerCevaSi an aseTi ziani, miuxedavad windaxedulebis zomebis dacvi-
sa, mainc dadgeboda.Adamsaqmebeli an nebismieri sxva piri, romelsac
evaleba zedamxedvelobis gaweva samuSao procesze an aparaturiTa
da inventariT uzrunvelyofa, valdebulia, aanazRauros damdgari
ziani.1135 gansxvavebiT zemoT moyvanili regulirebisa, valdebulebiT
1134 WeWelaSvili z. (mTarg. da red.), germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsi, 2010 wlis

pirveli martis mdgomareobiT, ,,siesta~, Tb., 2010, 176.

244
samarTalSi movale ver aicilebs pasuxismgeblobas imis mtkicebiT,
rom man valdebulebis Semsrulebeli didi windaxedulebiT SearCia.
vinaidan gsk-is 278-e da 831-e paragrafebs gamoyenebis gansxvave-
buli winapirobebi aqvT, Sesabamisad, maT Sefardebas gansxvavebuli
samarTlebrivi Sedegebi ukavSirdeba. pasuxismgeblobis wesis
gansxvavebis safuZvelia is, rom gsk-is 278-e paragrafSi saubaria
iseT SemTxvevaze, rodesac movale sakuTari valdebulebis Sesasru-
leblad iyenebs mesame pirs (,,saxelSekrulebo damxmares~), romelic
ar aris dasaqmebuli SromiTsamarTlebrivi gagebiT, rogorc es gad-
mocemulia gsk-is 831-e paragrafSi.
Tu xelSekruleba ideba mxolod valdebulebis Sesrulebis
uzrunvelsayofad, maSin warmomadgenlis braleuli moqmedebisaTvis
pasuxismgeblobis principi ar gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, mwarmoebeli
ar ganixileba ,,saxelSekrulebo damxmared~ gamyidvelisaTvis, ro-
melsac akisria saqonlis miwodebis valdebuleba.1136
3. mesame pirTa monawileobiT damyarebuli urTierTobebis

gansxvaveba sxva samarTlebrivi konstruqciebisagan
valdebulebis Sesruleba mesame piris meSveobiT gansxvavdeba,

rogorc valis gadakisrebis, aseve uflebis daTmobis samarTlebrivi
konstruqciisgan.1137 valis gadakisrebisaTvis kreditoris Tanxmoba
savaldebulod moiTxoveba, radgan axali piri erTveba saxelSekru-
lebo urTierTobaSi da maT Soris aRmocendeba relatiuri urTier-
Toba. am SemTxvevaSi Tavdapirvel movales Caenacvleba axali subieq-
ti, amitom kreditorisaTvis misi pirovneba, valdebulebis Sesrule-
bis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT, Zalian mniSvnelovania. sul
sxvagvaradaa saqme qvekontraqtis SemTxvevaSi – kreditorsa da mesame
pirs Soris ar aRmocendeba pirdapiri saxelSekrulebo urTierToba.
valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis uSualod (per se) kreditoris wi-
naSe pasuxismgebeli isev Tavdapirveli movale rCeba.
germanuli samarTali cnobs davalebis xelSekrulebas, rom-
lis ZaliT rwmunebuli sanacvlo anazRaurebis gareSe (without quid pro
quo) kisrulobs garkveuli samuSaos Sesrulebas marwmuneblis saxe-
liT.1138 rwmunebuli valdebulia, gadasces marwmunebels yvelaferi,
rac saqmiswarmoebis procesSi miiRo da moiTxovos yvela aucilebe-
li da miznobrivi xarjis anazRaureba. davalebis xelSekrulebaSi
rwmunebuls SeuZlia, gadaandos valdebulebis Sesruleba mesame
pirs, Tuki mas pirdapir mieca Tanxmoba, an amis aucilebloba gamom-
1137 iqve, 363.
245
dinareobs Seqmnili viTarebidan.1139 davalebis gadandoba mesame piri-
saTvis SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc marwmuneblis, ise rwmunebu-
lis saxeliT. pirvel SemTxvevaSi mesame piri uSualod (vis-á-vis) pasu-
xismgebeli xdeba marwmuneblis winaSe valdebulebis darRvevisaTvis,
radgan maT Soris pirdapiri saxelSekrulebo urTierToba myardeba;
xolo marwmunebelsa da mesame pirs Soris xelSekrulebis ararsebo-
bis SemTxvevaSi, marwmunebeli uflebamosilia, mxolod rwmunebulis
saxeliT moiTxovos valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis zianis
anazRaureba. rwmunebuli pasuxismgebelia im bralisaTvis, rac mas mi-
uZRvis davalebis gadandobisas mesame piris SerCevaSi (culpa in eligen-
do).1140
ssk-is 711-e II muxlis Tanaxmad, davalebis mesame pirisaTvis ga-
dandobisas rwmunebuli pasuxs agebs mxolod im bralisaTvis, rome-
lic miuZRvis mas aRniSnuli piris SerCevaSi. aseve Semnaxveli pasuxs
agebs Senaxvis adgilis an mesame piris SerCevaSi, romelsac gadas-
cems xelSekrulebis sagans,1141 aseve, qvenardobis xelSekrulebaSi
SemkveTis winaSe pasuxismgebelia generaluri menarde da ara subme-
narde. ssk-is 718-e muxlis Tanaxmad, marwmunebels ekisreba pasuxis-
mgebloba rwmunebulis mier davalebis ganxorcielebis dros warmo-
Sobili zianisaTvis.
movales regresuli moTxovnis wardgenis ufleba aqvs faqtob-
rivi Semsruleblis mimarT. warmomadgenlobiT urTierTobaSi ufle-
ba-movaleobebi warmoeSoba warmodgenil pirs, romlis saxeliTac
ideba garigeba. Sesabamisad, urTierTobis subieqtebad ganixilebian
mesame piri da warmodgenili subieqti.
4. mesame pirTa statusi da pasuxismgeblobisgan ,,ormagi

ganTavisuflebis~ wesi
mesame piris CarTulobiT damyarebul saxelSekrulebo

urTierTobaSi mniSvnelovania ganisazRvros, SeuZlia TuU ara mxares
ganTavisufldes pasuxismgeblobisagan mesame piris mier valdebule-
bis Seusruleblobis gamo.
gansxvavebiT unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebisa da
evropuli principebisagan, venis konvencia mesame piris statusis ga-
morCeul mowesrigebas iTvaliswinebs.1142 kerZod, venis konvenciis 79-e
1140 ix. Markesinis S.B., Unberath H., Johnston A., The German Law of Contract – A Comparative Treatise,
2nd ed., Hart Publishing, Oregon, Oxford and Portland, 363.

1141 ix. ssk-is (saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, saqarTvelos parlamentis
oficialuri gamocema, ùwyebani~, sakanonmdeblo damateba, #31, 1997) 766-e II muxli.
1142 aRniSnuli problema konvenciis SemuSavebis procesSi erT-erT umniSvnelovanes
sadavo sakiTxad iqna warmodgenili. ix. Schlechtriem P., Uniform Sales Law, The UN Conventi-
246
muxlis formirebis istoria cxadyofs, rom mesame pirebad ganimarte-
ba movalis organizaciuli sferosa da pasuxismgeblobis sferos
miRma arsebuli damoukidebeli subieqtebi.1143 Sesabamisad, konvenciis
miznebisaTvis mesame pirebad ganixilebian is subieqtebi, romlebic
movalis organizaciul farglebsa da pasuxismgeblobis sferos
gareT moqmedeben.1144
konvenciis normebis formirebisas mesame pirebi, statusis
mixedviT, or ZiriTad jgufad daiyo:
_ pirvel jgufSi moazrebuli mesame pirebi (venis konvenciis 79-e
(1) muxli) marTalia, kreditoris winaSe ar waradgenen valdebulebis
Sesrulebas, magram qmnian movalis mier valdebulebis ganxorciele-
bis winapirobebs (magaliTad, nedli masalis an naxevradwarmoebuli
produqciis mimwodeblebi, damxmare agentebi).
aRniSnuli wesi ar gamoiyeneba, Tu mimwodebeli bazarze domi-
nanti, gabatonebuli mdgomareobis mqone subieqtia an Tu mimwodeb-
lis SerCevaSi myidveli iRebda monawileobas da gamyidvels araviTa-
ri zemoqmedebis SesaZlebloba mimwodebelze ar aqvs.1145
_ meore jgufis (venis konvenciis 79-e (2) muxli) saxiT saxel-
debian is subieqtebi, romlebic ekonomikurad da organizaciulad
damoukideblebi arian gamyidvelisagan da mis mier CarTulni arian
urTierTobaSi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis mTlianad an nawilob-
rivi Sesrulebis mizniT.1146 mesame pirSi aseT SemTxvevaSi igulisxme-
ba iseTi subieqti, romelic ekonomikurad damoukidebelia gamyidve-
on on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Manzsche Verlagsund niversitätsbuchhandlung,

