arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis muSaobis gegma

enaTmecnierebis instituti 7 maisi,

maisi, 10 saa
saaTi

samecniero sesiis gaxsna _ senakis gamgebeli T. adamia

m i s a l m e b e b i

v. S e n g e l i a, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos arnold

arnold Ciqobavas Ciqobavaze. XLV_L

sakiTxavebi S. a f r i d o n i Z e, arnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnieruli na-

azrevis enisa da stilis Sesaxeb

g. k v a r a c x e l i a, qarTuli enis funqcionirebis zogadi

da konkretuli problemebi
XXII g. g o g o l a S v i l i, lingvisturi SeniSvnebi. 2. zmniswin-
Ta funqciebis Taobaze

a. a r a b u l i, e.w. sazedao qcevis asaxvisaTvis ganmartebiT

senaki leqsikonSi

l. s a n i k i Z e, wova-TuSuris leqsikidan
2011 wlis 7- 8 maisi
m. r o b a q i Ze, `cnobisa~ da `gulis-ƒmis~ mniSvnelobisa-
Tvis Zvel qarTul enaSi (qarTul-somxur enobriv ur-
TierTobaTa Suqze)

T. R v i n a Z e, isev g u l q a r T l i s Sesaxeb

n. m a y a v a r i a n i, cxeni da cxenTan dakavSirebuli leqsi-

ka afxazurSi (semantikur-struqturuli analizi)

T. v a S a k i Z e, sintaqsur-stilistikuri Taviseburebani mux-

Tbilisi ran mayavarianis poeziaSi
2011 T. b u r y u l a Z e, rTuli TanwKobili winadadebis struq-
tura Zvel qarTulSi (zogadi mimoxilva)

3
 m. T e T r a Z e, lezgiuri enis erTmarcvlian saxelur fuZe- r. g e r s a m i a, saxelTa mravlobiTSi CarTuli l sonoris
Ta struqturuli analizi funqciis sakiTxisaTvis megrulsa da lazurSi

n. b e n d u q i Z e, sintaqsuri SekavSirebis saxeebi qarTuli, Ì. Ó À Ù Ë É À Í É, ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ ÌÚÀÒÉ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈØÅÀ-

afxazuri da adiGeuri enebis atributul sintagmaSi ÌÄÁÉÓ, ÞÅÄËÉ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒÉ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÄÁÉÓ, ßÚÄÅËÉ-
ÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀËÏÝÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÖËÄÁÉÓ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ
e. n a p i r e l i, mesame subieqturi mravlobiTi ricxvis t. g u r g e n i Z e, mravalwevraelementebiani simravlis da-
gamoxatva da kodTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi lago- xasiaTeba gansxvavebuli tipis semantikuri diferenci-
dexis raionSi aluri niSnebiT

n. o T i n a S v i l i, frones xeobebis toponomastikuri ma-

salebi. sofeli avnevi
7 maisi,
maisi, 16 saa
saaTi r. l o l u a, abruptiul TanxmovanTa sakiTxisaTvis udi-
ur enaSi

n. q u T e l i a, megrulisa da lazuris urTierTmimarTebi- x. y a n d a S v i l i, frazeologizmi, rogorc sityvis ganmar-

saTvis tebis erT-erTi saSualeba sulxan-sabas `sityvis konaSi~

T. u T u r g a i Z e, {-en} da {-a} _ Odp afiqsTa gramatikuli

GirebulebisaTvis diaqroniuli aspeqtiT
8 mai
maisi, 10 saa
saaTi
d. m e l i q i S v i l i, arnold Ciqobava morfologiuri
faqtis kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb (qarTuli zmnis Cvene-
baTa mixedviT) i. C a n t l a Z e, svanuri enis dialeqturi diferencirebisa-
Tvis
c. b a r a m i Z e, CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi enobrivi situaciis
SefasebiTi momenti m. C u x u a, brunebis praqarTveluri sistemis zogi saki-
TxisaTvis
m. s u x i S v i l i, leCxumuri g e l c m u l i s etimologii-
saTvis m. R l o n t i, sul-is leqsikur-semantikuri arCevani qar-
TulSi
T. m a x a r o b l i Z e, konkretuli Tu abstraqtuli?
r. f a r e u l i Z e, qarTulidan sitKvaTa sesxebis zogi
n. W o x o n e l i Z e, SuSut-sityvis omonimuri calebis is-
Tavisebureba qisturSi
toriisaTvis qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi
n. r u x a Z e, -un sufiqsis sakiTxisaTvis udiurSi
n. x a x i a S v i l i, svla zmnis erTi mniSvnelobisaTvis
e. g i u n a S v i l i, rTuli zmnebis kvlevisaTvis epigrafi-
q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i, uGlebis erTi kategoriisaTvis
kulsa da maniqeur saSualo sparsulSi
svanur enaSi

4 5
 T. g o g o l a Z e, rogor muSaobda k. gamsaxurdia qarTul levan azmaifaraSvili
sitKvaze

l. a z m a i f a r a S v i l i, eTnografiuli realiebiT mo- eTnografiuli

eTnografiuli realiebiT motivirebul
kompozitTa Sesaxeb qarTulSi
qarTulSi
tivirebul kompozitTa Sesaxeb qarTulSi

m. l o m i a, uarKofiTi da dadasturebiTi nawilakebis qarTul enaSi uxvad moipoveba orcnebiani kompozitebi,

funqciuri ganawilebis principebi megrulSi romelTa SemadgenlobaSic Sedis sxeulis nawilTa aRmniSvneli
sxvadasxva saxelebi; aseTebia, magaliTad, xel- xel-fexi
fexi,
xi tan-
tan-fexi
fexi,
xi
e. S e n g e l i a, megruli Sur-i `suli; suni~ sikvdil-si-
mxar-
mxar-beWi
beWi,
Wi gul-
gul - mkerdi
mkerdi,
di cxvir-
cxvir- pir
pir i , wver-
wver-ulva
ulvaSi
Si,
vaSi Tval-
Tval- warbi
warbi,
bi
cocxlisa da cxonebis semantikis Semcvel frazeolo-
gul- RviZli da sxva. am tipis zogierTi kompozitis gamoyeneba
gul-RviZli
gizmebsa da idiomatur gamoTqmebSi
saerTo enaSi amave dros ramdenadme SezRudulia, mag., yel- yel-
l. g i g l e m i a n i, SorisdebulTa erTi Jgufis analizisa- yuri
yuri,
ri gava
gava-
va-weli
weli,
li kuW- wlavi umTavresad mainc samedicino
kuW-nawla
nawlavi
Tvis svanurSi dargis kuTvnili terminebia.
moiZebneba analogiuri agebulebis iseTi kompozitebic,
Í. Û À Å Ò Ä Û É À Í É, ÂÉÍ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ
romlebic dRes iSviaTad Tu ixmarebian da saliteraturo qar-
TulisaTvis ramdenadme uCveuloni arian; amgvar sityvas warmo-
l. k e l a u r a Z e, saerToqarTvelur harmoniul kompleqs- adgens dialeqtebSi xel ri xevsurulsa da fSaurSi, maga-
xel-mxari
mxari.
Ta SesatKvisobaTaTvis buruSul da baskur enebSi. II liTad, arsebobs myari Sesityveba ƒel- el-mƒaris naTvla
naTvla,
Tvla ƒel-
el-
mƒars gai lavs ase ewodeba kultmsaxurebis erT-erT wess:
gainaTlavs
naTlavs.
n. f o n i a v a, TanxmovanTkompleqsebi afxazuri enis erT-
jvar-xatis msaxuri samsxverplo pirutyvs daklavs da mis
marcvlian zmnur ZirebSi
sisxls, ganwmendis mizniT, xelebze isxurebs _ `gainaTleba~
i. x a r a m i S v i l i, interferenciuli movlenebisaTvis (al. oCiauri, s. makalaTia, al. WinWarauli...). sainteresoa,
megrulSi rom megrulSic dasturdeba `xeli~ da `mxari~ komponentebisa-
gan Sedgenili sityva xe- xe-xunjo ba zedmiw. `xel-mxroba~. am sa-
xunjoba
joba,
xelwodebiT cnobilia dReoba, romelsac mWedlebi sagangebod
aRniSnavdnen axali wlis wina dRes (i. qobalia, s. makalaTia,
n. rexviaSvili). sayuradReboa Tavad locvis teqsti, romelic
xexunjobaze warmoiTqmoda: `xexuji bednieri do mSvenieri, Cqi-
mi xe do xujiSi naqiminaT Cqimi guri gaaxari, Cqimi xe do xuji-
Si jgirobuas si qˆgmorCqine. xeSi taxua, xujiSi Wua ma do Cqi-
mi Cil do squas SoriSa qˆgmomira‡iT `xel-mxari bedniero da
mSveniero, Cemi xelisa da mxris naqnariT Cemi guli gaaxare, Ce-
mi xelisa da mxris janmrTelobiT Sen damabere. xelis texva,

6 7
mxris tkivili me da Cem cols da Svils Soris gagviqarve~ (s. ganmeorebadobiT, rac saTanado asaxvas poulobs enaSic: rome-
makalaTia). lime myari stereotipuli qmedeba Tu eTnografiul-yofiTi
cnobilia, rom enaSi or sityvas Soris SesaZloa gaCndes movlena tradiciuli sazogadoebis metyvelebaSi, rogorc we-
garkveuli asociaciuri mimarTeba, Tu maT xmarebas erTmaneTis si, myari enobrivi erTeuliT (kompozitiT, SesityvebiT...) aris
gverdiT regularuli xasiaTi aqvs. qarTulSi, magaliTad, ia xolme gamoxatuli da saxeldebuli.
sityvasTan mWidrodaa asociaciurad dakavSirebuli vardi vardi,
di mniSvnelovania gamovlena da Seswavla iseTi sityvebisa Tu
rac saTanadod asaxulia kidec enaSi (gansakuTrebiT poetur gamoTqmebisa, romlebic, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, mxolod sa-
metyvelebaSi, folklorul teqstebSi...). garkveul xanaSi ki, kuTriv eTnografiuli yofis realiebiT arian Sepirobebuli
sparsuli poeziis gavleniT, vardi
vardi aseve ukavSirdeboda si- da warmoqmnili enaSi. amjerad zogierT maTganze vamaxvileb yu-
tyvas bulbu
bulbulili. qarTulisaTvis bunebrivia agreTve SekavSire-
buli. radRebas.
ba puri
puri da Rvino
Rvino sityvebisa... igive movlena SesamCnevia an- sityva diswul
diswul- disZma moipoveba mTis dialeqtebSi. age-
wul-dedisZ
dedisZma
TroponimebSic: petre
petre saxelTan, magaliTad, mWidro asociaci- bulebis mxriv warmoadgens iseTsave tipis kompozits, rogori-
ur kavSirSia pavle
pavle...
le caa saliteraturo qarTulSi da- da-Zma,
Zma ded-
ded-mama
mama,
ma col- qmari da
col-qmari
garkveuli drois manZilze da garkveul pirobebSi SesaZ- sxva. es saxeoba naTesauri urTierTobisa Cvens dRevandel ur-
lebelia moxdes sityvaTa amdagvari wyvilebis gakompoziteba, banizebul yofaSi aRar aris mkafiod da sagangebod gamokveTi-
anu maTi qceva myar leqsikur erTeulebad. sityvaTa Soris li, magram aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi, magaliTad, dis- dis-
aseTi saxis mimarTebaTa gaCena imTaviTve SeiZleba Sepirobebu- wul-
wul-dedis Zmoba metad mniSvnelovani movlena iyo. igi farTo
dedisZmo
disZmoba
li iyos wminda logikur-azrobrivi faqtoriT, anda mxatvrul- interesis sagani gaxda msoflio eTnologiaSi (araerTi eTno-
poeturi azrovnebis zemoqmedebiT. am mxriv mniSvnelovnad gan- sisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli es movlena) da misTvis SemuSavda
msazRvrelia agreTve saTanado enaze metyveli xalxis (eTnosis) specialuri samecniero terminic – avunku lati (laT. avuncu-
avunkula
kulati
eTnografiul-yofiTi stereotipebi; swored eTnografiuli lus `dedis Zma~).
yofis wiaRSia gaCenili, magaliTad, sityvaTa wyvilebi fic- fic- naTesauri urTierTobis sistemaTa mravalferovnebasa da
vercxli (SesityvebaSi: fic-vercxlis Wama), ƒar-
vercxli qvabi (Sesi-
ar-qvabi simyares tradiciul sazogadoebaSi kargad asaxavs aseTi xevsu-
tyvebaSi: ƒar-qvabiT Sayra) da sxva; xolo sityvaTa wyvils, ro- ruli sityvebic: qal-qal-mami
mamisax
misaxlo
saxloba
loba,
ba dei
deida-
da-mami
mamidaS
midaSvi
daSvilo
viloba
loba,
ba siZe
siZe-
Ze-
goricaa qal- vaJi eTnografiul sinamdvileSi SeiZleba iseTi
qal-vaJi colis
colisdo
lisdoba
doba,
ba zal-
zal-qmreu loba (n. baliauri).
qmreuloba
konotacia moepovebodes, rac saliteraturo enisaTvis ar aris sityva qal- zali mTis kiloebSi aris `krebiTi saxelwode-
qal-zali
niSandoblivi, mag., xevsurulSi kompoziti qal- Joba swor-
qal-vaJo
vaJoba ba soflis gasaTxovari da gaTxovili dedrovanisa~ (T. oCiau-
fruli urTierTobis aRmniSvnel erT-erT sityvadac gvevline- ri). eTnologiur mecnierebas albaT gauZneldeboda Tavad Se-
ba. eqmna iseTi specialuri termini, romelic ufro bunebrivi da
eTnografiuli yofisaTvis, Cveulebriv, niSandoblivia ada- organuli Sesatyvisi iqneboda mTis soflis Sinagani sazoga-
mianTa qcevebis, urTierTobebis, qmedebebis garkveuli stereo- doebrivi yofisa, vidre kompoziti qal- li rogorc cnobi-
qal-zali
zali.
tipuloba, rac ganmtkicebulia tradiciebiT. esa Tu is socia- lia, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi moqmedebda egzogamiis
lur-yofiTi movlena tradiciul sazogadoebaSi xasiaTdeba Se- mkacri wesi, romlis mixedviT dauSvebeli iyo erTi da imave
darebiT meti mdgradobiT da erTi da imave saxiT mravaljer soflis qal-vaJis daqorwineba; am wesma ki saTanado asaxva hpo-

8 9
va enaSic qali
qali da zali
zali sityvebis dapirispirebiT: xevsureTis avTandil arabuli
sofelSi, magaliTad, zali
zali ewodeboda gaTxovil pirs, rome-
lic aucileblad sxva soflidan unda yofiliyo moyvanili; e.w. sazedao qcevis asaxvisaTvis ganmartebiT
xolo qali
qali xevsurulSi mniSvnelobiT ar aris identuri sali- leqsikonSi
teraturo qarTulis imave sityvisa (mdedrobiTi sqesis adamiani
zogadad). xevsurul sofelSi qali
qali erqva gasaTxovar pirs, ro- cnobilia, rom qarTuli zmnis formawarmoebiTi sirTule
melic imave sofelSi iyo dabadebuli da gazrdili; gaTxovebis specifikur siZneleebs qmnis Sesabamis formaTa da mniSvnelo-
SemTxvevaSi ki isic zali
zali gaxdeboda, oRond ukve sxva sofelSi. baTa asaxvisaTvis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi da es ki nairgvar da
enaTmecnieruli TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa is faqti, rom winaaRmdegobriv mosazrebaTa arsebobas ganapirobebs.
saliteraturo qarTulSi qali qali da rZali
rZali ar qmnian sapirispi- erT-erTi am rigis sakiTxia qcevis formaTa da, kerZod,
ro mniSvnelobis mqone sityvaTa wyvils, xolo mTis kiloebSi e.w. sazedao qcevis asaxva qeglis zmnur statiaTa mniSvnelo-
igive sityvebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, antonimebad gvevlinebian; an- bebsa da ganmartebebSi. kerZod, am TvalsazrisiT gasaTvaliswi-
tonimiad ki miiCneva sityvaTa regularuli (da ara SemTxvevi- nebelia „sazedao qcevis“ formaTa opozicia neitraluri (sa-
Ti) dapirispireba, Tanac iseTi dapirispireba, romelic enaSi arviso) qcevis formebTan:
uzusiT aris damkvidrebuli da sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli erTi mxriv: [gada]-a-wyob-s a) (is mas)
(b. foCxua). sayuradReboa, rom qali
qali da zali
zali sityvaTa regu- b) (is mas mas)
laruli dapirispireba mTis kiloebSi uSualodaa ganpirobe- meore mxriv: [a]-a-Seneb-s (is mas) da [mi]-a-Seneb-s (is mas mas)
buli metyveli koleqtivis eTnografiul-yofiTi sinamdviliT.
sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebisagan aris agreTve rogorc cnobilia, sazedao qceva (v-a-wer) pirvelad h. Su-
warmoebuli xevsurul dialeqtSi kompoziti mamklav mamklav-
klav-mam-
mam- xardtma gamoyo (1895). a. SaniZem „qarTuli zmnis saqcevSi“
kvdrobaba romelSic antonimebad gvevlinebian mamkla
kvdroba, klavi (`mkvle-
mamklavi (1926) amgvari formebi Casva qarTuli zmnis qcevaTa sistemaSi
li~) da mamkvda
kvdari (`mokluli~). am kompozitiT aRiniSneba ada-
mamkvdari (a-tex-s, a-tydeb-a; mi-a-Saveb-s, a-Savdeb-a; a-wyvet-s, a-zi-s...); es
mianTa Soris urTierTobaTa da damokidebulebaTa, qcevaTa da sistema gaziarebul iqna g. deetersisa (1930) da h. fogtis
qmedebaTa mTeli sistema, romelic tradiciul sazogadoebaSi (1936) mier.
ukavSirdeboda mesisxleobis Cveulebas. farTo gagebiT, mam- mam- magram a. SaniZem 1930 wlis „qarTuli enis gramatikaSi“ sa-
klav- kvdroba hqvia daZabul mdgomareobas, rac mkvlelobis
klav-mamkvdro
mamkvdroba zedao (da saTanao) amoricxa qcevis kategoriidan. sabolood
Sedegad sufevs or gvars Soris. ki „qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebSi“ am gramatikuli Sinaar-
am saxis enobrivi masalis meti raodenobiT moZiebam da sisaTvis Seiqmna s i t u a c i i s kategoria, anu dasaxelebu-
sistemurma analizma enisa da eTnosis tradiciul-yofiTi li formebisaTvis miviReT cneba „sazedao situacia“.
kulturis urTmierTmimarTebis araerT mniSvnelovan da sain- arn. Ciqobava qeglis pirvel tomSi („qarTuli enis zogad
tereso sakiTxs SeiZleba mohfinos naTeli. daxasiaTebaSi“) qcevis kategoriis ganxilvisas am formebsac Se-
exo:
„kuTvnilebas ar gadmogvcems, magram subieqt-obieqtis ur-
TierTobas (sivrceSi ganlagebis mxriv) axasiaTebs a- TavsarTia-

10 11
ni warmoeba: adevs is mas (mxarze), awveba is mas (gulze), axa- biTi, gardaqceviTi); na namyo Ziri
myo Zi riTa
ri Tadi
Ta sruli
di // sru li,, na
li namyo usruli
myo usru li
tavs is mas (kedelze), daatexs is mas (Tavze) da sxv. es „saze- (Sdr. uwyveteli, wyvetili); ne neit
itra
it ralu
ra luri
lu ri,, sa
ri sasu
subi
su bieq
bi eqto
eqto,, sa
to sao bi--
obi
dao“ Sinaarsi qcevisas ara xvdeba, magram imave rigisaa (termi- eqto
eq qceva
to qce va (Sdr. saarviso, saTaviso, sasxviso), rac erTian
nebi: saarviso, saTaviso, sasubieqto, saobieqto, sazedao a. sistemas qmnis sasasu
subi
su bieq
bi eqto da sa
eqto sao bieq
obi to mimReobebis gamijvni-
eqto
eq
S a n i Z i s SemoRebulia)~. sas; igive iTqmis zmnisa da misi subieqt-obieqtebis adgilas
imis miuxedavad, ra gramatikul kategoriaSi iqneba Cari- xmarebul ko koor
ordi
or dinat
di nat Ta sistemaze (Zi
natTa Ziri
riTa
ri Tadi
Ta di,, di
di didi
di,, mci
di mcire ko--
re ko
cxuli a- prefiqsiani formebi, isini, rogorc pirianobiT (pir- ordi
or dina
di nate
na tebi), zmnizedis adgilas zmni
tebi zmnisar Tis xmarebaze da sxv.
sarTis
sar
Ta mimarTebiT) gansxvavebulni saopozicio calebisagan, calke avtoriseuli gaazreba cxadyofs, rom es terminologia TviT-
gansamartav Sinaarsebad unda iqnes warmodgenili Sesabamis miznuri ki ar aris, aramed emsaxureba sistetemis mignebas faq-
sistemis
zmnur statiebSi. rac mTavaria, ganmartebiTi leqsikonis sare- tebis simravleSi.
daqcio samuSaoebis amocanaa Tanamimdevrulobis dacva (an mi- 3. sayuradReboa avtoris `piradi~ sityvawarmoeba, kerZod,
Rweva) Sesabamis zmnur formaTa savaldebulo kvalificirebisa iseTi derivaciuli formebis xmareba, romlebic Tanamedrove
da saleqsikonod warmodgenis dros. qarTulSi sxva afiqsuri saSualebebiT gamoixateba (mag., memesa
sa--
sa
moce wlebi dRes gamoyenebuli sa
moce samo ciaani wlebis adgilas,
moci
mo ci
uaryofiT mimReobaze viTarebiTis -ad niSnis adgilas -iv
afiqsis xmareba (Se
Seudareb
udarebliv; Sdr.: Se
rebliv Seu dareb
uda lad) da misT.
reblad
reb
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom avtori ufro `hkerZavs~ e.w. em-
Suqia afridoniZe fatikur -a xmovnian formebs TandebulTa darTvisas (amisaa-
Tvis, imisaagan, brunvaSiaac).
arnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnieruli
enaTmecnieruli naazrevis 4. avtoriseuli individualizmebis nimuSebs warmoadgens
enisa da stilis Sesaxeb garkveuli fonetikur-morfologiuri formebi, romelTagan
zogierTi etimologiuri interpretaciis safuZvelze aixsneba
1. arnold Ciqobavas lingvisturi naazrevi yuradRebas iq- (Se
SecTo
Se cToma
cTo ma,, Se
ma SecTe ba...); adrindel nawerebSi o xmovnis momdev-
cTeba
cTe ba
cevs ara marto azris siRrmiT, gamoxatvis sizustiTa da urye- nod fuZiseuli v Tanxmovnis uxmarebloba (po poebs
po ebs,, mo
ebs moi eba...;
poe
ipo
vi argumentaciiT, aramed uaRresad tevadi da daxvewili sti- sadao
sa dao,, uda
dao udaodod.. Sdr.: povebs, moipoveba; sadavo, udavod).
od
liTac. avtoriseul frazebSi aSkarad daCndeba gimnaziuri 5. qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebi Tanamedrove saliteratu-
laTinuris kvali: abzacebis siuxve, sentenciurad mowodebuli ro qarTulis sintaqsur sistemas msWvalavs. sakiTxi exeba Tan-
wanamZRvrebi da daskvnebi (klasikuri nimuSi _ Tundac `enaT- xmovanze fuZegaTavebul msazRvrelTa gaformebas Sua brunveb-
mecnierebis Sesavali~). Si adre da mogvianebiT: Tu adreul nawerebSi avtori naTesa-
2. Tavis zog monografiaSi avtorma qarTuli sintaqsis obiT-moqmedebiTSi dasmul msazRvrelebs, XIX s-Si gavrcelebu-
kardinaluri sakiTxebi sruliad originalurad gadaWra, ris- li wesisamebr, fuZis saxiT iyenebda, micemiT-viTarebiTSi ki,
Tvisac mas mouxda arsebuli gramatikuli terminebis gadasin- piriqiT _ micemiTis -s niSnis darTviT (Zvels s qarTulSi, pir-
jva da gansxvavebuli lingvis
lingvistu
gvisturi
turi termi
terminenebis danergva, maT
minebis velss jgufSi...), droTa ganmavlobaSi avtorma msgavsi sityvaT-
Soris: mi
mimar
marTu
marTule
Tu lebi
lebiTi
bi va (Sdr. manamde arsebuli viTare-
brunva
Ti brun Sexamebebi amJamad moqmedi normis wesis mixedviT gamarTa.

12 13
 6. sagangebod unda iTqvas Txzuli sityvebis gaformebis moxsenebaSi moxmobili axali statistikuri monacemebis mi-
Taobazec, rac ZiriTadad exeba kavSir-nawilakebisgan Sedgenil xedviT gaanalizebulia SefasebiTi komponentis mniSvneloba mi-
Sexamebebs. avtoris adrindel nawerebSi or sityvad iwereba: noritaruli enebis sicocxlisunarianobis sakiTxSi. gamokveTi-
Tu,, arc Tu da msgavsi struqturis sxva kavSir-na-
ki;; ara Tu
Tu ki lia Seusabamoba erovnul enaTa funqcionirebis iuridiul da
wilakebi, romlebic Semdgom SeerTda. realur arealTa Soris.
7. arn. Ciqobavas punqtuaciuri arsenalidan didi gamomsax- moxsenebaSi mocemulia erovnul enaTa sicocxlisunariano-
velobiT gamoirCeva ti re da or
tire orwer
werti
wer li, riTac avtori xSi-
tili
ti bis winaSe arsebuli safrTxeebis doneTa gansazRvris mcdelo-
rad ufro lakoniurad da, amasTanave, erTgvari aqcentirebiT ba. TaobaTaSoris enis gadacemis uwyvetobis sakiTxi ganxilu-
aRwevs efeqts kavSiriani qvewyobili winadadebis asindeturiT lia statikuri monacemebis safuZvelze. gamokveTilia aSkara
Senacvlebisas. es ufro iTqmis mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebu- safrTxis qveS myofi enebi.
lis Semcveli qvewyobili winadadebis gadmosacemad. Crdilokavkasiur enaTa sicocxlisunarianoba da safrTxee-
bi ganisazRvreba kriteriumebiT, romelTa statistikuri mona-
cemebis mixedviT cal-calke gansazRvra ar aris sakmarisi enis
mdgomareobis Sesafaseblad. mxolod yvela kriteriumis erTad
SejerebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba enaTa sicocxlisunarianobisa da
cira baramiZe
enis funqcionirebis arealis gansazRvra.
moxsenebaSi naCvenebia am enaTa sicocxlisunarianobis Se-
CrdiloeT
CrdiloeT kavkasii
kavkasiiss enobri
enobrivi
vi
narCunebisaTvis Casatarebeli RonisZiebebi da gamokveTilia Se-
situaciis SefasebiTi momenti
fasebiTi momentis gadamwyveti roli.
moxsenebaSi ganxilulia CrdiloeT kavkasiis enobrivi situ-
aciis istoriuli da Tanamedrove aspeqtebi. gamokveTilia kavka-
siis enobrivi mravalferovnebis SenarCunebis problemebi, dac-
vis saWiroeba. mocemulia mcdeloba, ganisazRvros am enaTa si- nino benduqiZe
cocxlisunarianoba da safrTxis doneebi dRes arsebuli rea-
luri enobrivi situaciis mixedviT. gamokveTilia CrdiloeT sintaqsuri SekavSirebis saxeebi qarTuli,
qarTuli, afxazuri
kavkasiaSi enobrivi politikis ZiriTadi Strixebi (rac ruseTis da adiG
adiGeuri enebis atributul sintagmaSi
federaciis erTiani enobrivi politikis nawilad warmogvidgeba).
qarTulSi msazRvrel-sazRvrulis sintaqsuri urTierToba,
am politikis mixedviT, 80-iani wlebidan regionSi mSobliur
sadac kargad ganviTarebuli bruneba gvaqvs, aRiniSneba:
enebze swavleba Sewyda. axali enobrivi politikiT ruseTis fe-
1) SeTanxmebiT brunvasa da ricxvSi. (maRali xe, maRalma
deraciaSi rusulis, rogorc saxelmwifo enis, uflebebi ga-
xem, maRals xes... xeni maRalni, xeTa maRalTa...);
myarda. Camoyalibda calmxrivi bilingvizmi. nacionaluri ene-
2) marTviT (xis saxli, sityvis Zala...);
bis bedi respublikebis gadasawyveti gaxda. swored amitom, mi-
3) marTva-SeTanxmebiTa (saxli xisa, saxlma xisam...) da
gvaCnia, rom destimaciurma (SefasebiTma) komponentma enobrivi
4) mirTviT (win-wyaro...).
situaciis regulirebaSi gadamwyveti roli unda Seasrulos.

