Sol HT Nociones de Trigonometría

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MATEMÁTICA BÁSICA CERO

UNIDAD III: TRIGONOMETRÍA

SEMANA 7-1: Nociones de trigonometría

1. En un triángulo rectángulo ABC, recto en B, a = 21 y c = 20. Calcular: TgC + TgA

a = 21

B c = 20 A

TgA = a/c = 21/20


TgC = c/a = 20/21
TgC + TgA = 20/21 + 21/20 = (202 + 212)/(21 x 20) = 841/420

2. Se tiene un triángulo rectángulo ABC, recto en B, tal que AB = 6,5u. Calcular el área de dicho triángulo
si TgA = 16/13

a =a 16k
= 21

B c =c6,5
= 20u = 13k A

13k = 6,5

k = 1/2 Entonces: a = 16 (1/2) = 8 u

Área = (6,5 x 8) / 2 = 26 u2
3. Si cos B = √𝟓/𝟑, escribir la suma de las otras razones trigonométricas del ángulo B.

h
b

A c B

√5 √5𝑘 𝑐
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐵 = = =
3 3𝑘 ℎ
𝐶 = √5𝑘
h = 3k
h2 = b2 + c2
b2 = h2 – c2
= (3k)2 – (√5k)2
= 9k2 – 5k2
b2 = 9k2
b = √4𝑘 2
b = 2k

SenB = b/h = 2k/3k = 2/3


TgB = b/c = 2k/√5𝑘 = 2/√5 = 2/√5 x √5/√5 = 2√5/5
Ctg. B = 1/Tg = 1/(2/√5) = √5/2
Sec B = 1/CosB = 1/(√5/3) = 3/√5 = 5/√5 x √5/√5 = 3√5/5
Csc B = 1/senB = 1/(2/3) = 3/2
Producto de las razones trigonométricas
2/3 x 2√5/5 x √5/2 x 3√5/5 x 3/2
3√5
=
5
4. Calcular: Sen, si Tg = 1/√𝟐

h
b

A c B
1 𝑘 𝑏
𝑇𝑔𝜃 = = =
√2 √2𝑘 𝑐
b=k
c = √2𝑘
h2 = b2 + c2 = k2 + (√2k)2
h2 = k2 + 2k2 = 3k2
h = √3𝑘 2 = √3k
h = √3k
𝑏 𝑘 1 1 √3 √3
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝜃 = = = = =
ℎ √3𝑘 √3 √3 √3 3

5. Si “” es agudo, además: 3Tg - 2 = 0. Hallar: E = SenCos

3Tg-2 = 0
3Tg = 2
Tg = 2/3 = 2k/3k = b/c
C

h
b

A c B

b = 2k , c = 3k
h2 = b2 + c2 = (2k)2 + (3k)2
h2 = 4k2 + 9k2 = 13k2
h2 = 4k2 + 9k2 = 13k2
h2 = 13k2
h = √13𝑥 2 = √13𝑥
E = sen.Cos
𝑏 𝑐
= .
ℎ ℎ
2𝑘 3𝑘
= .
√13𝑘 √13𝑘
2 3 6
= . =
√13 √13 13
E = 6/13

6. Si: Sen = 0.75  0° <  < 90°. Calcular: 3√𝟕 Ctg

Sen = 0.75 = 75/100 = 15/20 = 3/4 = 3k/4k = b/h


C

h
b

A c B

b = 3k h = 4k …(*) c2 = 7k2
c = √7𝑘 2 = √7𝑘
h2 = b2 + c2
c2 = h2 – b2
c2 – (4k)2 – (3k)2 = 16k2 – 9k2 = 7k2

3√7Ctg.
𝑐 √7𝑘
3√7. = 3√7.
𝑏 3𝑘
=7

7. En un triángulo rectángulo la tangente de uno de sus ángulos agudos es igual a 2,4. Hallar el
perímetro de dicho triángulo si la hipotenusa mide 39 cm.

Tg = 2,4 = 24/10 = 12/5 = 12k/5k = a/c

h
a

B c A

a = 12 k
c=5k
h = 39
h2 = a2 + c2
= (12k)2 + (5k)2
= 144k2 + 25k2
= 167k2
h2 = 169k2
h = √169𝑘 2 = 13k
h = 13k
39 = 13k
3=k
Perímetro
a + c + h = 12k + 5k + 39
= 17k + 39
= 17(3) + 39
= 51 + 39
= 90 cm

8. Calcular Ctg, Tg

Ctg Tg = 2a/b x b/a = 2

9. Calcular TgTg
C


b


A 3n 2n B

Tg Tg = a/5n x 2n/a = 2/5


10. Calcular: Sen(180º - ) + Cos(180º - ) + Sen( - 180º) – Cos( - 180º)
Recordar:
Cos(-) = cos
Sen(-) = -Sen
Sen(180 - ) = +Sen
Cos(180 - ) = -Cos
Entonces:
= Sen + (-Cos) + (-Sen(180-) – cos(180 - )
= Sen - Cos - Sen - (-Cos)
= -Cos + Cos = 0