Vienna,1986, <http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/schlechtriem-79.html#b*>, [25.10.2014].
1143 Stoll H., Exemptions, in Commentary on U.N. Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG),
Schlechtriem P. (ed.), Thomas G. (trans.), 2nd ed., 1998, para.35, 615, Flambouras D. P., The Doctrines of
Impossibility of Performance and clausula rebus sic stantibus in the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts
Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 274,
1144 Stoll H., Exemptions, in Commentary on U.N. Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG),
Schlechtriem P. (ed.), Thomas G. (trans.), 2nd ed. 1998, miTiTebulia: Flambouras D.P.,The Doctrines of
Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus SIC Stantibus in the 1980 Convention on Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods and the Principles of European Contract Law - A Comparative Analysis, Pace
Intl'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 274,
[08.08.2014].
1145 ix. Schlechtriem P., Uniform Sales Law, The UNConvention on Contracts for the International Sale of
Goods, Manzsche Verlagsund Universitätsbuchhandlung, Wien, 1986,

<http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/schlechtriem-79-e.html>; Schlechtriem P., Uniform Sales Law,
The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Manzsche Verlagsund niversitätsbuch-
handlung, Vienna, 1986, <http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/schlechtriem-79.html#b*>, [08.08.2014].
1146 ix. Tallon D. in Commentary on the International Sales Law: The 1980 Vienna Sales Convention (edited
by Bianca M., Bonell M.J., Milan, 1987, 545,

<http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/tallon-bb79-e.html>, [08.08.2014].
247
lisagan, organizaciulad ar eqvemdebareba gamyidvels da, Sesabami-
sad, ar moiazreba misi pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi.1147
venis konvenciis 79-e (2) muxli ganamtkicebs ,,ormagi forsma-
Joris~ wess, romlis Tanaxmad, Tu valdebulebis Seusrulebloba ga-
mowveulia mesame piris mier, romelic movalis mier CarTul iqna
valdebulebis srulad an misi nawilis SesrulebaSi, movalisa da me-
same piris pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba daiSveba 79-e (1) mux-
liT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas. amasTan, movalis
ganTavisufleba pasuxismgeblobisgan daiSveba Tu igi pasuxismgeblo-
bis gamomricxavi safuZvlebis arsebobas daadasturebs ara mxolod
sakuTar TavTan, aramed mesame pirTan mimarTebiTac.1148
amdenad, 79-e (2) muxli moiTxovs qvekontraqtis arsebobas, ro-
melic, Tavisi arsiT, Tavdapirvel xelSekrulebas ukavSirdeba, Tum-
ca qvekontraqtis monawile mxare organulad damoukidebelia mTava-
ri xelSekrulebis mxarisagan.1149 iuridiul doqtrinaSi aRiarebulia,
rom movalis mimwodeblebi (79-e (1) muxli) ar unda iqnen ganxiluli
mesame pirebad 79-e (2) muxlis SinaarsiT, radgan isini mxolod wina-
pirobebs qmnian valdebulebis SesrulebisTvis an daxmarebas uweven
movales misi momzadebis procesSi, magram ar asruleben valdebule-
bas sruli an nawilobrivi moculobiT.1150 igive wesi moqmedebs mova-
lis dasaqmebulebis mimarT.1151
amrigad, 79-e (2) muxli mxolod iseT mesame pirebze vrceldeba,
romlebic pirdapir, uSualod asruleben valdebulebas an mis gar-
kveul nawils. magaliTad, energiis mimwodeblis mier valdebulebis
1147 ix. Tallon D., in Commentary on the International Sales Law: The 1980 Vienna Sales Convention (ed. by
M. Bianca and M.J. Bonell, Milan, 1987, 545, <http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/tallon-bb79-e.html>,
[08.08.2014].
Publications, Inc, Dobbs, Ferry, New York, 2004, 219; Flambouras D.P.,The Doctrines of Impossibility of
Performance and Clausula Rebus SIC Stantibus in the 1980 Convention on Contracts for the International
Sale of Goods and the Principles of European Contract Law - A Comparative Analysis, Pace Intl'l L. Rev.,
Vol. 13, 2001, 273,
[08.08.2014].
1149 Pizer L.K., Smith M.R. (eds in Chief), Southerington T., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the
2004, 288.
1150 Liu Ch., Newman M.S. (ed.), Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from SISG, UNIDROIT
Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC, Huntington, New York, 2007, 688.
1151 ix. Switzerland 29 October 2003, Tribunale D’appelo [Appellate Court], Lugano, Cantone, del Dicino,
miTiTebulia: Liu Ch., Newman M.S. (ed., Remedies in International Sales, Perspectives from SISG,
UNIDROIT Principles and PECL, JurisNet, LLC, Huntington, New York, 2007, 689; Flambouras D. P., The
Doctrines of Impossibility of Performance and Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus in the 1980 Vienna
Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Principles of European Contract Law: A
Comparative Analysis, Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol. 13, 2001, 274,
248
Sesruleba mTavari xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis winapirobaa, magram
ara misi nawili.
,,ormagi ganTavisuflebis~ testis1152 gamoyenebis sakiTxi wydeba
mxarisa da mesame piris mimarT 79-e (1) muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wi-
napirobebis arsebobis Sefasebis safuZvelze. aRniSnuli wesi imoqme-
debs maSinac, rodesac gamyidvels ar evaleboda misi mimwodeblebis
SerCeva an kontroli, aseve saqonlis moZieba SeuZlebeli iyo sxva
wyaros gamoyenebiT.1153 amasTan, pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis
unda dasturdebodes ganuyofeli kavSiri qvekontraqtsa da ZiriTad
xelSekrulebas Soris; gamyidvelis mier mesame mxare CarTuli unda
iyos urTierTobaSi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis garkveuli
nawilis Sesasruleblad da mas gacnobierebuli unda hqondes, rom
konkretuli qmedebis ganxorcieleba pirdapir dakavSirebulia
xelSekrulebis SesrulebasTan.1154
Sromis organizaciis pirobebiT motivirebuli gaficva an lo-
kauti, Cveulebriv, movalis biznesis sferos eqvemdebareba1155 damsaq-
meblis dawesebulebaSi momuSave personalis msgavsad.1156 zogadad, sa-
kuTar organizaciul arealSi moqceuli personalisaTvis pasuxis-
mgebloba movalis riskis sferoSi moiazreba.1157 pasuxismgeblobis ga-
momricxvel garemoebad movale ver daasaxelebs im faqts, rom perso-
nalis SerCeva saTanado windaxedulebiT ganxorcielda, an rom da-
saqmebulebi misi miTiTebebis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebdnen.1158 mova-
lis pasuxismgebloba gamoiricxeba Tu mas ar hqonda mesame piris Ta-
visufali SerCevis SesaZlebloba bazarze am ukanasknelis dominire-
buli mdgomareobis arsebobis gamo.1159
politikuri Sinaarsis gaficvebi SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnes
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad, Tu xelSekrulebis
formirebis etapze aRniSnuli dabrkolebis gaTvaliswineba an Sede-
gebis daZleva SeuZlebeli iyo gonivruli zomebis gamoyenebiT, aseve
1153 Pizer L.K., Smith M.R. (eds in Chief), Southerington T., Review of the Convention on Contracts for the
2004, 288.
1154 iqve.

2012, 660.
(CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1067, 1077.

1158 Tumca, sakuTari SromiTi personali ar ganixileba mesame pirad, 79-e (2) muxlis
mniSvnelobiT. Schlechtriem P., Schwenzer I., Commentary on the UN Convention on the International
Sale of Goods (CISG), 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010, 1072.
249
Tu obieqturad ver ganxorcieldeboda saTanado rezervis akumuli-
reba.1160
saqonlis miRebis dabrkoleba momwodeblis SromiT davaSi Cab-
mis gamo, movalis riskis sferos ganekuTvneba, garda im SemTxvevisa,
rodesac movale konkretul momwodebelze damokidebulia saxelSek-
rulebo urTierTobidan gamomdinare an bazarze mowodebis sxva wya-
ros ararsebobis gaTvaliswinebiT. igive wesi vrceldeba gaficvebis
safuZvliT sagzao Tu sahaero transportis muSaobis Seferxebaze.
safinanso organizaciebis muSakebis gaficvis SemTxvevaSi, mova-
lem gadaxda sxva bankis meSveobiT unda ganaxorcielos.1161 fuladi
valdebulebis movalec pasuxismgebelia daTqmul angariSze Tanxis
droul gadaricxvaze.1162
evropul principebSi mesame piris mier valdebulebis Sesru-
lebis procesSi warmoSobili dabrkoleba, romelic akmayofilebs
Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis1163 winapirobebs, aris Tavda-
pirveli movalis pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebis safuZve-
li.1164
unidruas saxelSekrulebo principebi da evropuli principebi
mesame pirebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxis gansxvavebul mowesrigebas
iTvaliswinebs da ar adgens pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebi-
sTvis ,,ormagi forsmaJoris~ wess. amasTan, es samarTlebrivi
instrumentebi mesame pirebis cnebaSi aerTianebs, rogorc dasaqmebu-
lebs da agentebs (pirebi, romlebic venis konvenciis mixedviT
erTiandebian pirvel jgufSi), aseve, damoukidebel qvekontraqtorebs
(pirebi, romlebic venis konvenciis mixedviT, erTiandebian meore
jgufSi).1165
1161 iqve.
1162 iqve, 1074.
1163 ix. evropuli principebis 8:108-e I muxli.