14 15
 afxazurSi msazRvrel-sazRvruls Soris urTierToba ukavSirdeba rogorc erTi sintaqsuri erTeuli. mag.: bˆraƒ
sastikad aris gamoxatuli: brunebis uqonlobis gamo aq gvaqvs fˆJ `wiTeli droSa~ (zedmiw. `droSa wiTeli~) bˆraƒ
oden SeTanxmeba klassa da ricxvSi da mirTva. fˆJˆr mbbaT `wiTeli droSa frialebs~.
SeTanxmeba klassa da pirSi: …-ara …-yˆ `Seni (mamak.) wig- ricxvisa da brunvis afiqsebi amgvar atributul sintagma-
ni~, b-ara bˆ-yˆ `Seni (qal.) wigni~. Si mierTvis mxolod bolos mdgar sityvas imis miuxedavad, msa-
a ahaba-
ricxvsa da klasSi: laS- a `misi (dedak.) debi zRvrelia is Tu sazRvruli:
ufrosebi.~ WalÀaR naˆ-r _ wˆˆm iRaTx, ˆRo hawˆˆ _ wˆˆm
viTarebiTi zedsarTavi saxeli postpoziciurad mierTvis ibJˆx. `naTeli axalgazrdoba _ adamianis gazafulia, WaRara
arsebiT saxels: sibere _ Semodgomaa adamianisa.~
a…a‚ˆ halal `kaci keTili~ sxvadasxva gramatikul kategoriaTa aRmniSvneli prefiqsebi
aTaa rcha `dedaberi sacodavi~. aformeben ara calke msazRvrels an calke sazRvruls, aramed
SesityvebaSi gramatikuli kavSiris Sesusteba kompensirebu- orives erTad:
lia sityvaTa rigis rolis erTgvari gaZlierebiT. kerZod, mar- …i-Txˆ daR…ˆ-xÀa-r `Seni wignebi kargi~.
Tvis uqonloba aiZulebs afxazuri enis msazRvrelsa da sa- adiReurSi sazRvrul-msazRvreli imdenad erT mTliano-
zRvruls kontaqturad dalagdnen winadadebaSi. amitomaa, rom bad, erT sityvad aRiqmeba, rom am erTi mTlianobis komponent-
afxazurSi ar gvxvdeba distanciuri (gaTiSuli) msazRvrelebi. Ta Soris raime sintaqsuri urTierToba ara gvaqvs.
qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, afxazursa da adiReurSi atri-
butuli sintagma amJRavnebs erT afxazur-adiRuri enaTa jgu-
fisaTvis specifikur Taviseburebas: esaa sazRvrul-msazRvre-
lis tendencia, iswrafon erT sityvad gaazrebisaken. magram
afxazurSi es tendencia iseTi mkveTri ar aris, rogorc adi- Tea buryulaZe
ReurSi. afxazurSi ufro SenarCunda sityvaTa Soris sintaq-
suri urTierTobis saxeebi: SeTanxmeba da mirTva, xolo adiRe- rTuli TanwKobili
TanwKobili winadadebis struqtura Zvel
urSi, rogorc Cans, afxazuriseburi viTareba ukve ganvlili
qarTulSi (zogadi mimoxilva)
mimoxilva)
safexuria da amJamad ena ganviTarebis im etapze gadavida, ro-
1. rTuli winadadeba enaSi istoriulad gacilebiT gvian
desac sazRvrul-msazRvreli imdenad Seerwya erTmaneTs, rom
Camoyalibda, vidre martivi winadadeba. igi enis sintaqsuri
erT erTeulad moiazreba.
wyobis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da srulyofis mauwyebelia. sa-
atributuli sintagma, msazRvrel-sazRvruli adiReurSi
zogadod damkvidrebulia mosazreba, rom Tanwyoba ufro ad-
warmoadgens erT mTlianobas, romlis calkeuli nawilebi da-
rindelia da winadadebaTa erTmaneTTan gadabma-dakavSirebis
moukideblad ar icvleba.
ufro primitiuli saSualebaa, vidre qvewyoba (a. peSkovski).
sityvaTSexameba sazRvruli + msazRvreli formdeba erT
Zvel qarTul enaSi imTaviTve martivi wyobis winadadebis
sityvad. mag.: …c Sxoant daxÀa-r zedmiw. `balaxi mwvane lama- gverdiT aseve farTodaa gavrcelebuli rTuli Tanwyobili wi-
zi~. winadadebis sxva wevrebs amgvari atributuli sintagma nadadebebic.

16 17
 2. parataqsuli wyobis winadadebebis azrobrivi mimarTeba rusudan gersamia
Zvel qarTulSive sxvadasxvagvaria. mas SeuZlia gamoxatos: a)
movlenaTa erTdrouloba: `da ufrosni dReni venaƒTa Sroma- saxelTa mravlobiTSi CarTuli l sonoris funqciis
sa Sina dayvian da yoladve mama maT Tanave iyvis~ (wm. iov. sakiTxisaTvis megrulsa da lazurSi
da eqvT. cx.); `xolo yovelni igi erTobiT ƒmobdes saxelTa
maTsa da arara sargebeli eyo mas~ (wm. ninos cx.); b) movlena- specialur literaturaSi mravalobiTi ricxvis alomor-
Ta Tanamimdevrobas: `wminda mamaman aziarna igini wmidaTa sai- febi saxelobiTi brunvisaTvis megrulsa da lazurSi Semdegna-
dumloTa da esreT miicvalnes winaSe RmrTisa~; amieriTgan aqa iradaa warmodgenili:
meloden sityua ese da Tqven awca ismineT~. (wm. ninos cx.) g) megruli: -ef /-lef
lef
movlenaTa dapirispireb: `mamaman Senman wmidani Semoixuna sa- lazuri: -fe
fe /-efe
efe /-le
lefe /-ele
lefe elefe
elefe
xid TÂsa, xolo Sen devni Semoixuen~ (SuSan. cx.); `ara Tquen maTi distribucia poziciuradaa Sepirobebuli: lazurSi
gamomirCieT me, aramed me gamogirCien Tquen~ (bibl.). -fe
fe dasturdeba imgvari fuZeebis Semdeg, romelTac auslaut-
3. unda aGiniSnos, rom gvxvdeba iseTi wyobis parataqsuli Si a e o u xmovnebi moudiT; -efe
efe - i xmovnis Semdgom (amgva-
winadadebebic, romlebic ar Sedgeba erTimeoris mimarT Tanas- ri fuZeebi warmoSobiT boloTanxmovniania), a xmovniT dabo-
wori winadadebebisagan: `ars qalaqsa amas Sina samoseli ufli- loebul ramdenime fuZes ki mravlobiTis sawarmoeblad -lefelefe
sa Cuenisa iesu qristÀsi da miT iqmnebian saswaulni ese da daerTvis (g. kartozia); amasTan lazurSi -fe
fe / -efe
efe / -le
lefe
lefe
kurnebani~ (wm. ninos cx.); `mokuda balak da mefobda mis wil alomorfTa ganawilebis principi marcvalTa raodenobas emya-
iobab~ (bibl.). dasaxelebuli tipis winadadebebSi pirveli reba (g. kartozia).
komponenti winadadebis gareSe ver gaiazreba momdevno winada- megrulSi ugamonaklisod yvela TanxmovanfuZians daerTvis
debis Sinaarsi. -ef
ef xmovanfuZianebTan ki saxelTa mxolod mkacrad gansa-
ef,
4. Zvel qarTulSive samwerlobo ZeglebSi dadasturebul zRvrul raodenobaSi (megrulSi amgvar magaliTTa raodenoba
rTul Tanwyobil winadadebebSi gvxvdeba iseTi wyobac, rome- Seivso i. yifSiZis Semdgom da axali monacemebiT sul 28-s aR-
lSic Sedis ara ori damoukidebuli winadadebeba, aramed _ wevs) Cndeba -lef mimdevroba. konkretuli fonologiuri po-
meti: `da mas Jamsa iqmna gandgomileba skliarosisa da ƒmeliT ziciis dadgena ver xerxdeba. udavoa intervokaluri pozicia,
kerZo yoveli daipyrna da mefeni da dedofali Sewyudeulad sadac stabilurad gansazRvrulia mxolod momdevo xmovani e
iyvnes qalaqsa Sina didiTa WiriTa da iwroebiTa~ (wm. iov. da (--ef morfemis Semadgeneli). rac Seexeba l-s prepozicias, igi
efTv. cx.); `mun Jamadmde Zniad ubnobn qarTulad da friad dasturdeba a, e, u vokalTa Semdgom: #a-l-ef, ef #e-l-ef,
ef #u-
mwuxare viyav amis pirisaT‚s, xolo mieriTgan dauyeneblad l-ef da, lazurisagan gansxvavebiT, megrulSi arcerTi magali-
aRmodin uwmides yovelTa qarTvelTasa~ (wm. gr. xanZT. cx.). Ti araa i da o xmovnebze damTavrebul fuZeebze l-s darTvi-
sa. miuxedavad amgvari analizisa, l-s fonologiuri pozicie-
bis dadgena raime kanonzomierebis saxiT mainc ver xerxdeba,
radgan zogi fuZe meryevia da midrekilia mravlobiTis fuZeTa
paraleluri warmoebisken (Sdr. Cxou u-ll-eef-i || Cxou
u-e
ef-i `Zro-
xebi~, Tu
u-l-eef-i || Tu
u-e
ef-i `goWebi~), an kidev imave poziciaSi

18 19
l- saerTod arasavaldebuloa (katu u-eef-i `katebi~, Jvabu
u-e ef-i 1. -lef
lef (|| -lefe mravlobiTis mawarmoebel alomorfad
lefe
lefe)
`bayayebi~, kancxuu-e
ef-i `dugmebi~, kird[e e]-e
ef-i `kldeebi~, mo- wodebuli mimdevroba daSladia -l l+-ef
ef elementebad, es
jgir[ee]-e
ef-i `naTesavebi~, mabir[e
e]-e
ef-i `momRerlebi~ da yvela aris -S+-CV tipis mimdevroba, romelSic mravlobiTo-
amgvarad warmoqmnili saxeli). bis funqcia mxolod -efef (||-efe
efe morfemas akisria. l-
efe)
Tu megrulSi l-sonorCarTul
l magaliTTa raodenoba Semo- sonori sinqroniul doneze brunebis mTel paradigmaSi
farglulia, lazurSi misi are mniSvnelovnad gafarToebulia. unda gamoiyos da mas sxva kvalifikacia unda mieces.
lazurisa da megrulis monacemTa diaqroniuli analiziT 2. marTebuli iqneboda l-s ganxilva iseT fonetikur Ca-
l sonori ramdenime magaliTSi TviT mxolobiTi ricxvis fuZe- narTad, infiqsur elementad, romelic araregularu-
Sive aRdgeba etimologiurad (*xel xel-, *jal
xel- jal *(mm)Wi
jal-, Tal-, *(mm)Wi
WiTa
WiTal Wi-
Wi- lad vlindeba warmoqmnil saxelebSi, maT Soris mrav-
fel *gi
fel-, gi/unZel *Ti
gi unZel
unZel-, uTxul *Ci
Ti/uTxul
Ti uTxul-, Ci/uC
Ci uCqul
uCqul-),
qul xolo fuZeTa um- lobiTis fuZeebSi.
ravlesobaSi igi sxva faqtoriT Cans Sepirobebuli, rac svams
sakiTxs, SeiZleba Tu ara l sonoris ganxilva mravlobiTis ma-
warmoebel elementad danarCen -ef ef Tu -efe efe mimdevrobebTan
erTad? Tu ara, maSin rogori unda iyos misi kvalifikacia. an-
gariSgasawevia debuleba, romlis mixedviTac, is diaqroniul lela giglemiani
doneze xmovnebs Soris hiatusis dasaZlevad gaCnda (gamyreliZe,
maWavariani); Tumca sinqroniul doneze am debulebis morgeba SorisdebulTa erTi Jgufis analizisaTvis svanurSi
sxva fuZeebisTvis SeuZlebelia, vinaidan, rogorc zemoTac vaC-
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ, ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ, ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÛÏÒÉÓÃÄ-
veneT, arsebobs paraleluri warmoebebi, sadac mezoblad swo-
ÁÖËÈÀ ÓÀÌÉ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ãÂÖ×É ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À: Â Ò Þ Í Ï Á É Ó, Ì Ï Ö Á Ò
red ragvarobiT gansxvavebuli xmovnebi uproblemod Tanaarse-
É Ó Í Ä Á À-Ó Ö Ò Å É Ë É Ó À ÃÀ × É Ý É Ë - ÀË Ä Ò Ó É Ó ÂÀÌÏ-
bobs. sxva TvalsazrisiT, adieqtivebSi gaCenil l sonors aqvs ÌáÀÔÅÄËÉ.
`masubstantivebeli funqcia~ (l. ezugbaia). sakiTxi damatebiT ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÀÌ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÀ, ÆÄÌÏÃÀÓÀáÄËÄ-
analizs saWiroebs. ÁÖËÉ ÓÀÌÉ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ãÂÖ×ÉÃÀÍ ÚÅÄËÀÆÄ ÃÉà ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÍÄÁÀÓ ÀÌÀ
sagulisxmoa, rom l sonori Tavs iCens xmovniT dawyebul ÈÖ ÉÌ ÂÒÞÍÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌáÀÔÅÄËÉ ÛÏÒÉÓÃÄÁÖËÄÁÉ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÄÍ. ÀØ
saderivacio afiqsTa winac da daCndeba mxolod im fuZeebTan, ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏÓ ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ØÅÄãÂÖ×É, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÀÅÄÍ:
romlebic mravlobiTis warmoebis dros fuZesa da -ef ef morfe- À) ÓÉáÀÒÖËÓÀ ÃÀ ÀÙÔÀÝÄÁÀÓ: Àä|Àá, Éä|Öä|éä!, æÀÎ|æðÎ!,
mas Soris l-s CairTaven, anu am SemTxvevaSic l-s l fonologiu- èÀä|èÏä!, äÀ ÌðÃÉË, À! ËéÊÜÄÓ `ÒÀ ÊÀÒÂÉÀ!"...
ri pozicia intervokaluria. megruli: qa `rqa~ _ qa- qa-l-am-
am-i Á) ÍÀÔÅÒÀÓ: ÍðÔÉÀË|ÍðÔËÀæ|ÍÀÔÎÀË|ÍÀÔÎÄË! Ää! Ïä! Äá! Ïá!
`rqebiani~, Tu `goWi~ _ Tu- am-i `goWebiani~, dida
Tu-l-am- dida `deda~ äðÎ-äðÎ ÓÖÒÄÎ!.. `ÍÄÔÀÅÉ!"
Â) ÌÏßÏÍÄÁÀÓ: áÉÀÃîË! `ÚÏÜÀÙ, ÁÀÒÀØÀËÀ!"
_ dida
dida- ob-a `dedoba~... analogiuri warmoeba gvaqvs lazur-
da-l-ob-
Â) ÌßÖáÀÒÄÁÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀÒÃÓ: ÀÁÀÁóÎ|ÀÁÀÁÀÎÀ|ÀÁÀÁÀÎ|ÀÁÀÁðÎ|ÀÐÀÐðÎ!
Sic. aRniSnuli sakiTxic aseve warmoSobs l-s saxelTa mravlo-
`ÅÀÉ, ÅÀÉÌÄ, ÀÅÀÉÌÄ!~ æðÎ ÃÉÀ! `ÅÀÉ ÃÄÃÀ!~ À, æðÎ-æðÎÓ, À!..
biTis mawarmoebel morfemul mimdevrobaSi ganxilvis eWvs.
Ã) ÃÀÍÀÍÄÁÀ-ÓÉÁÒÀËÖËÓ: ÀÖä, ËÄÛÚÄÃ-ËÄÊæÀÍÄ! _ ÃÀÓÀÍÀÍÉ!
Cveni daskvniT: Àä, ÂÀÃÀÓÀÅÀÒÃÍ-ÂÀÃÀÓÀÃÂÃÄÁÉ, æÖÎ, ÛÀæ ÌÉ, À! `ÅÀÉ, ÓÀßÚÀËÉ~, ÌÉ ÓÀ-
ÁÒÀË `ÅÀÉÌÄ, ÌÄ ÓÀÁÒÀËÏ..."

20 21
 Ä) ÆÉÆÙÓ: È×Ö! `×Ö!~ ×Ö|×Öä! `×Ö|×Öä!~ saSualo sparsuli werilobiTi Zeglebis axali kritikuli
Å) ÍÉÛÍÉÓ ÌÏÂÄÁÀÓ: ÀÌÑÉ, À! `ÀÓÄ, ÀÉ!~ Ùéãé-Ùéãé! _ ÓÀÜÅÄÍÄÁÄËÉ gamocemebi realur safuZvels qmnis misi gramatikuli realie-
ÈÉÈÉÓ ÜÅÄÍÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏãÀÅÒÄÁÀ... ÃÀ ÓáÅÀ... bis evoluciuri procesebis axleburi gaazrebisa da Sesabami-
ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÝÀË-ÝÀËÊÄ ÂÅÄØÍÄÁÀ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ sad, misi istoriuli ganviTarebis axleburi interpretaciis-
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÃÀÍ ÛÄÌÏÓÖËÉ ÀÌÀ ÈÖ ÉÌ ÂÒÞÍÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏ- Tvis.
ÌáÀÔÅÄËÉ ÛÏÒÉÓÃÄÁÖËÄÁÉ. ÝáÀÃÉÀ, ÌÓãÄËÏÁÀ ÂÅÄØÍÄÁÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÏ-ØÀÒ- analitizmi, saSualo sparsulis gramatikuli struqturis
ÈÅÄËÖÒ ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄÝ. erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebelia. Zveli iranuli dro-aspeqtu-
ri sistemis kompleqsuri morfologiuri tipi, romelic Se-
dgeboda zmnur fuZeTa da saTanadod fleqsiur formaTa tri-
qotomiisagan (prezensi-aoristi-perfeqti), Secvlili iyo awmyo
elene giunaSvili da namyo drois zmnur fuZe da pirian formaTa binaruli pa-
radigmatuli opoziciiT, romlebSic awmyos formebi fleqsiu-
ria, xolo namyosi–analitikuri. perifrastuli zmnuri forme-
rTuli zmnebis
zmnebis kvlevisaTvis epigrafikulsa da
maniqeur saSualo sparsulSi bis sayovelTao integrireba SeiZleba ganixilebodes saSualo
sparsulis (da zogadad, dasavluri saSualo iranuli enebis)
saSualo sparsuli, romelic parTulTan erTad ganekuT- inovaciad.
vneba saSualo iranul enaTa jgufis dasavlur Stos, gansakuT- saSualo sparsuli zmnis aRweriTi gramatikuli formebi-
rebuli intensivobiT Seiswavleba ukanskneli aTwleulebis dan calke kategoriad gamoyofilia `rTuli zmnebi~ (В. С.
manZilze. misi evoluciis sakiTxebs mieZRvna vrceli samecniero Расторгуева, 1966; W. Sundermann), romlebic Sedgeba ori kompo-
literatura (am SromaTa bibliografia ix. v. zundermanis nentisgan : arsebiTi, zedsarTavi an nazmnari saxelisa da damo-
gramatikul narkvevSi _ W. Sundermann, Mittelpersisch, Compendium ukidebeli (umTavresad gardamavali tipis) zmnebisagan, rogo-
Linguarum Iranicarum, 1989, Wiesbaden, pp.138-164). magram, aRsaniSna- ricaa kardan- `keTeba~, dādan `micema, boZeba~, burdan `motana~
via, rom am enis gramatikuli struqturisa da morfo-sitaqsis da sxv.
bevri mniSvnelovani sakiTxi jer kidev ar aris saTanadod gamo- ukve adre saSualo sparsul werilobiT ZeglebSi _ mani-
kvleuli. qeur teqstebSi (III s. Cv. w.), adre sasanur warwerebsa (III s. Cv.
yvelaze ufro metad es exeba zmnis kategorias. adresaSua- w.) da siriuli fsalmunis saSualo sparsul TargmanSi (IV s.
lo sparsulSi da SedarebiT gviandel teqstebSi dadasture- Cv.w.) vlindeba rTuli zmnebis TvalsaCino modelebi, romle-
buli zmnuri formebi umTavresad ganixileboda istoriul- bic konteqstebis Sesabamisad an gramatikul formas gadmo-
etimologiur aspeqtSi, anu ZiriTadi yuradReba eTmoboda scems (magaliTad, āfrīn kardan `xotbis Sesxma~, romelSic āfrīn
prezensis (awmyo drois) fuZeTa analizs da maT mimarTebebs aris pirdapiri damateba), an zmnuri frazeologizmebis Sesaba-
Zvel iranul prezensis klasebTan. misia.
drois, aspeqtis, valentobisa da kilos gramatikuli ka- moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia rTuli zmnebis semantikuri da
tegoriebi, rogorc wesi, ganixileboda mokled da zogadad. distribuciuli analizi III-IV saukuneebis saSualo sparsulSi.

22 23
giorgi gogolaSvili Tive Sinaarsobrivi sxvaobaa Sesabamis zmniswinian saxelzmnebs
Soris:
lingvisturi SeniSvnebi daarRvevs
da SemoarRvevs
Semo
2. zmniswinTa funqciebis Taobaze darRveva
da SemorRveva
Semo
damrRvevi
da SemomrRvevi
Semo
axl qarTulSi zmniswinebisaTvis gamoyofen ramdenime fun- darRveuli
da SemorRveuli
Semo
qcias: dasarRvevi
da SemosarRvevi
Semo
1. zmniswini aRniSnavs mimarTulebas, ase rom, ra mniSvnelobasac aZlevs zmniswini pirian for-
2. awarmoebs srul aspeqts; mas, igive mniSvneloba aqvs mas upiro formebSi...
3. awarmoebs momaval dros (awmyosagan) da da kidev arsebiTi: roca saubroben piris mateba-klebaze,
4. ucvlis zmnas mniSvnelobas. amgvarad dapirispirebul formebze msjelobisas, cxadia, yvela
es ZiriTadi funqciebia. saubroben sxva funqciebzec: sampiriani forma moyvanilia `myofadis mwkrivSi~ anda wyve-
mkvlevarTa erTi nawilis azriT, zmniswi
zmniswinis
winis funqcia
funqcia aris tilSi zmniswiniTurT da sampirianoba zmniswins `braldeba~ :
mwkrivTa
mwkrivTa warmoe bac; igulisxmeba wers _ da-wers
warmoebac; da tipis for- is mas mas Semoax
Semoaxvevs
axvevs,
vevs Semoar
SemoarRvevs
arRvevs...
Rvevs man mas is Semoax
Semoaxvia
axvia,
via
mobrivi dapirispireba (z. WumburiZe, l. kvaWaZe, a. kiziria); Semoar
SemoarRvia
Rvia...
arRvia magram igive zmnebi sami piris gagebiT uzmniswi-
zmniswinis funqciad miiCneven agreTve `zmnis zmnis piri
piria
rianobis
nobis nodac SeiZleba Segvxvdes garkveul konteqstSi: baRs Robes
cvlas~ (T. maxarobliZe); igulisxmeba am tipis dapirispire-
cvlas~ arRvevs da male Semoar
arRvevs Rvevs ukve axvevs
SemoarRvevs
arRvevs; axvevs da male Semoax
Semoaxvevs
axvevs;
vevs
bani: arRvia
arRvia, arRvia da Zlivs Semoar
Rvia, arRvia SemoarRvia
arRvia;
Rvia axvia
axvia, axvia da Zlivs
via, axvia
daarRvia
da man is _ SemoarRvia
Semo man mas is, Semoax via... faqtia, msgavs magaliTebSi (zmniswinian da uzmnis-
Semoaxvia
axvia...
davaxvie
da me is _ Semovaxvie
Semo me mas is da misTanani. wino formaTa dapirispirebaSi) zmnis pirTa raodenoba iden-
am or ukanasknel funqcias ZiriTadi funqciebis tolfa- turia, icvleba dro da aspeqti; swored esaa dakavSirebuli
sad Tvlian; swored es migvaCnia sadavod: zmniswinTan da ara pirTa raodenoba.
zmnur formaTa analizs mivyavarT im daskvnamde, rom roca vsaubrobT zmniswinTa ZiriTad funqciebze, erTi ra-
mwkrivis Teoriis Tanmimdevruli gatareba pirvel seriaSi mec unda gaviTvaliswinoT: Tu awmyos formas romelime zmnis-
axal qarTulSi myofadis wris gamoyofis saSualebas ar mo- winis darTva momavlis gagebas (an usrulaspeqtian formas
gvcems (g. gogolaSvili, `qarTuli zmna~, 2011); Sesabamisad ar sruli aspeqtis mniSvnelobas) mianiWebs, am funqcias itvirTavs
dadgeba sakiTxi zmniswinis mwkrivis mawarmoeblad gaazrebisa... nebismieri zmniswini, romelsac es zmna iguebs; mxolod aseTi
rac Seexeba pirTa matebasa Tu klebas, es ar aris zmniswi- funqciebi unda miviCnioT zmniswinis ZiriTad funqciad; xolo
nis funqcia; es SemTxvevebi unda gaigivdes zmniswinis meoTxe iseTi funqciebi, rogoricaa uneburobis gamoxatva, sicotave-
funqciasTan _ zmnis mniSvnelobis cvlasTan: zmniswini aniWebs simciris aRniSvna Tu TiToobis miniSneba, calkeul zmniswinTa
zmnas im semantikas, ra semantikiTac erT SemTxvevaSi orpiriani fakultatiuri funqciaa, Tanmdevi ZiriTadi funqciebisa. es
forma iwarmoeba, sxva SemTxvevaSi sxva zmniswiniani variantisa- mniSvnelobani zmniswinTa, iseve rogorc meoTxe funqcia, seman-
gan _ sampiriani. ra Sinaarsobrivi gansxvavebac aris sxvadasxva tikis sferoa da ara morfologiisa (mwkrivTa warmoeba Tu
zmniswiniT nawarmoeb orpirian da sampirian zmnebs Soris, ise- pirTa raodenobis cvla ki morfologiis sagania!).

24 25
Tamila gogolaZe liTebi k. gamsaxurdias mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi, kerZod romanSi
`daviT aRmaSenebeli~. es sityvaa `uqoneli~. avtorma jer kidev
rogor muSaobda k.
k. gamsaxurdia qarTul sitK
sitKvaze Teoriul werilSi `saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis~, moiZia misi
Sesatyvisi megrulSi: `ganvaaxle sityva `mkodovani~ (rusuli `ne-
XX saukunis dasawyisidanve qarTveli mwerlebi ukve aSkarad imuSCi~). am sityvaze Cemi yuradReba miaqcia a. Ciqobavam. `daviT
gamokveTen sakuTar rols da funqcias saliteraturo enis gan- aRmaSenebelSi~ vixmare pirvelad~. sityva `uqonelis~ uamravi si-
viTarebis saqmeSi. amas xeli Seuwyo 1929 wels, saqarTvelos nonimi aqvs gamoyenebul k. gamsaxurdias Tavis romanSi: upovari,
mweralTa yrilobis iniciativiT, saxelmwifo universitetTan Raribi, aras mqone da sxva, magram romanis ocdameTeqvsmete Tava-
SeTanxmebiT qarTuli marTlweris SemmuSavebeli konferenciis mde aRniSnuli sityvebi gamoiyeneba mxolod aRniSnul TavSi av-
mowyobis ideam. `konferenciis saxelmZRvanelo ideebSi~ gansa- tori cdilobs, gamokveTos ra mefis stumroba quTaisisaken mima-
kuTrebuli yuradReba mweralma k. gamsaxurdiam gaamaxvila po- val gzaze, soflis mcxovrebTa damokidebuleba pirvelad iyenebs
lemikaze `qarTuli enis amer-imeruli bunebis~ Sesaxeb: `iliam megrulSi moZiebul sityvas `mkodovani~ da Tavsac ase daasaTau-
qarTul enas SesZina qarTluri bunebis sidarbaisle, xolo aka- rebs: `mkodovanTa da glaxakTa mefe~. mcxovrebTa ukiduresi ga-
kim imerulis silbo. XX saukunis mwerlobam unda mogvces ilias Wirveba mxatvruladaa gansaxovnebuli teqstis erT abzacSic:
qarTluris, akakis imerulis, vaJas fSavuris, megrulisa da gu- `gulnatkeni gadascqeroda daviT alizis lafSi amoTxvril, Ciy-
ruli enobrivi elementebis sruli sinTezi. ai es iqneba idea- vian diacebs, dagvalul leRvsaviT damzral ZuZuebze mokidebul
luri literaturuli qarTulio~ _ werda k. gamsaxurdia. balRebs, dabebkil TeqebSi gamoxveul berikacebs, wvergabur-
amitom mwerali Teoriul werilebTan erTad, cdilobs mo- Zgvnilni, RawvebCacvenilni pirvel mociqulebs miagavdnen isini...~
iZios da daamkvidros sakuTar SemoqmedebaSi misi azriT, auci- da aqve pirvelad, Zalian Sesatyvisad, stilisturad saWirod
lebeli leqsika: `me iZulebuli gavxdi sakmaod Warbad SemomeS- Semoitans sityvas `mkodovani~: `miwisZvrebisagan~ darRveul mo-
va literaturul qarTulSi Cemamde uxmari sityvieri dovla- nastrebidan cviliviT SeyviTlebulni gamorbodnen berni, TemSa-
Ti. ra Tqma unda, mometebulad am SemTxvevaSi, roca litera- raze ecemodnen pirqve, fsalmunebs RiRinebdnen sxvani, mkodovani,
turul enaSi maTi badali ar damxvedriao~ (k. gamsaxurdia). mwirni da glaxakni udarajebdnen xidis yurSi gzadagza~.
WeSmariti xalxurobisaTvis mwerali swavlobda qarTul ze- daviT aRmaSenebeli grZnobs Tavis daniSnulebas, amitom
pirsityvierebas (zRapari) da istoriul qronikebs, Zveli qarTu- aTqmevinebs avtori mefes: `kurTxeul iyvnen saZirkvelni ima sa-
li dialeqturis baziss emateboda mwerlis sakuTari kompozicie- xlisa, romelnic Sens samyoflos qvedahagebian, kurTxeul iyos
bic. Tavis Teoriul werilebSi k. gamsaxurdia ar kmayofildeba samzerni cixisa, saidanac mzera Seni Semomegebeba, sulo~ ama-
zerele msjelobiT. igi cdilobs praqtikuli magaliTebiT aCve- sac igi ambobda, `mkodovanTa da glaxakTa mefe~.
nos, ra ar iyo mSobliur enaSi da ra Semoitana, saidan Semoita- mwerlis mier aRniSnuli sityvis Semotana romanSi da-
na da daamkvidra. magaliTisaTvis mas mohyavs rusuli `kantis~ Se- tvirTvis TvalsazrisiTac sainteresoa da, albaT, im mizan-
satyvisi gurulidan nasesxebi `Zgide~, `kletCatis~ Sesatyvisad swrafvis gamomxatveli, Tu rogor unda amdidrebdes Semoqme-
raWulidan `kubokruli~ da sxva: `raWulidan SemoviRe `Srame- di saliteraturo enas. amitom JRers ase WeSmaritad, Rrmad
li~, qarTluridan `Sinabera~ _ wers mwerali. CvenTvis saintere- moqalaqeobrivad k. gamsaxurdias sityvebi: `me kidev vimeoreb:
so aRmoCnda erTi sityvis sxvadasxva sinonimebis gamoyenebis maga- yovel sityvas CemTvis oqros wona aqvs da me maT ise vuf-

