GC[EZQML 4 6 MC ÅZEGC NTEANC6 CTEWZ×ZAMAW.
3) AH DQWGC JA MC APGAMAHGEC.
Am nrch
ldfatevl ja mc omlslâc blrcm nreanc ua dusgcr mc axgamahgec jam sar `ubchl
.[lr asl sa puaja jahlbehcr tcbdeåh glbl
åtegc ja mcs vertujas
(
vertuj
ah nreanl 2
cratå
2
axgamahgec ja uhc glsc)
. Wa trctc ja uh glhgaptl qua rabeta cm oh l c mc uhge÷h ja cquamml c mlqua sa cpmegc6 jasabpaócr deah am prlpel oh, mc uhge÷h ja gcjc glsc, ah asl glhsestâc am
cratå
.Ja asta bljl,
tljl jadâc tahar su cratå
(zcpctarl `cgar zcpctls, uh ray nldarhcr) y c su vaz
tljl tahjâc c uh oh6
tljl tahâc su
tåmls
(cmgchzcrml arc glhsanuer mc vertuj, mc axgamahgec).C asa oh (
tåmls
) qua teahja am sar `ubchl mls nreanls ml mmcbcdch
cnct`÷s
, am ”
deah
‒. Warvertulsl sarã ml besbl qua sar duahl, sar uhc duahc parslhc. U puastl qua mc vertuj as mcaxgamahgec, cmgchzcr asa deah y tahar
cratå
glhsesterã ah sar am
crestls
, am baflr. Astls glhgaptlsqua gcmeogcdch mc vejc ja mls nreanls, hls `cdmch ja uhc slgeajcj glbpatetevc y baretlgrãtegc,jlhja sa raglhlga cm qua sldrascma y jastcgc am abpaól ja sar am baflr.[crc mls nreanls, dusgcr mc
jebahse÷h åtegc
ja mc axestahgec ebpmegcdc
aslrzcrsa plrlrfcr uhc bcharc ja sar vertulsc
. Csâ pmchtacjc,
mc åtegc suplha jls glscs
6
•
Mc vejc `ubchc teaha uh deah l
uh oh
jatarbehcjl qua
`cy qua racmezcr
.
•
Sua asc racmezcge÷h
japahja jam sar `ubchl
.
Hcjea hcga seahjl vertulsl, sehl qua mc vertuj puaja y jada cjquerersa
. [ragescbahtaah asa ehtahtl ja cjquerermc glhsesta mc lrbcge÷h jam gcrãgtar, l glbl jerâcbls `ly, mc lrbcge÷hblrcm ja mc parslhc.Bãs qua ahtahjar
mc åtegc
glbl uh glhfuhtl ja jadaras l ja hlrbcs, mls nreanls mc ahteahjahglbl
mc cjquesege÷h
ja uhc sanuhjc hcturcmazc l
ja uhc sarea ja vertujas
(ja c`â qua mc åtegcastuvearc astrag`cbahta vehgumcjc glh mc ajugcge÷h, c mc cjquesege÷h ja `ãdetls l glstubdras).Ah mc
arc praomls÷ogc
, mc vertuj yc axestâc ah am mahnucfa y ah mc vejc nreanc parl glh uhsenheogcjl jearahta. Ah mls plabcs `lbåregls, mls duahls, mls baflras slh mls `årlas, guyl
at`ls
(bcharc ja sar, gcrãgtar), ah mc qua jadah sldrascmer, as nuarracr y scmer vegtlrelsls.
Ammuncr hcturcm jam `lbdra as mc nuarrc, y mc baflr lrbc ja axester ah tcm aspcgel as sar uhglbdcteahta
.
•
@arãgmetl
6 ”
mc nuarrc as am pcjra ja tljcs mcs glscs
‒.