1165 ix.: The UNCITRAL Digest of Case Law on the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of
Goods, 2004; Lando O., Beale H., Principles of European Contract Law, Part I and II, Kluwer Law
International, The Hague/London/Boston, 2000, 378.
250
X. daskvna
saxelSekrulebo komerciuli urTierTobebis regulirebis moq-

nili samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs samoqa-
laqo brunvis stabilurobas, ayalibebs simdidrisa da Zalauflebis
ganawilebis moqnil sistemas, amasTan, igi samarTlis subieqtTa inte-
resebis ganxorcielebisa da sazogadoebis mdgradi ekonomikuri gan-
viTarebis winapirobaa.
Secvlili garemoebebis gavleniT garTulebuli saxelSekrule-
bo valdebulebis arsebobisas, sabazro urTierTobebis marTvis efeq-
turi sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebiT SesaZlebelia miRweul iqnes kon-
trahentTa interesebis samarTliani gadanawileba da saxelSekrule-
bo wonasworobis SenarCuneba.
xelSekrulebis uzenaesobis fuZemdebluri danawesi – Pacta Sunt
Servanda – samoqalaqo samarTlis zogad, transnacionalur principad
aris aRiarebuli. kerZosamarTlebrivi principebis aRsruleba sikeTe-
Ta samarTliani ganawilebisa da samoqalaqo brunvis subieqtTa inte-
resebis, urTierTsanacvlo ufleba-movaleobebis aRsrulebis mizans
emsaxureba. Secvlili garemoebebis arsebobisas, rodesac xelSekru-
lebis daurRvevlobis principis dacva saxelSekrulebo Tanasworo-
bisa da keTilsindisierebis xelyofas ganapirobebs, wina planze
inacvlebs saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobisa da interesTa balansis
aRdgenis amocana, romelic samoqalaqo samarTlis dacviTi funqciiT
aris arsobrivad gansazRvruli. Sesabamisad, saxelSekrulebo boWvis
sakiTxi gadasinjvasa da pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxveli safuZvle-
bis arsebobis analizs eqvemdebareba.
Secvlili garemoebebiT ganpirobebuli Sesrulebis garTulebi-
sa da forsmaJoris sabaziso koncefciebi mniSvnelovnad uaxlovdebi-
an erTmaneTs damafuZnebeli samarTlebrivi winapirobebiT (maxasia-
TeblebiT), magram gansxvavdebian Tanamdevi samarTlebrivi SedegebiT.
obieqturad ganxorcielebadi valdebulebis Sesrulebis ukidu-
resi garTulebisas Secvlili garemoebebisadmi Tavdapirveli SeTan-
xmebis misadagebis samarTlebrivi meqanizmi ganixileba xelSekrule-
bis gadarCenisa da, imavdroulad, mxareTa interesebis samarTlebrivi
dacvis saSualebad. forsmaJori ki valdebulebis absoluturi SeuZ-
leblobis an Sesrulebis damZimebis is xarisxia, rodesac Sesrule-
bis valdebulebisgan da pasuxismgeblobisgan mxareTa ganTavisufle-
ba saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobisa da Tanasworuflebianobis uz-
runvelyofis erTaderT instrumentad saxeldeba.
Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleblobis mWidrod dakavSire-
buli koncefciebis urTierTdamokidebulebis dadgena, miT ufro,
rom forsmaJoris cneba mxolod absoluturi SeuZleblobis SemTxve-
vebiT ar Semoifargleba, umniSvnelovanesia pasuxismgeblobis sazR-
251
vrebis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT. saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobisa da
Tanasworuflebianobis principebis dacvis SesaZlebloba is demarka-
ciuli xazia, romelic Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleblobis
sazRvrebs mijnavs – erTi mxriv, xelSekrulebis adaptaciis da, meo-
re mxriv, Sesrulebis valdebulebisagan sruli ganTavisuflebis sa-
xiT. mocemul SemTxvevaSi xelSekrulebis uzenaesobisa da saxelSek-
rulebo Tanasworobis principTa Soris upiratesobis sakiTxi dgeba.
aRniSnuli problemis analizi samarTlianobis universaluri princi-
pis uzrunvelyofisTvis xelSekrulebis daurRvevlobis principis ka-
nonieri da Tanazomieri SezRudvis sakiTxis kvlevas gulisxmobs.
unificirebuli, angloamerikuli da kontinenturi civilisturi mec-
nierebis Seswavlis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom samarTlis
principebis SezRudva dasaSvebia mxolod samarTlis subieqtTa inte-
resebis ganxorcielebisa da samarTlianobis principTa uzrunvelyo-
fisaTvis.
samarTlis mzardi unifikaciis procesis kvaldakval umniSvne-
lovanesia Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis saerTaSoriso samar-
Tlebrivi sistemebis fundamentur standartebTan harmonizacia.
srulyofa nacionaluri kanonmdeblobisa, romelic unifikaciis pro-
cesis integraluri nawilia, gulisxmobs erovnuli samarTlis insti-
tutebis mecnieruli kvleviT dasabuTebul daaxloebas da misi Sesa-
bamisobis uzrunvelyofas wamyvani, demokratiul Rirebulebebze ori-
entirebuli samarTlebrivi sistemebis standartebTan. rameTu samar-
Talic kveTs saxelmwifoebriv sazRvrebs, mecnieruli kvlevac glo-
balur mimarTulebazea orientirebuli, romelic Sesrulebis garTu-
lebisa da forsmaJoris institutebis Seswavlas gulisxmobs sxvadas-
xva samarTlebriv sistemaSi damkvidrebuli analogi institutebis
urTierTkavSirSi ganxilvis gziT.
marTlwesrigTa umravlesoba Secvlili garemoebebis pirobebis
arsebobisas samarTlianobisa da Tanasworuflebianobis principTa
dacvisken stilurad gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebiT miis-
wrafvis. unifikaciis procesma da internacionalizaciam aRniSnuli
gansxvavebuloba mniSvnelovnad Seamcira, winaaRmdegobebi aRmofxvra
da samarTlebrivi dacvis instrumentebi erTmaneTTan daaaxlova.
angloamerikul samarTalSi moqmedi mkacri pasuxismgeblobis
principis safuZvelze yvela pirobas garantiis Zala eniWeboda. xel-
Sekrulebis yvela arsebiTi pirobis zedmiwevniTi sizustiT Seusru-
lebloba valdebulebis darRvevas afuZnebda Sesabamisi pasuxismgeb-
lobiT. etapobrivad ganxorcielda mkacri pasuxismgeblobis kombi-
nireba braleuli pasuxismgeblobis principTan da am gziT anglo-
amerikuli samarTali dauaxlovda kontinenturi samarTlis iuri-
diuli azrovnebis sistemas. angloamerikulma msoflmxedvelobam
gverdi ver auara Secvlili garemoebebis sakiTxis mowesrigebas da
xelSekrulebis miznis amaoebisa da komerciuli ganuxorcieleblo-
252
bis doqtrinebis sakanonmdeblo implementaciiT daazusta da daakon-
kreta SeTanxmebis mboWavi Zalis moqmedebis farglebi.
fundamenturi msgavsebis miuxedavad, qarTuli samarTlis ara-
erTi koncefcia mniSvnelovnad scildeba germaniis samoqalaqo
sjuldebiT ganmtkicebul analog institutebs da winaaRmdegobrivi
mowesrigebiT gamoixateba. kontinenturi da angloamerikuli samar-
Tlis fuZemdebluri koncefciebis unificireba da harmonizacia, ma-
Ti erovnuli barierebisagan da winaaRmdegobrivi regulirebisagan
ganTavisufleba da kompromisuli midgoma samarTlis fundamenturi
kategoriebis mimarT, emsaxureba komerciuli urTierTobebis stabi-
lurobasa da saerTaSoriso sivrcis procesebis prognozirebas. aR-
niSnulma aucileblobam ,,ganapiroba saxelSekrulebo samarTlis
sruli transformacia.~1166
Sesabamisad zemoaRniSnulisa, nebismieri samarTlebrivi siste-
mis da, maT Soris, qarTuli samoqalaqo samarTlis umTavresi amoca-
naa, pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxvel safuZvelTa sistemis formireba
da Sesrulebis dabrkolebis cnebis misadageba zogad saxelSekrule-
bo principebTan. rameTu SedarebiTsamarTlebrivma kvlevam aCvena,
rom mowinave samarTlebrivi kulturis mqone samarTlebrivi sisteme-
bi sul ufro eswrafvian pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis sa-
fuZvelTa unificirebas.
zogadi saxelSekrulebo principebi unificirebuli da ganzoga-
debuli samarTlebrivi konstruqciebia, romlebic gamoiyeneba saer-
TaSoriso komerciul xelSekrulebaTa sayovelTaod, saerTaSoriso
doneze aRiarebuli principebis mniSvnelobiT. zogadi saxelSekrule-
bo principebi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis xarvezuli da Ria
normebis, aseve, xelSekrulebis pirobebis ganmartebisa da Sevsebis
qmediT meqanizmad SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli.
forsmaJori da valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTuleba, rogorc
Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebis da xelSekrulebis
adaptaciis safuZveli, saerTaSoriso komerciul da savaWro samar-
TalSi aRiarebulia saxelSekrulebo samarTlis uzogades principe-
bad. aRniSnuli koncefciebi aerTianebs sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi
sistemisTvis niSandobliv, magram ganzogadebul da neitralur sa-
marTlebriv maxasiaTeblebs da sakuTar cnebaSi moiazrebs aucilebe-
li, ZiriTadi winapirobebis sistemur erTobliobas.
ssk ar iTvaliswinebs Secvlil garemoebebTan dakavSirebuli
problematikis reglamentacias Sesrulebis garTulebis an forsmaJo-
ris saxelwodebiT. Tumca, qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT ganmtkicebuli
koncefciebi arsobrivad valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebisa da
1166
Wanturia l., zoiZe b., niniZe T., Sengelia r., xecuriani j., saqarTvelos samo-
Tb., 2001, 1.
253
forsmaJoris uzogades samarTlebriv principebs exmianeba. miuxeda-
vad aRniSnulisa, Secvlili garemoebebis maregulirebeli normebi
sakiTxis fragmentuli mowesrigebiT xasiaTdeba _ Secvlili garemoe-
bebiT garTulebuli saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesrulebis sa-
kiTxis sakanonmdeblo mowesrigebis analizi qarTul samarTalSi av-
lens araerT mniSvnelovan xarvezs rogorc sistemuri, ise Sinaarsob-
rivi TvalsazrisiT:
ssk-is 398-e I muxlis Tanaxmad, Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xel-
Sekrulebis misadageba gansazRvruli samarTlebrivi winapirobebis
arsebobas ukavSirdeba: (1) xelSekrulebis safuZvlad miCneuli gare-
moebebis (2) aSkara (arsebiTi) cvlilebis (3) aRmoceneba xelSekrule-