26 27
rTxildebi, rogorc gonieri mTavarsardali Tavis jariskacs.
Tu Cven marTlac gonieri mTavarsardlebi viqnebiT, sityvebi b Q2
Cveni marjve spani gaxdebian~. + {ab, bb, bc} +b -b
_ {ac, cc} ab ac
bb cc
bc

tariel gurgeniZe
Q2
c +c -c
mravalwevraelementebiani simravlis daxasiaTeba + {ac, bc, cc} ac ab
gansxvavebuli tipis semantikuri diferencialuri _ {ab, bb} bc bb
niSnebiT
niSnebiT cc
SeiZleba sxvagvaradac davaxasiaToT Q2 simravlis elementebi,
jer ganvixiloT erTwevraelementebiani Q1= {a, b, c} simrav-
anu, amosaval simboloTa orwevra kombinaciebi: erTgva
erTgvaro
Tgvarova
rovani
vani
le, romlis elementebia amosavali simboloebi a `me~, b `Sen~,
∼ araerTgvarovani (resp. Sereuli).
Sereuli kombinacias, romelSic
c `is~. amosavali simboloebi (resp. martivi elementebi) a, b da
gaerTianebulia mxolod erTi romelime konkretuli piris
c, romlebic aRniSnaven Sesabamisad I, II, III pirs mxolobiT ric-
saxelebi, vuwodoT erTgvarovani:
erTgvarovani [+x]= {bb, cc}.. amis sapirispi-
xvSi, erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian ∧ `da~ operatoriT. vinaidan
rod, kombinacias, romelSic sxvadasxva piris saxelebia gaer-
`normalur~ sametyvelo aqtSi erTze meti molaparake piris
Tianebuli, vuwodoT araerTgvarovani (resp. Sereuli):
Sereuli
monawileoba dauSvebelia, amitom gamoiricxeba kombinacia a∧ ∧a.
[-x]= {ab, ac, bc}. amgvarad, x niSnis mixedviT Q2 simravle
Caweris gamartivebis mizniT ∧ `da~ operatori SeiZleba gamov-
daiyofa or qvesimravled:
tovoT. ∧ `da~ operatoris komutatiurobis Tvisebidan gamomdi-
nare ab=ba, ac=ca, bc=cb. ekvivalenturi elementebis gameorebis
Q2
Tavidan asacileblad SemovifarglebiT laTinuri anbanis mi- x
+x
-x
xedviT mowesrigebuli simboloebis TanmimdevrobebiT. amgva- + {bb, cc}
bb
ab
rad, miviRebT orwevraelementebian Q2 simravles, romlis ele- _ {ab, ac, bc} cc
ac
mentebia amosavali simboloebis orwevra kombinaciebi:
bc
Q2= {ab, ac, bb, bc, cc}.
2
SesaZlebelia Q2 simravle erTdroulad ori (a da b) niSniT
Q simravle SeiZleba davaxasiaToT elementSi a,, b da c
davaxasiaToT:
simboloebis Sesvla-arSesvlis Tvisebis mixedviT:
Q2
a b
+a -a
Q2 + + {ab}
a +a -a + _ {ac}
+ {ab, ac} +b -b +b -b
ab bb _ + {bb, bc}
_ {bb, bc, cc} ab ac bb cc
ac bc _ _ {cc} bc
cc

28 29
 2
Q2 simravlis is elementebi, romlebic Seicaven a simbolos, Q2
x
gaerTiandeba A2 `Cven~ qvesimravleSi: A2 = {ab, ac};; Q2 simravlis +x -x
is elementebi, romlebic mxolod c simbolos Seicaven, gaer- + {cici, cicj, bibi, bibj}; cici bici
Tiandeba C2 `isini~ qvesimravleSi: C2 = {cc}; xolo danarCeni _ {bici, bicj, aibi, aibj, aici, aicj} cicj bicj
elementebi Q2 simravlisa, romlebic ar Sevidnen arc A2 da arc bibi aibi
C2 qvesimravleSi, gaerTiandeba B2 `Tqven~ qvesimravleSi: bibj aibj
B2 = {bb, bc}.. aici
im enebSi, romlebic gramatikul klass ganarCeven samive aicj
pirSi, Sesabamisad gaizrdeba amosavali simboloebis raodeno-
ba. Tu mxolod ori gramatikuli klasi ganirCeva, gveqneba erT- kombinacias, romelSic mxolod erTi romelime konkretu-
1 li gramatikuli klasis saxelebia gaerTianebuli, vuwodoT
wevraelementebiani simravle (qveda indeqsi miuTiTebs gra-
Q2
erTklasovani:
erTklasovani [+y[+y]= {cici, bibi, bici, aibi, aici}; amis sapirispirod,
matikul klasTa raodenobaze):
kombinacias, romelSic sxvadasxva gramatikuli klasis saxele-
Q 2 = {a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2}.. ∧ `da~ operatoris komutatiurobis
1
bia gaerTianebuli, vuwodoT araerTklasovani (resp. mraval- mraval-
Tvisebidan gamomdinare: klasovani
klasovani):
sovani [+y]= {cicj, bibj, bicj, aibj, aicj}. amrigad, y niSnis
[+y
2
mixedviT Q 2 simravle daiyofa or qvesimravled:
aibi=biai (a1b1=b1a1, a2b2=b2a2); bibj=bjbi (b1b2=b2b1); 2
aibj=bjai (a1b2=b2a1, a2b1=b1a2); bici=cibi (b1c1=c1b1, b2c2=c2b2); Q2
y
aici=ciai (a1c1=c1a1, a2c2=c2a2); bicj=cjbi (b1c2=c2b1, b2c1=c1b2); +y -y
+ {cici, bibi, bici, aibi, aici};
aicj=cjai (a1c2=c2a1, a2c1=c1a2); cicj=cjci (c1c2=c2c1). cici cicj
_ { cicj, bibj, bicj, aibj, aicj}bibi bibj
ekvivalenturi elementebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT erTgvaro- bici bicj
van kombinaciebSi (bibj, cicj) SemovifarglebiT indeqsis zrdis aibi aibj
aici aicj
mixedviT mowesrigebuli simboloebis TanmimdevrobebiT, xolo 2
SesaZlebelia Q 2 simravle erTdroulad ori (x da y) niSniT
araerTgvarovan kombinaciebSi (aibi, aibj, aici, aicj, bici, bicj) _ laTi-
davaxasiaToT:
nuri anbanis mixedviT mowesrigebul simboloTa Tanmimdev-
robebiT. amgvarad, gveqneba: Q2
2
x y
+x -x
+ + {cici, bibi}
aibi= {a1b1, a2b2}; bibi= {b1b1, b2b2}; cici= {c1c1, c2c2};
+ _ {cicj, bibj}
aibj= {a1b2, a2b1}; bibj= {b1b2}; cicj= {c1c2}; +y
+y -y
-y
_ + {bici, aibi, aici}
aici= {a1c1, a2c2}; bici= {b1c1, b2c2}; cici cicj
bici bicj
aicj= {a1c2, a2c1}; bicj= {b1c2, b2c1} _ _ {bicj, aibj, aicj} bibi bibj
aibi aibj
2
orwevraelementebian Q 2 simravleSi gamoiyo aTi qvesimravle: aici aicj
2 2
Q 2 = {aibi, aibj, aici, aicj, bibi, bibj, bici, bicj, cici, cicj}.. am SemTxvevaSi Q 2 simravleSi gamoiyofa oTxi qvesimravle.
2 2
Q 2 simravle, Tu mis elementebs mxolod x (resp. erTgvarov- igive Q 2 simravle SeiZleba erTdroulad I da II pirTa
nobis) niSniT davaxasiaTebT, or qvesimravled daiyofa: monawileobis mixedviTac davaxasiaToT:

30 31
 2
Q2 lisa Tu msazRvrelis momdevno poziciaSi moixmobs xolme, ri-
a b
+a -a Tac gamorCeul efeqts sZens poetur metyvelebas:
+ + {aibi, aibj}
`mware sinanuls ganicdian yvelani axla,
+ _ {aici, aicj}
+b +b-b -b vinc ar Caagdo Tavis droze poeti ZaRlad:
_ + {bibi, bibj, bici, bicj}
aibi aici
bibi cici xonTqari, _ poets ar uboZa romelmelmac kvarTi,
romelmac
_ _ {cici, cicj} aibj aicj
bibj cicj mebaRe, _ poets ar miarTva romel
melmac vardi,
romelmac
bici qalwuli, _poets ar aRirsa romel melmac xeli,
romelmac
bicj
2 mejoge, _ poets ar aTxova romel
melmac cxeni~.
romelmac
am SemTxvevaSi Q 2 simravleSi oTxi qvesimravle gamoiyofa,
magram isini sruliad gansxvavebuli elementebisagan Sedgebian,
vidre es gvqonda wina magaliTSi. `Suaze apobs mdinare sicxes,
Tavganwiruli irgvliv ari sma.
mowyenilia Telavis cixe, _
ver iaspinZa radgan
radgan krwanisma~.
`Jruna qaTmebi,
Tamar vaSakiZe abuzulni qliavis Ziras, _
eridebodnen
sintaqsur-
sintaqsur-stilistikuri Taviseburebani kokispiruls
muxran maWavarianis poeziaSi melnic wvimas,
romel
romelnic
wvimam gadiRo Tu ara,
muxran maWavarianis poezia misi sulis (tkivilisa Tu aR- myisve _
mafrenis) gamoxatulebaa. amitomac aris poetis yvela qmnileba peplebs dasdeven,
uzenaesi STagonebiT gajerebuli. Semoqmeds Seswevs unari imi- win da ukan
sa, rom Tavisi saTqmeli xalxis gulamde miitanos; aaRelvos, iwvdian kisrebs~.
daafiqros, WeSmarit poezias aziaros mkiTxveli.
gamorCeulia muxran maWavarianis poeturi enis kanonebi: muxran maWavarianis leqsebSi arcTu iSviaTad vxvdebiT
azrobrivi Tu ritmul-riTmuli samyaro, sityvaTa Sexamebani frCxilebSi Casmul frazas, romelic sxvadasxva saxis damate-
Tu saleqso taqtis JReradoba. muxraniseul frazas maSinve biT informacias gvawvdis ama Tu im saleqso epizodis Sesaxeb.
amoicnob, aTas sxva leqsSi gamoarCev, Seiyvareb da gaiTaviseb. mravalgvaria aseT SemTxvevebSi warmodgenili saTqmelis seman-
calke gamovyofT muxran maWavarianis poeziisTvis damaxasi- tika: zogjer dazustebulia moqmedebis dro, viTareba Tu mize-
aTebel ramdenime sintaqsur-stilistikur Taviseburebas. es, zi; xSirad warmoCenilia poetis damokidebuleba naTqvamis Se-
upirveles yovlisa, Seexeba poetis frazas, romlis gansakuT- saxeb. gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca frCxilebSi mieTiTeba
rebuloba sityvaTa rigis araordinarul ganlagebaSic mJRavn- yofiTi suraTis amsaxveli detalebi da sxv.
deba. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs inversiuli wyoba damakavSirebeli `kaklis CeroSi _
sityvebisa. am ukanasknelT poeti yvelaze xSirad zmna-Semasmen- maxloblad Robis _

32 33
 nafotebi rom dayrila SeSis _ (la
lapa
lapara
parakia
rakia Rvino
Rvinoze
noze,
ze
dgas rogorc
rogorc aRvniSvniSneT _
aRvniSneT
qvis magida. wvims _
magidazea patara gobi. Rvino
Rvino ki,
ki
gobze mogex
mogexse
gexsenebaT
senenebaT,
baT
friala TefSebiT xelSi kargia
kargia,
gia roca
roca wvims)~.
wvims
(es
es xdeba
xdeba xolme
xolme ivli
ivlisis Si _
lisis TveSi
TveSi)
parkilobios kepavs mamida~. `Tu ver Cavatan gemos
Sens haersa da Rvinos!
`rogorc axali naWinWraqali, _ RmerTma Senc Segarcxvinos
tokavs askili, da Seni Savi Rvinoc!
anda grakali: (ge
gexumre _ ar gewyi
gexumre
xumre, gewyinos
wyinos)~.
nos
zustad imgvari, mSobliuri enis wvdomis iSviaT unars, saTqmelis saocar
zustad iseTi silaRes, gamorCeul iumorsa Tu ironias, yofiTi movlenebis
(yve
yvela
yvela sigla
siglaxis
laxis roa mizezi _
mizezi
zezi), leqsobriv realizacias da, rac mTavaria, virtuozul poetur
teqnikas didi muxranis poeziaSi, rogorc Cans, xSirad frazis
suyvelaferze Tavis katuni, sintaqsuri Tu stilistikuri Taviseburebac ganapirobebs.
saqcielia araqarTuli~.

`Tu gawyra RmerTi

da Cveni yana
moakalova mezoblis Rorma maka TeTraZe
(rac
rac ara erTxel
erTxel xdeba
xdeba),
ba
mamida vinmes daindobs gana? lezgiuri enis erTmarcvlian saxelur fuZeTa
filTaqvasaviT ifeTqebs xolme, struqturuli analizi
`miwas ayris~ da
rogorc cnobilia, nebismieri enis fonologiuri sistemis
`marxavs~ mTel sofels
Seswavla fonemuri erTeulebis distribuciul SesaZlebloba-
(gan
gansa
gansakuT
sakuTre
kuTrebiT
rebiT axlo
axlo mezob
mezoblebs
zoblebs),
lebs
Ta analizTanaa dakavSirebuli. aucilebelia ganisazvros yove-
magram aravin kvdeba~.
li elementi poziciebis mixedviT da amasTan, dadgindes ele-
mentebis sintagamturi da paradimatuli mimarTeba.
`ara!
Cvens sakvlev masalas warmoadgenda, struqturuli Tval-
iqneba ar mogwons!
sazrisiT, lezgiuri enis leqsikuri fondi. lezgiuri enis fu-
ki nu grcxvenia, _
ZeTa yvelaze didi wili modis erTmarcvlian struqturul
Tqvi...
tipebze.

34 35
 lezgiuri enis erTmarcvlian saxelur fuZeebSi gamovlin- urSi fonetikuri Rirebuleba aqvs. xmovnis momdevno Tanxmov-
da Semdegi struqturuli tipebi: CVC, CVCC, CCVC, CCVCC, nis distribucia SezRudulia da esadageba C°-s (labialize-
CV, CCV, VC, VCC. fuZeebis analizisas ar gamovricxeT nasesxe- buli Tanxmovani) ragvarobis mixedviT (Tumca gvaqvs gamonakli-
bi leqsikac, ris gamoc miviReT aseTi struqturuli mraval- sebic). CVC tipis fuZeSi xmovnis distribuciac SezRudulia.
ferovneba. Seudareblad didia ricxvi CVC tipis saxelebisa Seileba iyos а, е, и (и -iSviaTad).
(Tavisi nairsaxeobebiT CVCC, CCVC, CCVCC) danarCen struq- rogorc cnobilia, TanxmovanTkompleqsebiT daRestnuri
turul tipebTan mimarTebiT. enebi, maT Soris lezgiuri, mdidari ar aris. orze meti Tan-
TanxmovanTa distribucia lezgiurSi ZiriTadad Tavisufa- xmovanTmimdevroba erT fuZeSi ar gvxvdeba.
lia, Tumca garkveuli SezRudvebi exeba preruptivebsa da la- im sityvebis umravlesoba, sadac TanxmovanTkompleqsebi
bializebul Tanxmovnebs, romlebic ZiriTadad anlautsa da in- fiqsirdeba, nasesxebia. mainc SeiZleba gamovyoT ori struqtu-
tervokalur poziciaSi gvxvdeba. garda amisa, labializebuli ruli tipi erTmarcvliani fuZeebisa, sadac SeiZleba visaub-
Tanxmovnebis distribucias zRudavs xmovanTa ganawilebac, ker- roT TanxmovanTkompleqsebze da maT adaptaciaze lezgiurSi:
Zod, labializebuli Tanxmovnebi viwro xmovnebTan ar funqci- CCVC, CVCC. rac Seexeba CCVCC struqturul tips, sul ram-
onirebs, gansakuTrebiT labialur у, уь xmovnebTan. Zalian da- denime sityva Segxvda, yvela nasesxebi. Semosuli fuZeebi kla-
balia labializebuli sisina spirantebis distribuciis xa- sificirdeba aseve CCVC da CVCC struqturebad, Tumca
risxi: зв mxolod anlauts moicavs, св ki mxolod ramdenime gvxvdeba Zireuli fuZeebic, sadac dasturdeba кхь, цт, чк...
fuZeSi gvxdeba anlautSi: свац, свар, свах (сахв//сах paralelu- kompleqsebi. C1C2VC3 fuZeSi C3 aucileblad iqneba sonori.
ri formebiT). lezgiur erTmarcvlian saxelebSi Segxvda aseve xmovniT
marTalia, TanxmovanTa distribucia Tavisufali Cans, mag- dawyebuli an damTavrebuli fuZeebic. am tipis saxelebi mcire
ram C1VC2 tipis struqturaSi pirveli Tanxmovani zRudavs raodenobisaa, magram sruli suraTisTvis Cven maTac ganvixi-
xmovnis momdevno Tanxmovnis (C2) Tavisufal distribucias. ar lavT.
SeiZleba nebismier C1-s mosdevdes nebismieri C2. meore Tan- specialur literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom xmovanTa dis-
xmovani ganisazRvreba pirveli Tanxmovnis ragvarobisa da tribucia lezgiurSi SezRuduli ar aris, magram ara yvela
warmoebis adgilis mixedviT. erTi da imave rigis Tanxmovani vokalisaTvis. е, а, и, у gvxvdeba yvela poziciaSi intervokalu-
CVC tipis fuZeSi ar gvxvdeba, Tu es araa identuri fonema. ris garda, xmovanTa Tanmimdevroba fuZeSi lezgiurSi (ro-
am wess srulad emorCilebian spirantebi (yvela rigis), bila- gorc sxva kavkasiur enebSi) akrZalulia. VC tipis erTmar-
bialurebi; sxva rigis TanxmovnebTan moqmedebs rigi SezRudve- cvlian saxeluri fuZeebis V SeiZleba iyos swored zemoT xse-
bi, romlebic ganxiluli iqneba moxsenebaSi. nebuli distirbuciulad SeuzRudavi xmovnebi (еб, уч...) VCC
calke SeiZleba ganvixiloT C1VC2 tipis fuZeebi, sadac C1 tipis fuZeebis absoluturi umravlesoba nasesxebia ( арк, акт,
aris labializebuli Tanxmovani. lezgiurSi orTografiulad альт, арх...).
labializebuli Tanxmovani gamoisaxeba amgvarad: Tanxmovans + CV da CCV tipis fuZeebi ramdenimea. CV: пи - `qoni~, `cxi-
в; в-s distribucia lezgiurSi Tavisufalia, magram ar gvxvdeba mi~ , ни - `seni~, CCV: тха - `biZa~, чка - `mxare~, пси - `fiso~ (пси-пси
Tanxmovnis momdevno poziciaSi, sadac Segvxda, yvela sityva - katis daZaxeba). dafiqsirda aseve CCCV tipis fuZed Camoya-
axali nasesxobaa rusulidan. labializebul Tanxmovans lezgi-

36 37
libebuli стха - `Zma~, romelic advilad iSleba с-тха (Sdr. sa~; zan. (megr.) xa, (laz.) fxa; svan. fxa `fxa~ : bur. -pho (mr.
тха-biZa). -pha-anc) `mamlis dezi; kbili; wveri (danis, fanqris, mTis)~;
amgvarad, lezgiuri enis erTmarcvliani saxeluri fuZeebis s.-qarTv. *fBiW- > qarT. (mTiul.) fBiW-a, fxiW-a `yvelis
aRwerisas gamovlinda rigi fonotaqtikuri SezRudvebi, rom- matli~, (gur.) fxiW-ua `xarabuza~ : bur. phic ̣o `mumli, koRo~;
lebic exeba rogorc xmovnebis, ise Tanxmovnebis distribucias. s.-qarTv. *Sxam-//*Cxam- > qarT. Sxam-i = (fS., mox.) Cxam-i :
yalibdeba wesebi, romlebic SeiZleba kvalificirdes rogorc bur. čhemil-iŋ, (i.) čemel `Sxami~ (<*čham- `Sxami~ + mele, mili `wa-
enis individualuri maxasiaTeblebi. mali~ kontaminaciiT?)
s.-qarTv. *Cxa- > qarT. (gur., imer., leCx. < zan. (megr.) ?)
Cxo-i `gaucexveli Taveli Romisa; Romis marcvali~; zan. (megr.)
Cxi, CxH `gaucexvavi Romis marcvlebi~, CxiS(i) kakal-i `Romis
marcvali~, Cxer-i `fetvi~, Cxver-i/e `Romis (RomisRomis) mar-
levan kelauraZe cvali; fetvi~, Cxvara Wuki `mefetvie Tagvi~, (laz.) Cxvar-i,
mCxvar-i `Romi~ : bur. čha `fetvi~;
saerToqarTvelur harmoniul
harmoniul kompleqsTa s.-qarTv. *Cxam- > qarT. (z. imer.) Cxam-a `wvrili patara
SesatyvisobaTaTvis buruSul da baskur enebSi.
enebSi. II
Tevzi~; zan. Cxom-i `Tevzi~ : bur. čhum ~Tevzi~;
saerToqarTvelur Zireul morfemaTa anlautSi dadastu- s.-qarTv. *wyal- > qarT. wyal-i; zan. (megr.) wyu `Wa~, wyu-
rebuli im harmoniuli kompleqsebis fardad, romelTa meore rgil-i `wyaro~ : bur. chil, (i.) chel, chal `wyali~.
wevric yru fSvinvieri velaruli spiranti an postvelaruli gamonakliss warmoadgens Semdegi SemTxveva (sadac buru-
xSulia (/fx/, /fB/, /Tx/, /TB/, /Cx/....) buruSul enaSi Sesabamisi Sul formaSi mosalodneli yru fSvinvieris nacvlad araf-
yru fSvinvieri xSuli bgerebi (/ph/, /th/, /čh/) vlindeba. Svinvieri xSuli dasturdeba):
s.-qarTv. *Tx- > qarT. da-Tx-ev-a, si-Tx-e; zan. (laz.) o-nTx- s.-qarTv. *Txil- > qarT. Txil-i; zan. (megr.) Txir-i, (laz.)
or-u `Rebineba~; svan. li-Tx-un-e `pirRebineba~ : bur. thí- `sxma, Txir-/mTxir-/nTxir-i `Txili~; svan. Sdix : bur. tili `kakali~.
dasxma~; baskurSi jer-jerobiT ar gamovlenila iseTi sityvebi, ro-
s.-qarTv. *Txam- > qarT. Txem-i `Tavi, Tavis qalas zeda na- melTa dakavSirebac harmoniuli kompleqsebiT dawyebul saer-
wili; mwvervali; meTauri, mTavari~; svan. TxEim, Txum `Tavi; me- ToqarTvelur Zireul morfemebTan iqneboda SesaZlebeli.
Tauri; mTavari, ZiriTadi; Txemi, kenwero; mwvervali~ : bur. -
than `mwvervali, wveri; Txemi~; Sdr.: tham `Tavadi; mefe~;
s.-qarTv. *TBa- > qarT. Txa; zan. (megr.) Txa, (laz.) Txa
`Txa~; svan. daB-àl `Txa~, la-TB-ir `saTxe~ : bur. thao `mTis
Txa (verZi)~;
s.-qarTv. *fxa- > qarT. fxa `Tevzis wvrili Zvali; nemsivivT
wvrili wanazardi TavTavis kilze; basri piri mWreli iaraRi-

38 39
guCa kvaracxelia mniSvnelovania, enisadmi gacnobierebul damokidebulebas, uf-
ro metic, dedaenis siyvarulsa da misi siwmindis dacvaze
qarTuli enis funqcionirebis zogadi da zrunvas rogorc saxelmwifos mxriv, ise am enaze molaparake
konkretuli problemebi individTa mxrivac.

yovel enas (didsa Tu mcires, anu mcirericxovani xalxis

enas) aqvs moqmedebis lingvisturi sivrce, romelic Sedgeba
rogorc am enaze molaparake adamianebis sacxovrebeli miwa-
wylisagan, ise am adamianebis mentalur-kulturul-mwarmoeb-
roman lolua
luri sferoebisgan. lingvisturi sivrcis pirveli nawili ma-
terialuria da gulisxmobs teritorias, romelzec esa Tu is abruptiul TanxmovanTa sakiTxisaTvis udiur enaSi
erovnuli ena funqcionirebs, meore _ aramaterialuri, ufro
udiuri enis Sesaxeb specialur literaturaSi abrup-
zustad, imgvari odenobaa, romelic yovel konkretul SemTxve-
tiuli Tanxmovnebis arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT ramdenime ur-
vaSi aucileblobiT ar aris dakavSirebuli maincdamainc miwa-
TierTgamomricxavi mosazreba gamoiTqva:
wyalTan. igi eris warmomadgenelTa, ase vTqvaT, Sida mentalu-
a. diri udiur enaSi цØ, чØ da q bgerebs aGniSnavs, romel-
ri sivrcea, maTSi mocemuli da maTiT gansazRvruli. Tu pir-
veli nawili horizontalur ganfenilobas, saxelmwifo sa- Tac qarTul w, y, K da somxur ծ, ճ aso-bgerebs adarebs, xolo
zRvrebSi enis gavrcelebas gulisxmobs, meore vertikalursa udiuri п, т, к bgerebi rusul п, т, к aso-bgerebTanaa Sedare-
da stratificirebul sivrces varaudobs, romelic asaxavs enis buli, rac imas gvafiqrebinebs, rom mkvlevari udiuri enis fo-
funqcionirebis Sedegs yvela sazogadoebrivsa Tu kulturul nologiur sistemaSi sam abruptivs da sam preruptivs
sferoSi da inaxavs xalxis koleqtiur xsovnas. w, y, K) da sam preruptivs (qq, f,
gamoKofs; sam abruptivs (w
ama Tu im enis lingvisturi sivrcis gazrda-Semcirebazea T), an rogorc mkvlevari uwodebs _ `arafSvinvier xSul-
damokidebuli enis ara marto srulfasovani funqcionireba, mskdomebs~, udiuri enis fonologiur sistemaSi d. karbelaSvi-
misi gamdidreba-ganviTareba, aramed yofna-aryofnac. amitom lic imowmebs.
erovnuli ena, romelic amave dros saxelmwifo enac aris da vl. fanCviZis, evg. JeiraniSvilis, v. gukasianis, t. sixaru-
amdenad saxelmwifoebriobis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli faqto- liZis da udiuri enis zogierTi sxva mkvlevris azriT, am enis
ric, saxelmwifos mxriv daculi unda iyos. dacva gulisxmobs fonologiur sistemaSi ar dasturdeba preruptivebi da masSi
im lingvisturi sivrcis xelSeuxeblobis samarTlebriv uzrun- mxolod abruptivebia warmodgenili: p, t, k, K, w, y, [y y´]. amis
velyofas, romelsac qmnis enis `horizontaluri~ da `vertika- garda vl. fanCviZe aGniSnavs, rom udiurSi dasturdeba e.w.
luri~ funqcionireba. naxevar-abruptivebi (`meoTxe rigis xSulebi~; `saSuali bgere-
Semdegi mniSvnelovani problemaa enobrivi urTierTobis bi~ _ K½, k½, p½, t½),1 romlebsac, vl. fanCviZis azriT, `Jer ar
xarisxis anu metyvelebis kulturis, problema. igi gulisxmobs miuGiaT fonematuri Girebuleba~. amasTan erTad, mkvlevris
ara marto saliteraturo normebis dadgenasa da danergvas,
aramed enis gamoyenebis funqciur mizanSewonilobasa da rac 1
warmodgenil bgeraTa transkrifcia mocemulia vl. fanCviZis mixedviT.

