Módulo 2 Constructos Tradicionales, Inteligencia y Personalidad

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Hüeujd 7 Ldastrultds trfeclcdafj`s, cat`jco`alcf y p`rsdafjcefe.
\c jf cat`jco`alcf `s `xljuscvfh`at` ua b`aüh`ad gcdjüocld afef pde`hds mfl`r pfrf hdeclfrjf y pdr jdtfatd jf `eulflcüa ad tc`a` s`atced pfrf fqu`jjds qu` tc`a`a uaf edtflcüa afturfj r`eulcef.Ofjtda bu` uad e` jds prch`rds lc`atèlds `a `stuecfr y h`ecr jf cat`jco`alcf y s` ldavcrtcü `a jd qu` s`jjfhf ua e`t`rhcacstf gcdjüocld ua e`b`asdr e` jf `uo`a`scf. Jf p`rsp`ltcvf fhgc`atfjcstf qu` ftrcguy` jfcat`jco`alcf fj r`sujtfed e` jf `xp`rc`alcf caecvceufj gfsfef `a `j fpr`aeczfn` y pdr jd tfatd ef uafchpdrtfalcf gæsclf f jf `eulflcüa s` trftf e` uaf pdsturf e`b`aecef pdr jds t`ürclds e`j fpr`aeczfn` ldhd_ftsda d `j hcshd [cfo`t fj ldhgcafr hfeurflcüa lda fpr`aeczfn`.Ofjtda ftrcguyd f jf cat`jco`alcf ua drco`a o`aãtcld jj`vd f lfgd `stuecds lda bfhcjcfs y o`h`jds y fgrcüua vc`nd e`gft` e` jf pscldjdoèf ldadlced ldhd aftur` “ aurtur`, afturfj`zf d lrcfazf, gcdjdoèf dfhgc`at`. Bu` e`b`asdr e` jf `uo`a`scf fj `stuecfr jf pdscgcjcefe e` h`ndrfr jf `sp`lc` fpjclfaed tãlaclfse` s`j`llcüa frtclcfj jds h`ndr`s caecvceuds, pfrf Ofjtda jf cat`jco`alcf `rf ua bfltdr e`t`rhcafat` e`jãxctd `a jf vcef.
 
Jf h`eclcüa e` jf cat`jco`alcf.
F pfrtcr e` Ofjtda pde`hds mfgjfr e` uaf `tfpf drc`atfef f jf h`eclcüa e` jf cat`jco`alcf p`rd lda uadgn`tcvd præltcld fjouads futdr`s jf e`adhcafa drc`atflcüa prfohætclf. Pa `n`hpjd `s `j trfgfnd e` Gca`t`a Brfalcf lda acöds `a `efe `sldjfr p`rd huy pdld `a `stfeds uaceds s` mfræa `ld e` su fvfal`s y jdsfefptfrfa fsè s` e`sfrrdjjfrfa e` bdrhf crr`br`afgj` jds t`sts e` cat`jco`alcf. Gca`t bu` `j pcda`rd `ar`fjczfr t`sts pfrf h`ecr jf cat`jco`alcf y t`aèf ldhd dgn`tcvd pr`e`lcr `j r`aechc`atd `sldjfr. 63;0 U`st e` Gca`t “ \chda `j r`aechc`atd s` e`eul` s`oþa jds r`aechc`atds e`j caecvceud fj r`fjczfrtfr`fs f pfrtcr e` acv`j`s ldasce`rfeds fe`lufeds (h`ecfs) f su `efe lrdadjüoclf (@L) sc r`su`jv`pru`gfs sup`rcdr`s f su @L tc`a` uaf @H sup`rcdr (`stf fe`jfatfed f su acv`j e` e`sfrrdjjd cat`j`ltufjlda r`sp`ltd f jf h`ecf e` jds acöds e` jf hcshf @L) sc ad r`su`jv` pru`gfs ldrr`spdaec`at` f su @L mfyua r`trfsd `a su e`sfrrdjjd.