bis dadebis Semdgom; (4) garemoebaTa winaswar gaTvaliswinebis SeuZ-
lebloba – araganWvretadoba, gauTvaliswinebloba; (5) garemoebaTa
winaswar gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi: (a) mxareTa mier xelSekrule-
bis ardadeba (e.i. saxelSekrulebo interesis ararseboba xelSekru-
lebis dadebis mimarT) an (b) mis gansxvavebul Sinaarsze SeTanxmeba;
(6) Sesrulebis aragonivruloba (rodesac mxares ar SeiZleba moeTx-
ovos Seucvleli xelSekrulebis mkacrad dacva).
unificirebuli samarTlis instrumentebi valdebulebis Sesru-
lebis garTulebis saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuf-
lebis safuZvlad amoqmedebas, damatebiT sxva samarTlebrivi winapi-
robebis arsebobas ukavSireben:
unificirebuli samarTlisa da ucxouri samarTlebrivi siste-
mebis regulirebis gaTvaliswinebiT, valdebulebis Sesrulebis gar-
Tulebis calke winapirobis saxiT analizs eqvemdebareba Tavad dab-
rkolebis cnebisa da simZimis xarisxi. dabrkolebis samarTlebrivi
buneba gulisxmobs rogorc fizikuri, ise ekonomikuri SeuZleblobis
gamomwvevi garemoebis arsebobas, romelic ekonomikurad ganuxorcie-
leblad aqcevs Sesrulebas, iwvevs urTierTsanacvlo valdebulebe-
bis mniSvnelovan disbalanssa da saxelSekrulebo wonasworobis ar-
sebiT, fundamentur cvlilebas.
garda zemoaRniSnulisa, ucxouri samarTliT valdebulebis
Sesrulebis garTulebis gamoyenebis aucilebel safuZvlebad gan-
sazRvrulia ssk-is mier pirdapir araformulirebuli sxva winapiro-
bebi: valdebulebis Seusruleblobis riskis gamoricxva mxaris pasu-
xismgeblobis sferodan, Sesabamisad, dabrkolebis arseboba movalis
kontrolis sferos miRma, dabrkolebis Tavidan acilebis _ daZlevis
an misi Sedegebis aRmofxvris _ Semcirebis SeuZlebloba, mxareTa
arabraleuloba, Secvlili garemoebebis dadgomisTanave, kontrahen-
tis mimarT Setyobinebis valdebulebis dacva, mizezobrivi kavSiri
Secvlil garemoebebsa da valdebulebis Sesrulebis dabrkolebas
Soris.
ssk-iT zemoaRniSnuli winapirobebi pirdapir ar aris formuli-
rebuli. Sesrulebis garTulebis calkeuli winapirobis arsebobis
254
dadastureba garkveulwilad SesaZlebelia ssk-is 398-e muxlis inter-
pretaciis gziT ganxorcieldes. kerZod, Tu garemoebaTa cvlileba
mxarisaTvis ar aris xelSekrulebis dadebis etapze savaraudo, saxe-
zea gauTvaliswineblobis winapiroba, romelic imavdroulad gulis-
xmobs dabrkolebis arakontrolirebad xasiaTs, mis gardauval bune-
bas. kerZod, Tu kontrahenti ar iTvaliswinebda da arc SeeZlo gaeT-
valiswinebina garemoebaTa cvlileba, Sesabamisad, igi moklebuli iyo
am dabrkolebis Tavidan acilebis, daZlevis an misi uaryofiTi Sede-
gebis aRmofxvris obieqtur SesaZleblobas.
zemoaRniSnuli winapirobebis arseboba dabrkolebas movalis
kontrolis sferos miRma moiazrebs da, Sesabamisad, afuZnebs dab-
rkolebis mimarT movalis arabraleulobis kidev erT mniSvnelovan,
aucilebel winapirobas. arabraleulobis kriteriumi ki, bunebrivia,
gamoricxavs pasuxismgeblobas valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebi-
sa da Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisaTvis.
amrigad, valdebulebis Sesrulebis ukiduresi garTulebisa da
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis koncefciebis detalur sakanonmdeblo
mowesrigebas ssk ar axdens. Sesabamisad, am institutebis samarTleb-
rivi winapirobebisa da Tanamdevi Sedegebis interpretacia SesaZlebe-
lia mxolod ucxouri samarTlebrivi sistemebiT gansazRvruli aR-
niSnuli koncefciebis klasikuri samarTlebrivi bunebis moSveliebi-
Ta da sasamarTlo praqtikis ganzogadebis safuZvelze.
gansaxilveli sakiTxis arsebuli mwiri regulirebis nacvlad,
detalurad unda mowesrigdes Sesrulebis garTulebisa da SeuZleb-
lobis koncefciebis samarTlebrivi maxasiaTeblebi da maTi gamoyene-
bisaTvis aucilebeli, e.w. damafuZnebeli winapirobebi SesabamisobaSi
iqnes moyvanili saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi sistemebis unificire-
bul midgomebTan.
mniSvnelovania, rom ssk-is 398-e I muxlis mier formulirebuli
samarTlebrivi winapirobebis umravlesoba ara mxolod Sesrulebis
garTulebis, aramed Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis samar-
Tlebriv maxasiaTeblebad SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli. Sesrulebis
ukiduresi damZimebis niSanic ki fardobiTi Sesrulebis SeuZleblo-
bis winapirobad miiCneva, rac arTulebs Sesrulebis garTulebisa da
SeuZleblobis koncefciebis gamijvnis SesaZleblobas, rameTu ar ad-
gens maTi gamijvnis kriteriums.
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis sistemis srulyofili
formirebisaTvis aucilebelia qarTul samarTalSi detalurad Camo-
yalibdes valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebisa da forsmaJoris
klasikuri koncefciebis dafuZnebis ganzogadebuli samarTlebrivi
winapirobebi; maTTvis niSandoblivi ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi maxasia-
Teblebis dadgeniT da sinTezirebiT aucilebelia dazustdes aRniS-
nuli konstruqciebis moqmedebis farglebi, Sesabamisad, gaimijnos
Sesrulebis valdebulebisgan ganTavisuflebisa da xelSekrulebis
255
adaptaciis sazRvrebi. aRniSnulis safuZvelze SesaZlebeli gaxdeba
Sesrulebis garTulebisa da forsmaJoris zogad saxelSekrulebo
principebad, terminologiuri da arsobrivi saxiT, damkvidreba qar-
Tul samarTalSi da maTi daaxloeba erovnuli gansxvavebulobisagan
Tavisufal unificirebul samarTalTan.
Secvlil garemoebaTa pirobebSi mxareTa pasuxismgeblobis gan-
sazRvris TvalsazrisiT umniSvnelovanesia saxelSekrulebo riskis
farglebis dadgena. naSromSi dawvrilebiT iqna ganxiluli saxelSek-
rulebo SeTanxmebiT da misi nagulisxmevi pirobebis ganmartebis sa-
fuZvelze mxaris pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi Secvlil garemoebaTa pi-
robebSi, Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisa da Semxvedri valdebulebis Se-
usruleblobis riskTan dakavSirebuli problematika.
pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis sakiTxi mWidrod ukav-
Sirdeba riskis gadanawilebis problemas, rameTu pasuxismgeblobis
Seracxva unda ganxorcieldes riskis umTavresad matarebel mxareze.
Tu xelSekrulebis ganmartebiT riskis gadanawilebis konkretuli
mizani ar ikveTeba, maSin mxareTa pasuxismgeblobas riskis gadanawi-
lebis normatiuli wesi da kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebi ganapi-
robebs.
kontrahentTa avtonomiurobis principidan gamomdinare, saxel-
Sekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis dadgenisaTvis upiratesia mxareTa mier
riskis xelSekrulebiT SeTanxmebuli gadanawileba. Tumca, aRniSnu-
li avtonomiuroba saWiroa garkveul farglebSi moqmedebdes: dauSve-
belia saxelSekrulebo daTqmebiT pasuxismgeblobis gadakisreba ara
konkretuli garemoebisa da misi gansazRvruli Sedegebis aRmocenebi-
saTvis, aramed movalis zogadi pasuxismgeblobis ganmtkiceba yovel-
gvari Secvlili garemoebis gamovlenis miuxedavad. msgavsi SeTanxme-
ba mxarisaTvis winaswar ucnobi da ganusazRvreli pasuxismgeblobis
dakisrebis safrTxes qmnis.
Secvlili garemoebebiT ganpirobebuli mosalodneli uaryofi-
Ti Sedegebis moculobisa da masStaburobis prognozirebis SeuZleb-
loba samarTlianobisa da keTilsindisierebis principTa xelyofis
saSiSroebas qmnis. amitomac, riskis gadanawileba dasaSvebia mxolod
konkretuli garemoebis da misi gansazRvruli SedegebisaTvis. gare-
moebis farTod ganmarteba, misi ganzogadeba da analogiiT gamoyeneba
usamarTlod mZime Sedegebis xelSewyobad da ara avtonomiurobis
principis realizebad SesaZlebelia iqnes ganxiluli.
marTalia, keTilsindisierebis principis ZaliT, aseTi zogadi
Sinaarsis daTqma baTilad gamocxaddeba samarTlianobis uzrunvel-
sayofad, magram pasuxismgeblobis kanoniT gansazRvruli wesi amoq-
meddeba da ver aRsruldeba mxareTa neba, romelic iTvaliswinebda
pasuxismgeblobis xelSekrulebiT dadgenili wesisTvis upiratesobis
miniWebas.
256
Sesabamisad, arakeTilsindisieri SeTanxmebis baTilobis Tun-
dac moqnili saxelSekrulebo principi ar SeiZleba iyos sakmarisi
saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebSi pasuxismgeblobis gansxvavebuli we-
sis gansazRvris Sesaxeb mxareTa saxelSekrulebo nebis realize-
bisTvis.
naSromSi gamokvleul iqna sakiTxi, mxareTa urTierTSeTanxme-
biT Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis kanoniT
dadgenili wesis gamoricxvisAdasaSvebobis Sesaxeb. ganxilul iqna,
Tu ramdenad amarTlebs nebis avtonomiis principi mxareTa uflebas,
Tavad gansazRvron da gamoricxon saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblo-
bis normatiuli wesi Secvlili garemoebebis aRmocenebis pirobebSi.
aRniSnulis pasuxad SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom arakeTilsindi-
sieri SeTanxmebis baTilobis Tundac moqnili universaluri principi
ar SeiZleba iyos sakmarisi valdebulebiTsamarTlebriv urTierTo-
bebSi mxareTa saxelSekrulebo nebiT SeTanxmebuli pasuxismgeblobis
wesis amoqmedebisaTvis.
xsenebuli mosazrebis dasturia faqti, rom unificirebuli sa-
marTliT dauSveblad cxaddeba mxareTa urTierTSeTanxmebiT maTi
valdebulebis gamoricxva _ saxelSekrulebo molaparakebebi awarmo-
on keTilsindisierebisa da gulisxmierebis principTa Sesabamisad.
istoriulad Secvlili garemoebebis institutis samarTlebriv siv-
rceSi damkvidreba saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobisa da keTilsindi-
sierebis uzrunvelyofis principebiT iyo motivirebuli. Sesabamisad,
maTi imperatiuli moqmedeba zemoxsenebuli fundamenturi principebis