40 41
mosazrebiT: `p p, t, k, K smeniTi STabeydilebis mixedviT udi- ba udavod gasaziarebelia. ufro metic: niJurSi abruptivebis
urSi naklebad mkveTrebia, vidre, magaliTad, qarTul-qarTve- preruptivebSi gadasvla dasrulebulia da, amis garda, SeiniS-
lurSi~. neba fSvinvieri_arafSvinvieri dapirispirebis neitralizaciis
sruliad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi b. Talibovma warmo- tendencia. Tu erT sitKvaSi fSvinvieri preruptivTan gvxvdeba,
gvidgina. mkvlevris azriT, udiur enas saerTod ar moepoveba maSin fSvinvieri am ukanasknels emsgavseba, Tumca es mosazreba,
abruptivebi. im periodisaTvis (70-iani wlebi), rogorc b. Ta- ra sakvirvelia, eqsperimentul dadasturebas sayiroebs.
libovi miiCnevs, varTaSnul kiloSi abruptivTa degradaciisa saKuradGeboa, rom udiur enaSi dadasturebuli prerup-
da preruptivebSi gadasvlis procesi ukve dasrulebulia, xo- tivebi an sof. oqtomberis metKvelebaSi Semonaxuli abrupti-
lo niJis dialeqtSi _ dasrulebis stadiaSi iKo. vebi, rogorc wesi, saerTo daGestnurisaTvis da (//an) saerTo
mogvianebiT v. gukasianma gaiziara b. Talibovis mosazre- lezgiurisaTvis postulirebul intensiur abruptivebs See-
ba, Tumca amis Semdeg v. gukasiani udiuri enis fonologiur satKviseba, xolo saerTo daGestnuris//saerTo lezgiuris
sistemaSi isev or abruptiul Tanxmovans (w w, y) imowmebs. martivi, aramagari abruptivebi saerTod dakargulia an
b. Talibovis mosazreba nawilobriv arn. Ciqobavamac gai- gadasulia Á-Si Tu sxva romelime konsonantSi.
ziara. mkvlevarma aGniSna, rom: `saKuradGeboa b. Talibovis
dakvirveba: mkveTrebs udiurSi preruptivebi cvlis, prerupti-
vebs nebismier poziciaSi vipoviTo ... kaxeTSi _ sof. oqtom-
berSi dasaxlebuli udiebis metKvelebas mkveTrebi daucavs,
maia lomia
qarTuli metKveleba amas xels uwKobda~.
Cveni azriT, ueyvelia, rom sof. oqtomberis udiur
uaryofiTi da dadasturebiTi nawilakebis funqciuri
metKvelebas Semounaxavs abruptivebi. Cveni dakvirvebiT, ufro-
ganawilebis principebi megrulSi
si Taobis warmomadgenelTa metKvelebaSi w da y afrikatebi
mkveTrad gamoiTqmis, xolo k, p, t, da K bgerebi zogierT po- statiaSi saubaria va(r)/ve `ar~/`ara~, `ver~ uaryofisa da
ziciaSi (ZiriTadad _ auslautSi) Sesustebuli Cans, magram, qo/qe/qˆ `qe~/`ki~ dadasturebiTi nawilakebis ganawilebis prin-
ara imdenad, rom isini preruptivebad miviCnioT. saSualo da cipebze.
umcros TaobaTa metKvelebaSi ki _ Kvela abruptivi mkveTrad
gamoiTqmis, daaxloebiT iseve, rogorc es aris qarTulSi. mniSvnelobaTa raobisaTvis
saSualeba mogveca davkvirvebodiT q. oGuzis (varTaSeni) va(r) nawilaki gamoxatavs Cveulebriv da SesaZleblobis
da sof. niJis metKvelebas.2 Cveni azriT, b. Talibovis mosazre- uaryofas (potencialisis formebTan). dadasturebiTi nawila-
ki gamoxatavs dadasturebas da gamoiyeneba morfologiuri da-
2 niSnulebiTac: awarmoebs srul aspeqts da momaval dros.
q. oGuzisa da sof. niJis metKvelebis nimuSTa audioCanawerebi mogva-
• vamoko `ar minda~; vamaWkome `ver SevWam~;
woda ruseTis federaciis mecnierebaTa akademiis aGmosavleTmcodneobis ins-
_murqo aSo? `modixar aqeT?~
titutis mecnier TanamSromelma i. landerma. amasTan, aGsaniSnavia, rom sof.
oqtomberSi Cveni ZiriTadi informanti iKo q. oGuzSi (maSin _ q. varTaSeni)
_ var. `ara~.
dabadebuli q-ni olGa tigirova-qumsiaSvili. _ qo. `ki~

42 43
Tquans _ qoTquans `ityvis~ _ sityvasityviT: `qe ityvis~, mo- va(r) da qo nawilakebi zmnis auslautSi Tanxvdebian er-
rfologiuri daxasiaTebiT: sruli aspeqti, momavali dro. TmaneTs, roca zmna CakiTxvas gamoxatavs. cnobilia, rom kiTxva
megrulSi morfologizebulia -o enklitikiT: vaqomorTuo? `qe
statistikuri mimarTebisaTvis ar movida?~ ufro zustad: `ar qe movida?~ vaqaCuquo? `qe ar
va(r) da qo nawilakebis sixSirul ganawilebaze dakvirve- aCuqa?~ vaquwuo? `qe ar uTxra?~ amgvar leqsemaSi `va elementi
ba cxadyofs, rom upiratesoba eniWeba saTqmelis gadmocemas unda ganvixiloT rogorc damoukidebeli sityva, uaryofis na-
uaryofiTi nawilakiT. am mxriv uaryofiTi nawilaki funqciu- wilaki, romelic ar warmoadgens prefiqsul morfemas da ar
rad metad datvirTulia; kerZod, Sedis prefiqsTa jaWvSi. aseTi va ar eqvemdebareba reduqciis
• sami SesaZlo variantidan sixSiriT uaryofiTnawilaki- wesebs da arc asimilacias ganicdis~(gudava, gamyreliZe).
ani Warbobs, danarCeni oris procentuli monacemi TiTqmis Ta- Tuki leqsemaSi daCndeba kiTxviTobis nawilaki, maSin -ni
nabaria: kavSir-enklitikisTvis, romelic intensiuri gamoyenebisaa me-
_ diasqanq vam Tuo? (1) `dedaSeni ar movida?~
vamorTuo grulSi, adgili ar rCeba
_ diasqanq morTuo
morTuo (2) diasqanq qomor
morTuo (3) `dedaSeni mo-
qomorTuo
vida?~
• uaryofiTi nawilaki sapirispiro _ dadasturebis
funqciiTaa gamoyenebuli Semdeg konstruqciebSi: qeTevan margiani-subari
a) ma vamirtinuafuduko-da,
va glaxaTi (r)du iSi saqme. `me
rom ar gameqcia, cudad iyo misi saqme~. uRle
uRlebis
lebis erTi
erTi kate
katego
tegori
gorii
riisaTvis
saTvis svanur
svanur enaSi
enaSi
b) Te qua vare reno ma giSvogorafe?! `es qva ar aris, me rom
vareno
amovarCevine~. evidencialoba qarTvelur enebSi rom gramatikuli katego-
g) Tina amdRa dikmurs qarTiSe, varo
ro `is dRes Camodis Tbi-
varo? riaa, es specialur literaturaSi sayovelTaod miRebuli mo-
lisidan, ara?~ sazrebaa. Cveni gamokvlevis mizania imis Cveneba, rom svanur
svanurSi
nurSi
• vareno/varduo `ar aris?~/`ar iyo?~ _ `winadadebaSi eviden
evidenci
dencilo
ciloba
loba morfe
morfemis
rfemis done
doneze
neze gamoxa
gamoxatu
xatuli
tuli uRle
uRlebis
lebis kate
kate-
te-
gori
goriac
riac aris da,da, sava
savara
varau
raudod,
dod, es forman
formantia
mantia ufro
ufro arqa
arqaul
qaul
CarTuli winadadebebis~(i. yifSiZe) saSualebiT xdeba fokusi-
(upre
uprever
reverbo
verbo)
bo) formeb
formebSi
mebSi gamov
gamovleni
lenili
nili -un sufiq si Cveni az-
sufiqsi
fiqsi;
rebuli wevris xazgasma:
riT, erTi da imave sufiqsis gamovlena sxvadasxva mwkrivis
a) xenwifeq varereno varia quwuasuni, Teli qalaqis mospens
vareno
formaSi ubralod materialuri damTxveva rodia, aramed saqme
gverSapi. `xelmwifem (+ar aris?) uari rom uTxras, mTel qa-
gvaqvs erTi da imave funqciiT aRWurvil uZveles morfemasTan,
laqs mospobs gveleSapi~.
razec am zmnebis semantikac mianiSnebs _ mTqmeli zmnis -un un-
un
b) aTe monadire koCi vare
vareno ni Teq ifiqru. `es monadi-
reno reni
reni,
iani formebis gamoyenebiT distanciaSi dgeba sakuTari naTqva-
re kaci (+ar aris?) rom aris, aman ifiqra~.
mis WeSmaritebis mtkice
mtkicebas
cebasTan
basTan da zmnur formaformaSi
maSive
Sive `aTav-
aTav-
saintereso suraTs iZleva megrulis monacemebis Sedareba sebs~
sebs~ infor
informa
formaci
macias
cias mis mier
mier gadmoce
gadmocemu
cemuli
muli infor
informa
formaci
maciis
ciis iribi
iribi
qarTuli dialeqturi metyvelebis nimuSebTan. wyaro
wyarodan
rodan momdi
momdina
mdinare
nareo
reobis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb;
xeb;
nawilakTa TanxvedrisaTvis saanalizo formebi opozicias qmnian pirdapirevidencia-
lur formebTan:

44 45
 (1) pirdapirevidencialuri awmyo ð-Îr r-i `wers~ _ infe- nana maWavariani
renciuli awmyo ð-Îr un-i `albaT (SesaZloa, iqneb...) wers~;
r-un-
(2) pirdapirevidencialuri namyousruli: ðÎr r-d-a `werda~ cxeni da cxenTan dakavSirebuli leqsika afxazurSi
_ inferenciuli namyousruli: ð-Îr un-Œl `albaT werda~;
r-un-
(semantikur-
semantikur-struqturuli analizi)
analizi)
(3) sazedao/sasxviso qcevis pirdapirevidencialuri namyo-
usruli: xðir irda `awerda~
x irda _ sazedao/saxviso qcevis iribevi- enis leqsikis ama Tu im ubanSi ukufenilia enobrivi er-
dencialuri imperfeqti: á-ð-ÎÒ-ÖÍ-À/ á-ð-ÎÒ-in in-a `Turme awer-
in- Tobis Kofis sxvadasxvaoba, radgan Kofis sxvadasxvaoba gan-
da"; sazGvravs swored im Taviseburebebs, romlebic sxvadasxva enis
(4) saarviso qcevis pirdapirevidencialuri namyousruli: leqsikuri fondis Sinagan danawevrebaSi SeimCneva.
ð-Îrr-d-a `werda~ _ saarviso qcevis iribevidencialuri namyo- afxazuri enis ZiriTad leqsikur fondiSi cxenTan dakavSi-
usruli: ËéÌìÒ-æÍ-Ä ËÉ `Turme werda~; rebuli leqsika gansakuTrebuli siuxviTa da mravalferovne-
yvela saanalizo mwkrivis semantikaSi mTqmelis arapirdapi- biT gamoirCeva.
ri aRqmaa gaTvaliswinebuli im moqmedebisa Tu movlenisa, ro- zogadad kavkasiasa da kerZod Crdilo kavkasiur kultura-
melsac gvamcnobs. yvela es forma informaciis irib wyaroze Si am cxovels odiTganve gansakuTrebuli roli akisria, ro-
miuTiTebs; gorc gadaadgilebis efeqtur saSualebas, rogorc mTis mcxov-
-un
un sufiqsiani zmnuri formiT gadmocemulia moqmedeba,
un- rebTa ganuKofel nawils.
romlis Sesaxebac mTqmelma a) sxvisgansxvisgan Sei
Seityo (Turme
Turmeo
meobiTo
biTo-
To- afxazur folklorSi, andazebSi, pativiscemiTa da siKvaru-
ba,
ba, gadmoce
gadmocemi
cemiTo
miToba
Toba)
ba) an Sede
Sedegis
degis mixed
mixedviT
xedviT msjelobs
msjelobs (infe
inferen
feren-
ren- liT moixsenieba cxeni: aC´H aEAH ~Sa aloEp rh°o~t `cxens ada-
cia)
cia); es zmnebi
zmnebi mxolod
mxolod moqme
moqmede
qmedeb
debis unaxa
unaxao
xaobis aqts gamoxa
gamoxata
xata-
ta-
ven infor
informa
formaci
maciis
ciis namdvi
namdvilo
mdvilobis
lobis Sefa
Sefase
fasebis
sebis gare reSe (3; 4);; b)
gareSe mianis sisxli aqvso amboben~... cnobili afxazuri andazaa.
mTqmeli movlenas TavadTavad vararaudobs misTvis cnobili faqtebis
varau cxenis uKoloba sircxvilad iTvleba: mamg°adu _ C´Hda Sap-
safuZvelze _ aseT SemTxvevaSi mTqmelis informaciis wyaro wyaro raha `arasmqone guldidi ucxenod fexgawvdili~ (aris).
mxolod
mxolod sakusakuTa
kuTari
Tari infe
inferen
ferenci
renciaaaa amitomac am ukanasknelTa seman-
ciaa, semantikuri TvalsazrisiT cxenTan dakavSirebuli leqsika
tika poten
potenci
tenciu
ciurobabasa da alter
robasa alterna
ternati
natiu lobas gamoxatavs (1; 2).
tiulobas SeiZleba daiKos mdedrobiTi da mamrobiTi sqesis, naSierTa,
vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnul formebSi -un un sufiqsi (romlis
un- cxenis asakisa da feris mixedviT gansxvavebul saxelwodebebad.
funqciac specialur literaturaSi dRemde auxsnelia), evi- struqturuli TvalsazrisiT cxenTan dakavSirebuli leq-
dencialobis niSania, maSasadame eviden evidenci
dencia
cialoba
loba svanur
svanurSi
nurSi uR-uR- sikaSi gamoiKofa sxvadasxva modelebi: oden fuZiani, afiqsa-
lebis
lebis kate
katego
tegori
goriaa
riaa, mwkrivis e l e m e n t i a , swored am elemen-
aa, mwkrivis ciiTa da kompoziciiT nawarmoebi saxelwodebani, calkea gamo-
tis _ eviden
evidenci
dencia
cialobis
lobis kate
katego
tegori
goriis
riis morfo
morfolo
rfologi
logiis
giis doneneze ar-
doneze saKofi nasesxebi leqsemebi.
seboba unda iyos erT-erTi safuZveli svanurSi mwkrivTa si- aC´H `cxenis~ zogadi saxelia.
Warbisa, Tanamedrove qarTulTan SedarebiT. aC´aba 1.`mamali cxeni, axta, vaKa~; 2.`mamali kvici~
-ab naxevarsufiqsi mamrobiTobis aGsaniSnavad gamoiKeneba.
am sufiqsis amosavali mniSvneloba aris `mama~. aC´+aba sitKva-
sitKviT niSnavs: `cxeni mama~.
aC´an `faSati, yaki (cxeni, viri da misT.)

46 47
 -an naxevarsufiqsi mdedrobiTobis gamosaxatavad gamoiKene- A. myari Sexebis sagnebi (mag., kaci, skami xe da a. S.),
ba. misi amosavali mniSvneloba aris `deda~: aC´+an sitKva- B. naklebad xelSesaxebi an Seuxebeli sagnebi (mag., krebiTi
sitKviT niSnavs: `cxeni deda~. saxelebi _ jgufi, fara, naxiri, ca, horizonti da a. S.),
aC´wHs `kvici~, aC´+wHs zedmiwevniT: `cxeni Citi~, aC´Hz `qu- C. sakuTari saxelebi _ adamianis saxeli da gvari, geogra-
rani, rasxi, Svind-wablisferi cxeni~, aC´Hx°a `sisvi, nisla, tre- fiul adgilTa saxelebi;
dana, lurJa cxeni~, aC´HA `doGis cxeni~, aC´ura `ura cxeni~, E. geometriuli figurebi (wrewiri, xazi, rombi, kvadrati
aC´larJ `TeTra cxeni~, aC´kuar `iorGa, Toxariki cxeni~, da a.S.)
aC´eiq°a `Savi cxeni, Savra~... II. naklebi an nulovani xilvadobis arsebiTi saxelebi.
am SemTxvevaSi afxazur enaSi arsebuli modeli, A. SegrZnebis sami formis dakonkretebuli saxelebi: gemo,
sazGvrul-msazGvrelis xmarebisa, daculia. viTarebiTi zedsar- suni, bgera
TaviT gamoxatuli msazGvareli mosdevs sazGvruls. B. aqroladi airebi (mag., haeri, gazi, qari, niavi da sxva);
moxsenebaSi ganxilulia agreTve cxenis sadgomis, aGkazmu- C. dasaxelebebi anu saxelwodebebis aRmniSvneli sakuTari
lobis, xmianobisa da daavadebaTa aGmniSvneli leqsika. saxelebi _ organizaciebis da instituciebis saxelwodebebi;

2. abstraqtuli saxelebi:
A. derivaciuli abstraqtuli arsebiTi saxelebi: -oba,
Tamar maxarobliZe -eba, si-e, si-il afiqsebiT nawarmoebi saxelebi;
B. sazomi erTeulebis saxelebi (wona, zoma, gani, metri,
konkretuli Tu abstraqtuli?
abstraqtuli? litri, forma da sxva):
C. SegrZnebis sami formis zogadi, ganusazRvreli saxele-
arsebiTi saxelebis tipologia mraval universalur kate- bi: gemo /mada, suni /ynosva, bgera da maTTan semantikurad da-
gorias moicavs, erT-erTi aseTia arsebiTi saxelebis konkre- kavSirebuli zogadi, ganusazRvreli arsebiTi saxelebi, mag.,
tul da abstraqtul saxelebad dayofa-dagjufeba. am Temisdmi melodia, poezia (zogadad da ara konkretuli romelime leqsi
midgoma universaluri unda iyos, magaliTad: Tu romelime N an melodia);
semantikis arsebiTi saxeli konkretulia qarTulSi, is konkre- D. sawyisebi (nazmnari arsebiTi saxelebi anu moqmedebis
tuli iqneba inglisursa da CinurSic. saxelebi, mag.., siaruli, sirbili, frena, movlena, SemTxveva da
konkre
konkretu
kretulia
tulia yvela
yvela saku
sakuTa
kuTari
Tari arse
arsebi
sebiTiU saxe
saxeli
xeli da saxe
saxe-
xe- a. S.);
li,
li, romel
romelsac
melsac Tavi
Tavisi
visi bio
bioqimia
qimia gaaCnia TavisTavad, is rasac
gaaCnia
aCnia.
E. sxvadasxva zogadi termini da cneba:
bioqimia aqvs, grZnobaTa xuTi organoc aRiqvams. sakuTari saxe-
I. emociis amsaxveli arsebiTi saxelebi (mag., siyvaruli, zi-
lebi Tavis TavSi moiazrebs gansazRvrulobis (igive konkretu-
zRi, simpTia, SiSi, grZnoba da sxv.),
lobis) maRal xarisxs.
gamovyofT arsebiT saxelTa sami jgufs: II. kognituri cnebebis amsaxveli arsebiTi saxelebi (mag., idea,
1. konkretuli saxelebi: azri, goni, Wkua, koncepti, Tema, problema, fiqri da sxv.),
I. nivTieri formis xilvadi arsebiTi saxelebi;

48 49
 III. zogadi terminebi (mag.., istoria, fizika, kultura, vi- kuTrebiT gaxazavda, rom `leqsikur-semantikur da struqturul-
Tareba, garemoeba, substancia da sxva) morfologiur monacemTa fardobis uqonloba qmnis ZiriTad
siZneles enobri
enobrivi
rivi siste
sistemis
temis mecni
mecnie
cnierulad
rulad aRwe
aRweri saTvis ...~ da
werisa
risaTvis
3 Sualeduri anu konteqsturi formebi: `rac ufro rTulia enis morfologiuri sistema, miT ufro
I. -oba sufiqsiT nawarmoebi formebi (stundetoba, rTul saxes iRebs leqsikur-semantikuri da da struqturul-
axalgazrdoba); morfologiuri momentebis urTierToba, Zneldeba... [morfo-
II. gemo, suni, feri, adgili, bgera/xma, tkivili (rac mxo- logiuri] faqtebis adekva
adekvatu
vaturi
turi kvali
kvalifi
lifika
fikacia
kacia"
cia".
lod konkretul konteqstSi xdeba konkretuli) rogorc Tezisebidan Cans, igi moxsenebaSi exeboda qarTul,
universaluria abstraqtuli saxelebis semantikuri klasi- misi kvalifikaciiT, `ug
ugva
ugvaro
varo stati kur~ zmnaTa nakvTeulebis
statikur
tikur~
fikacia: warmoebas da, amasTan dakavSirebiT, gardamavloba-gardauvlo-
1. pozitiuri maxasiaTeblebiT (Tavdadeba, erTguleba, bis sakiTxs.
ndoba, siTamame, mamacoba, megobroba, sixaruli, sikeTe, madli Cvens winamdebare moxsenebaSi arn. Ciqobavas `meTodologi-
da sxv.), uri imanentizmis~ moTxovnebis Sesabamisad ganviTarebulia da
2. negatiuri maxasiaTeblebiT (Ralati, sizarmace, ampar- warmodgenili am tipis (qarTul gramatikul literaturaSi
tavneba, sicruve, Tavxedoba, mtroba, Suri, umaduroba, prob- `medioaqtivTa~ kvalifikaciiT cnobil) zmnaTa didi jgufis
lema da sxv.), morfologiuri daxasiaTeba da, Sesabamisad, maTi gramatiku-
3. neitraluri maxasiaTeblebiT (fiqri, axalgazrdoba, mo- lad adekvaturi kvalifikacia. aseve, dasmulia polipersona-
goneba, viTareba, cneba da sxva). luri qarTuli zmnis `gardamavlobis~ cnebisa da misi termi-
nuli gamoxatvis sakiTxi.

damana meliqiSvili
elene napireli
arnold
arnold Ciqo
Ciqoba
qobava
bava morfo
morfolo
rfologi
logiu
giuri faqtis
faqtis
kvali
kvalifi
lifika
fikaci
kaciis
ciis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb
(qarTu
qarTuli
Tuli zmnis Cvene
Cveneba
nebaTa
baTa mixed
mixedviT
xedviT)
viT) mesa
mesame
same subi
subieq
bieqtu
eqturi
turi mravlo
mravlobi
lobiTi
biTi ricxvis
ricxvis gamoxat
gamoxatva
xatva da
kodT
kodTa urTi
urTier
TierTmi
erTmimar
marTe
Tmimar Tebis
Tebis saki
sakiTxi
kiTxi lago
lagode
godexis
dexis rai
raionSi
onSi
1928 wels arn. Ciqobavam Tavis cnobil fuZemdeblur naSrom-
subieqturi mesame piris -nen niSani sxvadasxva formiT
Si dasva sakiTxi qarTuli Sesityvebis sintaqsuri struqtura-me-
aris gamoxatuli aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos dia-
qanizmis gramatikul cneba-terminebiT aRwerisa da es problema
leqtebSi.
gramatikaSi logikis eqspansiis sawinaaRmdegod gadawyvita.
Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTuli enis normis mixedviT
50 wlis Semdeg, enaTmecnierebis institutis erT-erT mo-
dadgenilia, rom d _ s Semdeg (fuZiseulia Tu drois mawar-
rig sesiaze (1978 wlis dekemberSi) arn. Ciqobavam igive saki-
moebeli), rogorc uwyvetelSi, aseve kavSirebiT pirvelSi,
Txi wamoWra morfologiur faqtebTan dakavSirebiT. igi gansa-
wyvetilSi, kavSirebiT meoreSi, TurmeobiT meoresa da kavSire-

50 51
biT mesameSi _ yvelgan unda gamoiyenebodes -nen daboloeba urTierTobis drosac dasturdeba, aseve saintereso fsevdodi-
(akeTeb
akeTebdnen
Tebdnen,
dnen, movid
movidnen
vidnen,
nen, xatav
xatavdnen
tavdnen...).
dnen...). aleqtizmis (hiperdialeqtizmis) nimuSia TuSi mamakacis mier
rogorc g. gogolaSvili aRniSnavs, am rTuli sufiqsis saliteraturo kodze gadasvlisas gamoyenebuli formebi: mee mee-
Camoyalibeba Cven Tvalwin moxda: a) dasavlur dialeqtebSi e. wona
wona,
na, mee na... romlebic ucxoa TuSurisTvisac da salitera-
meetana
tana...
w. pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRniSvnis moSlis Sem- turo qarTulisTvisac; samagierod aris TuSuris mezobel sa-
deg -en (-n) sufiqsi qreba samive piris formidan; b) aRmosav- metyvelo kodSi _ kaxurSi. (m. beriZe). fsevdodialeqtizmebi
lur dialeqtebSi igive sufiqsi qreba I-II piris formebSi; xo- aris sametyvelo kodis matarebelTagan erTmaneTis metyvelebis
lo III piris formaSi miuxorcda mravlobiTobis -en sufiqss n- lingvisturi Sefasebis kargi magaliTi.
en~ (gogolaSvili 2009).
en~ daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom imeruli kodis warmo-
kaxurSi, iseve, rogorc sxva aRmosavlur dialeqtTa did madgeneli iyenebs -en-ian
en formebs maSin, roca is sakuTar same-
nawilSi mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis sawarmo- tyvelo kodze saubrobs, saliteraturo kodze gadasvlisas ki
eblad gamoiyeneba -nen sufiqsi, imerulSi -nen formantis ad- gamoiyenebs -nen sufiqsian formebs, xolo Tu surs, kaxelebis
gilas TxrobiTi kilos formebSi yovelTvis -en gvaqvs (wer werden
werden kodze gadavides, maSin -ke sufiqsian formebs gamoiyenebs -en
`werdnen~, dei malen `daimalnen~), kavSirebiTSi _ -n (we
deimalen weren
weren niSnian formebTan da ase axdenen isini kodidan kodze gada-
`werdnen~, dei
deimale boden `daimalebodnen~).
malebo
leboden svlis realizacias.
lagodexis imerelTa metyvelebaSi ismis -en sufiqsiani
formebi: Camodi
Camodio
dioden,
den, iyv
iyven,
en, ekuTvni den magram rodesac Cveni
ekuTvniden
vniden,
respondentebi cdilobdnen saliteratulo qarTulis kodze
gadasvlas, maSin iyenebdnen -nen sufiqsian formebs, maTTvis
aseTi formebi saliteraturo kodze gadarTvis erT-erTi mTa- nikoloz oTinaSvili
vari saSualebaa. magram, sakmarisia, koduri kontroli Sesus-
tdes, rom isini kvlav mSobliur kods ubrundebian da maTTvis
frones xeobebis toponomastikuri masalebi.
masalebi.
sofeli avnevi
ase damaxasiaTebel -en sufiqss xmaroben:
`Camosuli iyvnen
nen Camosuli iyvnen
nen, nen gesmis?~ _ odnav qve-
nen,
moT ki ambobs: `mamaCems ufro ekuTvniden en biZad da biZaSvi- sofeli mdebarobs aRmosavleTis _ dvanis frones xeobis
lad~ (valiko cqiforiSvili, 86 wlis)... Sua welze, mdinaris orive napirze. igi ramdenime istoriul
miuxedavad imisa, rom kaxelebic mesame subieqturi piris wyaroSia moxsenebuli. vaxuSti batoniSvils Tavis `aRweraSi~
mravlobiTobis sufiqsad -nen-iannen formebs gamoiyeneben, imer- avnevi dasaxelebuli ara aqvs, magram rukaze aqvs datanili
lebi aseT formebs miiCneven ara kaxuri kodis markerad, ara- mTavris sacxovreblis sasaxlis niSniT (vaxuSti, rukebi). ioane
med saliteraturo kodis niSnad. amitom Tu surT kaxelebs bagrationi `qarTl-kaxeTis aRweraSi~ dvanis wyalze asaxelebs
msgavsi formebiT gamoajavron iyeneben -ke sufiqsian formebs: sofel avnevs (bagrationi i. aRwera, 42).
wavi
waviden
videnke
denke,
ke, movi
moviden ke... magram unda aRiniSnos, rom kaxeli
videnke
denke... 1715 wlis ruisis saepiskoposos davTris mixedviT avnevi
aseT formebTan -ke sufiqss ar gamoiyenebs. eseni e.w. fsevdo- didi sofeli yofila, sadac mravali gvaris xalxi saxlobda
dialeqtizmebia, romelTa arsebobac sxva dialeqturi kodebis

52 53
da dRes TiTqmis Zveli gvarebidan aRaravin gvxvdeba, rac save- sofelSi ubnebad arian dasaxlebulni da aseTi ubnebi da
le muSaobis Sedegad gamoirkva. Stogvarebi -anT mravlobiTobiT aris gaformebuli: durglia-
adrindeli anTroponimebidan dRes aRar gvxvdeba: nadiraZe, anT ubani (durgliSvili), maranaanT ubani (maraneli), kvinika-
omanaZe, medinaZe, bregvaZe, salariZe, kozmaniSvili, koxajeli, anT ubani (kvinikaZe), kapanaanT ubani (kapanaZe), siqturaanT
CxerelaSvili, berikaSvili, mindobilaSvili, xosiaSvili, beJua- ubani (siqturaSvili), saZagliaanT ubani (saZagliSvili). aseve
Svili, yuzaSvili, zumbuliZe, baTxaZe (TayaiSvili, 137). formdeba Stogvarebic.
gadaSenebuli gvarebidan dRes darCa toponimebi: begiaanT -ianT
ianT sufiqsian formas SeiZleba -ebeb sufiqsic daerTos
miwebi, begiaSvilis gvaris mixedviT, soflis dasavleTiT, md. mravlobiTis aRsaniSnavad: sikoiaanTebi, vanoaanTebi, kakiaan-
frones marjvena mxares; suliaSvilis ferda, suliaSvilis gva- Tebi, golaanTebi, trofinianTebi... (Stogvarebi).
ris mixedviT mdinaris marcxena mxares; daTuaSvilis mindori, sul asamde toponomastikuri erTeuli davadastureT so-
soflis aRmosavleTiT 10 ha teritoria. felSi, romelTagan yvela sainteresoa etimologiuri Tvalsaz-
zemoxsenebuli gvarebis amowyvetis mizezi adgilobrivebis risiT.
TqmiT SeiZleba lekianoba iyo. Cven davumatebdiT tyvis syidvas, TviT toponim avnevis Sesaxeb ramdenime mosazrebaa gamo-
romelic ase gaxSirebuli iyo im droisaTvis da moviyvanT erT Tqmuli, maT Soris _ avenaobis Sesaxeb, avnevelebi avi enisani
sabuTs, romelic Sedgenilia 1750 wels. nasyidobis wigni mice- yofilano (s. makalaTia).
muli zaal falavandiSvilis mier iese amilaxoriSvilisadmi. ilia abulaZis ganmartebiT „avani“ sofelia, rac adastu-
`...odes dagveWira da mogyideT Cveni samkvidros baraTis rebs avanis saxelis gaCenas sofluri dasaxlebis aRsaniSnavad.
kaci da mamuli avnevs kvaxajel razma (davTarSia koxajeli), Ta-
visi SviliTa da mamuliTa, kidev gogia CxerelaSvili Tavis ma-
muliT kidev Wolibulis (avnevis ubani) omanaZis mamuli, ...avi-
ReT fasi sruli~... (dokumentebi, gv. 345).
merab robaqiZe
dReisaTvis sofeli 400 ojaxiT aris warmodgenili da Zi-
riTadad raWidan da imereTidan arian Camosulebi, aseve qar-
`cnobisa~
cnobisa~ da `gulis-
gulis-ƒmis~
ƒmis~ mniSv
mniSvnnelobisaTvis
Tlis soflebidan: kvinikaZe, WiRlaZe, tabataZe, gelaSvili, ma-
Zvel qarTul enaSi (qarTul-
qarTul-somxur enobriv
WaraZe, kapanaZe, qimaZe, maisuraZe, metreveli, daviTiZe, WavWava-
urTierTobaTa Suqze)
Suqze)
Ze; gvxvdeba osebis ramdenime ojaxic.
zemoxsenebul davTarSi kargad, Cans Tu romeli kuTxidan 1. qarTuli enobrivi noeturi cnobierebis umniSvnelova-
movida esa Tu is gvari. koxajeli Camosaxlda imereTis sofel nesi sityvaa `cnoba~ (Ziri `can~), romelic pirovnuli da sa-
koxajidan (axla nasoflari), CxerelaSvili saCxeris sofel Cxe- myaroseuli (obieqturi) Semecnebis Sinaarss ukavSirdeba, ada-
ridan. durgliSvilebis Tavdapirveli gvaria wiklauri da ma- mianis TviTSecnobasa da garesinamdvilis gacnobi erebazea
Ti Stogvari aris wiklauriaanTi da abramaanTi, xolo salo- orientirebuli.
cavi lomisa, qsnisa da aragvis wyalgamyof qedze. lomisas niSi 2. `cnoba~ Tavis sityvaTvelSi sinonimad warmoaCens `gu-
sofel avnevSi orjer Camoitanes da salocavic aages. lis-Ãuma~-s. `Ãuma~ Zvel qarTulSi mravalganzomilebiani Sina-
arsis sityvaa da ukavSirdeba `moÃmareba~ (mo-Ãum-ar-eba), `aRe-