6363 `j `nãrlctd fh`rclfad pcecü ua t`st v`rgfj e` cat`jco`alcf pfrf fehcacstrfr f jds r`ljutfs lda jf cat`alcüa e` ljfscblfrjd (ce`ablfaed `j r`trfsd h`atfj y `xljucrjd e` jds prdorfhfs e` fec`strfhc`atd hcjctfr) y s`j`llcdafrjds (fscoaæaedj`s f ec`r`at`s juofr`s pdr jd qu` s` e`sfrrdjjfgf fsè jf pscldjdoèf caeustrcfj. S`ri`s e`sfrrdjjd jds Frhy U`st, `j frhy Fjpmf y fj e`t`ltfr ua <;% e` r`ljutfs fafjfg`tds `j frhy G`tf pfrf `jjds.63<3 `slfjfs e` _`slmj`r e` cat`jco`alcf (`slfjf _`slmj`r “ G`jj`vu` eds v`rscda`s).6300 t`sts pfrf feujtds _`slmj`r Feujt Cat`jjco`al` \lfj` (_FC\) lda su sul`scvfs r`vcscda`s (633?, _FC\-CCC) ldanuatd e` sugt`sts drofaczfeds pdr pds e` tfr`fs.6353 _`slmj`r Cat`jjco`al` \lfj` dr Lmcjer`a (_C\L) e` 2 f 62 fads r`vcscda`s e` 6336, 7;;<.632? _`xlmj`r [r`slmddj fae [rchfry \lfj` d Cat`jjco`al` (_[[\C) e` 5 f 2 fads, r`vcscda`s e` 63=3 y 7;;7.
L. \p`frhfa bu` `j prch`rd `a fpjclfr `j faæjcscs bfltdrcfj fj `stuecd e` jf `strulturf e` jf cat`jco`alcf (f pfrtcr e` jf hftrcz e` ldrr`jflcda`s e` puatuflcda`s `a t`sts). [frf \p`frhfa jf
 
cat`jco`alcf `s ua fptctue o`a`rfj qu` cauy`a `a `j r`aechc`atd e` lufjquc`r t`st, s`f lufj s`f jf afturfj`zf e`j hcshd, fsè fpjclfaed `j faæjcscs bfltdrcfj sdgr` eftds e` r`spu`stfs f vfrcds t`sts e` cat`jco`alcf, jj`od f `stfgj`l`r qu` jfs puatflcda`s `a lufjquc`r t`st e` cat`jco`alcf s` ecvce`a `a eds ldhpda`at`s, o y s.Jd e`slrcg` ldhd uaf prdpc`efe r`b`rcef f jf pjfstclcefe e`j scst`hf a`rvcdsd, gfs` gcdjüoclf r`b`rcef f uaf cat`jco`alcf e` tcpd afturfj, uaf fllcüa o`aãrclf qu` s` `xtc`ae` pdr tded `j drofacshd huy chpdrtfat` `a prdl`sds e` ecslrchcaflcüa s`asdrcfj y h`hdrcf. \` r`jflcdaf lda rfpce`z y tfhgcãa `s prdeultcvcefe cat`j`ltufj.
Jf sugt`drèf `xpjclftcvf j`y`s e` jf a`doãa`scs bdrhujd uafs j`y`s pfrf `xpjclfr lühd jfcat`jco`alcf o`a`rf au`vds ldat`aceds (fpr`m`ascüa e` `xp`rc`alcfs, `eulflcüa e` r`jflcda`s,`eulflcüa e` ldrr`jftds).
Jf sugt`drèf gcdjüoclf e`a` `j o ldhd uaf lfjcefe lfrflt`rczfedrf e`j scst`hf a`rvcdsd tdtfj.
 
[mcjcp @. R`rada.
@at`aecü jf cat`jco`alcf s`oþa tr`s tcpds F, G S L.Jfs eds prch`rfs sda fefptfefs e` jf prdpu`stf drcocafj e` E. D. M`gg (6353), jf t`rl`rf jf föfe` `jprdpcd R`rada y `s e` jf qu` e`slrcg` lda su hde`jd.
Cat`jco`alcf F> [dt`alcfj gcdjüocld, m`r`efgj` (afturfj) ad s` pu`e` h`ecr ecr`ltfh`at` s`r`jflcdaf lda bualcda`s gcdquèhclfs e`j scst`hf a`rvcdsd. Ad `qucvfj` f ldadlchc`atd ac fmfgcjcefe`s ad s` fpr`ae` `s o`adtèpclf.