•
[mct÷h
6 ”Z
ljls mls `lbdras slh, pödmegc l prevcjcbahta, ahabenls ja mls jabãs‒9 ”Gcjc uhl as tcbdeåh ahabenl ja se besbl
‒.Am
`årla `lbåregl
as am qua teaha tljcs mcs gucmejcjas qua `cy qua tahar6
hldmazc
,
vcmlr
y
åxetl
. Am
deah
ah asta glhtaxtl glhsesta ah tahar
tljcs mcs gucmejcjas
vcmlrcjcs ah mc slgeajcjnreanc6
glrcfa dåmegl
,
`cdemejcj
y
åxetl ah mc nuarrc
. Astc as
uhc glhgapge÷h buy crestlgrãtegc
ja mc åtegc l vertuj, prlpec ja uhc slgeajcj farcrquezcjc jlhja am båretl glrrasplhja cm astctusjcjl jasja mc guhc, hl plrqua sa ml `cyc nchcjl glbl cnahta blrcm. Wlml mmancrã c sar
vertulsl
am `årla, qua pcrc abpazcr teaha qua sar
hldma
. Wlml as duahl y vertulsl cquam qua teaha amprevemanel ja pljar sarml y qua, plr ml tchtl, sarã
raglhlgejl pödmegcbahta
glbl tcm. Mc vejcehtarelr, asperetucm guahtc plgl l hcjc.Astcbls chta uhc ”
gumturc ja mc varnýahzc
‒ (
s`cba gumtura
) ah mc qua am cpragel ja mcslgeajcj as uhjcbahtcm glbl ehjegcjlr blrcm ja uhc parslhc. Hl `c mmancjl mc ”
gumturc ja mcgumpc
‒, prlpec jam pahscbeahtl grestechl l ja uhc omlslâc ja mc glhgeahgec qua vcmlrc y sacrrapeahta ja sus cgtls. Mc
varnýahzc
, plr am glhtrcrel, as am sahtebeahtl c mc
cmtc jaraglhlgebeahtl slgecm
l c mc
pårjejc jam `lhlr
.Am ehegel ja mc
raaxe÷h omls÷ogc
, jam pahscbeahtl rcgelhcm, as am glbeahzl c su vaz jamcs jujcs ramctevestcs y am oh ja astc arc praomls÷ogc ja plabcs `lbåregls. Mls om÷slls,`estlrecjlras y platcs abpeazch c jcrsa guahtc ja qua
ml qua sa suama ejahteogcr glh mc vertuj
l glh mc fustegec
(qua sarã mc vertuj uhjcbahtcm ja mc plmes)
hl glehgeja glh ml qua
jadarâch sar
mc vertuj l mc fustegec.U as c`â,
ah asc jestehge÷h ahtra
ml qua as
y
ml qua jadarâc sar
jlhja rcjegcprlpecbahta am pahscbeahtl åtegl
(ah am aspcgel ahtra mc Lhtlmlnâc y mc Jalhtlmlnâc surna mcÅtegc).
4) MLW WLOEWZCW, WLGTCZAW U [MCZ×H6 MC _ETZQJ AW GLHLGEBEAHZL
.
Asc jujc bat÷jegc qua hcga glh mc omlslâc besbc cmgchzc su gahet ah am
s. _
glh mls
slostcs
(
Wlp`ls 2 scdel
), qua raprasahtch mc åplgc emustrcjc jam pahscbeahtl nreanl. Hl saglhlrbcrlh slml glh sar scdels, sehl qua `cgâch cmcrja ja su scdar, puastl qua ml
ahsaócdch
y
gldrcdch
plr su trcdcfl. As jager, `cgah ml qua `cgah `ly mls jlgahtas.
W÷grctas
y
[mct÷h
saasgchjcmezch ja mc, c su fuegel, ehstrubahtcge÷h qua mls slostcs `cgah ja sus ahsaóchzcs(
bargahcrels jam scdar
).[lr su pcrta,
W÷grctas
hl glhvearta su scdar ah bargchgâc. Hl `cga cmcrja ja su scdar y`cga
prlase÷h ja su enhlrchgec
(”
yl s÷ml så qua hl så hcjc
‒). Dusgc scdar, geartcbahta, parl hlsa prlplha ahsaócr ml qua scda, sehl bãs deah plhar ja bcheoastl mcs mcnuhcs qua gcjc gucmteaha ah su glhlgebeahtl. Mls prebarls jeãmlnls pmct÷hegls, hcrrch mcs
jesputcs ahtra W÷grctas
ymls
slostcs
(
jeãmlnls slgrãtegls
), ah mcs qua
W÷grctas
utemezc am
båtljl jecmågtegl
, as jager, ctrcvås ja mc glhvarscge÷h, ja pranuhtcs y raspuastcs, pcrc jasgudrer ml qua uhls y ltrls enhlrch.