54 55
ba~, `miReba~, `sma~ (`daleva~) mniSvnelobebs (Sdr. ~Tual- jinis), gurat
rat-un (perangis), hason
gurat- son-un (Rrublebis). Sdr. kavka-
hason-
Ãuma~- ~Tual-Reba). siis albanuri, sadac -un naTesaobiTi brunvis erT-erTi for-
3. ~gulis-Ãuma~ sulxan-saba orbelianis mier ganimarteba mantia (r. lolua); b) derivaciul afiqsad: toS-toS-un (gareT),
(leqsikonSi Seta nilia `gulis-xma) rogorc saazrovno Sinaar- oy-un (dabla), al-
oy- al-un (zemoTa). Sdr. kavkasiis albanuri, sadac
sis sityva. misi definiciiT, `ese ars gonebiT axma da gulTa -un
un afiqsi derivaciulia; g) udiurი enis nijur kiloSi abla-
SeReba~. am gagebiT `gulis-Ãuma~ ukavSir deba adamianis Sina- tiv-komitativis (ziari afiqsi) sawarmoeblad: zax-zax-un (Cemgan,
samyaros or umniSvnelovanes mamoZravebel Zalas _ `gulsa~ da CemiT, CemTan erTad), adamarax-un (adamianisgan, adamianTan er-
adamarax
marax-
`gonebas~, rac imaze migvaniSnebs, rom `gul~ sityva qarTul Tad); d) drois zmnisarTTa sawarmoeblad (arsebiTi saxelis
ena sa da erovnul cnobierebaSi emociebis garda warmoaCens fuZeze darTviT): dam-
dam-nun (dilas), bჲas-
as-un (saRamos), blazer
zer-
blazer-
noetur (saazrovno) semantikasac. un (SuadRes); e) bolokidur elementadaa Sezrdili zogierT
4. Cvens mier gaanilizebuli masala gviCvenebs, rom `cnobi- arsebiT saxelTa fuZeSi: buq-
buq-un (muceli), ჴab-
ab-un (varskvlavi),
sa~ da ~gulis-Ãu mis~ sityvaTvelSi Tavs iyris iseTi cnebebi, yorf-un (ufskruli), qej-
yorf- qej-un (tylapi)...
rogoricaa `gageba~, `mixvedra~, rac movlenaTa `gacnobierebas~
2. udiur enaSi -u uნ sufiqsiT iwarmoeba meore tipis
ukavSirdeba.
(rTul-mawarmoebliani) masdari: bites
tes-un (Tesva), fes-
bites- fes-un
5. Zvel somxur enaSi `cnobisa~ da `gulis-Ãmis~ Sesatyvi-
(Tqma), cis-
cis-un (Casvla). samecniero literaturidan ცნობილია
sebad dasturdeba ի միտ առնուլ [imit arnul] da խելամուտ
(a. Sifneri, a. diri, v. fanCviZe), rom am tipis infinitiv-masda-
լինել [xelamut linel] konstruqciebi (=gonebiT gageba), rom- ris mawarmoebeli geneturad naTesaobiTi brunvis -un un niSans
lebic struqturulad da semantikurad Seesatyviseba qarTul ukavSirdeba. Sdr. kavkasiis albanuri, sadac masdari II -es
es-un
es un
cnebebs. somxuri enobrivi da erovnuli cnobiereba qarTuli- sufiqsiTaa nawarmoebi: marak
rak-es-
marak-es-un (xifaTis, Wiris naxva). udi-
sagan gansxvavebiT movlenaTa gacnobierebas `gonebas~ ukavSi- urSi -unun sufiqsiT iwarmoeba absolutivi: bax- bax-un (keTebisas),
rebs. somxur enaSi amave SinaarsiT dasturdeba ծան [wan] resp. ukax-un (Tqmisas), akax-
ukax- akax-un (naxvisas). Sdr. kavkasiis albanuri,
ճան [`Wan~] Ziri, rac etimologi urad qarTul `cans~ (<c-an) sadac dasturdeba absolutivis ori forma, n-un rTuli su-
ukavSirdeba (Sdr. vici <v-i-c-i). fiqsiT: pur-
pur-in-
in-un (mosaklavad, moukla ra).
raodenobiT ricxviT saxels udiursa da kavkasiis alba-
nurSi -un
un sufiqsi awarmoebs: sa-
sa-un-
un-ji (pirveli, ud.), serba
ba-un
serba-
(pirveli, kavk. albanuri), xib-
xib-ar-
ar-un (meore, kavk. alb). -un su-
fiqsi kavkasiis albanurSi maerTebeli `da~ kavSiris funqciiT
nino ruxaZe
gvxvdeba: petro
petrosax
rosax un ჲakobax nanax (petre da iakobi
akobax un ჲohana
ohananax
da ioane).
-un sufiqsis sakiTxisaTvis udiurSi
3. naTesaobiTi brunvis -un
un sufiqsi vl. fanCviZes Sedare-
1. -un
un sufiqsi udiur enaSi yvelaze gavrcelebul sufiq- biT ufro axal, Turqul-azerbaijanulidan nasesxeb, imave
sTagania. gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva funqciiT: a) naTesaobiTi brun- azerbaijanulis gavleniT naTesaobiTi brunvis -inin daboloebis-
vis mawarmoeblad (am brunvis erT-erTi niSania): biniknik un (To-
binik-un gan ganviTarebul sufiqsad miaCnda. aRniSnul mosazrebas udi-
uri da kavkasiis albanuri enebis monacemebi saeWvos xdian.

56 57
 4. Cveni azriT, naTesaobiTi brunvis -un
un daboloeba Zve- koSki~) sityvebSic, maTTvis amosavalia *b„av (a. qurqievi).
lisZveli udiuri mawarmoebelia, metadre igi gvxvdeba alba- b„e-sTvis
b„e amosaval formad SeiZleba aRvadginoT *b„av:
b„av b„e
* *
nur morfemaTa sistemaSic (a.SaniZe, v. Sulce, r. lolua), ra- < b„aÁ b„aš < *b„av.
b„aÁ < b„aš b„e naT. brunvis forma b„uÁ
b„av b„e-s b„uÁ b„uÁ Re¹-
b„uÁRe¹
sac TvalsaCinos xdis zemoT warmodgenili paradigmebi. Si miRebuli Cans ase: *b„uÁ
b„uÁ < *b„oš
b„oši < *b„aš
b„aši < *b„avi¹
b„avi¹.
*
b„uÁRe¹ (`arawova-TuSuri~, `qarTuli~) sityvasityviT un-
b„uÁRe¹
da niSnavdes `jaris (enis)eburi~, b„uÁ
b„uÁReS (`arawova-TuSurad~,
`qarTulad~) _ `arajaris (enis)eburad~.

latavra sanikiZe

wova-
wova-TuSuris leqsikidan
ÌÄÃÄÀ ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ
moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia erTi leqsema _ b„uÁ b„uÁReS im si-
tyvebidan, romlebic ar aris Setanili calke wignad gamoqvey-
nebul Tu am enis gramatikebze darTul wova-TuSuris Tar- ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ ÌÚÀÒÉ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈØÅÀÌÄÁÉÓ,
gmniT leqsikonebSi. b„uÁ
ÞÅÄËÉ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒÉ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÄÁÉÓ, ßÚÄÅËÉÓÀ
b„uÁReS sityvis mniSvnelobaa `arawova-
ÃÀ ÃÀËÏÝÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÖËÄÁÉÓ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ
TuSurad~, `qarTulad~.
b„uÁReS leqsemis gverdiT wova-TuSurSi gvaqvs vaÁ
b„uÁ vaÁReS º ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈØÅÀÌÄÁÉ (ÉÃÉÏÌÄÁÉ ÃÀ
veReS `Cveneburad, wova-TuSurad~. vaÁ
veReS ReS -eS
vaÁReS, eS-sufiqsiani
eS ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÛÄÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÀÍÉ), ÞÅÄËÉ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒÉ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ
zmnisarTis forma, kanonzomierad nawarmoebia zedsarTavi saxe- ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÄÁÉ, ßÚÄÅËÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀËÏÝÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÖËÄÁÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔ-
lisagan vaÁ Re¹ (> º veRe
vaÁRe¹ Re¹) (mot´) `Cveneburi, wova-TuSuri~
veRe¹ ÊÉËÏÊÀÅÈÀ ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄ ÃÀÚÒÃÍÏÁÉÈ ÃÙÄÌÃÄ ÂÀÌÏßÅËÉËÅÉÈ ÀÒÀÅÉÓ
ÛÄÖÓßÀÅËÉÀ.
(ena). vaÁ Re¹-Si gamoiyofa vaÁ
vaÁRe¹ vaÁ (`Cven~) nacvalsaxelis mr. ri- áÀËáÉÓ ÊÖËÔÖÒÀ, ÆÍÄ-ÜÅÄÖËÄÁÀÍÉ, ÚÏ×ÉÈÉ ÒÄÀËÉÄÁÉ ÈÖ
cxvis (inkl.) I piris naTesaobiTi brunvis forma vaÁ vaÁ < *vaÁ
vaÁ¹ da ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖËÉ ÀÌÁÄÁÉ ÀÌÂÅÀÒ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÄÁÛÉÀ ÚÅÄËÀÆÄ ÊÀÒÂÀà ÃÀÝÖËÉ,
zedsarTavis mawarmoebeli -Re Re¹ sufiqsi.
Re¹ ÓßÏÒÄà ÀÌÉÔÏÌ ÀÌ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ ÄÍÉÓ ÛÄÓßÀÅËÀ áÄËÓ ÖßÚÏÁÓ ÀÌ
vaÁReS sityvis analogiuri warmoeba Cans b„uÁ
vaÁ ReS aqac
b„uÁReS: ÄÍÀÆÄ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÉ áÀËáÉÓ ÂÏÍÄÁÒÉÅÉ ÈÖ ÓÖËÉÄÒÉ ÝáÏÅÒÄÁÉÓ
zmnisarTis mawarmoebeli -eS eS sufiqsi iCens Tavs da, unda viva- ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÀÈÀ ÛÄÝÍÏÁÀÓ.
ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÐÒÏÆÀÖË ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ËÄØÓÉÊÏÍÄÁÆÄ, ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ, ÜÅÄÍ
raudoT, igi (-eS eS sufiqsi) *b„uÁ Re¹ (`arawova-TuSuri~, `qar-
b„uÁRe¹ ÌÉÄÒ ÓÀÅÄËÄ ÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÛÉ ÌÏÐÏÅÄÁÖË ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÀÍ ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄ
Tuli~) zedsarTavi saxelisagan awarmoebs zmnisarTs _ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÀÌ ÂÅÀÜÅÄÍÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÆÌÄÁÉÓ ÄÒÈÉ
b„uÁ ReS *b„uÁ
b„uÁReS. Re¹ wova-TuSurSi ver davadastureT.
b„uÁRe¹ ÍÀßÉËÉ ßÀÒÌÏØÌÍÉËÀ ÓáÅÀ ÄÍÄÁÉÃÀÍ ÓÄÓáÄÁÉÓ ÓÀ×ÖÞÅÄËÆÄ.
*
b„uÁRe¹-Sic unda gamoiyofodes b„uÁ
b„uÁRe¹ b„uÁ (`jari~) fuZe da 1. ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈØÅÀÌÄÁÉ (ÉÃÉ-
zedsarTavis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi -Re Re¹ (Sdr. xunZ. bol maw´
Re¹ maw´ ÏÌÄÁÉ ÃÀ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÛÄÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÀÍÉ)
`Temis ena~, `jaris ena~ _ saerTo ena (arn. Ciqobava, il. cer- ÈáÖÌ ×ÀÚæÉÓÀ áÖÙæÀ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `1. ÓÀÉÌÄÃÏ
ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÀÛÉÀ, ÓÀÛÉÛÒÏÄÁÀ ÀÒ ÌÏÄËÉÓ, ÀÒáÄÉÍÀÃÀÀ, 2. ÈÀÅÉ ØÖÃÛÉ
cvaZe).
ÀØÅÓ".
b„uÁ wova-TuSuri b„e (`jari~) saxelis naTesaobiTi brun-
b„uÁ
ÖÛÊæÈÄ ÁòËÈÉ ËÉÚîÁÄ (ÁÆ.) `1. ÂÀÜÖÌÄÁÀ, áÌÉÓ ÜÀßÚÅÄÔÉÍÄÁÀ,
vis formas warmoadgens. b„e-sTvis
b„e amosaval formad aRdgeba ÒÉÓÀÌÄ ÈØÌÉÓ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÉÓ ÌÏÓÐÏÁÀ, 2. ÐÉÒÛÉ ÁÖÒÈÉÓ ÜÀÜÒÀ [(`ÜÀÔÄÍÅÀ"),
*
b„av (`jaris~ mniSvnelobiT es fuZe, ar aris gamoricxuli, ÛÃÒ. ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ ÓÅÀÍ. ÐÉËðÒÉÓÂÀ ËÉ×áàÉ `1. ÂÀÜÖÌÄÁÀ, áÌÉÓ
Semonaxuli gvqondes CeCn. b„ov,
b„ov ing. v„ov (`saomari, samxedro ÜÀßÚÅÄÔÉÍÄÁÀ (`ÐÉÒ-ÛÉ áÄËÉÓ ÜÀÅËÄÁÀ")]".

58 59
 ÌÀÚÀæ ËðËÄÌ (ÁØ.), ÌÀÚÀË ËÀËëÌ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `1. ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÆÙÀÐÒÉÓ ÁÏËÏÓ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ
ÛÄÄÛÉÍÃÀ, 2. ÛÉÛÉ àÀÌÀ (ÛÃÒ. ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ ÓÅÀÍ. ÓÉÓ ËÀáÛéÃ, ÓÉÓÂÉÛ ×ÉÍÀËÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÖËÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀà ÃÀËÏÝÅÉÈÉÀ.
ËÉÚÄÒ, ÓÉÓíÃÀ ËÉÛÃÄ (ÜÏË.) _ 1. ÛÄÄÛÉÍÃÀ, ÛÄÞÒßÖÍÃÀ, ÛÄÛÉÍÄÁÀ, ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÖÍÉÅÄÒÓÀËÖÒÉ ÌÀÓÀËÉÓ ÂÅÄÒÃÉÈ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÛÉ
ÛÄÞÒßÖÍÄÁÀ, 2. ÛÉÛÉ ÛÄÄÚÀÒÀ, ÛÉÛÉÓ {ÃÀ}ÒÔÚÌÀ". ×ÉØÓÉÒÃÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÂÆÉÈ ÛÄÌÏÓÖËÉ ÌÀÓÀËÀÝ. ÌÀÂ.:
ÐÀÓÖá ËÀáÔÉá (ÁØ.) `1. ÛÄÄÐÀÓÖáÀ, 2. ÓÉÔÚÅÀ ÛÄÖÁÒÖÍÀ (`ÐÀÓÖá-É ÁÆ. àÉÒ ÄÜÄæ ðÂæÝæìÒÀ, áÉÍ ÀÌÄÜîÍ, ÛÀØðÒÉ ÀÌÄÜÖ! ÍðÎ áÏÜÀ
ÃÀÖÁÒÖÍÀ")". ËÉÒÃÄæ ðÂæâìÃÀ É ËéÌÆéÒëæ ËÉÛà Ìð ÓÀÄÒÈÏà (ÁÆ., ÓÅ. ÐÒ.
ÂÖÃ|ÂæÉà ÒÉÜá ðÍÊÉà (ÁÆ.) `1. ÛÄÊÒÈÀ, ÛÄÝÁÀ, ÂÖËÉ ÔÄØÓÔ., 1939, 162:27-28) `àÉÒÉ ÉØ (`ÉØÌÝÀ") ÃÀÂÅÄÔÏÅÄÁÉÍÏÓ
ÛÄÖÔÏÊÃÀ, 2. ÂÖËÌÀ ÒÄÜáÉ ÖÚÏ (`ÂÀÉÙÏ"); ÛÉÛà ÒÉÜá ÌÀâÉà ÂÖÓ (`ÃÀÂÅÉÔÏÅÄÁÉÀ"), ËáÉÍÉ _ ÀØ, ÛÀØÀÒÉÝ _ ÀØ! ÜÅÄÍ ÊÀÒÂÉ ÃÒÏ
(ËÛá.) _ ÌÀÛÉÍÅÄ ÛÄÅÊÒÈÉ, ÛÄÅÝÁÉ, 2. áÄËÀà ÒÄÜáÉ ÌÉÚÏ ÂÖËÌÀ (`ÚÏ×ÀÌÝ") ÂÅÄÔÀÒÄÁÉÍÏÓ (`ÌÏÂÅÉÔÀÍÉÀ") ÃÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÏà ÚÅÄËÀÍÉ
(`ÒÄÜá-É ÃÀÌÀÒÔÚÀ ÂÖË-Ó")". (`ÚÅÄËÀ") ÃÀËÏÝÅÉËÄÁÉ (`ÃÀËÏÝÅÉËÉÌÝÀ", ÛÃÒ. ÞÅ. ØÀÒÈ. `ÆÏÒ-Å-
ËÀÜØÉ ËÉ×ÒÄÍÉ (ËÛá.) `1. ÓÀÓÉÒÝáÅÉËÏ ÓÀØÌÉÓ ÜÀÃÄÍÀ, À") ÅÉÚÏÈ (`ÅÀÒÈ")!"
2. ËÄÜÀØÉÓ ÃÀáÖÒÅÀ (`ÃÀ-×ÀÒ-ÄÁ-À")" ÃÀ À. Û. ÁÆ. àÉÒ ÄÜÄ ðÂæÝæìÒÀ, áÉÍ ÀÌÄÜÖ ðÂæâéÌÒÀ! ËéÌÆéÒëæ ËÉÛÃ!
ÂÀÌÏÒÉÝáÖËÉ ÀÒÀÀ, ÒÏÌ ÆÄÌÏ ÃÀÓÀáÄËÄÁÖËÉ ÆÏÂÉÄÒÈÉ (ÉØÅÄ, 113:5) `àÉÒÉ ÉØ ÃÀÂÅÄÔÏÅÏÓ (`ÃÀÂÅÉÔÏÅÄÁÉÀ"), ËáÉÍÉ ÀØ
×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉ ÃÀÌÏÖÊÉÃÄÁÄËÉ ßÀÒÌÏÛÏÁÉÓ ÉÚÏÓ ÌÏÂÅÄáÌÀÒÏÓ (`ÂÅ-É-áÌÀÒ-ÉÀ")! ÃÀËÏÝÅÉËÉ (`ÃÀËÏÝÅÉËÉÌÝÀ", ÛÃÒ.
ÏÒÉÅÄ ÄÍÀÛÉ ÄÒÈÍÀÉÒÉ ÓÀÆÏÂÀÃÏÄÁÒÉÅ-ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖËÉ ÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏ. ÞÅ. ØÀÒÈ. `ÆÏÒ-Å-À") ÅÉÚÏÈ (`ÅÀÒÈ")!"
2. ÞÅÄËÉ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒÉ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÄÁÉ ÁÆ. àÉÒ ÄÜÄ É áÉÍ ÀÌÄ; áÏËÀ Ìð ÄÜÄ, áÏÜÀ ÀÌÜÖ; áÏËëÌÉ
... ÁÏ×ÛðÒ ... ÁÀÜðÒÓ áÏÒáéÍÄá ÖÛáæðÒ É ÀÌÑÉ ÔÖËÉá ÌðÂ: ÌÖÜæÌÀ ÜÉÂÀÒ áÏËÀ, áÏÜëÌÉÛ _ áÏÜÀ (ÉØÅÄ, 421:16-17) `àÉÒÉ ÉØÀ ÃÀ
`ÏÒÉÀáÏ-ÊæÉÒÉÀáÏ, ÛÄÍÉ ÓæÉ ÃÀ ÛÄÍÉ àÀÌÄ, ÜæÄÍÓÀÓ ãæÀÒÉ ËáÉÍÉ ÀØÀ; ÝÖÃÉ ÚÅÄËÀ×ÄÒÉ ÉØ, ÊÀÒÂÉ ÀØ. ÝÖÃÉÓ ÌÏÌØÌÄÃÍÉ (`Ì-ØÌ-Í-
ÃÀÂæÉßÄÒÄ!" (ËÍÔ., ÓÅ. ÐÒ. ÔÄØÓÔ., 1967:66:10) `ÁÀÅÛÅÄÁÉ ØÅÄÁÓ ÄË-Í-É") ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ÝÖÃÍÉ (`ÝÖÃÉ"), ÊÀÒÂÉÓ _ ÊÀÒÂÄÁÉ (`ÊÀÒÂÉ")".
ÖÒÀáÖÍÄÁÄÍ ÄÒÈÌÀÍÄÈÓ ÃÀ ÚÅÄËÀÍÉ ÀÓÄ ÀÌÁÏÁÄÍ: `ÏÒÉÀáÏ-ÊÅÉÒÉÀáÏ, ÖÍÃÀ ÉÈØÅÀÓ, ÒÏÌ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈØÅÀÌÈÀ,
ÛÄÍÉ ÓÅÉ ÃÀ ÛÄÍÉ àÀÌÄ, ÜÅÄÍÓÀÓ ãÅÀÒÉ ÃÀÂÅÉßÄÒÄ!" ÃÀ ÓáÅ. ÞÅÄËÉ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒÉ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÀÈÀ, ßÚÄÅËÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀËÏÝÅÉÓ
3. ßÚÄÅËÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÖËÄÁÉ ×ÏÒÌÖËÀÈÀ áÅÄÃÒÉÈÉ ßÏÍÀ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ßÄÓÉ, ÂÀÝÉËÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÊËÄÁÉÀ
ÁÀáÓÏËÉêÍÀ ÂæÀÒÉÛ ËéÌêÒ àÉÌÊêÎ ÌéÒÌÉ ÌÖæÏÒÁëË É ÀÌÑÉ ËÏØ ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÌÀÓÀËÀÓÈÀÍ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ.
ÏÈàÀÈæÍÀ: `ÀáÓÏË ÁÀáÓÏËÉÀÍÏ, ÀÒÝ ÀÛÄÍÃÉ ÃÀ ÀÒÝ ÂÀÃÀÛÄÍÃÉÏ!" ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÓÀÀÍÀËÉÆÏ ËÄØÓÉÊÖÒ
(ËÛá., ÓÅ. ÐÒ. ÔÄØÓÔ., 1979, 249:9) `ÁÀáÓÏËÉÀÍÉÓ ÂÅÀÒÉÓ ÚÏ×ÉËÀ ÄÒÈÄÖËÈÀ ÈÖ ÛÄÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ
àÉÍÊÀÓ ÃÀÌàÄÒÉ ÏÒÁÄËÄËÉ ÃÀ ÀÓÄ ÃÀÖßÚÄÅËÉÀ: `ÀáÓÏË ÁÀáÓÏËÉÀÍÏ, ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖË-ÄÈÍÏÂÒÀ×ÉÖËÉ ÃÀ ×ÏËÊËÏÒÖËÉ ÌÀÓÀËÉÓ ÂÀÈÅÀ-
ÀÒÝ ÀÛÄÍÃÉ ÃÀ ÀÒÝ ÂÀÃÀÛÄÍÃÉÏ!" ËÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉÈ.
ÅÄÒÛÏÊ-ÅÄÒÛÏÊÃÏÙæ ÏËÂÄÍÄáÉ! (ÁØ.) `ÍÀÊÖßÄÁÀà ØÝÄÖËÉÚÀÅÉ
(`ÂÏã-ÂÏãÀÃÌÝÀ ÃÀ-Ì-ÃÂ-ÀÒ-áÀÒ", ÛÃÒ. ÒÖÓ. Вершок `ÂÏãÉ")!" ÃÀ À.Û.
4. {ÃÀ}ËÏÝÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÖËÄÁÉ
...ÊÉÍÔô ÊëÓðÒ{Ã} ... ÀÍÌðÆÒÄ: `ÎÀÙÏ, ÀÈáÄ ËéÌÆéÒëæ ËÉ, ÓÖËÉ
ÓÖËÈÀÍ ÉÚÏÓ, ÖÚÅÀÒÃÄÓ ÃÀ ÀØ ÀÒ ÉÚÏÓ" (ÁÆ., ÓÅ. ÐÒ. ÔÄØÓÔ., 1939, murman suxiSvili
116:12-14) `ÊÉÍÔÏ ÊÄÉÓÀÒÌÀ ÓÀÃÙÄÂÒÞÄËÏ ÈØÅÀ (`ÃÀËÏÝÀ", ÛÃÒ. ÞÅ.
ØÀÒÈ. `ÆÏÒ-Å-À"): `ÀÁÀ, ÀáËÀ ÃÀËÏÝÅÉËÉ (`ÃÀËÏÝÅÉËÉÌÝÀ") ÉÚÏÓ
(`ÀÒÉÓ") {ÉÓ}, {ÅÉÓÉ} ÓÖËÉÝ ÓÖËÈÀÍ ÉÚÏÓ, ÖÚÅÀÒÃÄÓ ÃÀ ÀØ ÀÒ ÉÚÏÓ". leCxumuri g e l c m u l i s etimologiisaT
etimologiisaTvis
ÛíÍÃí ËêØæÉÓÑÉ ÉÓÌÉ ÀË ÀÌÁæÀÒ: `ÛëÉßÚÀÎÀËÏÓ ÓîËÉ ÌìÓÉ
ÛíÍÃí!" (ËÛá., ÓÅ. ÐÒ. ÔÄØÓÔ. 1979, 10:11) `ÛÄÓÀÍÃÏÁÀÒÉÓ ÈØÌÉÓ
ÃÒÏÓ ÉÓÌÉÓ ÀÓÄÈÉ (`ÄÓ") ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉ (`ÀÌÁ-ÄÁ-É"): `ÛÄÉßÚÀËÏÓ ÓÖËÉ leCxumuri dialeqtis mixedviT gelcmul cmul-i `pirutyvis Wi-
gelcmul-
ÌÉÓÉ, ÛÄÍÃÏÁÀ!" ria~ (alaviZe 1998, 143). es sityva ganimarteba sxva leqsikon-
ÀÈáÄ É ÄÜØÀÃì áÏ×êÍÀá ... ÑÉæÑÉæÀÎÓ ÄÛáÖ ×ÀÊÀÍ ËÉÝÓ É Sic: gelcmul
cmul-i m g e l c e m u l i. pirutyvis avadmyofobaa, Wi-
gelcmul-
ËÀ×êÍÀÑÉ áÏÛéÍÃÏÁÃÀá ÀÌÑÉ, ÄÒÄ `ÑÉæÑÉæÀÓ ÃÀ ÌÉÓ æÀÑÖÍÀÓ
ri (Rlonti, 1984) da am ganmartebaSi warmodgenilia sityvis
ÛíÍÃÏ!" (ÉØÅÄ, 252:17) `ÀáËÀÝ ÃÀ ÌÀÍÀÌÃÄÝ ÄÒÈ ãÀÌ ßÚÀËÓ
ßÀÖÃÂÀÌÃÍÄÍ áÏËÌÄ ÑÉÅÑÉÅÀÓ ÃÀ ÓÀÊÖÒÈáÉÓ ßÀÃÂÌÉÓÀÓ ÀÓÄ ÖÂÆÀÅÍÉÀÍ etimologiac: leCx. gelcmuli < mgelcemuli.
ÛÄÍÃÏÁÀÓ, ÒÏÌ `ÑÉÅÑÉÅÀÓ ÃÀ ÌÉÓ ÅÀÑÖÍÀÓ ÛÄÍÃÏÁÀ {äØÏÍÃÄÈ}!" ÃÀ ÓáÅ.
60 61
 leCxumuris gelcmuls
gelcmuls ukavSirdeba svanuris gelcem
gelcem (Co- gorc leCx. gelcmulis, aseve svan. gelcemis mgelcemulidan
luri kilokavi) `oTxfexis avadmyofobaa, cxovelTa avi zne, momdinareobis mtkiceba ufro marTebulia rogorc fonetiku-
`urCxi~, uecari cieba pirutyvisa. gadarCena SeiZleba yuris ri, aseve semantikuri TvalsazrisiT.
gaWriT da sisxlis gamoSvebiT~ (liparteliani 1994, 8); is fonetikurad sityvis anlautSi m-s dakargva qarTulis di-
dasturdeba lentexursa (gelcem/gelcemu) da laSxurSic (gel- aleqtebSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa, asea mgel- sityvaSic: mgeli >
cem/gelcemur) (gazdeliani 2005, 99-100). gamoTqmulia mosaz- geli.
reba, rom svanurSi gelcem
gelcem leCxumuridanaa gadasuli da am na- semantikuri TvalsazrisiT unda aRiniSnos, rom leCxumu-
sesxebi kompozitis pirveladi mniSvneloba svanurSia Semonaxu- ris gelcmul-i konkretulad nakbenze (mgelis, Tundac gvelis)
li: `uecari mowamvla, moSxamva~, rac gvelis cemasTan, gvelis ar miuTiTebs da zogadad `pirutyvis uecar avadmyofobas~ aR-
kbenasTanaa dakavSirebuli; sesxebis sqema aseTia: niSnavs. asea svanurSic: gelcem `oTxfexis avadmyofobaa, cxo-
qarT. gvelcemul-i > leCx. gelcmul-i > svan. (lSx.) gelce- velTa avi zne~ (liparteliani 1997). a. liparteliani gelcems
mur > (lnt.) gelcemu > (lSx., lnt., Col.) gelcem (gazdelia- `urCxTanac~ akavSirebs (igive `xmeli sisxli~, `sisxlis gavla~),
ni, iqve). rac moulodneli da, ZiriTadad, makvdinebeli daavadebaa: `sa-
aq erTi ram SeiZleba iTqvas: qarTulsa da qarTuli enis qonlis mamspobi Wiria, mere sisxli TavSi ouvardeba, urCxic
dialeqtebSi anlautis gv kompleqsis (gvel-i da misT.) da, sa- qvia, Zaan mamnebelia, Tu ar uwamle, mogklavs~ (qarTuli dia-
erTod, ukanaenismierTa da bagismieri v TanxmovniT Seqmnili leqtologia I).
kompleqsebi ar martivdeba da, amdenad, leCx. gelcmul-is avadmyofobis garegnuli niSnebis mixedviT, leCx. gelcmul,
qarT. gvelcemulidan momdinareoba saTuo Cans. svan. gelcemTan (aseve imer. urCxTan da a.S.) Sinaarsobrivad
svanuri gelcem
gelcem sityvis qarTulidan nasesxobis Tvalsaz- identuri Cans daavadeba miwis li: saqonlis senia: erTba-
miwis mgeli
mgeli:
risiT sayuradRebod gveCveneba svanurSi qarTulidan nasesxebi Sad daecema saqonels da mokvdeba. Tu miuswreben wyals daas-
gveleSap- fuZis nairgvari kilouri fonetikuri variantebidan xureben blomad, SeiZleba gadarCes (s. menTeSaSvili).
balsqvemouris gelrSp (|| gŸeleSap, golerSp) forma, sadac realurad aseTi mtaceblis arsebobis sakiTxi SeiZleba sa-
Ÿ-s dakargvaa dafiqsirebuli. Cveulebriv, svanurSi Tavdapirve- Tuo iyos. T. saxokia wers: `arsebobs miwis mgeli (miTiuri
miwis mgeli
li gv kompleqsi ar martivdeba (kvlevis am mimarTulebiT war- Tu realuri), romelic moulodnelad esxmis saqonels (da
marTvisaTvis damatebiTi masalaa mosaZiebeli). adamians) da faTeraks atexs Tavs. amitom yovel moulodnel
Tu svan. gelcem < gelcemu > gelcemur fonetikurad Se- da umizezo faTeraks, Wirs miaweren _ ra miwis mgeli gamoux-
cvlili qarT. gvelcemulia, anlautSi gŸ kompleqsis gamarti- tao?!~ amave mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba sxva gamoTqmac: ra miwis
vebiT (g>g) fuZeSi momxdari progresuli disimlaciiT (l _ mgeli eca?~ (`ra ubedureba SeemTxva?~), rac qarTulSi kompo-
l > l _ r) da SemdgomSi bolokiduri marcvlis CamocilebiT zitis m g e l c e m u l - i realurobas amowmebs.
miRebuli, maSin leCx. gelcmul-i svan. (lnt.) gelcemur for- daavadeba mgelce
mgelcemu
cemulili, miwis
muli, mgeli Cvens yofaSi damkvid-
miwis mgeli
mis ukunasesxoba iqneba _ fuZiseuli e-s reduqciiT da ukve rebuli mglis mier miyenebuli zaralis Sedegad gaCenili Si-
progresuli asimilaciis Sedegad warmoqmnili: svan. (lnt.) Sis hiperbolizebuli saxea.
gelcemur > leCx. gelcmul. es sakmaod rTuli gzaa da aseT
mtkicebas saTanado argumentebi sWirdeba. Cveni azriT, ro-