11. Calcular: 2Sen150º + 3Tg135º + 4Csc330º


1k 60 2k
A = 2Sen150 + 3Tg135 + 4Csc330
30
Sen150 = Sen(180 – 30) = Sen30 = ½
5k
𝑆𝑒𝑛(180−45) 𝑆𝑒𝑛45
Tg 136 = Tg(180 – 45) = = = −𝑇𝑔45 = −1
𝐶𝑜𝑠(180−45) −𝐶𝑜𝑠45
1k 2k
Csc330 = 1/Sen330 = 1/Sen(300-30) = 1/-Sen30 = -Csc30 = -2
 A = 2 + 1/2 + 3(-1) + 4(-2) = 1 – 3 – 8 = –10 45
1k

12. Indique la veracidad o falsedad de las proposiciones


( ) Sen(90º + x) = -Cosx
Sen(90 + x) = Sen 90.Cosx + Cos90.Cosx = 1Cosx + 0Cosx = Cos x (F)
( ) Cos(180º + x) = -Cosx
Cos(180 + x) = Cos180.Cosx – Sen180.Senx = -1Cosx – 0Senx = - Cos x (V)
( ) Sen(270º - x) = -Cosx
Sen(270 – x) = Sen270.Cosx – Cos270.Senx = -1Cosx – 0Senx = - Cos x (V)
( ) Cos(360º - x) = -Cosx
Cos(360 – x) = Cos360.Cosx + Sen360.Senx = 1Cosx + 0Senx = -Cos x (F)
Considerando a “x” como un ángulo agudo

13. Calcular: Sen 780º.Cos1200º.Tg1215º

780 360 1200 360


060 2 120 3

Sen780 = Sen 60 Cos1200 = Cos120 = Cos(180 – 80) = -cos60 = -1/2


= √3/2
1215 360
135 3

𝑆𝑒𝑛(180−45) 𝑆𝑒𝑛45
Tg1215 =Tg135 = Tg(180-45) = = = −𝑇𝑔45 = −1
𝐶𝑜𝑠(180−45) −𝐶𝑜𝑠45

√3 1 √3
Sen780 . Cos1200 . Tg1215 = . (− ) (−1) =
2 2 4

14. Indique la veracidad o falsedad de las proposiciones:


( ) Sen(360º + x) = Senx
Sen(360 +x) = Sen360Cosx + Cos360.Senx = 0Cosx + 1.Senx = Sen x (V)
( ) Cos/720º + x) = Cosx
Cos(720 + x) = Cos720.Cosx – Sen720.Senx = Cos0.Cosx – Sen0.Senx = 1Cosx – 0Senx = Cos x (V)
( ) Tg(1080º + x) = Tgx
𝑆𝑒𝑛(1080+𝑥) 𝑆𝑒𝑛1080𝐶𝑜𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠1080.𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛0𝐶𝑜𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠0.𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥
Tg(1080 + x) = = =
𝐶𝑜𝑠(1080+𝑥) 𝐶𝑜𝑠1080.𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑆𝑒𝑛1080.𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠0.𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑆𝑒𝑛0.𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥
0𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥+1𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥
= = = 𝑇𝑔𝑥 (V)
1𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥.0𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
( ) Ctg(1440º - x) = Ctgx
𝐶𝑜𝑠(1440−𝑥) 𝐶𝑜𝑠1440.𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑆𝑒𝑛1440.𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥
Ctg(1440 – x) = =
𝑆𝑒𝑛(1440−𝑥) 𝑆𝑒𝑛1440.𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝐶𝑜𝑠1440.𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝐶𝑜𝑠0.𝑐𝑜𝑥+𝑆𝑒𝑛0.𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥
= = = −𝐶𝑡𝑔𝑥
𝑆𝑒𝑛0.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝐶𝑜𝑠0.𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑥
(F)

15. Si P(-6; -8)  al lado final del ángulo “” en posición normal, calcular: Sec + Tg
P(-6, -8)
Y

O
-6
X

-8
P

PIIIC
x = -6
y = -8
𝑟 = √62 + 82 = √36 + 64 = √100 = 10
r = 10
Sec + tg = r/x + y/x = 10/-6 + -8/-6
= -2/6 = -1/3

16. Si el lado final del ángulo “” en posición normal pasa por el punto medio del segmento ̅̅̅̅
𝑨𝑩 donde A(-
1; 1) y B(5; 7), calcular: Tg