dacvisa da ganxorcielebis garantiebs qmnis. swored keTilsindisie-
rebis principis SezRudvis amkrZalavi imperatiuli normebis safuZ-
velze unda iqnes aRiarebuli dauSveblad Sesrulebis garTulebis
pirobebSi gamosayenebeli samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebis – xel-
Sekrulebis adaptaciis moTxovnis uflebis _ SezRudva saxelSekru-
lebo SeTanxmebiT.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis norme-
bis ugulvebelyofis ufleba aniWebs mxareebs yovelgvari moulodne-
li saxelSekrulebo cvlilebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis erT-erT mxa-
reze gadakisrebis SesaZleblobas. aRniSnuli ki ver ganxorcieldeba,
rameTu saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis gadanacvleba dasaSvebia
ara zogadad yovelgvari gauTvaliswineblobisaTvis, aramed mxolod
konkretuli garemoebis cvlilebis, misi gansazRvruli masStabisa da
moculobis SedegebisaTvis. Sesabamisad, aucilebelia Secvlili ga-
remoebebis problematikis momwesrigebeli debulebebi ssk-Si impera-
tiuli normebis saxiT ganmtkicdes an ganimartos.
saxelSekrulebo pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvrisaTvis mniSvne-
lovania xelSekrulebis sagnis SemTxveviTi daRupvisa da ganadgure-
bis riskis sakiTxi. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi valdebulebis darRvevis
saxed fuZndeba Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZlebloba, romelic me-
257
oradi moTxovnis saxiT gamoricxavs damatebiTi Sesrulebis moTxov-
nas da aRmoacenebs xelSekrulebidan gasvlis uflebas. kreditoris
mimarT damdgari ziani ki ar daeqvemdebareba anazRaurebas, vinaidan
ar iarsebebs aRniSnuli moTxovnis ganxorcielebis aucilebeli wina-
pirobebi: mizezobrivi kavSiri movalis qmedebasa da zians Soris
(SemTxveviTobam ganapiroba nivTis daRupva) da movalis brali nivTis
ganadgurebis mimarT.
amrigad, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobisas movalis
sasargeblod gamoiricxeba rogorc Sesrulebis, ise zianis anazRau-
rebis moTxovna. Tanasworobis principebis TvalsazrisiT, gaumar-
Tleblad unda iqnes miCneuli Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblo-
bis riskis sruli moculobiT arabraleul kreditorze gadakisreba.
samarTlianobis principis TvalTaxedvidan gamarTlebuli iqne-
boda, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis Sedegad warmoSobili
ziani sakanonmdeblo doneze Tanabrad ganawilebuliyo kreditorzec
da movalezec, rogorc xelSekrulebis or Tanabrad arabraleul
mxareze. amiT SesaZlebeli iqneboda garTulebuli samoqalaqo brun-
vis pirobebSi xelSekrulebis monawileebis Tanasworuflebianobisa
da ekvivalentobis principis uzrunvelyofa.
valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTulebis pirobebSi xelSekrule-
bis SewyvetasTan an mis mkacr aRsrulebasTan SedarebiT SeTanxmebis
pirobebis adaptacia Secvlili garemoebebisadmi upirveles samar-
Tlebrivi dacvis saSualebad unda iqnes aRiarebuli, rameTu igi em-
saxureba mxareTa ekonomikuri interesebisa da samomavlo urTierTo-
bebis SenarCunebas, rodesac saxelSekrulebo boWvis principis aR-
sruleba mxareTa gonivrul saxelSekrulebo interesebs ganuxorcie-
lebels xdis da misi dacva mxolod formalur moTxovnad rCeba.
samarTlebrivi dacvis sxva saSualebebTan mimarTebiT xelSeku-
lebis adaptaciis primatis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganamtkicebs kontinen-
turi da unificirebuli samarTlebrivi sistema Secvlili garemoebe-
bisadmi misadagebis mizniT mxareTa molaparakebis savaldebuloobis
danawess.
xelSekrulebis adaptacia, rogorc saxelSekrulebo interesis
realizebis meqanizmi, misi samomavlo Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofas
isaxavs miznad da ara sasamarTlos CareviT calsaxad xelSekrule-
bis Sewyvetas da uaryofiTi Sedegebis mxareebze gadanawilebas.
xelSekrulebis gadasinjva meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis samarTleb-
riv reJimSi transformaciis gareSe, pirveladi saxelSekrulebo val-
debulebis adaptirebuli, Secvlili pirobebiT Sesrulebas gulis-
xmobs, romelic Sesrulebaze orientirebuli kontinenturi samar-
Tlis sistemis fundamenturi Rirebulebaa.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis doq-
trina erovnul samarTlebriv sistemebSi keTilsindisierebis princi-
pis safuZvelze aRmocenda da misi damkvidreba samarTlianobis ar-
258
siT iyo motivirebuli. keTilsindisierebis princips ormagi dacvis
funqcia aqvs: erTi mxriv, is aRWuravs dazaralebul mxares xelSek-
rulebis adaptaciis moTxovniT da, meore mxriv, icavs kreditorsac:
SeTanxmebis modificirebis moTxovna, legitimuri ekonomikuri mize-
zisa da interesis gareSe, CaiTvleba keTilsindisierebis principis
darRvevad da ar SeiZleba xelSekrulebis adaptaciis winapiroba gax-
des.
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis ufleba
farTod unda iqnes gamoyenebuli sasamarTlos mier, Tu mxareTa mo-
laparakeba adaptaciis mizniT uSedegod dasrulda. saxelSekrulebo
samarTlianobisa da wonasworobis aRdgenisaTvis mxareTa Tavdapirve-
li mizani unda ganimartos keTilsindisierebis principis WrilSi.
molaparakebis warmoeba xelSekrulebis adaptaciis mizniT,
valdebulebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebel mxareTa Ta-
naqmedebis, gulisxmierebis valdebulebis gamoxatulebad unda gani-
martos da misi Seusrulebloba, rogorc valdebulebis darRvevis
damoukidebeli saxe, samarTlebrivi, dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis
winapirobad unda iqnes Sefasebuli.
valdebulebis Sesrulebis garTuleba molaparakebis warmoebis
moTxovnis uflebas aniWebs mxares, igi kontrahentebis mimarT aRmoa-
cenebs molaparakebaSi CarTvis valdebulebas Secvlili garemoebebi-
sadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis mizniT. aRniSnuli valdebulebis
Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, xelSekrulebis misadagebas unda axor-
cielebdes damoukidebeli mesame piri mosamarTlis an arbitris sa-
xiT. molaparakebis warmoeba mxareTa kanoniT ganmtkicebuli valde-
buleba unda iyos, romlis darRveva aRmoacenebs sasamarTlosadmi
mimarTvis uflebas xelSekrulebis adaptaciis moTxovniT.
molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis sakanonmdeblo doneze
ganmtkicebiT, uzrunvelyofili iqneba mxareTa sasamarTlosadmi mi-
marTvis ufleba Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misada-
gebis moTxovniT. amasTan, igi mniSvnelovnad waaxalisebs davebis
mSvidobiani gadawyvetis formebis gamoyenebas, raTa mxareebma garTu-
lebuli saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba urTierTTanamSromlobiT
kvlav aqcion garkveuli gonivruli sargeblianobis wyarod. xelSek-
rulebis adaptacia mxareTa an sasamarTlos xelSi iqceva mxareTa
legitimuri saxelSekrulebo molodinebisa da interesebis aRsrule-
bis instrumentad.
ssk ar ganamticebs xelSekrulebis adaptaciis mizniT molapa-
rakebis savaldebuloobis princips. ssk-is 398-e I muxlis bolo wina-
dadebisa da III nawilis ganmartebis Tanaxmad, Tu mxare ar moiTxovs
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebas, movale gan-
Tavisufldeba saxelSekrulebo boWvisgan da mieniWeba xelSekrule-
bidan gasvlis ufleba. dauSvebelia, arsebobdes molaparakebis war-
moebis valdebulebis ugulebelyofis ufleba. Sesabamisad, sakanon-
259
mdeblo debulebas: SesaZlebelia moTxovnil iqnes Secvlili garemo-
ebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadageba unda mieniWos imperatiuli mni-
Svneloba da SesaZlebloba unda ganisazRvros valdebulebis saxiT.
arsi swored isaa, rom upirvelesad, savaldebulo wesiT unda gan-
xorcieldes Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis
mcdeloba mxareTa mier da mxolod aRniSnulis uSedegod dasrule-
bis Semdgom SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes xelSekrulebis Sewyveta
misgan gasvlis uflebis gamoyenebiT.
Sesabamisad, ssk-is 398-e muxliT ganmtkicebuli norma SesaZle-
belia dazustdes Semdegi formulirebiT: Tu is garemoebebi, romle-
bic xelSekrulebis dadebis safuZveli gaxda, xelSekrulebis dade-
bis Semdeg aSkarad Seicvala da mxareebi ar dadebdnen am xelSekru-
lebas an dadebdnen sxva SinaarsiT, es cvlilebebi rom gaeTvaliswi-
nebinaT, aseve, Tu calkeul garemoebaTa da samarTlianobis princi-
pis gaTvaliswinebiT xelSekrulebis mxares ar SeiZleba moeTxovos
Seucvleli xelSekrulebis mkacrad dacva, maSin aRmocendeba Sec-
vlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis moTxovna.
sakanonmdeblo cvlilebas saWiroebs aseve, ssk-is 398-e III mux-
lis Semdegi norma: Tuki SeuZlebelia xelSekrulebis misadageba
Secvlili garemoebebisadmi, an meore mxare amas ar eTanxmeba, maSin
im mxares, romlis interesebic dairRva, SeuZlia uari Tqvas xelSek-
rulebaze.
aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo debuleba ewinaaRmdegeba xelSekru-
lebis SewyvetasTan SedarebiT, misi adaptaciis primatisa da, Sec-
vlil garemoebebTan misadagebis mizniT, molaparakebis savaldebu-
loobis princips. aRniSnuli norma ugulebelyofs sasamarTlos
rols Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis pro-
cesSi, ramdenadac xelSekrulebidan dauyovneblivi gasvlis uflebas
ukavSirebs erT-erTi mxaris nebas, molaparakebis procesis gauvle-
lad da molaparakebis Semdgom etapad sasamarTlosadmi adaptaciis
moTxovnis uflebis wardgenas ar ganixilavs. ara da, Secvlili gare-
moebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis instituti precedentuli
samarTlis pirmSoa, romelic sasamarTlo wiaRSi aRmocenda da Sem-