Cat`jco`alcf G> @s b`adpclf `s jf qu` s` hu`strf `a jf vcef ldtcecfaf s` r``r` f jdsldadlchc`atds y fpr`aeczfn` r`fjczfeds f jd jfrod e`j prdl`sd e` hfeurflcüa caecvceufj fsè ldhdf jfs cau`alcfs `n`rlcefs pdr `j `atdrad pdr `sd `s b`adtèpclf. \ca `hgfrod tc`a` uaf h`eclcüaecbèlcj y tdefvèf ad s` mf e`slrctd ua èaecl` lufatctftcvd
.
Cat`jco`alcf L> @s pscldhãtrclf y s` pu`e` h`ecr s`oþa `j r`aechc`atd `a ecb`r`at`s pru`gfs`qucvfj`at` fj LC dgt`aced `a t`sts ecs`öfeds sca cau`alcfs lujturfj`s, sc`hpr` `at`aec`aed qu``j LC `s ua èaecl` ad jf cat`jco`alcf e`j caecvceud `a sè hcshf.
Ur`s acv`j`s s`oþa jf o`a`rfjczflcüa.
Bfltdr o`a`rfj> lfpflcefe o`a`rfj, o pr`s`at` `a tded `j r`aechc`atd `a hfydr d h`adrorfed.
Bfltdr`s s`luaefrcds d bfltdr`s e` orupd hfydr.-Bfltdr `eulftcvd (v>`eu) cat`orf jfs lfpflcefe`s v`rgfj, auhãrclf, ft`alcüa, p`asfhc`atdecv`ro`at` y lr`ftcvcefe.-Bfltdr prfltcld-h`læacld (`spflcfj-h`læacld, i>h) cat`orf lfpflcefe`s p`rl`ptcvfs,bèsclfs, pscldhdtdrfs, `spflcfj`s y h`læaclfs.
 Bfltdr`s e` orupd h`adr> r`jflcdafeds lda lfpflcefe`s `n`rlcefs `a e`t`rhcafefs pru`gfs(v>`eu> fptctue`s e` uce`z, auhãrclf, lr`ftcvcefe, v`rgfj “jct`rfrcf, v`rgfj “jcaoúèstclf, i>h>fptctue`s p`rl`ptcvfs, pscldhdtdrfs, `spflcfj`s y h`læaclfs).
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Drco`a e` jf cat`jco`alcf> R`rada e`stfld tfatd jds bfltdr`s gcdjüoclds ldhd jds fhgc`atfj`s e`se` uafp`rsp`ltcvf cat`rfllcdacstf qu` `xpjclfrèf `j r`aechc`atd y jfs ecb`r`alcfs caecvceufj`s.
 
U`drèf e` jf cav`rscüa (63?6)
Lf`jj prdpusd qu` `a lfef caecvceud s` e`sfrrdjjf jf Ob `at`aeèf ldhd uaf þaclf fptctue o`a`rfj e`rfjlcda p`rl`plcüa qu` `stæ lda`ltfef fj e`sfrrdjjd tdtfj e` jfs fsdlcflcda`s a`urdafj`s `a jds lürt`x(gfs` gcdjüoclf).
 
N`fa “@rcl Oustfbssda `j hde`jd MCJC (Mc`rfrquclfj Jcsr`j, 63=5.
[rdpusd ua hde`jd huy pfr`lced fj e` R`rada e`a` uaf `strulturf n`rærquclf e` tr`s acv`j`s p`rftfhgcãa `alu`atrf ldcalce`alcfs lda `j hde`jd e` Lf`jj.
Bfltdr`s prchfrcds `s `j acv`j hæs gæscld y `stf e`slrctd pdr ec`z bfltdr`s (vcsufjczflcüa,drc`atflcüa `spflcfj, `xcgcjcefe e` ljfusurf, rfpce`z e` ljfusurf, `tl), qu` s` dgtc`a`a `a uafprch`rf bfltdrczflcüa e` jds eftds dgt`aceds `a ecb`r`at`s t`sts e` cat`jco`alcf y pdr jd tfatdr`pr`s`atfa `j r`aechc`atd `a `stfs pru`gfs.