7 B(5,7)

C(2,4)
-(1,1) A
O
-1 5

C  I cuadrante
x=2 y=4
Tg = y/x = 4/2 = 2

17. Si: Sen = -15/17,  IIIC, calcular: M = Sec + Tg


Sen = -15/17,   III C


x

r
y

Sen = x/r = -15/17


x = -15k
r = 17k
x2 + y2 = r2
(-15k)2 + y2 = (17k)2
y2 = 172k2 – 152k2
y2 = (172 – 152)k2
y2 = (17 + 15)(17 – 15)k2
y2 = (17 + 15)(17 – 15)k2
y2 = 32(2k2)
y2 = 64k2
y = √64𝑘 2
y = 8k Por estar en el III C: y = -8k
M = Sec  + Tg  = 17k/-8k + -15k/-8k = -17/8 + 15/8 = -1/4

18. Hallar: Sen - Cos


S Tg = 7/24; IIIC
Tg = 7/24 ,  6 III C
Tg = y/x = -7k/-24k , k  C
y = -7k
x = -24k
r2 = x2 + y2 = (-24k)2 + (-7k)2 = 242k2 + 72k2
r2 = 576k2 + 49k2 = 625k2
r = √625𝑘 2 = 25𝑘
Sen - Cos = y/r – x/r = -7k/25k – (-24k)/25
= -7/25 + 24/25 = 17/25

19. Calcular Sen 15º


Recordar: 𝑆𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 . 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑦
𝑆𝑒𝑛 15° = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(45° − 30°) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 45° . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30° − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 45° . 𝑠𝑒𝑛 30°
√2 √3 √2 1
𝑆𝑒𝑛 15° = . − .
2 2 2 2
√6 − √2
𝑆𝑒𝑛 15° =
4

𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐 𝒙−𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐 𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙−𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐 𝒚


20. Si x + y = /12. Calcular: +
𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒙 .𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 .𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 .𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒙 .𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒚
1−cos 2𝑥 1−cos 2𝑦 1+cos 2𝑥 1−cos 2𝑦
− −
2 2 2 2
= +
sen (x − y) cos (x − y)

− cos 2𝑥+ cos 2𝑦 cos 2𝑥+ cos 2𝑦


2 2
= +
sen (x − y) cos (x − y)

− (cos 2𝑥− cos 2𝑦) cos 2𝑥+ cos 2𝑦


2 2
= +
sen (x − y) cos (x − y)
− (−2 sen (x+y) .sen (x−y)) (2 cos (x+y) .cos (x−y))
2 2
= +
sen (x − y) cos (x − y)

= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)

= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (15°) + cos(15°)

√6 − √2 √6 + √2
= +
4 4

√6 √2 √6 √2
= − + +
4 4 4 4

2√6
=
4

√6
=
2

21. Calcular Sen2x + Cos 2x, si: Sen x = 3/5 ; x  R

Sen x = 3/5 = 3k/5k = b/h


C

h
b
x
A B

b = 3k
h = 5k
h2 = b2 + c2
c2 = h2 – b2
= (5k) – (3k)2
c2 = 25k2 – 9k2
c2 = 16k2
c = 4k
Sen 2x = 2Senx.Cosx
= 2(b/h)(c/h)
= 2(3k/5k)(4k/5k)
= 2(3/5)(4/5)
Sen x = 24/25
Cos 2x = Co2x – Sen2x
= (c/h)2 – (b/h)2
= (4k/5k)2 – (3k/5k)2
= (4/5)2 – (3/5)2
= 16/25 – 9/25
Cos 2x = 7/25
Sen2x + Cos2x = 24/25 + 7/25 = 31/25

22. Calcular: Sen22°30’


1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 1/2
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝜃 = ( )
2
 = 22°30’
1/2
1−𝐶𝑜𝑠2(22°30′ 1/2 1−𝐶𝑜𝑠45 1/2 1−√2/2
Sen22°30’= ( ) =( ) =( )
2 2 2
1
2−√2 2 √2−√2
=( ) =
4 2

23. Convertir a producto: Sen8A + Sen4A


Sen ( + ) + Sen ( - ) = 2SenCos
Sen8A + Sen4A = Sen(6A +2A) + Sen(6A – 2A) = 2 Sen6A . Cos2A

24. Reducir: Sen80º + Sen40º


Recordar:

Sen( + ) = SenCos ± CosSen

Cos( ± ) = CosCos ± SenSen

Sen( + ) + Sen( - ) = 2SenCos

Sen( + ) - Sen( - ) = 2CosCos

Cos( + ) - Cos( - ) = -2SenSen


Entonces:
Sen 80 + Sen 40 = sen (60 + 20) + Sen(60 – 20)
= 2 . Sen60 . Cos20
= 2 . √3/2 . Cos20
= √3 Cos20

25. Reducir: R = cos6x cosx + sen 5x sen 2x – sen 6x sen 3x


R = Cos6xCosx + Sen5xSen2x – Sen6xSen3x
1 1 1
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥) − (𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠9𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠9𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠9𝑥
1
= 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠9𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥)
1
= 2 (cos(7𝑥 + 2𝑥) + cos(7𝑥 − 2𝑥))
1
= 2 (2 . 𝐶𝑜𝑠7𝑥 . 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝑥)

R = Cos7x . Cos2x

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