dgom pova sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia.
kreditoris uari Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis mi-
sadagebaze ar unda iqnes mxedvelobaSi miRebuli, ramdenadac mas upi-
rispirdeba saxelSekrulebo wonasworobisa da ekonomikuri sargeb-
lianobis aRdgenis sakanonmdeblo mizani, aseve, movalis pativsadebi
interesi – Seimsubuqos Sesrulebis tvirTi.
xelSekrulebis adaptaciaze uari dasaSvebad SeiZleba iqnes gan-
xiluli mxolod pativsadebi safuZvlis arsebobisas, rodesac is ver
uzrunvelyofs xelSekrulebis ekonomiuri balansis aRdgenas. am Sem-
TxvevaSic xelSekrulebis adaptaciis SesaZleblobaze saboloo ga-
dawyvetilebis miReba unda miendos sasamarTlos da Secvlili
260
garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis SesaZleblobisa da
gonivrulobis Sefaseba unda ganisazRvros sasamarTlos eqskluziur
uflebamosilebad. molaparakebis gziT xelSekrulebis modificire-
bis pirobebze SeTanxmebis miuRwevlobis pirobebSi, xelSekrulebi-
dan gasvlis uflebis realizebamde xelSekrulebis adaptaciis moTx-
ovniT sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva, damatebiTi Sesrulebis msgavsad,
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis winapirobad unda iqnes dawesebuli.
zemoxsenebuli wesis samarTlianoba kidev erTxel dasturdeba
ekonomikuri SeuZleblobis arsebobisas: am SemTxvevaSi valdebuleba
marTalia, movalisaTvis ukiduresad mZimea Sesasruleblad, magram es
sirTule ar aris kreditoris Sesrulebis interesTan mniSvnelovnad
Seusabamo (araproporciuli). kreditoris Sesrulebis interessa da mo-
valis Sesrulebis sirTules Soris Seusabamoba ar arsebobs – ramde-
nadac rTulia valdebulebis Sesruleba movalisaTvis, imdenad mniSvne-
lovania amgvari Sesrulebis miReba kreditorisaTvis. am pirobebSi,
xelSekrulebis misadageba yovelTvis movalis, rogorc dazaralebuli
mxaris, interesebs exmianeba, romlisTvisac Tavdapirveli pirobebiT
Sesruleba mZime Sedegebs ukavSirdeba. kreditorisaTvis umjobesia
xelSekrulebis ucvleli pirobebiT Sesruleba, romelic mniSvnelov-
nad zrdis misTvis saxelSekrulebo interess, xelSekrulebis fassa da
sargeblianobas. Tumca, kreditorisaTvis Secvlili garemoebebisadmi
xelSekrulebis SesabamisobaSi moyvana ar iqneba mZime ekonomikuri Se-
degis momtani, ramdenadac misadagebis dros saxelSekrulebo pirobe-
bis modificirebisas sasamarTlo maqsimalurad xelmZRvanelobs ke-
Tilsindisierebisa (magaliTad, ssk-is me-8 III, 361-e II da 316-e II muxlebi)
da samarTlianobis (magaliTad, ssk-is 325-e muxli) principebiT.
molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis sakanonmdeblo regla-
mentaciasTan erTad, xelSekrulebis adaptaciisa da misi Sesrulebis
uzrunvelyofis saSualebad SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnes aseve, sa-
xelSekrulebo daTqmebi molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis Se-
saxeb. aucilebelia, rom aRniSnuli daTqmebi iTvaliswinebdnen mola-
parakebis procesis warmoebis winapirobebs, principebs, damabrkole-
beli garemoebebis zogad daxasiaTebas, romlebic aRmoacenebs mola-
parakebis valdebulebas, davis ganmxilveli organos uflebamosile-
bas xelSekrulebis adaptaciaze,1167 mxareTa nebis avtonomiaSi misi
Carevis xarisxsa da xelSekrulebis modificirebis farglebs.
molaparakebis valdebulebis ganmamtkicebeli sakanonmdeblo
debulebiT saxelSekrulebo molaparakebis warmoebis valdebulebis
Sesruleba unda ganisazRvros mxarisaTvis kanonmdeblobiT dadgeni-
li meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis gamoyenebis winapirobad da aRniS-
1167Ciematniece I., Contract Renegotiation and Adaptation, Concept of Contract Renegotiation and
73.
261
nuli valdebulebis darRveva an arakeTilsindisieri Sesruleba un-
da arTmevdes mxares samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebisadmi mimar-
Tvis uflebas da qmnides amiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis sa-
fuZvels. aRniSnuli valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis zianis
anazRaurebis ganmtkiceba ssk-iT mxareTa mier molaparakebis keTil-
sindisierad warmoebis garantias Seqmnis.
xelSekrulebis misadagebis pirobebis Sesaxeb mxareTa SeuTan-
xmeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo iRebs ramdenime SesaZlo gadawy-
vetilebas: 1. akisrebs mxareebs molaparakebis gagrZelebis valdebu-
lebas Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis miz-
niT; 2. wyvets xelSekrulebas gansazRvrul drosa da gansazRvruli
pirobebiT; 3. axorcielebs Secvlili garemoebebisadmi SeTanxmebis
misadagebas saxelSekrulebo zianisa da sargeblis mxareebze samar-
Tliani gadanawilebis gziT; 4. ucvlelad tovebs saxelSekrulebo
pirobebs Tavdapirvelad SeTanxmebuli SinaarsiT.
xelSekrulebis adaptaciis funqciis realizeba ar gulisxmobs
mxareTa nebis avtonomiis SezRudvas, aramed mxareTa im nebisa da
miznis ganmartebis gziT dadgenis saSualebaa, romelic maT SesaZle-
belia hqonodaT Secvlili garemoebebis xelSekrulebis dadebis
etapze codnis pirobebSi. amasTan, aRniSnuli instrumenti sasamar-
Tlos xelSi mxareTa mZime ekonomikuri Sedegebisagan ganTavisufle-
bisa da saxelSekrulebo samarTlianobis miRwevis meqanizmad iqceva.
modificirebuli xelSekruleba Secvlili garemoebebis piro-
bebSic mxareTa interesebis amsaxveli da sargeblianobis momtani un-
da iyos. samarTlianobis, gonivrulobis, keTilsindisierebis, inte-
resTa Tanazomierebisa da ekonomikuri sargeblianobis principebi
xelSekrulebis adaptaciis umTavres safuZvlebad unda iqnes ganxi-
luli.
mniSvnelovania, rom saxelSekrulebo pirobebis modificireba
da araekvivalenturi urTierTsanacvlo Sesrulebis dabalanseba un-
da ganxorcieldes xelSekrulebis Tavdapirveli arsis daurRvevlad,
misi umTavresi samarTlebrivi konstituciis gardaqmnis gareSe.
xelSekrulebis Sewyveta sasamarTlos mier ukidures SemTxveva-
Si gamosayenebeli samarTlebrivi instrumentia, romelic amoqmeddeba
mxolod im etapze, rodesac xelSekrulebis adaptacia ver uzrunvel-
yofs mxareTa saukeTeso interesebis realizebas da amasTan, Sewyveta
zians ar ayenebs sajaro interesebs.
sasamarTlosadmi xelSekrulebis adaptaciis moTxovniT mimar-
Tvis upiratesoba imiTac vlindeba, rom Tu igi gaumarTleblad miiC-
nevs xelSekrulebis modificirebas, xelSekrulebis Sewyvetasac ki
gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi SedegebiT ganaxorcielebs, vidre es
mxareTa mier xelSekrulebidan gasvlis SemTxvevaSi iqneboda SesaZ-
lebeli. kerZod, sasamarTlo aRWurvilia uflebamosilebiT gonivru-
lad da samarTlianad gadaanawilos valdebulebis Sesrulebis gar-
262
Tulebis uaryofiTi Sedegebi mxareebze samarTlianobisa da Tanaswo-
ruflebianobis maqsimaluri uzrunvelyofiT. aRniSnuli samarTlia-
nobis miRweva moxdeba maSin, rodesac gaizrdeba keTilsindisierebis
yovlismomcveli normatiuli principis, rogorc qmediTi, samarTleb-
rivi Sedegebis makoreqtirebeli meqanizmis, gamoyenebis masStabi sa-
marTlis Sefardebis procesSi.
valdebulebis Seusrulebloba samoqalaqo brunvis Tanamdevi
movlenaa. Secvlili garemoebebisadmi xelSekrulebis misadagebis an
misi Tavdapirveli pirobebiT aRsrulebis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi,
pirveladi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis darRvevis safuZvelze ur-
TierToba transformirdeba meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis samar-
Tlebriv reJimSi, romlis farglebSic kanonmdeblobiT ganmtkicebu-
li samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis – meoradi moTxovnis ufle-
bebis realizebiT xorcieldeba darRveuli saxelSekrulebo intere-
sis kompensireba.
qarTul samarTlebriv sivrceSi ar arsebobs valdebulebis
darRvevis erTiani koncefcia. ssk ar iTvaliswinebs darRvevis cal-
keuli saxis srulyofil sakanonmdeblo mowesrigebas. magaliTad,
nakliani Sesrulebis, rogorc erT-erTi saxis valdebulebis darRve-
vis da masTan dakavSirebuli meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis maregu-
lirebeli danawesebi calkeuli tipis xelSekrulebebis (nasyidoba,
nardoba, qiravnoba da a.S.) momwesrigebel normebSia gabneuli da ar
aris valdebulebiTi samarTlis zogadi nawilis kuTvnileba. mova-
lis mier vadis gadacilebaa calke reglamentaciis sagani, xolo mis-
Tvis gankuTvnil TavSi Sesrulebis SeuZleblobas erTaderTi muxli
aqvs daTmobili, isic rogorc vadis gadacilebis gamomricxav garemo-
ebas. da bolos, gulisxmierebis valdebulebis darRvevis, rogorc Se-
usruleblobis erT-erTi damoukidebeli saxis, arseboba qarTul samo-
qalaqo samarTalSi pirdapir ar ikveTeba, aramed ssk-is normebis in-
terpretaciiT dgindeba.1168
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis, rogorc valdebulebis damoukide-
beli saxis darRvevis, mowesrigebis TvalsazrisiT ssk-Si mniSvnelo-
vani vakuumia. kerZod, igi vadis gadacilebis muxlSia warmodgenili
da mas safuZvliani samarTlebrivi regulireba ar eTmoba. TviT ssk-
is 401-e muxlis saxelwodebac (valdebulebis Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
loba) vadis gadacilebis maregulirebeli normis SinaarsTan mniSvne-
lovnad Seusabamoa. amasTan, aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo debulebiT
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis mxolod erT-erTi saxe – arabraleuli
SeuZleblobaa mowesrigebuli, romelic ar aris am samarTlebrivi
koncefciis erTaderTi SemTxveva, radgan kontinenturi sistemis qvey-
nebSi arsebobs movalis an kreditoris braliT ganpirobebuli Ses-
rulebis SeuZleblobis saxec.
1168 ssk-is 405-e III ,,b~ da 316-e II muxlebi.