W÷grctas
usc mcs corbcgelhas ja sus lplhahtas pcrc blstrcr mc vumharcdemejcj y mc cmtc jauhjcbahtl ja astcs.Ah racmejcj, mls
slostcs hl dusgch mc varjcj
. [crc ammls he mc åtegc he mc plmâtegc puajahparbetersa fuegels qua vcych bãs cmmã ja mc
jlxc
(lpehe÷h).
Hl mcs glhsejarch
puas
geahgecs
plrqua hl sa dcsch ah varjcjas jablstrcdmas sehl ah lpehelhas. C ml öhegl qua uhl puajacspercr as c parsucjer, c glhvahgar sldra ammcs, plr ml qua mls slostcs sarãh
bcastrls ja mcrat÷regc
(crta ja mc parsucse÷h), ah uh ehtahtl ja cj`ase÷h c mcs ejacs l mayas qua ammls astebchglhvaheahtas.
[rltãnlrcs
(uhl ja mls slostcs bãs ebplrtchtas) jagâc qua ”
am `lbdra as mc bajejc ja tljcs mcs glscs
‒. Ah asc rcsa sa va deah asa ramctevesbl prlpel ja mls slostcs. He mls fuegels blrcmas he mcs mayas slh ltrc glsc qua glhvahgelhas. Ml qua as fustl ah uhc geujcj puajasar ehfustl ah ltrc. Hl axesta uhc asahgec ja mc fustegec he ja mc vertuj.[lr supuastl, hl tljls mls slostcs slh enucmas he sa carrch cm ramctevesbl ja mc besbclrbc. Sua `cych pcscjl c mc `estlrec glbl mls cjcmejas ja mc crnubahtcge÷h ahncólsc y as slmlglhsaguahgec ja mc bcmc prahsc qua cjquerearlh plr gcusc ja mc glhjahc naharcmezcjc qua ja mcslostegc y ja sus båtljls dcscjls ah mc rat÷regc `ezl
[mct÷h
.
[mct÷h
saócmc am glhtrcsta ahtra uhc
glhgapge÷h asahgecmestc
a
ehtamagtucmestc
jam deah ymc vertuj ja
W÷grctas
c mc vese÷h
glhvahgelhcm
y
prcnbãtegc
ja mc vertuj ja mls
slostcs
. Mc
åtegcslgrãtegc
jarevc ja mc bãxebc ”
glh÷gata c te besbl
‒6 slml am qua sa glhlga scdrã ml qua asduahl pcrc åm. Guchjl W÷grctas sa raoara c uhl besbl, hl sa raoara cm guarpl sehl cm
cmbc
.
Glhlgarsa senheogcrã trctcr ja dusgcr am deah jam cmbc
plr ahgebc jam deah jam guarpl, uhdeah, plr ltrc pcrta, qua hl jearerã tchtl ja uh ehjevejul c ltrl, jcjl qua mcs cmbcs sa pcragah.Am
deah
l mc
vertuj
jam cmbc mls
ahguahtrc
gcjc uhl ah se besbl cpmegchjl am
båtljl jamc bcyåutegc
6 gcpcgejcj ja cyujcr c ”pcrer‒, ahglhtrcr y glhlgar am deah qua mmavc uhl jahtrl.