62 63
 leCx. gelcmu cmulis identuri saqonlis seni megrulSic aRi-
gelcmulis dagxata meomrebi, dagexata meomrebs/meormarTa). III seriis d a -
niSneba gercemul > gercem > gerce fonetikurad saxecvlili g e x a t n e s (II Turm.) formaSi -nn-es sufiqsiebi prefiqtuli
variantebiT. formis subieqts gamoxatavdnen.
megrulSi g v e r c e m u l i c aris damowmebuli (a. qoba- meore modeli pirdapiri obieqtis simravles zmnis formi-
meo
lia), rac namdvilad qarTuli gvelcemulis nasesxobas warmo- Tac gamoxatavda, Tu pirdapiri obieqti -nn sufiqsian mravlo-
adgens; amgvarad: biTSi idga. es modeli moqmedebda mxolod III seriis mwkriveb-
megr. gvercemul-i < qarT. gvelcemul-i Si (dahxaten en meomarni, daxatna
na meomarni). ufro Zvelia pirve-
megr. gercemul-i (gercem, gerce) < qarT. mgelcemul-i, li modeli.
Sdr., leCx. gelcmul. axal qarTul samwerlobo enaSi subieqtis {-T} sufiqsi
am nasesxobas adasturebs sesxebisas fuZeSi momxdari fone- ganzogadda da pirdapiri obieqtis simravlec yvelgan am su-
tikuri procesi: qarT. lc > megr. rc (gudava, gamyreliZe fiqsiT gamoixateba zmnaSi (gxatavT
T Tqven, dagxataT
T Tqven, da-
1981). gxataT T Tqven). moispo {-en} O dp modeli da
T Tqven, dagexataT
vfiqrobT, rom leCx. gelcmul cmul-i etimologiurad m g e l -
gelcmul- srulad gafarTovda subieqtis simravlis {-T} sufiqsi Zvel
c e m u l i a; megr. gerce
cemul || gercem
gercemul gercem || gerce
gerce da svan. gelcem
gelcem rogorc calmxriv, ise ormxriv markirebul urTierTobebSi,
|| gelce
gelcemu
cemu || gelce
gelcemur
ce mur qarTuli m g e l c e m u l i s nasesxobe-
∅ Cven
amas Sedegad mohva {-T} -s nulovani alomorfi (gxatavT∅
bia.
Tqven Sdr. me gxatav-T
Tqven; T Cven).
moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia Zveli da axali qarTuli saTa-
nado paradigmebi {-en} da {-T} afiqsTa Girebulebis daviw-
roeba-gafarToebis cvlilebaTa fonze.
Tedo uTurgaiZe

en da {--a} _ Odp afiqsTa gramatikuli

{--en}
GirebulebisaTvis diaqroniuli aspeqtiT
rostom fareuliZe

Zveli qarTulis pirdapiri obieqti zmnas ori modeliT qarTulidan sityvaTa sesxebis zogi
ukavSirdeboda imis mixedviT, obieqti -eb eb sufiqsian marvlo- Tavisebureba qisturSi
biTSi idga Tu -nn sufiqsianSi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi xorcielde-
boda simravlis c a l m x r i v i markireba: zmnis formiT gamoi-
1. qarTulidan nasesxebi sityvebis raodenobiT qisturi
xateboda mxolod piri, am piris simravle ki _ TviT obieqtis
gamoirCeva CeCnuri enis yvela dialeqtisagan. ra Tqma unda, na-
mravlobiTi ricxvis paradigmatuli formiT. saerTod, roca
Tqvami ar exeba qarTulidan Zvel nasesxobebs CeCnurSi. si-
pirdapiri obieqti micemiT brunvaSi idga, miuxedavad brunvisa
tyvaTa sesxebis kanonzomierebaTa dadgena, rogorc cnobilia,
da ricxvis niSnebisa (-eb
eb-s an -T
eb- T), Zvel qarTulSi igi yovel-
msesxebeli enis TaviseburebaTa garkvevaSi gvexmareba.
Tvis calmxriv iyo markirebuli (gxatavs meomrebs / meomarTa,

64 65
 qistur dialeqtSi qarTulidan sityvaTa sesxebas sagangebo van-i _ ga,
-nn mokvecil fuZeebSi (Sdr.: akvan
akvan- pon-i _ sba,
ga sapon
sapon- ba du-
du-
naSromi miuZRvna naxuri enebis cnobilma mkvlevarma d. imnai-
qan-i _ Tqa...).
qan- qa
Svilma. am naSromiT safuZveli Caeyara aRniSnuli dialeqtis rogorc iTqva, axali nasesxobebi qisturSi msgavs cvlile-
mecnierul Seswavlas (ix.: ike, t. XI, Tbilisi, 1959). SemdgomSi bebs ar ganicdian (Sdr.: anban ban-i _ anban
anban- anban, van-i _ mdivan
ban mdivan
mdivan- mdivan,
van
aRniSnul sakiTxs ikvlevdnen sxva mkvlevrebic (i. aliroevi, pirsa ban-i _ pirsa
pirsaban
saban- pirsaban
saban...),
ban rac, albaT, ganpirobebulia qistur-
i. arsaxanovi, s. gumaSvili...). miuxedavad amisa, kvlevis miRma ze qarTuli enis gavlenis ufro maRali doniT.
rCeba araerTi sakiTxi, romelic qarTulidan qisturSi sityva- 3. marcvlis gaxsnis Tavisebur movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme qar-
Ta sesxebis kanonzomierebebs exeba. Tulidan qisturSi iseTi saxelebis sesxebisas, rogoricaa:
2. nasesxebi leqsikidan naSromSi ganxilulia -nn-ze dabolo-
ebuli saxeluri fuZeebi (sesxebisas qisturSi sax. brunvis ni- qarTu
qarTuli
Tuli qistu
qisturi
turi
Sani da bolokiduri xmovani ikveceba). ixv-
ixv-i ixo
rogorc irkveva, -nn-ze daboloebuli nasesxebi fuZeebi qis- leRv-
leRv-i leRo
leRo
turSi iyofa or jgufad: ciyv-
ciyv-i ciyo
ciyo
Zvel nasesxobebs mokvecili aqvT aRniSnuli Tanxmovani, ris magram ucvlelia: Ciyv (CiyCiyvi
Ciyvi),
vi verxv (ver
verxvi
verxvi),
xvi briyv
Sedegadac qarTuli TanxmovanfuZiani saxeli qisturSi xmovan- (briyvi ZarRv || fxa (Zar
briyvi
briyvi), ZarRvi
ZarRvi)...
Rvi sainteresoa, rom savaraudod
fuZiani xdeba. ufro gviandeli nasesxobebi amgvar cvlilebebs xaxv- formam CeCnurSi mogvca xox.
qarTulidan nasesxebma xaxv
ar ganicdian. Sdr.: aRniSnul fonetikur movlenas, rogorc Cans, ufro meti
qarTu
qarTuli
Tuli qistu
qisturi
turi kanonzomieri xasiaTi aqvs wova-TuSurSi. Sdr.:
fon-i
fon fo qarTu
qarTuli
Tuli wova
wova-
va-TuSu
TuSuri
Suri
gon-i
gon go fesv-
fesv-i fes
fes
qon-
qon-i qo
wun-
wun-i wu ZarRv-
ZarRv-i ZarR
ZarR
glan-
glan-i gla...
gla nesv-
nesv-i nes
nes
maSasadame, auslautSi n bgeris pozicia CeCnurSi sustia,
saxelebSi uban-
uban-i _ ub, Tan-i _ guoT
ub guTan
guTan- guoT, van-i _ g, qa-
oT akvan
akvan- qa-
rasac adasturebs qarTulidan nasesxebi sityvebi CeCnuri enis
la man-i _ qalb (< *qalm
laman
man- qalm < *qa
qalam < *qa
qalam laman < qala
qala
qalaman man-i) da-
qalaman
laman-
qistur dialeqtSic. n-s mokveciT marcvali ixsneba. marcvlis
kargulia xmovanic, romelic -nn-s Cavrdnis Sedegad qisturSi
gaxsnis tendencia CeCnurSi sxva SemTxvevebSic vlindeba (-av
av >
bolokidur poziciaSi aRmoCnda, e. i. aseT SemTxvevebSi sesxe-
bisas mokvecilia marcvali. o: wova-TuS. lav `Tovli~ _ CeCn. lo... wova-TuS. sag `ire-
maSasadme, saanalizo sityvebSi qisturSi marcvali ixsneba saჲ).
mi~ _ CeCn. saჲ
erTmarcvlianebSi, or da metmarcvlianebSi n-s Cavardnis Sede-
gad gaxsnili marcvali am xmovnis mokvecis Sedegad isev ixure-
ba. es movlena ar moqmedebs sal. CeCnurSi, sadac xmovani Se-
narCunebulia rogorc qarTulidan, ise sxva enebidan nasesxeb

66 67
naTia foniava intensiuri Tanxmovnebi identur fonemebTanac qmnian kom-
pleqsebs da araidenturTanac. ufro gavrcelebuli arian kom-
TanxmovanTkompleqsebi afxazuri enis pleqsis meore wevrad. isini pirvel komponentad gvxvdebian
erTmarcvlian zmnur ZirebSi mxolod nasesxeb ZirebSi (-r--S´ham-ra
ham `mowamlva~).
afxazurSi sakmaod produqtiuli Cans xSulTa momdevnod si-
afxazuri enis erTmarcvlian zmnur ZirebSi TanxmovanTkom- sina da SiSina spirantebi (bz
bz,
bz bJ,
bJ fs,
fs fS, fS´, fx,
fS fS´ fx½, bR½
fx fx½ bR½...).
pleqsebi realizdeba Semdeg modelebad: CCV, VCC, CCCVC, maT akad. q. lomTaTiZe pirvandel kompleqsebs uwodebs. isini
CVCCC, CCVC, CVCC, CCVCC, CCCV. amaTgan yvelaze gavrce- qmnian aRmavali Riaobis kompleqsebs.
lebulia CCV, yvelaze iSviaTad realizdeba samTanxmovniani erTmarcvlian ZirebSi SeimCneva damavali Riaobis kompleq-
mimdevrobis Semcveli Zirebi. sebic (sk
sk½, sy½
sk½ sy½), magram ufro bunebrivi afxazurisTvis aRmava-
Tavkidur poziciaSi warmodgenili identuri Tanxmovan- li Riaoba Cans.
bolokidur poziciaSi dasturdeba n, l, m sonorebiT da-
Tmimdevrobebi, kerZod, CCV modelSi realizebuli, meoreuli
Cans. isini miRebuli unda iyos CVCV struqturisagan maxvi- bnt-ra
wyebuli bgeraTmimdevrobebi: nt (a-b nt `ajanyeba, abunteba~
lis moqmedebis Sedegad. erTgvarfonemebiani mimdevrobebis me- ← rus. бунт), mp (a-S
S´tmp-ra
mp `Stampis dasma~ ← rus. штамп),
oreulobaze miuTiTebda akad. q. lomTaTiZe. aRsaniSnavia, rom Clt-ra
lt (a-C lt `farcxva~ ← qarT. Celt-i),
Celt nd (a-xand
xand-ჲ-ra
xand
msgavs kompleqsebSi monawileobs yvela rigis Tanxmovani, garda `Sroma, garja~ ← megr. xanda
da am kompleqsebis Semcveli yvela
xanda),
sonorebisa da sonantebisa. Ziri nasesxebia.
labializebuli Tanxmovnebi ZiriTadad identur labiali- afxazurSi qarTulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ramdenime harmo-
zebul fonemebTan qmnian kompleqsebs (--ZoSSoaa-ra `dabana, re- niuli kompleqsic dasturdeba: W´y½ (a-W´y½a-r `daCemeba, daJine-
cxva~). isini bgeraTmimdevrobebSi monawileoben sxva rigis ba, SfoTva, borgva~ (Sdr. megr. Wyia||Wyiafi `Wyivili~),, wy½wy½
TanxmovnebTanac, magram aseTi kompleqsebis Semcveli Zirebi an
(a-wa-r `muclis moSla, gadaRla~ (Sdr. megr. rwyiala|| rwyia
nasesxebia (a-ty
ty a-r `tyveoba~ (Sdr. qarT. tyve,
tyoa tyve tyveo
tyveoba)~,
ba
`rwyeva, gulis reva~),, tyo
ty (a-ty ty a-r `tyveoba~).. es kompleqse-
tyoa
an saxeluri warmoSobisaa (-c og½a-xa-ra `gacudeba, uvargiso-
coo bi mxolod qarTveluri warmoSobis ZirebSi realizdeba, garda
ba~). py-si
py (a-pya
pya-ra
pya `cema~). am ukanasknelis amosavlad q. lomTaTi-
labializebuli fonemebisagan gansxvavebiT, palatalizebu- Zes miaCnia by (bya
bya-ra), romelic abazurma Seinaxa.
bya-
li Tanxmovnebi kompleqsTa Seqmnis met SesaZleblobas avlenen. qarTulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli aqcesiuri kompleqsebidan
isini identur fonemebTan qmnian kompleqss (a-qqo-RR½R½a-ra `mo- afxazurSi gamovlinda: bg bg,, cq
cq½½, wk
wko,, C´xo..
fxeka~), aseve monawileoben kompleqsebSi sxva rigis Tanxmovneb- xSulTa da spirantTa momdevnod warmodgenilia l sono-
Tanac nasesxeb (-c
cq½a-ra `sisufTave, siwminde~ (Sdr. qarT. ric (a-k¥-d-SSˆxl-aa-ra
xl `gaTxupvna~), magram am ZirTa warmomav-
cqria
cqriala)
la da sakuTriv afxazur ZirebSic. zogi maTgani saxe- lobaze dabejiTebiT ramis Tqma rTulia. aseTi kompleqsebis
luria. palatalizebuli fonemebi realizdebian kompleqsis pirvandelobas eWvqveS ayenebs akad. q. lomTaTiZe.
pirvel da meore wevradac.

68 69
 erTmarcvlian ZirebSi realizebulia samwevra Tanxmovan- fonetikuri debuleba, morfologiuri Tu sintaqsuri katego-
bzჲa-xa-ra `gakarge-
Tmimdevrobebic, magram isini nasaxelaria (-bz
bzჲ ria, romlis mixedviTac SeiZlebodes Wanuri davupirispiroT
ba~). sonoris Semcveli samwevra kompleqsebi ki nasesxebia megruls, rogorc ori TavisTavadi ena.
Semdgomi ganviTareba am ideam hpova akad. T. gamyreliZis
njn¥r-xa-ra `inJinrad gaxdoma~ ← rus. инженер).
(a-njn
njn¥
rogorc samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, afxazurs da prof. g. maWavarianis SromaSi `sonantTa sistema da ablau-
istoriulad ar axasiaTebda TanxmovanTa mijra, magram zmnur ti qarTvelur enebSi (1965 w.). warmoadgenen ra saerTo qar-
ZirebSic ki, sadac yvelaze metadaa Senaxuli amosavali viTare- Tveluri enis diferenciaciasa da qarTvelur dialeqtTa ur-
ba, sakmaod mravalferovani kompleqsia realizebuli. amis mi- TierTmimarTebis diagramas, mizanSewonilad miiCneven kom
kompa
para
pa ra--
ra
tivis
ti vistu
vis tuli
tu Tvalsaz
li Tval sazri
saz risiT
ri siT ireirele
levan
le vantu
vanturad
tu rad CaCavTva
vTvaloT
vTvaloT maT
zezi unda iyos enaSi damkvidrebuli nasesxobebi da droTa
Soris
So ris ar arse
sebu
sebuli
bu sxvao
li sxva bebi
obe bi,, vi
bi vina
nai
na megru
idan `me gruli
gru li da Wa Wanu
nuri
nu ri
ganmavlobaSi sakuTriv afxazur ZirebSi momxdari cvlilebebi. (resp. la lazu
zuri
zu ri)) ma
ri maTi
Ti dadamomouki
mo ukide
uki debe
de beli
be evolu
li evo luci
lu ciis
ci peri
is pe riod
ri odSic
od Sic
did ma mate
teri
te riaalur da struq
ri struqtuturu
tu rul
ru l sisiax
axlo
axloves
lo inarCu
ves inar Cune
Cu ne--
ne
ben...
ben ...~~.
...
1981 wels gamoqveynda t. gudavasa da T. gamyreliZis Sro-
ma `TanxmovanT kompleqsebi megrulSi~, sadac pirvelad iqna
naTela quTelia warmoCenili megruli konsonanturi sintagmatikis wesebi da
maTi moqmedebis Sedegebi enobrivi ierarqiis fonologiur da
megrulisa da lazuris urTierTmimarTebisaTvis morfologiur doneze.
1986 wels Cems mier warmodgnil SromaSi `lazuris fone-
saenaTmecniero sivrceSi movlenebi ise ganviTarda, rom
maturi struqtura~ _ ganxiluli iyo fonemaTa inventari da
yovelgvari mecnieruli da logikuri dasabuTebis gareSe me-
maTi paradigmaturi da sintagmaturi mimarTebani. sxvadasxva
gruli da lazuri damoukidebel enebad gamocxadda.
sididis vokalur da konsonantur sintagmaTa gardaqmnebi da
dRes me arafers axals ar vityvi, ubralod erTxel kidev
fonotaqtikis wesebi, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs SevadaroT me-
minda Sevaxseno sazogadeobas da, kerZod, saenaTmecniero sazo-
grul da lazur fonemaTa sintagmatikis struqturul kanon-
gadoebasac im lingvisturi kvlevis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, romleb-
zomierebaTa Sedegebi.
sac awarmoebdnen bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, erTi mxriv,
nebismieri ena viTardeba ori erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego
prof. t. gudava da akad. T. gamyreliZe megrulis mimarT, xo-
tendenciebis zegavleniT: diferenciisa da unificirebis. uni-
lo, meore mxriv, Tqveni mona-morCili lazuri fonologiuri
ficirebis process ganicdis rogorc erTiani sazogado ena,
struqturis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT.
romelic moqmedebis garkveul sivrceSi da yvelasaTvis gasage-
jer kidev 1936 wels akad. arn. Ciqobavam Tavis SromaSi
bi unda iyos, aseve misgan ukve diferencirebuli enobrivi er-
`Wanuris gramatikuli analizi~ mkafiod Camoayaliba Tavisi
Teuli, romelic unificirdeba Tavis TavSi.
koncefcia lazur-megruli enobrivi erTianobis Sesaxeb: `Wanu-
iv. javaxiSvilis varaudiT, Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi
ris fonetikuri sistemis mimoxilva, brunebisa da uRvlilebis
laz-megrelebs jer kidev hqondaT SenarCunebuli teritoriu-
analizi, winadadebis sintaqturi konstruqciis gaTvaliswineba
li mTlianoba. Semdeg erT-erTi qarTvel tomTagani SeiWra Sig
_ megrulTan SedarebiT _ cxadhyofs, rom ar aris arc erTi
Sua gulSi, rasac mohyva megrulebisa da lazebis dacileba da

70 71
erTiani enobrivi sivrcis gaTiSva. lazuris Semdgom diferen- qarTvelTa tomebis enobriv areals kulturul-istoriu-
ciacias xeli Seuwyo ara marto gaTiSvam, aramed Turq-osmal- li TvalsazrisiT unda mivudgeT, vinaidan is moiTxovs geogra-
Ta gabatonebam wina aziaSi. komunikacia megrulsa da lazurs fiul-politikuri da eTnikuri nomenklaturis Seswavlas `di-
Soris ukiduresad garTulda da me-20 saukunis 20-iani wlebi- di komninebis imperiaSi~ (resp. trapizonis imperiaSi), sadac
dan srulad Sewyda. mosaxleobis didi nawili arabi, sparsi, Turqi qronistebis
lazebma SeinarCunes teritoriuli da eTnikuri mTlianoba aRwerilobiT, `lazebi, Wanebi da sxva qarTveluri tomebi ari-
da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, ena. miuxedavad istoriuli an~. arsebuli enobrivi situaciis araadekvaturi interpreta-
gzebis sxvadasxvaobisa, lazurisa da megrulis fonologiuri cia xels SeuSlis sworad ganisazRvros qarTvelur ena-kilo-
struqturis modeli identuria: paradigmatuli da sintagma- Ta ganviTarebis gzebi da interferenciis procesis dinamika,
turi mimarTebani, Zireuli morfemis struqtura da fonotaq- rac Tavis mxriv Seaferxebs qarTvelur ena-kiloTa istoriuli
tika. magram isic cxadia, rom lazurma vokalurma sistemam ganviTarebis Sinagani kanonebis moqmedebaTa swor socio-lin-
ganicada transformacia. gvistur kvalifikacias.
ena, romlzedac laparakoben, ganicdis enobrivi sistemis sagulisxmoa, rom XIII-XV saukuneebis muslimi qronistebi
uwyvet transformacias droSi. lazurmac ganicada cvlilebe- trapizonis imperiis mosaxleobas berZnebs ar uwodeben da arc
bi da dRes es cvlileba aisaxa enobrivi ierarqiis iseT myar romaelebs (al-zūm, zumī). sparsul da arabul qronistikaSi
da gamZle doneze, rogoricaa fonologiuri sistema. faqtia, trapizoni WanTa qveyanaa, xolo trapizonis basilievsebi spar-
rom gamoiyofa axali, meoreuli warmoSobis vokaluri sintag- sul wyaroSi moxseniebuli arian _ malik jānīt `mefe WanTa~.
mebi realurad arsebul struqturebSi, rac ucxoa rogorc amasve ukavSirdeba WanTa didi feodaluri sagvareulos pat-
megrulisTvis, ise qarTulisTvis. ronimi `Wanixitebi~, `janixitebi~.
`yoveli xalxi xalxia, Tu aqvs erovnuli kultura, ise
rogorc sakuTari ena~. me-18 saukunis cnobili germaneli gan-
manaTleblis iohan gotfrid fon herderis am gamonaTqvams Ta-
namedrove socialur anTropologiaSi momuSave zogi evropeli
mecnieri politikuri mizniT iyenebs da acxadebs: `Crdilo TinaTin RvinaZe
aRmosavleT TurqeTSi mcxovrebi lazebi aSkarad gamokveTil
calke lingvistur kategorias miekuTvnebian, amis safuZvelze isev g u l q a r T l i s Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb
isini SeiZleba calke eTnikur kategoriad Camoyalibebuliy-
vnen~. am mosazrebis avtori ufro Sors midis da qarTvelebs `quTaisuri saubrebis~ IV simpoziumze (1997 wlis 2-4 mai-
upirispirebs megrelebsa da lazebs da sxvadasxva enTikur jgu- si), romlis ZiriTadi Tema iyo adamianTa urTierTobebi (eTno-
fad warmoaCens maT. teritoriuli dialeqti enaa, ramdenadac si, eri, tomi, Temi, gvari) _ lingvisturi, eTnologiuri,
sakomunikacio funqciis matarebelia sxvadasxva sididis soci- folkloruli aspeqtebiT, plenarul sxdomaze (2.V) mqonda mo-
umSi, magram eTnikuri identifikaciis safuZvlad es ar gamo- xseneba `ras niSnavs gulqar Tli igi aqamde ar aris gamoqvey-
gulqarTli
qarTli~.
dgeba. nebuli. gavlilma drom ganapiroba am sakiTxze kvlav saubris
saWiroeba.