263
sawyisi SeuZleblobis cnebas exmianeba marTlsawinaaRmdego an-
/da amoraluri pirobis baTilobis momwesrigebeli 91-e muxli ssk-Si.
xolo Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisas meoradi moTxovnis uflebebze xel-
misawvdomobis, mxareTa Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobis, kreditorisa Tu
movalis braleuli qmedebiT gamowveuli, droebiTi da mudmivi, obieq-
turi Tu subieqturi, absoluturi Tu fardobiTi Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
lobis sakiTxebi sakanonmdeblo doneze ar aris gansazRvruli.
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis zemoaRniSnuli saxeebis arsebobisaT-
vis yovelTvis ar SeiZleba safuZvlad ssk-is 401-e muxli iqnes gamoye-
nebuli.
ssk valdebulebis darRvevis saxed ar ganamtkicebs Sesrule-
bis arabraleul SeuZleblobas, vinaidan misi arsebobisas xelSekru-
lebis moSlis mowesrigebas damoukidebeli muxli eTmoba, xolo
valdebulebis darRvevisas xelSekrulebis moSlis SemTxveva calke
– ssk-is 399-e II muxliT aris gansazRvruli. amrigad, Sesrulebis Se-
uZlebloba, rogorc valdebulebis darRvevis erT-erTi damoukidebe-
li tipi, swored 399-e II muxlis moqmedebis sferos unda daeqvemdeba-
ros.
marTalia, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobis arsebobi-
sas saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis SewyvetisaTvis gamoiyeneba ssk-is
399-e I muxli, Tumca samsjeloa, Sesrulebis arabraleuli SeuZleb-
lobis, romelic valdebulebis darRvevad ar aris kodeqsSi pirda-
pir ganmtkicebuli, da meoradi moTxovnis uflebebis urTierTmimar-
Teba, romlebic mxolod valdebulebis darRvevis safuZvelze aRmo-
cendeba.
ssk ar iTvaliswinebs Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis safuZvliT
xelSekrulebidan gasvlis momwesrigebel normas. kodeqsi Sesrule-
bis SeuZleblobas mxolod grZelvadiani saxelSekrulebo urTier-
Tobis Sewyvetis (moSlis) safuZvlad ganixilavs. yvela sxva valde-
bulebiTsamarTlebriv urTierTobaSi, romelic mravaljeradad gansa-
xorcielebel Sesrulebas ar iTvaliswinebs, Sesrulebis SeuZleb-
lobisas xelSekrulebidan gasvlis sakiTxi regulirebis miRma rCeba.
amasTan, xelSekrulebis moSlis instituti, Tavisi samarTlebrivi
arsiT, mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba xelSekrulebidan gasvlis koncef-
ciisgan, romlisTvisac arsebiTi maxasiaTebeli swored Tavdapirveli
mdgomareobis aRdgena-restituciaa, rac grZelvadiani valdebulebiT-
samarTlebrivi urTierTobis pirobebSi moSlis meqanizmis gamoyene-
biT ver ganxorcieldeba.
amdenad, grZelvadiani saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesru-
lebis arabraleuli SeuZleblobisas xelSekrulebis moSlis sakiTx-
Tan erTad, aucilebelia mowesrigebas daeqvemdebaros aseve, braleu-
li Sesrulebis SeuZleblobisas xelSekrulebis samarTlebrivi be-
dis, mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebisa da valdebulebis darRvevis Ta-
namdevi pasuxismgeblobis problema.
264
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis valdebulebis darRvevis saxed gan-
mtkicebiT gansazRvruli iqneba meoradi moTxovnis uflebebisadmi
xelmisawvdomobis safuZveli. movalis pasuxismgeblobis farglebis
dadgenis TvalsazrisiT, aseve mniSvnelovania Sesrulebis SeuZleblo-
bis saxeebis dawvrilebiTi sakanonmdeblo mowesrigeba.
Sesrulebis SeuZleblobis cnebis sakanonmdeblo doneze gan-
sazRvra kidev ufro xels Seuwyobs erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqti-
kis ganviTarebas da valdebulebis darRvevis momwesrigebeli normebis
unificirebul interpretacias.
ssk-Si unda damkvidrdes valdebulebis darRvevis unificirebu-
li koncefcia, romelic gaaerTianebs valdebulebis Seusruleblobis
yvela saxes valdebulebis darRvevaTa erTian sistemaSi da moicavs yve-
la arsebiT da fundamentur gadaxvevas ZiriTadi saxelSekrulebo val-
debulebis Sinaarsidan.
darRvevis unificirebuli cnebis sakanonmdeblo ganmtkiceba gu-
lisxmobs valdebulebis Seusruleblobis, rogorc obieqturi faqtis,
valdebulebis darRvevad aRiarebas. samarTlebrivi gansazRvrulobi-
saTvis mniSvnelovania, ssk-ma detalurad moawesrigos Seusruleblo-
bis saxeebi, maTi samarTlebrivi winapirobebi da Tanamdev meoradi
moTxovnis uflebaTa sistema.
valdebulebis darRvevis sistemis xarvezuli mowesrigebis
srulyofis aucilebloba naTlad warmoCindeba kontinenturi da uni-
ficirebuli samarTlis modernizebuli institutebis kvlevis safuZ-
velze.
Secvlili garemoebebis doqtrina, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis-
gan ganTavisuflebis safuZveli, mxaris kontrolisa da riskis sfe-
ros miRma, movalis bralisagan damoukideblad aRmocenebuli mov-
lenebis arsebobas gulisxmobs, rameTu ar arsebobs movalis mxridan
Secvlili garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebis, maTi aRkveTis, uaryofiTi
Sedegebis aRmofxvris an Semcirebis obieqturi SesaZlebloba. Sesaba-
misad, braleuli qmedebiT ganpirobebuli vadis gadacilebis piro-
bebSi ar arsebobs Secvlili garemoebebis doqtrinis gamoyenebis sa-
fuZveli, erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi winapirobis _ arabraleulobis
_ ararsebobis gamo. braleuli Seusruleblobis pirobebSi ver gan-
xorcieldeba xelSekrulebis adaptacia da braleuli mxaris pasu-
xismgeblobisgan ganTavisufleba. aRniSnuli, vadis gadacilebis, ro-
gorc umTavresad braleuli darRvevis, samarTlebrivi bunebiT aris
ganpirobebuli.
SesaZlebelia, movalis mier produqciis miwodebis vadis gada-
cileba gauTvaliswinebeli sakanonmdeblo akrZalviT iyos gamowveu-
li. aseT SemTxvevaSi, ra Tqma unda, ar arsebobs movalis brali va-
265
dis gadacilebis faqtis mimarT,1169 magram am mocemulobiT mainc ar
warmoiSoba arabraleuli vadis gadacileba, aramed _ Sesrulebis Se-
uZlebloba, rogorc valdebulebis darRvevis sxva damoukidebeli
saxe da pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebis safuZvlad swored
Sesrulebis arabraleuli, samarTlebrivi SeuZleblobis gamoyeneba
moxdeba. pasuxismgeblobisgan ganTavisuflebisTvis keTilsindisiere-
basa da samarTlianobaze damyarebuli doqtrinis amoqmedeba gaumar-
Tlebelia vadis gadamcilebeli braleuli mxaris sasargeblod.
sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli kvleva
unificirebuli, angloamerikuli da kontinenturi samarTlis qar-
Tul samarTalTan urTierTkavSirSi Seswavlas daefuZna. aRniSnulis
fonze mniSvnelovani iyo, erTdroulad msgavsi da konceftualuri
TvalsazrisiT, xSirad winaaRmdegobrivi regulirebis sistemuri ana-
lizi. miRweuli kvlevis Sedegebi SesaZlebelia Teoriuli wyaro
gaxdes nacionaluri kanonmdeblobis daxvewis, Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi
samarTlis srulyofili da samoqalaqo brunvis moTxovnebze swra-
fad reagirebadi fundamenturi institutebis Camoyalibebis, evropu-
li samarTlebrivi sivrcisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli principebisa da Ri-
rebulebaTa sistemis amsaxveli samarTlebrivi bazis formirebisTvis.
1169 biolingi h., lutringhausi p., saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis calkeuli