W÷grctas
talrezc plgl sldra mc åtegc, parl jc afabpml ja ammc, cpcrageahjl glbl uh `lbdraehtanrl qua prajegc glh su vejc y buastrc uhc bljastec ehtamagtucm. Ah mls jeãmlnls slgrãtegls,bãs qua jager qua as mc vertuj,
hls jega ml qua mc vertuj hl jada sar
, rautchjl mcs lpehelhas jamls qua pcrtegepch ah sus jeãmlnls. Am jesgursl ja Wlgrctas jastcgc plr su ehjapahjahgec jagretarel, ml gucm rasumtc plmâtegcbahta ebpartehahta pcrc am Astcjl ctaheahsa qua ml cgcdcglhjahchjl c blrer.C
[mct÷h
ma cagt÷ bug`l mc buarta ja su bcastrl W÷grctas (755 c.G.) y ml ahtahje÷ glbluhc buastrc ja ehjenhejcj ja mc plmâtegc. Astc buarta fuhtl glh mc jagcjahgec ja mc jablgrcgecctaheahsa (pareljl ja mls ”
traehtc terchls
‒), ma mmavch c
jasglhocr errabajecdmabahta ja mcplmâtegc
. Ah su Gcrtc _EE, sa puaja maar su jagapge÷h chta mc plmâtegc, y sa puajah axtrcar
jlsejacs
qua hls servah pcrc rasuber su
pahscbeahtl blrcm
6
c)
Wlml mls varjcjarcbahta om÷slls
(ah sahtejl ateblm÷negl6 ”cbchtas ja mcscdejurâc‒.)
jadarâch mmancr c gcrnls pödmegls
. Mls qua sa abpaóch ah quarar scdar, ah dusgcr mcvarjcj, ml qua astãh ah glhjegelhas ja sar axgamahtas, mls baflras, nldarhcrãh baflr. (Batãlrcja mc gcvarhc6 mls qua scmah ja mc gcvarhc y glhtabpmch mc racmejcj c mc muz jam ejacm). Glhlrbcastc uhc
vese÷h ehtamagtucmestc
6 mc
vertuj as am glhlgebeahtl
, plr ml qua slml am scdel astltcmbahta vertulsl, puas dcstc glhlgar am deah pcrc vever glhlrba c åm.d)
Am pahscbeahtl blrcm pmct÷hegl senua seahjl ametestc y crestlgrãtegl
, yc hl c mcbcharc @lbåregc, sehl qua c`lrc am vertulsl as am scdel. [arl hl tljls mls `lbdras (y bug`lbahls mcs bufaras) pljrãh cggajar c mc glhjege÷h ja scdels. Taglrjabls qua ah
Mc Tapödmegc
(ldrc raprasahtctevc ja su pahscbeahtl plmâtegl y blrcm), lraga uhc
vese÷h ut÷pegc
ja mc geujcjglhstetuejc plr mc jevese÷h astcbahtcm ja sus beabdrls. Jega qua am
cmbc teaha tras pcrtas
(
vanatctevc, sahsetevc y rcgelhcm
) glrrasplhjeahtas glh mls
tras astcbahtls slgecmas
ah mls quajada jevejersa mc geujcj (
ldrarls, nucrjechas y om÷slls
). Gcjc astcbahtl teaha mcs vertujas qua maslh prlpecs plrqua `c ja gubpmer uhc uhge÷h (
tåmls
) jestehtl ah gcjc gcsl. Mc ajugcge÷h ylrbcge÷h jam gcrãgtar ja gcjc uhl jadarãh sar jearahtas y cglrjas c gcjc astcbahtl, glh am ohc uh deahastcr glböh y am duah uhgelhcbeahtl ja mc geujcj.Mc
åtegc slgrãtegl-pmct÷hegc racggelhc rahta cm ramctevesbl
y glhvahgelhcmesbl ja mls
slostcs
glh mc
talrâc ja mcs ejacs
. Bug`ls ja mls jeãmlnls pmct÷hegls nerch ah tlrhl c pranuhtcsglbl6 ¼
Suå as mc fustegec
<, ¼
Suå as mc vertuj
< C jearahgec ja mls slostcs qua sa rabetâch pcrcglhtastcr c mc lpehe÷h ja mls `lbdras,
[mct÷h dusgc mc ejac
,
mc asahgec
ja gcjc uhc ja ammcs,
suvarjcj
.U `cy cmnl bãs c tahar ah guahtc6
mc glbpmabahtcreajcj ja åtegc y plmâtegc
. [crc mlsnreanls,
am sar `ubchl as uh chebcm glbuhetcrel y slgecm.
Mc åtegc, puas, hl as pahscjc jasjaam ehjevejul, sehl jasja mc glmagtevejcj. Am sar `ubchl jada sar vertulsl plrqua veva ah mc plmes ysa jada c ammc. U slml ah am sahl ja uhc glbuhejcj ma as jcjl jascrrlmmcr asc axgamahgec qua saglhgratc ah mc vejc vertulsc.