Bfltdr`s s`ouaefrcds ua s`ouaed fafjcscs bfltdrcfj e` jds ec`z bfltdr`s prchfrcds r`v`jf tr`sbfltdr`s s`luaefrcds qu` lda Ob, Ol, y Ov jds tr`s e`j hde`jd e` Lf`jj y Mdra pfrf Oustfsda`j bfltdr Ol ldrr`spdae` fj bfltdr R>`e e` R`rada y `j bfltdr Ov fj bfltdr i>h.Jf cat`jco`alcf `s ua ldastrultd lc`atèld prdpu`std pfrf `xpjclfr jf ldaeultf tdefvèf mdy `a ecf admfy uaf e`aclcüa ldas`asufef p`rd jfs ecb`r`at`s fprdxchflcda`s e`stflfa jds ldat`aceds gcdjüoclds, sdlcfj`s y pscldjüoclds ldhd ldhpda`at`s `s`alcfj`s pfrf su ldhpr`scüa.Jf fprdxchflcüa ecb`r`alcfjcstf s` mf l`atrfed `a eds fsp`ltds.
Jf h`eclcüa e` jf cat`jco`alcf, jf p`rsp`ltcvf pscldhãtrclf.
@j faæjcscs e` su `strulturf, jf p`rsp`ltcvf bfltdrcfjcstf. ´Vuã mf fpdrtfed jf p`rsp`ltcvf pscldhãtrclf4 @j e`sfrrdjjd e` pru`gfs pfrf h`ecr jf cat`jco`alcf y uafh`eclcüa lufatctftcvf qu` mf sced `stfaefrczfef, `j ldlc`at` cat`j`ltufj `std mf p`rhctced e`slrcgcr jfcat`jco`alcf e` jds caecvceuds ljfsclfrjds `a bualcüa e` `jjf y ldhpfrfrjds f pfrtcr e` jf puatuflcda`sdgt`acefs.´Vuã mf fpdrtfed jfs p`rsp`ltcvf bfltdrcfjcstf4 Mfy ecb`r`at`s hde`jds qu` tfhgcãa mfa chpujsfed `je`sfrrdjjd e` t`sts qu` p`rhctfa h`ecr sus prdpu`stfs.\` pu`e`a ecvcecr `a hde`jds n`rærquclds y hde`jds ad n`rærquclds.
@atr` jds hde`jds n`rærquclds `j hæs e`stflfed `s `j ldal`ptd e` bfltdr o jf cat`jco`alcf o`a`rfj y gcdjüoclf e` \p`frhfa pr`s`at` `a tdef ldaeultf lda cae`p`ae`alcf e`j ldat`xtd. Jds hde`jdspdst`rcdr`s mf trftfed e` r`pjclfr d e` r`lmfzfr jf `xcst`alcf e`j bfltdr o f p`sfr e` `jjd `st`suprfbfltdr `stæ pr`s`at` `a jf hfydrèf e` jds hde`jds bfltdrcfjcstf.
Dtrf dplcüa `s `j hde`jd e` Lf`jj frtclujfed `a Ob, y Ol. \c Ob s` fl`rlf fjf bfltdr o, Ol r`ldo`jds `b`ltds e`j fhgc`at``a jf Ob fj suo`rcr qu` `j r`sujtfed afj e` jf cat`jco`alcf y su h`eclcüapu`e` s`r cae`p`aec`at` e` jf lfpflcefe gcdjüoclf d afturfj y r``nfr jds ldat`aceds qu` jf
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`xp`rc`alcf y jf `eulflcüa mfa e`sfrrdjjfed `a `jjf. @st` hde`jd fe`hæs r``xcdaf sdgr` jds`b`ltds e` jf `efe `a jf cat`jco`alcf.
@atr` jds hde`jds ad n`rærquclds lfg` e`stflfr `j e` Umurstda` qu` `s chpdrtfat` pdrqu` fgr` uaau`vd lfhcad jf p`rsp`ltcvf e` lfpflcefe`s ecb`r`at`s `atr` sè, cae`p`aec`at` `sp`lcfjczfefs `aldhpda`at`s ldalr`tds, f p`sfr e` qu` pu`e` suo`rcr qu` `a `j ldanuatd e` fptctue`s prchfrcfssugyfl` jf cat`jco`alcf o`a`rfj.
@j hde`jd e` Oucjbdre e`slrcg` jf cat`jco`alcf `a bualcüa e` ldat`aceds dp`rflcda`s y prdeultdsy `s jf gfs` pfrf jf ljfsclflcüa e` jds t`sts e` cat`jco`alcf fj e`acr 6=; lfpflcefe`s ecb`r`at`s.@j `abdqu` ldoactcvd s` gfsf `a jds ldhpda`at`s “dp`rflcda`s, prdl`sds- qu` tc`a`a juofr eurfat` `jprdl`sfhc`atd e` jf cabdrhflcüa y sda r`spdasfgj`s e` jf ldaeultf cat`jco`at` (r`b`rcef f jfr`fjczflcüa e` tfr`fs `xp`rch`atfj`s)
 
Mfy tr`s fprdxchflcda`s.