72 73
 qegl-is
qegl II tomis wina gamocemaSi (1951 w., red. g. wereTeli) akad. arn. Ciqobavas didi xnis win miuqcevia yuradReba am
CemTvis saintereso rTuli sityva damowmebuli iyo erTaderTi kompozitis pirveli komponentisaTvis rTul sityvebSi misi
ilustraciiT g. leoniZis poemidan (`mama gulqar qarTli kacia,
gulqarTli xSirad xmarebulobis gamo ara marto qarTulSi, aramed mTel
sZuls puraZviris qajoba~). am ilustraciis mixedviT, epiTeti qarTvelur enebSi wminda enobrivis garda fsiqologiuri
qarTli upirispirdeba puraZ
gulqar
gulqarTli puraZvi
raZviris jobas da, bunebrivia,
viris qajo
qajobas TvalsazrisiTac (1938 w.). qarTulSi xom gul gul fuZe (qegl
qegl-is
qegl
mis ZiriTad mniSvnelobad naCvenebia gulux guluxvi
luxvi,
vi pura di wer-
puradi
radi. mixedviT) 150-ze met rTul sityvasa da gamoTqmaSi monawile-
til-mZimis Semdeg ki damatebulia: gulke gulkeTi
keTili
Tili,
li gulmar
gulmarTa
marTali
Tali,
li obs. b-ni arnoldi SeniSnavs: `am sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis Si-
wrfelili es sityva sxva leqsikologebTanac ZiriTadad gulux
wrfeli. gulux-
lux- naarsis mixedviT cxadia, rom gul-igul warmodgenilia azrovnebi-
vis,
vis pura
puradis
radis,
dis gamme teblis mniSvnelobiT aris ganmartebuli
gammeteb
meteblis Ti procesebis centrad, grZnobebis wyarod, temperament-xasia-
(a. SaniZe, al. Rlonti, T. razikaSvili, al. neimani...). stefane Tis ganmsazRvrelad da organuli SegrZnebebis amTviseblad.
menTeSaSvils `qiziyur leqsikonSi~ (1943 w.) igi ilustraciis amdenad mas ekisreba tvinis, gulis, kuWisa da, nawilobriv, pe-
gareSe aqvs damowmebuli aseTi ganmartebiT: marTa marTali
Tali,
li wrfeli
wrfeli riferiuli nervuli sistemis magivroba gaswios _ sicocxlis
gulis
gulis,
lis gulke
gulkeTi Tili adamiani.
keTili matarebeli gulia! Cans Zveli adamianis yuradReba adre mii-
gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebisTvis leqsikologiis ganyo- pyro am organom, romlis saqmianoba ase mniSvnelovanic iyo da
filebis ufrosi mecnieri TanamSromlis m. mesxiSvilis mier TvalsaCinoc~ (gv. 66).
Sedgenil qegl-is
qegl damatebiTi tomis masalaSi aRmoCnda gul- gul- gul sityvis gansakuTrebuli semantikur-fsiqologiuri
gul-
qarTlis gamoyenebis ramdenime SemTxveva sxvadasxva avtorTan
qarTlis datvirTulobis Sesaxeb aRniSnuli hqonda S. nucubiZes (1937
(g. leoniZe `natvris xe~, l. goTua, T. bibiluri, m. kaxiZe, n. w.); SemdgomSi es Tvalsazrisi gaziarebulia fsiqolog
wuleiskiri, n. jalaRonia, e. qurdiani...). sakmaod mravalfero- a. frangiSvilis mier (1945 w.) da dim. uznaZis ganwyobis Teo-
vani, saintereso ilustraciebis mixedviT naTeli gaxda am epi- riis mixedviT uamravi enobrivi masalis analizis safuZvelze
TetiT gulux
guluxvi
luxvi,
vi pura
puradi
radi,
di gamme
gammete
metebe
tebeli
beli,
li gulke
gulkeTi
keTili
Tili,
li gulmar
gulmar-
mar- gakeTebulia daskvna: `pirovnebis fsiqologiuri Tvisebebi, pi-
Tali
Tali, wrfeli adamianis garda gulmtki
li wrfeli gulmtkice
mtkice,
ce gulma
gulmamamaci adamia-
mamaci rovnebis arsic, misi individualurobac qarTulSi gul si-
nis aRniSvnis SesaZleblobac. aRmoCnda, rom man TandaTanobiT tyvis mniSvnelobasTan kavSirSi gamoiTqmis~ (gv. 475). gul-s gul
gaifarTova mniSvnelobac, gamoyenebis arealic da qarTul sa- ukavSirdeba emociuri gancdis siwrfesiwrfele
rfele,
le namdvi
namdvilo
mdviloba
loba,
ba siRrme
siRrme,
rme
literaturo enaSi damkvidrda. xan
xanieroba
roba...,
ba e. i. pirovnebis mTeli Sinagani samyaro.
qegl-is
qegl meore tomis axal (2010 w.) gamocemaSi gulqar
gulqarT
qarTli kompozitis meore komponenti qarTli
qarTli calke Zveli qarTu-
dadasturebulia (rogorc mosalodneli iyo) meti ilustraciiT lis mixedviT moiazreba `friadi qveynis~ mniSvnelobiT (gior-
(g. leoniZis garda g. xorguaSvilisa da e. qurdianis ilustraci- gi merCule). amasve mowmoben gamoTqmebi: moqce moqceva
qcevaÁ
vaÁ qarTli
qarTlisasaÁ,
TlisaÁ
ebiT), zmnisarTis formiTac, gulqar qarTlad (= gulmarTlad,
gulqarTlad qarTlis
qarTlis cxovre
cxovreba
reba,
ba mati
matia
tiane qarTli
qarTlisasaÁ, qarTlis
TlisaÁ qarTlis Wiriri speci-
Wiri...
wrfelad) m. kaxiZis ilustraciiT. calke erTeuladaa gulqar gulqar-
qar- alur literaturaSi es sakiTxi damajereblad aris Seswavli-
Tloba
Tloba,ba rogorc gulux
guluxvo
luxvoba
voba,
ba gulke
gulkeTi
keTilo
Tiloba
loba,
ba gulmar Tloba (T.
gulmarTlo
marTloba li (s. janaSia, n. berZeniSvili, g. meliqiSvili, d. musxeliSvi-
bibilurisa da m. elioziSvilis ilustraciebiT). naTlad gamo- li...). Tanamedrove qarTulis mixedviT ki qarTli qarTli ZiriTadi
Cnda gulqar
qarTli sityvis ufro xSirad gamoyenebisa da misi mniS-
gulqarTli mniSvnelobiT aris `1. saqarTvelos erT-erTi kuTxe, misi Sua
vnelobis gafarToebiT moxmarebis tendenciac. nawili da 2. Zv. mTeli saqarTvelo~ (qegl qegl VII t., sv. 263).
qegl,

74 75
 CvenTvis saintereso kompozitis meore nawilad ver vivara- medea Rlonti
udebT am sityvas verc erTi am mniSvnelobiT. gulqarTl gulqarTlØSi
qarTl
qarTli ar unda niSnavdes arc saqarTvelos erT-erT kuTxes
qarTli s u l-is leqsi
leqsikur
sikur-
kur-seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri
kuri arCe
arCeva
Cevani
vani
(rogorc ufiqria Tedo saxokias, 1979 w., gv. 120) da arc qarTul
qarTulSi
TulSi
mTlian saqarTvelos, vinaidan es epiTeti pirovnebis fsiqolo-
giuri Tvisebebis gamomxatvelia da geografiuli saxeli aseTi sul-is
sul leqsikur-semantikur budes Seadgens qarTuli
daniSnulebiT ver gamodgeboda. ufro sarwmuno da fonetiku- sul da misgan warmoebuli 300-mde leqsikuri erTeuli, rom-
sul-i
radac savsebiT SesaZlebelia am kompozitSi meore komponentad lis 80% kompozitebia.
vivaraudoT warmomavlobis saxeli: qarTli qarTli ← qarTvli
qarTvli ← kvleva sami saanalizo mimarTulebiT xorcieldeba.
qarTve
qarTveli
Tveli ← qarTuqarTue li aseT SesaZleblobas dasaSvebad miiC-
Tueli.
nevs s. janaSia (1952 w.). warmomavlobis saxelis SekumSuli va- 1) leqsi
leqsikur
sikur-
kur-seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri
kuri anali
analizi
lizi:
zi:
rianti unda iyos iliasTan `qar qarTvlis deda~. am varaudis sa-
qarTvlis a) sul-is
sul leqsikuri maragi Semdegi magistraluri seman-
sargeblod metyvelebs is faqtic, rom (a. WinWaraulisa da a. tikuri mimarTulebebiT gadanawilda:
arabulis cnobiT) xevsurulSi gulqar qarTlis mniSvnelobiT ix-
gulqarTlis I. `yove
yoveli
velive
live zeci
zeciu
ciuri,
ri, uxila vi~ (Zv. qarT. suli
uxilavi
lavi~ suli `suli,
mareba gamoTqma qarTli kaci (= xelgaSlili, gulkeTili, pu-
qarTli kaci samSvinveli; angelozi; qari, haeri~, suli wmida `samebis erT-
suli wmida
radi, stumarTmoyvare (a. WinWar., 2005). erTi hipostasi~ da sxva);
amdenad, gulqar qarTli sazRvrul-msazRvrelis naerTia. unda
gulqarTli II.
II. `suni
suni,
ni, surne
surneli
neli / yrola la~ (Zv. qarT. suli
yrola~ suli `suni~, Zv.
momdinareobdes formidan gulqar gulqarTve li es rTuli sityva
qarTveli
Tveli. qarT. sulo lova `yrola~ da sxva);
sulova
yovelTvis adamianis pirovnuli Rirsebebis aRmniSvnelia. masSi III. Tqva~ (Zv. qarT. sul-
III. `sunTqva
sunTqva~ sul-Tquma
Tquma, lis-Tqma `sunTqva~,
ma, sulis
sulis-
daxasiaTebulia qarTveli pirovnul-fsiqologiuri dadebiTi Zv. qarT. sulissulis- kueTa `ukanaskneli amosunTqva~, Zv. qarT.
lis-kue
TvisebebiT: gulux
guluxvi
luxvi,
vi pur
puradi,
di gula
gulala li moyvasisaTvis gaWir-
lalali
lali, sulSe
sulSeuq
Seuqce
uqceve
cevelad
velad,
lad, usunTqeb liv, `amousunTqavad, Seusveneb-
usunTqebliv
Tqebliv,
vebisas xelis
xelis gamwo
gamwodedebe
beli
li,
mwodebeli gulwrfe
gul wrfeli
wrfeli gulke
li, gulkeTi li axlad
keTili
Tili... lad~, sasu sule `sasunTqi (mili)~ da sxva);
sasule
gamovlenili Sesityvebebi: gulqar gulqarTlad
qarTlad miTxra
miTxra,
Txra gulqar
gulqarTli
qarTli IV.
IV. `arse
arsebo
seboba
boba,
ba, sico
sicocxle
cocxle,
cxle, cocxa
cocxali
cxali arse ba~ (Zv. qarT. su-
arseba
seba~ su-
mxeda
mxedari
dari,
ri gulqar
gulqarTlo
qarTloba gvmarTebs da misTanebi gvafiqrebinebs,
Tloba gvmarTebs li `adamiani; sicocxle~; suli lieri `cocxali(arseba); kaci; su-
sulie
rom epiTeti gulqar qarTli aRniSnavs gulRia
gulqarTli gulRia,
Ria gulmed
gulmedgar
medgar,
gar ma-
ma- lis mqone~; Zv. qarT. suldgmu dgmuli `qmnileba; sulieri; visac an
suldgmuli
mac,
mac gambe
gambedav
mbedav,
dav erTgul
erTgul,
Tgul pirda dapir adamiansac. es kompoziti ar
pirdapir rasac suli udgas; mococxlebuli~ da sxva);
unda iyos me-19 saukuneze adrindeli da misi Seqmna ganpirobe- V. `sikvdi
sikvdili
vdili,
li, sulis svla~ (Zv. qarT. sulis
sulis amosvla
amosvla~ sulis//
lis//sul
//sulTa
sulTa
buli unda iyos am periodis istoriuli viTarebiT, kerZod, aRmoslva `sikvdili~, Zv. qarT. sulis
aRmoslva sulis miReReba `mokvla~, Zv. qarT.
miReba
erovnuli da eTnokulturuli mdgomareobiT. sulTa mƒdeli `mkvleli~, sulTmob
sulTa mƒdeli rZavi `sikvdilis piras myo-
sulTmobrZa
TmobrZavi
dasasrul, unda aRiniSnos, rom epiTeti gulqar qarTli savse-
gulqarTli fi~, xevs. sulmo
sulmosu suli `sulis amosvlaSi myofi~, kax., fS. usula
mosuli usula-
la-
biT Seesabameba akad. arnold Ciqobavas da varlam Tofurias _ do `udanod, usisxlod mkvdari (saqoneli, frinveli)~ da sxva).
rogorc pirov
pirovne
rovnebebs
nebebs,
bebs moqa
moqala
qalaqe
laqeebs
qeebs,
ebs mecni
mecnie rebs maTi kolegebi-
cnierebs. VI.
VI. `sakul
sakulto
kulto~to~ (xevs. sulis pela `saaqos movlenili mi-
sulis pepe
pepela
sa da mowafeebis mogonebebi amas udavod adasturebs. cvalebulTa suli~, mox. suldgmu dgmuli `xatisTvis Sesawiri xari
suldgmuli
an mozveri~ da sxva);

76 77
 VII.
VII. `xma/
xma/ dumi
dumilili~ (Zv. qarT. sulRe
mili~ Reba `uxmooba, siCume~,
sulReba suni~ (arn. Ciqobava); `suli, suni~; `suli~; Sur-
Sur-u-a // o-Sur-
Sur-u
sulga
sulgana
ganabubuli `gaCumebuli~, xevs. sule
nabuli le! `su, gaCumdi!~ da sxva);
sule! `sunTqva~;
VIII.
VIII. `wyevla
wyevla-
la-locva
locva,
va, fici
ficili
cili,
li, lanZRva
lanZRva,
ZRva, knino
kninobiT
nobiT-
biT-alerso
alerso-
so- svan. Sur-
Sur-, li- Sur-iel `amooxvra~, Sdr.: s.-qarTv. *suen
li-Sur- suen-
en-
Ti~ (Cem
biTi
biTi~ Cemma sulma `Cemma sicocxlem~, Sen
Cemma sulma Senma sulma
sulma ixaros
ixaros;
ros; `dasveneba~ _ qarT. suen en- `dasveneba~, zan. Svan-
suen- Svan- `amooxvra~,
sulkru
sulkruli
kruli,li, sula
sulaye
layefe
yefebu
febuli
buli,
li, suli
suliko
liko, sule da sxva);
ko, sule svan. Suem
Suem- en- `dasveneba~ (m. Cuxua).
em- < *Suen
Suen-
IX.
IX. `Tvise
Tviseba
seba-
ba-ragva
ragvaro ba~ (Zv. qarT. sulSe
varoba
roba~ sulSeza
Sezavebuli `su-
zavebu
vebuli X saukunemde `sunis~ mniSvnelobas mxolod qarT. sul- sul-i
liwmidiT Sezavebuli, RvTaebrivi~, Zv. qarT. sulTmo sulTmoyu
Tmoyua
yuare Seicavda. qarT. sun-i
sun mniSvnelobiT `suni~ pirvelad Satber-
`moyvaruli~, Zv. qarT. sulƒuebu buli `cocxal-mkvdari~, Zv.
sulƒuebuli dis krebulSia dadasturebuli.
qarT. sulSe
sulSemo suli `avsuliani~, usuli
Semosu
mosuli usuli `lamazi, moxdenili, qarT. sun-
sun- miCneulia qarT. sul-is
sul alternatad (m. qurdi-
Snoiani~, sulwa
sulwawyme
wawymedidili `avi, boroti~ da sxva);
wymedili ani), romlis drosac uTiTeben qarTvelur enebSi arsebul al-
X. `fau
fauna da flora
flora~ra~ (fS. sulRuRumi `zRapruli frinve-
sulRumi ternaciaze _ zmnuri n-/saxeluri l- l (a. arabuli).
li~, imer., raW., leCx. usulo usulo `adamianis paraziti Wia, soli- qarT. sul-is
sul kanonzomieri Sesatyvisia megr.-Wan. Sur-i.
Sur vara-
teri; WianWvela, Wia~, suli sulia msxali `sazafxulo msxlis ji-
liani msxali udoben, rom megr.-Wan. Sur-is
Sur Sesatyvisi unda iyos svan. Sur-
Sur-
Si~, da sxva). (*<Sul-), Sdr. svan. li-
(*<Sul- Sul-i `qoSini~ (fenrixi-sarjvelaZe).
li-Sul-
rogorc vxedavT, sul-is sul aT magistralur semantikur mi- aRdgenilia saerToqarTveluri:
marTulebaTagan cxra `uxilavobis an abstraqtulobis~ seman- sul `suli, suni~ (g. klimovi);
*sul-
tikiT erTiandeba, xolo meaTe calke mdgomad rCeba. sur romlidanac momdinareobs: qarT. sul-,
*sur-, sun zan.
sul sun-,
b) ganisazRvra sul-is
sul leqsikuri maragis semantikuri velebi. Sur-, Sunj svan. qun-,
Sur Sunj-, quin (z. WumburiZe);
qun quin
g) dadginda, rom sul-issul leqsikuri maragis polisemiuro- *s1 `suli~ (m. qurdiani).
ba SedarebiT maRali iyo Zvel qarTulSi. sul-is sul aTeulamde 3) moxmobilia sul-Tan
sul dakavSirebuli saRvTismetyvelo
semantikuri veli dRemde leqsikur-semantikuri gadmonaSTis masala eklesiis wmida mamaTa Targmanebaze dayrdnobiT.
saxiTaa SemorCenili (mag.: `haeri~, `qari~ da sxva).
sul-is
sul leqsikur-semantikur budeSi maRali polisemiurobiT
gamoirCeva sakuTriv sul-isul _ 30-mde semantikuri veliT, Sdr.: `su-
li~, `suliwmida~, `suli boroti~, `samSvinveli~, `sunTqva~, `sico-
cxle~, `cxovreba~, `haeri~, `qari~, `suni~, `surneli, surneleba~, xaTuna yandaSvili
`cocxali arseba~, `goneba~, `qmnileba~, `adamiani~, `kaci~, `gvami~,
`usxeulo~, `sulieri~, `suladobrivi, erTi suli~, `vinme~, `piri~, fraze
frazeo
zeologiz
logizmi
gizmi,
mi, rogorc
rogorc si
sityvis
tyvis ganmar
ganmarte
martebis
tebis
`Tavi~, `TavisTavi~, `xma~, `dumili, mdumareba~, `sindisi~. erT--erTi
erT erTi saSu
saSua
Sualeba
leba sulxan
sulxan-
xan-sabas
sabas
`sityvis
sityvis kona
konaSi
naSi~
Si~
2) sul-
sul-is etimo
etimolo
mologi
logiu
giuri infor
informa
formacia
macia da
seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri
kuri ganvi
ganviTa
viTare
Tarebis
rebis safe
safexu
fexure
xurebi
rebi:
bi: 1. saleqsikono erTeulebis ganmartebisas sulxan-saba, ro-
qarT. sul-
sul- `sunis gamocema, sunva~; `suli, samSvinveli, su- gorc wesi, upiratesobas aniWebs analizur warmoebas, magali-
ni~; `qari~; Tad: `ubor jla _ `niS
uborjla
uborjla~ niSnis
niSnis dadeba iq, sadac mosalodneli
dadeba
deba~.
megr.-Wan., laz. Sur-
Sur `sunis gamocema, sunva~ < Sur-i
Sur `suli, iyo myari frazeologiuri Sesityveba, saba mas aRweriTi

78 79
warmoebiT cvlis mainc: `Se SeSi
SeSine ba _ `Si
Sineba
neba~ SiSis
SiSis mice ma da ara
micema
cema~ ÛÄÌÀÅÀË ÍÀßÉËÀÊÈÀ ÂÀÅÒÝÄËÄÁÉÓ ÀÒÄ ÃÀ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀ ÌÒÀÅÀË-
`Si
SiSis
SiSis dacema
cema~.
ma ×ÄÒÏÅÀÍÉ ÃÀ ÓáÅÀÃÓáÅÀÂÅÀÒÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ.
2. roca saqme gvaqvs polisemia-omonimiasTan, sulxan-saba ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÈÀ ãÂÖ×ÄÁÉ ÃÀ ßÀÒÌÏÌÀÅËÏÁÀ ÀÒÀÄÒÈÂÆÉÓ
saleqsikono erTeulis swored Zireul mniSvnelobas aniWebs ÉØÍÀ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ, ÈÖÌÝÀ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ ÛÄÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ, `ÆÏÂÉÓ
upiratesobas, da Sesabamisad mas analizuri formiT ganmar- ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀ ÍÀÈÄËÉ ÀÒÀÀ: ÙÄÍ, ÄÍÂÉ, ÂÏÌÍì, ÌÉÒ, àÖÒ...".
tavs: `Su
Suris
Suris-ge ba niSnavs `Su
ris geba
geba~ Suris
Suris mice mas da ara `Su
micemas
cemas~ Suris
Suris Zie
Zie- ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÀÒÀ×ÄÒÉÀ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉ ÂÉÍ ÍÀßÉËÀ-
bas analizur formaTa upiratesoba xSir SemTxvevaSi ganapi-
bas~. ÊÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÀÊÌÀÏà áÛÉÒÀà ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÌÄÔÚÅÄ-
robebs amgvari warmoebis xelovnurobasac, rac aSkarad Tval- ËÄÁÀÛÉ, ÊÄÒÞÏÃ, ËÀÛáÖÒÓÀ ÃÀ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÛÉ.
Si sacemia: `eRir
eRirsasa _ `Rir
eRirsa~ Rirsi
Rirsi mie ca da ara `Rir
mieca~ Rirsi
Rirsi gaxda
gaxda~.
xda ÂÉÍ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÌÉÅÀÊÖÈÅÍÏÈ ÄÌÏÝÉÖÒ-ÂÀÌÏÌÓÀáÅÄËÏ-
3. sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikonSi mainc gvxvdeba mice- ÁÉÈÉ (ÄØÓÐÒÄÓÉÖËÉ) ÉÄÒÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌáÀÔÅÄË ÍÀßÉËÀÊÈÀ ãÂÖ×Ó, ÅÉÍÀÉÃÀÍ
ma/dacema zmnasTan dakavSirebuli iseTi frazeologiuri Sesi- ÌÄÔ ÄØÓÐÒÄÓÉÖËÏÁÀÓ ÌÀÔÄÁÓ ÌÈÄË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÓ ÃÀ ÓÀÒÊÀÆÌÉÈ
tyvebani, romelTa saleqsikono erTeulic martivi nasaxelari ÂÀáÀÆÀÅÓ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖË ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÀÓ.
zmnaa: ÂÉÍ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÓ ÀÃÂÉËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÌÚÀÒÉ, ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ
`efi
eficaca anu `fi
efica~ fici
fici misca
misca~
sca ßÉÍ ÖÓßÒÄÁÃÄÓ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓ ÀÍ ÌÏÓÃÄÅÃÄÓ ÌÀÓ.
`Se
See
Se e Sina
Sina~
na anu `Si
SiSi
Si Si dae
da eca~
ca ÒÜÄÁÀ ÛÈÀÁÄàÃÉËÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌ ÉÂÉ ÖÛÖÀËÏà ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ
rogorc wesi, am tipis SesityvebebSi saxelad nawilad abstraq- ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖË ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÀÓ ÀÍÉàÄÁÓ ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖË ÍÉÖÀÍÓÓ (ÊÄÒÞÏÃ,
tuli saxelebi gamodian: ÓÀÒÊÀÆÌÓ, ÃÀÝÉÍÅÀÓ ÖÓÅÀÌÓ áÀÆÓ), ÈÖÌÝÀ, ÌÉÖáÄÃÀÅÀà ÀÌÉÓÀ, ÄÓ áÄËÓ
`eo ca _ `oc
eoca
eoca~ ocne
ocnebas
nebas mie
mieca~
ca ÀÒ ÖÛËÉÓ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ßÄÅÒÓ ÃÀÄÒÈÏÓ:
`da
daab
daabra la _ `bra
abrala
rala~ brali
brali mas dasdva
dasdva~
sdva Ñ'ÄÍÈÉÛÄ ËÀÂæÀÍÈÄ ËÄØæÄÌà ßéÒÍÉÀË ÂÉÍ (ËÛá.) `ßÉÈËÄÁÉ
abstraqtuli saxelis gverdiT Segvxvda konkretuli saxe- ÀÉÒÜÉÀ ÂÀÓÅÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÜÀÓÀÝÌÄËÀÃ".
lic: `Seferva~ anu `feri mieca~. ÁÏ×ÛÄÌ ÂÉÍ áÖÒÃÀ ËÀáÔÉá ØÀÙÀËÈÉ ÈÄÈÒÉ ÌÀÂÉÏÒ (ËÛá.)
`ÁÀÅÛÅÌÀ áÖÒÃÀ ÃÀÖÁÒÖÍÀ ØÀÙÀËÃÉÓ ×ÖËÉÓ ÌÀÂÉÄÒ".
áÀÔîËÃÀ ÃÄÃÄÓ ËéÌßÒÀà ÂÉÍ (ÜÏË.) `ÄÞÀáÃÀ ÃÄÃÀÓ ÂÀÌßÀÒÄ-
ÁÖËÉ".
ÂÉÍ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ßÉÍ ÖÓßÒÄÁÃÄÓ ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÓ, ÌÏÓÃÄÅÃÄÓ
nato SavreSiani
ÀÍ ÈÉÛÀÅÃÄÓ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÓÀ ÃÀ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÓ ÄÒÈÌÀÍÄÈÉÓÂÀÍ:
ÊÀÁÀÒ ÂÉÍ ÏáÚÉÃÀ ËÄÆÏÁíÒê ÌéØÀ× (ËÛá.) `ÊÀÁÄÁÉ ÖÚÉÃÉÀ
ÂÉÍ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÓÀàÌÄËÄÁÉÓ ÌÀÂÉÄÒ".
ÙéÒÃÀ ÂÉÍ ÛÔêÛÔÀæÀÒìË ËÀÊæêÒÉÄËÈÄ (ÜÏË.) `ÌÉÃÉÏÃÀ
ÌÀÒÔÏÃÌÀÒÔÏ ÓÀßÀÍßÀËÏÃ".
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ, ÉÓÄÅÄ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÓáÅÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ÄÍÄÁÉ, ÓÀÊÌÀÏà ÜÖ ÂÉÍ ÏáÔìáÀ ÌÀÒÈÄÍ (ËÛá.) `ÜÀÌÏÖßÄÅÉÀ ÔÏÔÉ".
ÌÃÉÃÀÒÉÀ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ ÌÀÈÂÀÍ ÍÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÈ. ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÂÉÍ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÓ ÀÃÂÉËÉ ÒÈÖË
ÍÀßÉËÀÊÈÀ ÓÉÌÒÀÅËÄÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÖÒÉ ÍÀÉÒÓÀáÄÏÁÄÁÉÝ ÂÀÍÀÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÓ. ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÃÀ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÍÉÖÀÍÓÄÁÉ.
ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À ÍÀßÉËÀÊÈÀ ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖËÉ ãÂÖ×ÄÁÉ, áÏËÏ ÀÌ ãÂÖ×ÄÁÛÉ

80 81
eTer Sengelia Suri
SuriSi facxua `sulis ganteveba, sikvdili.~
riSi facxua
SuriS
SuriS( Rura `sulis kvdoma (gardacvalebisa da sulis
riS(i) Rura
gruli Sur-i `suli
megru
megruli suli;
li; suni
suni~
ni~ sikvdil
sikvdil-
vdil-sico
sicocxli
cocxlisa
cxlisa wawymedis mniSvnelobiT)~.
da cxo
cxonebis
nebis seman
semanti
mantikis
tikis Semcvel
Semcvel fraze
frazeo
zeologiz
logizmeb
gizmebsa
mebsa riS(i) onafa
SuriS
SuriS( onafa `sulis wayvana (gayvana amqveynidan)~.
da idio
idiomatur
matur gamoTqmeb
gamoTqmebSi
TqmebSi
riS(i) oTama
SuriS
SuriS( oTama (Sursˆ o ooTansˆ)
oTansˆ) `suls Rafavs, kvdeba~,
zedmiw. .`sulis (ga)gdeba~.
megr. Sur-
Sur-i `suli; suni~ fuZe qmnis mraval semantikur
b) momak
momakvda
makvdavis
vdavis:
vis: Suri
SuriSi
riSi mala
malafu
lafu/
fu/Surma lafu `sulTambrZo-
Surmala
malafu
jgufs frazeologizmebsa da idiomatur gamoTqmebSi. maTgan
li~; `sulswrafi~` momakvdavi~.
gamovyofT mxolod im jgufebs, romlebSic megr. Sur- Sur-ი `su-
g) moma
momak
makvdineb
vdineblis
neblis:
lis: SuriS Ruru `momakvdinebeli~.
SuriS Ruru
lis~ mniSvnelobis Semcvelia. kerZod, sikvdil
sikvdil- -sico
si cxlisa da
vdil cocxlisa
cocxli
sico
sicocxlisa dakavSirebuli:
cocxlisa da masTan dakavSirebuli:
nebis semantikis mqoneT:
cxone
cxonebis
Suri
SuriSi
riSi alate teba `sulis SenarCuneba, gadarCena~.
alateba
sikvdi
sikvdilis
vdilisa
lisa da masTan dakavSirebuli:
dakavSirebuli:
Suri
SuriSi
riSi bumabuma `sicocxlis niSan-kvali~; `siCume~, zedmiw.
ა) gardacva
gardacvale
cvalebis
lebis:
bis:
Suri
SuriSi ryeba `sulis amoxdoma~, zedmiw. `sulis gayra~,
riSi garye
garyeba sulis (mo)Tqma~.
Suri
SuriS
riSi goteteba `sulis ganteveba~, `sikvdili~; `Zlieri
goteba Suri
SuriSi
riSi giSa
giSaRaRala `cocxlad darCena~; `gamorideba didi
SaRala
ndoma~; `sunis gamocema~. gansacdelisagan~.
Suri
SuriSi walua `sulis gafrTxoba (gardacvaleba)~; `wa-
riSi gonwa
gonwalua Suri
SuriSi
riSi damar
damarge geba `gadarCena~, zedmiw. `sulis damagreba~.
margeba
wymeda~; zedmiw. `sulis amyraleba~. Suri
SuriSi dguma `sicocxle~, zedmiw.`sulis dgma~.
riSi dguma
Suri
SuriSi
riSi gofar salua `sulis ganteveba~; `sikvdili~.
gofarsa
farsalua SuriS
SuriS( Txilua `sulis dacva wawymedisagan; sakuTari
riS(i) Txilua
SuriSi fiCxua `sulis gafrTxoba~.
riSi gofi
gofiCxua sicocxlis gafrTxileba~.
Sur(
Sur(i) goRvivi/n/tu `suli gaafrTxo~.
goRvi/ Suri inaRatˆ `mxolod suli udgas, fizikurad uZluria~.
Suri inaRatˆ
Suri
SuriSi
riSi inmadg
inmadgˆ mali `macocxlebeli~, zedmiw. `sulis Ca-
madgˆmali
riSi dაlიeba `sulis daleva~.
Suri
SuriSi
mdgmeli~.
Suri
SuriSi
riSi daTxi nafa `sulis amoxda~, zedmiw. `sulis da-
daTxina
Txinafa
Txovna~.
Suri
SuriSi
riSi inote teba `sicocxlis SenarCuneba~, zedmiw. `sulis
inoteba
Catoveba~.
Suri
SuriSi
riSi eSaRaRala `gardacvaleba~; `zedmetad, sulis amo-
eSaRala
svlamde Sewuxeba adamianisa~, zedmiw. `sulis amoReba~.
Suri
Suri inudgˆ
inudgˆni, meti vare `suliRa udgas, cocxalia.~
meti vare
Suri
SuriSi
ri Si miSad
mi Sadgu
Sadguguma
ma `sulis Cadgma, gacocxleba~.
Suri
SuriSi sorua `sulis amoZroba~, `sikvdili~.
riSi eSaso
eSasorua
Suri
SuriSi modgˆma `sicocxle~, `momjobineba~, gasaWiridan
riSi modgˆ
Suri
SuriSi Teba `sicocxlis daleva~, zedmiw. `sulis amocla~.
riSi eSaTe
eSaTeba
Tavis daRweva~.
Suri
SuriSi
riSi (eSა lafa `sulis amoxdoma~; `sulswrafoba~, zed-
eSა)lafa
SuriS
SuriS(
riS(i) moka Tafa `sulis mobruneba, mosuliereba~.
mokaTa
kaTafa
miw. `sulis amovardna~.
Suri
Suri ondeT
ondeT gilu luRu `dauZlurebuli, usaxsro Zlivs/ga-
giluRu
Suri
SuriSi
riSi wirua `sicocxlis dasasruli~, zedmiw. `sulis
eSawi
eSawirua
WirvebiT arsebobs, zedmiw. `suls Zlivs daatarebs~.
amowurva~.
Sur( tibu re `suli Tbilia, tkbilia (sicocxlis mo-
Sur(i) tibu
Suri
SuriSi
riSi mebareba `sulis mibareba, gardacvaleba~.
mebare
bareba
surnea)~.
Suri
SuriSi
riSi nTqalua `sulis Rafva~; `kvdoma~.
nTqalua
Suri
SuriSi
riSi qanqi qini `sulis odnavi Zraoba, rxeva~.
qanqini

82 83
 Suri
SuriSi
riSi Ra la `suldgmuloba, sicocxle~; `sunTqva~, zed-
Rala debis problema qarTulSi~, qarTuli enis pirveli mecnieruli
miw. `sulis tareba~. sintaqsi da, amave dros, pirveli struqturuli sintaqsi enaT-
Suri
SuriSi
riSi dinod
dinodgu mu `sulis Camdgmeli, macocxlebeli.~
gumu
nodgu mecnierebis istoriaSi. es iyo mTeli universitetisa da qarTu-
Surdg
Sur dgmu `cocxa li~, zedmiw. `sulCadgmuli~.
cocxali
cxali~, li mecnierebis dResaswauli. TvalsaCino gaxda, rom qarTul me-
zedmiw. `sulis gamotana~. cnierebas didi Zala Seemata da isic, rom qarTul universi-
cxoneb
cxonebi
nebisa da masTan dakavSirebuli:
dakavSirebuli: tets SeeZlo umaRlesi kvalifikaciis kadrebis aRzrda.
Suri
SuriSi
riSi ganaTeTeba `sulis naTelSi yofna~.
ganaTeba sadisertacio naSromis oficialuri oponentebi iyvnen
Suri
SuriSi kurTxua `sulis kurTxeva~.
riSi kurTxua profesorebi a. SaniZe da g. axvlediani (arn. Ciqobavas maswav-
Suri
SuriSi
riSi moSi
moSina
Sinafa
nafa/Sina `sulis xseneba~.
fa/Sina leblebi). maT maRali Sefaseba misces sadisertacio naSroms,
Suro
Surobua qore `sulis cxoneba, sicocxle (ki) arsebobs~.
robua qore rogorc epoqalur movlenas enaTmecnierebaSi. msjelobaSi mona-
Suri
SuriS
riSi Cxona nafa `sulis cxoneba~.
Cxonafa wileoba miiRes cnobilma qarTvelma mecnierebma: S. nucubiZem,
Suri
SuriSi
riSi marsxe beli `sulis damxsneli~.
marsxebe
sxebeli d. uznaZem, m. gogiberiZem, v. Tofuriam... yvela SekiTxvasa Tu
Suri
SuriSi Sine `sulis mxsenebeli, momxsenebeli, momgonebeli~.
riSi maSi
maSine SeniSvnas moxdenili, brwyinvale pasuxebi gasca disertantma.
Suri
SuriSi
riSi maCxo
maCxona fali `sulis macxovnebeli~.
Cxonafa
nafali S. nucubiZe aRtacebas ver malavda...
moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba leqsikur erTeulTa disertaciis dacva uCveulod didxans _ daaxloebiT rva sa-
struqturul-semantikuri analizi. aTs _ gagrZelebula. iv. javaxiSvili Tavidan bolomde eswreboda
dacvas da pirvelma miuloca arn. Ciqobavas doqtoris xarisxi,
romelic samecniero sabWom mas erTxmad mianiWa (a. kikviZe).