moTxovnis safuZvlebis sistemuri analizi, bremeni-Tbilisi, 2004-2009, 30; henSeli
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266
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wlis 22 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: saqme #as-1359-1197-2010.

wlis 14 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeze:L #as-8-5-2011.

wlis 24 ianvris gadawyvetileba saqmeze: #as-1076-1008-2010.

№ as-576-542-2010.
292
wlis 6 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: #as-7-6-2010.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqala-

qo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 5 ivlisis
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2010 wlis 6 ivnisis gadawyveti-

leba saqmeze #as-7-6-2010.

rebis saqmeTa palatis 2010 wlis 25 maisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: №
as-1220-1480-09.

wlis 4 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: #as-1015-1287-09.

wlis 3 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: #as-1166-1428-09.

№ as-30-367-09.

rebis saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 8 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze:
№ as-964-1166-08.

gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 25 noembris gadawyvetileba
saqmeze: #as-466-707-08.

rebis saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 10 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze:
№ as-617-842-08.

rebis saqmeTa palatis 2008 wlis 23 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze:
as-858-1171-07.
293
rebis saqmeTa palatis 2006 wlis 23 oqtombris gadawyvetileba
saqmeze: № as-217-636-06.

rebis saqmeTa palatis 2006 wlis 2 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeze: as-
853-1122-05.

rebis saqmeTa palatis 2001 wlis 28 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze:
№ 3k/992-01.
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