@s lrdadhãtrclf qu` r`jflcdaf jf rfpce`z y `lflcf e` jf r`spu`stf-v`jdlcefe lda jfcat`jco`alcf h`ecfat` jf r`fjczflcüa e` pru`gfs e` tc`hpd e` r`fllcüa (UW).
Jds ldrr`jftds ldoactcvds, l`atrfeds `a jf dp`rflcda`s ldoactcvfs fj r`fjczfr uaf tfr`f ye`sfrrdjjfr hãtdeds pfrf h`ecr jds ecb`r`at`s prdl`sds ldoactcvds qu` tc`a`a juofr fj r`fjczfrjfs tfr`fs.
@j `abdqu` gfsfed `a jf v`jdlcefe y `lc`alcf r`pr`s`atfed pdr Muat, E``rhfa y\t`rag`ro. E``rhfa r`lup`rf `j ldal`ptd e` bfltdr o prdpdac`aed ua hde`jd prdpcd e`cat`jco`alcf y \t`rag`ro pjfat`f `j ldal`ptd e` ldhpda`at` `at`aeced ldhd prdl`sd`j`h`atfj e` cabdrhflcüa f pfrtcr e`j lufj e`sfrrdjjf ua hãtded lda `j qu` ce`atclfr tdedsjds ldhpda`at`s e`j prdl`sfhc`atd e` cabdrhflcüa r`spdasfgj`s e` jf ldaeultf cat`jco`at``a lufjquc`r tfr`f. @a ldanuatd s` lu`stcdaf sc jf v`jdlcefe ldasce`rfef ad s` r`jflcdaf hæslda jf v`jdlcefe a`urdafj lda cae`p`ae`alcf e` jf cat`jco`alcf `a sc hcshf.Bfltdr o`a`rfj e` cat`jco`alcf prdvc`a` e` jf bfltdrczflcüa e` jds tr`s fat`rcdr`s y s` `atc`ae` ldhd `jbfltdr o fuaqu` pfrf Oustfsda `st` bfltdr `s ceãatcld f jf Ob e` Lf`jj (`alu`atrf uaf ldrr`jflcüa`atr` jds eds e` ;.=;).Ufatd jf t`drèf trcfrquclf ldhd `j hde`jd e` cat`jco`alcfs hþjtcpj`s r`pr`s`atfa fjt`raftcvfs f jdshde`jds pscldhãtrclds e` jf cat`jco`alcf, bfltdrcfj`s d ad e`aualcfa `xpjèlctfh`at` jfs jchctflcüa e`ua tcpd e` p`asfhc`atd `xljuscvfh`at` fafjètcld y qu` jf r`eul`a f uaf h`eclcüa `j LC qu` mfpjfat`fed bu`rt`s lfr`alcfs tfatd pdr lühd s` mf `at`aeced ldhd pdr lühd s` mf fpjclfed. Jf t`drèf trcfrquclf chpjclf uaf lrètclf fgc`rtf fj scst`hf `eulftcvd gfsfed `a jfs ofafalcfs h`ecfat``j e`sfrrdjjd e` uaf cat`jco`alcf ecrcocef f jf r`sdjulcüa fafjètclf e` prdgj`hfs y jf h`hdrcf.[frf \t`rag`ro `stf r`pr`s`atf sdjd uaf pfrt` e` jd qu` supda` `j ldastrultd o`a`rfj y `sldae` edsldhpda`at`s hæs `j lr`ftcvd y `j `xp`rc`alcfj tfa a`l`sfrcds ldhd `j prch`rd pfrf jf fefptflcüa e`jcaecvceud ` caljusd `j ãxctd p`rsdafj. Jf e`aualcf chpjclf suo`rcr qu` `j scst`hf `eulftcvd r`prch` jd qu` ad s`f uaf cat`jco`alcf fafjètclfy jd jj`vf f lfgd `sp`lcfjh`at` lda `j ldhpda`at` lr`ftcvd qu` rdhp` lda jfs `strulturfs e`jchctfefsy `alu`atrf au`vfs vèfs e` `xpr`scüa y e` lu`stcdafhc`atd e`j `atdrad.
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