XLVI.. gamoCenili bioqimikosi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

vaJa Sengelia
akademiis vice-prezidenti, akademikosi s. durmiSiZe, romelic
arn. Ciqobavas pirovnebisa da misi Rvawlis didi damfasebeli
fragmen
fragmente
mentebi
tebi mogo
mogone
gonebi
nebidan
bidan akade
akademi
demikos
mikos
iyo, 1987 wels gamocemul mogonebaTa wignSi `zogi ram warsu-
arnold
arnold Ciqo
Ciqoba
qobava
bavaze
vaze.
ze. XLV_L
lidan~ (meore gamocema) aRniSnavs: `akademikosi arnold Ciqo-
bava wlebis ganmavlobaSi prezidiumis wevri iyo. yvela mniS-
XLV.. 1918 wels iv. javaxiSvilis TaosnobiT daarsda Tbi-
vnelovani sakiTxis ganxilvisas gamoTqvamda Tavis safuZvlian
lisis universiteti, pirveli universiteti kavkasiis miwa-wyal-
azrs, logikurad gamarTulsa da mudam sainteresos... arnold
ze. pirveli gamoSveba universitets 1922 wels hqonda. kurs-
Ciqobava ivane javaxiSvilis skolis erovnuli moRvawe iyo, ro-
damTavrebulTa Soris iyo arn. Ciqobava (masTan erTad _ Se-
melsac kargad moexseneboda deda enis mniSvneloba eris meobis
mdgomSi gamoCenili mecnierebi: s. janaSia, v. Tofuria, k. baqra-
SenarCunebisaTvis, qarTuli saliteraturo enis roli qarTu-
Ze, S. amiranaSvili...).
li enis istoriuli da awindeli erTianobisaTvis~.
1929 wels Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi samecniero
batoni arnoldic, Tavis mxriv, did pativs scemda akademi-
sabWos sxdomaze pirvelma universitetis kursdamTavrebulTagan
kos sergi durmiSiZes ara marto rogorc gamoCenil mecniers,
sadoqtoro disertacia daicva arn. Ciqobavam. disertaciad
aramed rogorc Cinebul moqarTules, rac kargad Canda mis sa-
warmodgenili iyo 1928 wels gamocemuli wigni `martivi winada-

84 85
jaro gamosvlebSi, sagazeTo werilebsa Tu mogonebebSi. er- XLVIII.. arn. Ciqobava aqtiuri sazogado moRvawe iyo, rome-
Txel arn. Ciqobava sagangebod swvevia mas akademiis prezidium- lic yuradRebas aqcevda Cveni cxovrebis yvela mxares. meore
Si (maSin b-ni sergi akademikos-mdivani iyo da akademiis prezi- msoflio omis mimdinareobisas (1941 wels) daibeWda misi bro-
dentis aryofnaSi mas cvlida) da qarTuli enisadmi faqizi Sura `faSizmi progresis uarmyoflobaa~, romelSic gaanali-
damokidebulebisa da weris gamorCeuli, daxvewili stilis zebulia faSizmis ideologiuri safuZvlebi da warmoCenilia
gamo madloba uTqvams (amasTan, misTvis Cveuli pirdapirobiT is didi safrTxe, rasac is kacobriobas uqmnida. mecnieri xaz-
usayvedurebia Cacmulobis gamo, radgan zafxulis did sicxeSi gasmiT aRniSnavda, rom faSizmis mier uaryofilia Tanamedrove
pijaki hqonia gaxdili da halstuxi moxsnili: Tqvengan amas ar msoflios ori ZiriTadi monapovari _ gonebis Zalisa da ada-
movelodi, ar SeiZleba akademikosi mokle saxeloebiani da mianis uflebaTa aRiareba (igulisxmeba, rogorc erTa Soris,
gulgaReRili perangiT kabinetSi ijdeso _ s. durmiSiZis mo- ise TviT erTi eris SigniT Tanasworoba). faSizmisaTvis misa-
gonebidan). Rebia ara mTlianad mecnieruli azri, aramed mxolod is, rac
b-n arnolds Zalian moswonda s. durmiSiZis mogonebaTa teqnikis miRwevebs uwyobs xels; misTvis miuRebelia adamianis
wigni, romlis pirveli gamocema b-ni sergis TxovniT Sin mivu- uflebaTa Tanasworoba. raki `ideu ideuri progre
progresi
resi mecni
mecnie
cnieruli
ruli
tane. waikiTxa da saTanado Sefasebac misca: `sergi durmiSiZe azri
azrisa
risadmi
sadmi rwmeni
rwmeniTa
niTa da adami
adamia
mianis uflebaTa aRia
aRiarebiT
rebiT xasi
xasi-
si-
gamoCenili mkvlevaria, kalamic uWris. aseTi saintereso wigni- aTde ba~, faSizmi unda Sefasdes rogorc reaqcia, regresi.
aTdeba
deba~
saTvis madloba eTqmis... kargi wignia, niWierad da kargi qar-
TuliT dawerili, mxatvruli nawarmoebiviT ikiTxeba~. XLIX.. arn. Ciqobava 50-ian wlebSi arCeuli iyo saqarTve-
los umaRlesi sabWos deputatad senakidan. erTxel senakSi
XLVII.. arn. Ciqobava mecnierebisadmi uangaro da Tavdade- amomrCevlebTan Sexvedraze b-ni arnoldi gamovida sityviT, bu-
buli samsaxuris magaliTs iZleoda. xSirad uTqvams: WeSmariti nebrivia _ qarTulad. Sexvedraze myofi rusi qalbatoni mi-
mecnieri pirnaTlad unda emsaxuros mecnierebas da ara imsaxu- marTavs b-n arnolds: Tqveni gamosvla iyo qarTulad, romelic
ros mecnierebaSio... me ar mesmis. kargi iyo rusulad gelaparakaT... b-nma arnoldma
p. ingoroyvas quCis rva nomerSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi, aka- upasuxa: aq damswre sazogadoebis didma nawilma icis qarTu-
demiis prezidiumTan erTad, ramdenime samecniero dawesebule- li, Cveni respublikis saxelmwifo ena, amave dros, bevri maTga-
ba iyo, maT Soris _ enaTmecnierebis instituti. roca b-ni ar- ni ar flobs rusuls... xom ar ajobebda qarTuli geswavlaT.
noldi Semovidoda SenobaSi, yvela (axalgazrda, xandazmuli...) es iqneboda pativiscemis gamoxatuleba Cveni respublikisa da
cdilobda derefani swrafad daetovebina da samuSao magidas qarTveli xalxis mimarT.
dabruneboda...
erTxelac institutis axalgazrda TanamSromlebi institu- L.. qarTuli enis siwmindis dacva arn. Ciqobavas moRvaweo-
tis derefanSi videqiT da raRacaze (ara mecnierul sakiTxze) bis umniSvnelovanesi mxare iyo. mecniers miaCnda, rom am saqme-
cxared vkamaTobdiT. moulodnelad b-ni arnoldi gamoCnda. da- Si aucilebelia TiToeuli adamianis, mTeli qveynis monawile-
vibeniT da oTaxebSi Sesvla ver movaswariT. mkacrad gviTxra: oba. mniSvnelovania beWdviTi organos roli...
derefanSi dgoma ar aris institutSi muSaobis forma! 1953 wels senakis gazeTi `avangardi~ iubiles aRniSnavda.
bunebrivia, Zalian uxerxulad vigrZeniT Tavi... saiubileo TariRTan dakavSirebiT gazeTis 7 ivnisis nomerSi

86 87
gamoqveynda arn. Ciqobavas werili `raionuli gazeTi salite- lia, rom ruseT-saqarTvelos ukanaskneli samxedro-politiku-
raturo enis sadarajoze~. mecnieri dadebiTad afasebs gazeTis ri bataliebis Semdgom kodoris xeoba daicala mosaxleobis-
enas: `gazeT `avangardis~ ena sxva raionuli gazeTebisas odna- gan, romelic dRes ltolvilis statusiT daqsaqsulad cxov-
dac ar Camouvardeba... Cans, redaqcia seriozulad ekideba enis robs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, sxvadasxva enobriv gare-
siwmindis sakiTxs. es cxadad etyoba masalas, romelic adgi- mocvaSi).
lobriv cxovrebas exeba da romlisTvisac mxolod redaqcias digitalizebuli video-audio aparaturiT adgilze mopo-
ekisreba pasuxismgebloba~. vebuli masalebis lingvokulturologiurma analizma gviCvena
amasTan erTad, arn. Ciqobava miuTiTebs zog orTografiul Semdegi Sedegebi:
da stilistikur Secdomaze, rac gazeTis sxvadasxva nomerSi 1. TiTqmis saukunenaxevris win kodoris xeobaSi Casax-
aRmoCnda, usurvebs `redaqcias ukeTesad emuSaos, kerZod gaze- ldnen mestiis regionis svanebi TurqeTSi iZulebiT
Tis ena gaeumjobesebinos: sanimuSo qarTuliT eweros~. mecnie- gadasaxlebul muhajir afxazTa nacvlad. es teritoria
ri urCevs raionis maswavleblebs sistematurad miadevnon 2008 wlis 10 agvistomde moicavda 17 sofels, rom-
Tvalyuri gazeTis enas da yvela SeniSvna enis Sesaxeb redaqci- lebSic mimdinareobda balszemour da balsqvemour di-
as miawodon... aleqtTa urTierTSejvareba. interinterfe
terferen
ferenci
renciis
ciis proce
procesi
cesi,
si,
ZiriTadad, Seexo fonetika-fonologias, morfologia-
sa da leqsikas.
2. amgvar metyvelebaze garkveuli gavlena moaxdina saxel-
mwifo enam. garda saliteraturo qarTulisa, kodo-
iza CantlaZe
relTa metyvelebaSi ramdenadme aisaxa kontaqtebi
afxazur da rusul enebTan. ase rom, saxezea diglo
diglo-
lo-
svanu
svanuri
nuri enis dia
dialeqtu
leqturi
turi
sia-
sia-bilin
bilingviz
gvizmis
lingviz mis movle
movlene
nebi
bi.
vlenebi .
dife
diferen
ferenci
rencire
cirebi
rebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis
3. Tavis mxriv, svanurma fonetikamac gaurTula saqme me-
umwerlobo svanur enaze metyvelebs saqarTvelos sami xeo- grel da afxaz rZlebsa Tu siZeebs _ svanurad metyve-
bis (enguri, kodori, cxeniswyali) mosaxleoba. maT Soris qar- lebisas maT Zalian uWirT umlautiani da grZeli xmov-
Tvel da ucxoel eTnolingvistTa mier fundamenturadaa gamo- nebis, agreTve, faringaluri ƒ Tanxmovnis warmoTqma,
kvleuli zemo da qvemosvanuri dialeqtebi, xolo kodorel radganac amgvar fonemebs moklebulia megruli da
svanTa metyveleba dRemde faqtiurad Seuswavleli iyo. afxazuri.
saqar
saqarTve
qarTvelos
Tvelos erovnu
erovnuli
nuli samec
samecni
mecnie
niero fondi
fondisa
disa da saer
saerTa
erTa-
Ta- 4. SeiniSneba gramatikul movlenaTa gaerTmniSvnelianebis,
Sori
Soriso
riso proeq
proeqti
eqtis
tis (ECLinG) finan
finansu
nansuri
suri mxarda WeriT sami wlis
mxardaWe
daWeriT rTuli viTarebidan martivisaken gadasvlis, bruneba-
ganmavlobaSi sagangebod SeviswavleT mdinare kodoris zemo uRlebis araerTi morfemidan TiTo-orolas damkvidre-
welis (resp. dalis) mosaxleobis metyveleba inter
interdis
terdiscip
discipli
ciplina
lina-
na- bis (uni
unifor
uniforma
formaci is tendenciebi.
maciis
ciis)
ruli
ruli Tvalsaz risiT da gamoveciT 836 gverdis moculobis
Tvalsazri
sazrisiT 5. kodoris xeobis zemo welis mcxovrebTa Soris gansa-
akademiuri naSromi `kodo
kodoru
doruli
ruli qroni
qronike bi~ gasul wels, ri-
nikebi
kebi~ kuTrebuli yuradReba miiqcia as wels gadacilebul
Tac faqtiurad gadavarCineT iqauri svanuri daRupvas (cnobi- mxcovanTa metyvelebam, sadac Tavs iCens genderuli

88 89
 problema _ qalTa mier gamoyenebul leqsikasa Tu Zmail-am am qalil-am
am, am...),
am zanurSi (megrulSi) aseve gaqvavebul Se-
gramatikul formebSi Warbobs arqa arqaiz
qaizme bi romelTac
izmebi
mebi, sityvebebSi (RoronT-ume ume `RmerTmani~, mard-ume ume `madlma~...),
gansazRvravs informatorT socialuri yofa. xolo maTi svanuri ekvivalenti -(em em saxeobiT dRemde aqtiu-
em)
6. svanu
svanuri
nuri iberi
iberiul
riul-
ul-kavka
kavkasi
kasiur
siur enaTa
enaTa ojaxis
ojaxis erT-
erT-erTi
erTi rad funqcionirebs saxelTa brunebaSi; b) s.-qarTv. *-g g-e
e, rome-
ria romelic qarTvelur enaTa Soris yvelaze meti
wevria
wevria, lic rudimentis saxiT gamoiyofa mama-ge ge Toli-ge
ge, ge tipis qar-
ge...
arqaulobiT gamoirCeva.. igi oTx dia dialeqts moi
moicavs,
cavs, Tul formebSi, rasac zanurSi dRemde moqmedi ergativis -qq
magram mas Semdeg, rac gamowvlilviT SeviswavliT ro- markeri Seesatyviseba (Sdr. misi mJReri g alomorfi Rorond-
gorc kodoruli, ise Coluruli interferencirebuli g-ŠŠ//‹
‹ `Tu RmerTi gwams~ formaSi); g) s.-qarTv. *-i… i… Sdr. Zv.
i…,
metyvelebis specifikas, SesaZloa balszemour, balsqve- qarT. RmrT-iv iv frƒ-iv
iv, iv...
iv
mour (zemo svaneTi), laSxur da lentexur (qvemo sva- 2. saerToqarTveluri micemiTic sxvadasxva markerebiT iyo
neTi) dialeqtebs daematos kidev ori lingvisturi er- warmodgenili: a) s.-qarTv. *-an an b) s.-qarTv. *-(aa-)s
an, s, g) s.-qarTv.
Teuli kodoruli (zemosvanuri) da Coluruli (qve- *-(aa)…
…. es ukanaskneli naSTis saxiT (gaqvavebuli formiT) Semo-
mosvanuri) metyvelebis saxiT; manamanama
namade
made am saki
sakiTx
kiTxze
Txze rCenilia qarTul zmnisarTebSi odn-av av kul-av
av, av ficxl-av
av, av...),
av
msjelo
msjeloba
loba naad
naadre via Tumca, samwuxarod, specialur
adrevia
revia, romlis Sesatyvisad svanurSi moqmedi odenTanxmovnuri
literaturaSi araerTxel gakeTda dausabuTebeli, ze- … (←*a…?) sufiqsi daCndeba, Sdr.: ƒan-…
-… … // ƒan-ss `xars~, xam-… …
rele gancxadebebi am TvalsazrisiT ukanasknel xanebSi. // xam-ss `Rors~...
7. saxelmwifo Tu saliteraturo enebisgan gasamijnavad daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi: is suraTi, rac
svanuris msgavs umwerlobo erTeulebs SeiZleba vuwo- svanuri enis brunebaSi gamoikveTeba, anareklia saerToqarTve-
doT regi
regio
gionuli
nuli enebibi, raTa isini zogi eTnolingvis-
enebi, luri rTuli sistemisa, romelsac brunebis ramdenime tipi
tis ukidegano fantaziiT warmosaxuli dialeqtTa sa- axasiaTebda. am TvalsazrisiT Zvirfas masalas warmogvidgens
ocari konglomeratis wevrebi ar gaxdnen. qarTvelur enaTa zmnisarTis istoriul-genezisuri Seswavla.

merab Cuxua nineli WoxoneliZe

brune
brunebis
nebis praqar
praqarTve
qarTvelu
Tveluri
luri siste
sistemis
temis SuSut
SuSut-
Sut-sityvis
sityvis omoni
omonimu
nimuri
muri cale
calebis
lebis isto
istori
torii
riisaTvis
saTvis
zogi
zogi saki
sakiTxi
kiTxisa
TxisaTvis
saTvis qarTu
qarTuli
Tuli enis dia
dialeqteb
leqtebSi
tebSi
kvlevis am etapze SevexebiT zogierTi brunvis markirebis 1. qarTlur dialeqtSi SuSu SuSuti
Suti\
ti\a, SurSu
SurSuta
Suta,
ta, SuSru
SuSruta
rutana
tana
problemas saerToqarTvelur fuZe-enaSi: ,,mosulelo, WkuaTxeli adamianis~ mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba. dau-
1. saerToqarTveluri ergativis niSnad SesaZlebeli Cans fiqrebeli laparaki icoda, vinc S u S u t i iyo (arad.). ar ma-
erTdroulad sami formantis rekonstruqcia. esenia: a) s.-qarTv. mewona isamianT siZe, S u S u t a rama Cans (wilk.); agreTve at.,
*-(aa)mm, romelic SemogvrCa qarTulSi daficebis formebSi (dedil-aam, axalS., d. Ton., zer.). Se S u r S u t o , Sena, qmari gagilanZRes

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da araferi Tqvi? (mer.). ra S u S r u t a n a s e e f irjebi! (zer.). irma xaramiSvili
(T. berozaSvili, m. mesxiSvili, l. nozaZe).
vfiqrobT, rom SuSuti\a ← SurSu
SuSuti
Suti\ SurSuti
Suti; Suti ki Zveli
ti SurSu
SurSuti inter
interfe
terferen
ferenci
renciu
ciuli movle
movlene
vlenebi
nebisa
bisaTv
saTvis
Tvis
qarTuliseuli sursu sutis ,,uRirsis, uwesos, dasacinis~ (s → S)
sursutis megrul
megrulSi
grulSi
fonetikuri cvlilebiT miviReT.
nu egre ggonies mƒevali Seni, viTarca dedakaci erTi interferenciuli movlenebis Seswavla SesaZlebelia sxva-
asulTagani s u r s u t T a  (III mf. 1, 16). dasxva kuTxiT. erT-erTia TviT erTi sametyvelo kodis SigniT
Sdr. Turquli sarsak, sursak, sursuk ,,mouqneli, uSno~. e. w. gardamavali, narevi metyvelebis dafiqsireba. cnobilia,
2. sursu
suti ,,mouTmenelis, sulwasulis~ SinaarsiT das-
sursuti rom megrulis kiloebad dayofisas gamoiyofa dasavluri (ga-
turdeba imerulSi. am SemTxvevaSi ki, Cveni azriT, sur-fuZis
sur li, zugdidi, walenjixa), aRmosavluri (senaki, abaSa, martvili)
(surs ,,survili aqvs risame, swadia, unda) reduplikaciiT, da centraluri arealis metyveleba. megruli metyvelebis `Se-
r-r>r-t unda migveRo zemodasaxelebuli sityva. Sdr. surbu surbu-
bu- reuli~ bunebis gamosavlenad mniSvnelovania centraluri are-
ta suncici, WamaSi sulwasuli (leCxumuri, alaviZe). alis monacemebi, radgan igi moqceulia danarCen ors Soris.
3. mTis dialeqtebSi SuSu
SuSuti ti\a 1. nestos, 2. milis mniSvne-
Suti\ moxseneba exeba interferenciuli movlenebis analizs xobis
lobiT ixmareba. SuSu Suti ƒ., SuSu
SuSuti Suta moƒ., nesto, SuSu
SuSuta SuSuta
Suta raionis masalis mixedviT, romelic Caweril iqna 2010 wlis
T. Rruiani ram, luliani xe an balaxi, vTqvaT dudgula. Su- Su- zafxulsa da Semodgomaze lingvisturi eqspediciis dros. ma-
Suta mT. variis sulis saqcevi, dudgulisa (a. SaniZe). qarT-
Suta sala moicavs sakuTriv xobis raions da amave raionis 4 so-
lurSi ki SuSu Suto naxvretia sadRveblisa, haeris samoZraod.
SuSuto fels (axali xibula, sajijao, bia da nojixevi). informatorTa
sadRobels CasaxedavaTa, sulismosaqcevaTa qonda S u S u t o asaki 42-87 wlebis farglebSia. masala Janrobrivad mravalfe-
(baz.) (T. berozaSvili, m. mesxiSvili, l. nozaZe). aqac fuZis rovania, qronometraJi _ 6 saaTi.
saanalizo masalis farglebSi narevi metyvelebis fiqsacia
reduplikaciasTan unda gvqondes saqme ∗SutSuta→SuSu
SutSuta
Suta→SuSuta
Suta;
ta
niSnavs rogorc dasavluri, ise aRmosavluri arealisTvis da-
spirantebis s→S monacvleoba damaxasiaTebeli procesia rogorc
maxasiaTebeli formebis arsebobas. am ukanasknelis morfolo-
Zveli qarTulisaTvis ise dialeqtebisaTvis, mag.: sinjavs →
giuri monacemebis mixedviTaa gaformebuli
Sinjavs, qisti → qiSti, nesto → neSto, ustvens → uStvens
• saxelis micemiTi brunva da S.3 piris niSani zmnaSi:
da sxv. Sut-
Sut-warmomavlobiT ki igive unda iyos rac sityvebSi
ko-s `kacs~, xu-s `mxars~, simin-s `siminds~; meurs
ne-stu ,,arteria, vena~, ne-stu-ferdi ,,filtvi~ gamoyofili sa-
`midis~, rkians `kivis~; orive arealis monacemebi pa-
erToqarTveluri ∗s,tu-Ziri, romlis Sesatyvisi Cans, megr. ralelur formebad dasturdeba
Svit- _ mi-Svit-ia ,,cxviri~, svan. St- ne-St-r-l ,,nestoebi~
• i da ˆ xmovnebis gamoyenebisas: rCundes || rCˆndes
(h. fenrixi, z. sarjvelaZe).
`Zarcvavdnen~, Cqi || Cqˆ `Cven~;
• dezafrkatizacisas: Wkuji || Wkudi `WurWeli~, orcxonji ||
orcxondi `savarcxeli~, Wanji || Wandi `buzi~;
• reduqciisas: mandarina || mandarna `mandarini~,
• saxelTa mravlobiTis gamoxatvisas: did-ef-q `dideb-

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 ma~, baRan-en-q `bavSvebma~, mezobel-em-q `mezoblebma~. savali, anu gasavleli _ gza. qristianuli swavlebiT,
• sporadulad dasturdeba saxelis fuZesa da brun- adamianis cxovreba es aris mzadeba amqveyniuri, `wuTisofli-
vis niSans Soris TanxmovanTgamyari i, riTac xobis dan~ maradiulobaSi gadasvlisaTvis, `gardacvalebisaTvis~, es
raionis megruli emijneba dasavluri arealisTvis aris gza `Sinisaken~.
damaxasiaTebeli saxelTa brunebis paradigmuli ga- swored am swavlebis dadasturebaa Zvel qarTul teq-
sworebis tendencias. stebSi (fsalmunebsa da bibliis sakiTxavebSi) damowmebuli ma-
galiTebi: `zrunvaTagan da simdidrisa da gemoTagan amis sof-
lisaTa v l e n e d da SeaSTvian...~ luka 8, 14; `s v l a T a -
e b r misTa miagos maT (ufalman)~ 0, ovse 12,2; `arRa siyua-
ruliT h x u a l~ hrom. 14, 15...
nino xaxiaSvili rogorc cnobilia, bibliis teqstebSi s v l a ZiriTad
mniSvnelobasTan erTad (`moZraoba-siaruli~), berZnulisa da
svla zmnis erTi
erTi mniSvne
mniSvnelo
vnelobi
lobisa
bisaTvis
saTvis ebraulis gavleniT (septuagintaSi da mere axal aRTqmaSic)
aRniSnavs `cxovrebas~, `saqciels~, `yofa-qcevas~... swored amis
qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT, svla nimuSebia zemoTmoyvanili ilustraciebi.
aris `1. moZraoba raime mimarTulebiT; siaruli... 2. mimdinare- sagulisxmoa, rom es msoflmxedveloba asaxulia xalxur
oba, msvleloba (droisa). JamTa svla. 3. morigi gadaadgileba zepirsityvierebaSic: `bindisferia sofeli, ufro da ufro
(figurisa _ WadrakSi da misT.)... Sdr. mavali, navali, savali, binddeba, ra aris Cveni sicocxle, CitiviT gagvifrindeba... ima-
uvali~. sac mokled u v l i a, vinc grZlad, egona, i a r a~... agreTve
samecniero literaturaSi s v l a zmnasTan dakavSirebiT iseT gamonaTqvamebSi, rogoricaa: cxovrebis gza, wuTisoflis
gamoTqmulia mravali saintereso Tvalsazrisi; s v l a zmnis mgzavri... da a. S.
fuZesTan mimarTebiT ganixilavdnen iseT leqsikur erTeulebs,
rogoricaa: warmavali, mimavali, momavali, sruli, aRsasruli,
guale, xvale, kvali da a. S.
rac Seexeba am ukanasknels (kvals), qeTevan lomTaTiZe
aRniSnavda: `...sarwmuno unda iyos, rom s v l a zmnis sawarmoe-
beli val-
val amosavali edos safuZvlad (k k- darTul) kval si-
tyvas, romelic `navalze~ unda miuTiTebdes... rom svla zmnis
fuZesTan aseTi dakavSireba savsebiT SesaZlebelia, naTeli xde-
ba megrulis monacemebiTac. i. yifSiZes megrulSi `gzis~ mniS-
vnelobiT miTiTebuli aqvs olˆ,olˆ romelsac iqve sxva adgilas
ase ganmartavs: "надлежащий прохождению (путь, дорога"). WanurSi
ki swored kvalis mniSvnelobiT imave val amosavlidan aRniS-
nulia `no-veli~ (arn. Ciqobava)~.

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