8 Practico-Grupo 8
8 Practico-Grupo 8
8 Practico-Grupo 8
PRÁCRICO #8
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES DE ORDEN SUPERIOR
INTEGRANTES:
DOCENTE:
MATERIA:
➢ Ecuaciones Diferenciales
𝑦(0) = 1 ; 𝑦 𝐼 (0) = 2
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
𝑦= + ∙ 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥 (𝑦 ∙ 𝑙𝑛𝑥) 𝑥(1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥)
3. 𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑪𝟑 𝑺𝒆𝒏𝒙 𝒆𝒏 (−∞; +∞) ; 𝒚𝑰𝑰𝑰 + 𝒚𝑰 = 𝟎 𝒔𝒊 𝒚(𝝅) = 𝟎
𝒚𝑰 (𝝅) = 𝟐 ; 𝒚𝑰𝑰 (𝝅) = −𝟏
Por lo tanto
𝑟3 + 𝑟 = 0 Factor común
𝑟=0 𝑟2 + 1 = 0
𝑟 2 = −1
𝑟 = √−1
𝑟=𝑖 Cuando se tiene un número imaginario, el modelo de “r”
es: 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖
Solución
𝑦(𝜋) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝜋 ∧ 𝑦 = 0
0 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 cos (𝜋) + 𝐶3 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜋)
0 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 (−1) + 𝐶3 (0)
0 = 𝐶1 − 𝐶2
Derivar la función para reemplazar la otra condición
𝑦 ′ (𝜋) = 2 ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝜋 ∧ 𝑦′ = 2
2 = −𝐶2 sen(𝜋) + 𝐶3 cos (𝜋)
2 = −𝐶2 (0) + 𝐶3 (−1)
−2 = 𝐶3
Derivar de nuevo la función
𝑦 ′′ (𝜋) = −1 ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝜋 ∧ 𝑦 ′′ = −1
−1 = −𝐶2 cos (𝜋) + 𝐶3 (−sen(𝜋))
−1 = −𝐶2 (−1) + 𝐶3 (0)
−1 = 𝐶2
Con las “C” halladas elaboramos un Sistemas de Ecuaciones
0 = 𝐶1 − 𝐶2 𝐼
{ −2 = 𝐶3 𝐼𝐼
−1 = 𝐶2 𝐼𝐼𝐼
Reemplazar III en I
0 = 𝐶1 − 𝐶2
0 = 𝐶1 − (−1)
0 = 𝐶1 + 1
𝐶1 = −1
Por lo tanto 𝐶1 = −1 ⋀ 𝐶2 = −1 ⋀ 𝐶3 = −2
4. 𝒙, 𝒙𝟐 , 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑀é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 1 ∶
𝑦1 = 𝑥 ; 𝑦2 = 𝑥 2 ; 𝑦3 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2
4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑦3
4𝑦1 − 𝑦2 = 𝑦3
𝑀é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 2 ∶
𝑛 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝐶1 𝑦1 + 𝐶2 𝑦2 + 𝐶3 𝑦3 = 0
𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥 2 + 𝐶3 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0
𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥 2 + 𝐶3 4𝑥 − 𝐶3 𝑥 2 = 0
𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥 2 + 4𝐶3 𝑥 − 𝐶3 𝑥 2 = 0
(𝐶1 + 4𝐶3 )𝑥 + (𝐶2 − 𝐶3 )𝑥 2 = 0
𝐶 + 4𝐶3 = 0
{ 1 𝐶3 = 1
𝐶2 − 𝐶3 = 0
𝐶1 + 4 ∙ 1 = 0 → 𝐶1 + 4 = 0 → 𝐶1 = −4
𝐶2 − 𝐶3 = 0 → 𝐶2 − 1 = 0 → 𝐶2 = 1
∴ 𝐿𝑎 𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝐿. 𝐷.
5. 𝑪𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒙), 𝟏, 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 (𝒙)
𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑊𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑜:
𝑦1 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) ; 𝑦2 = 1 ; 𝑦3 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥)
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3
𝐼 𝐼 𝐼
𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 ) = | 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 |
𝐼𝐼 𝐼𝐼 𝐼𝐼
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3
(0 + 8𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥)𝑆𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) + 0)
8𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥)𝑆𝑒𝑛(𝑥)𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) = 1
((−4𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) ∙ 0 ∙ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥)) + (0 ∙ (−2𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥)𝑆𝑒𝑛(𝑥)) ∙ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝑥))
+ (1 ∙ (−2𝑆𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)) ∙ 2(𝑆𝑒𝑛2 (𝑥) − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥))))
6. 𝒆𝒙 , 𝒆−𝒙 , 𝑺𝒆𝒏𝒉(𝒙)
𝑦1 = 𝑒 𝑥 ; 𝑦2 = 𝑒 −𝑥 ; 𝑦3 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛ℎ(𝑥)
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3
𝐼 𝐼 𝐼
𝑊(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 ) = | 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 |
𝑦1𝐼𝐼 𝑦2𝐼𝐼 𝑦3𝐼𝐼
𝑒𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛ℎ(𝑥)
𝑊(𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑆𝑒𝑛ℎ(𝑥)) = |𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠ℎ(𝑥)|
𝑒𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛ℎ(𝑥)
7. 𝑫𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎 𝑫 = 𝟎
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝐼𝐼 + 10𝑦 𝐼 = 0 ; 𝐷= 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑑𝑥
𝐷1 = 0 ; 𝐷2 = −10
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝐷1𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 𝐷2 𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑒 𝐷3 𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝐶𝑛 𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑥
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜 3. 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟.
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 0𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −10𝑥 ; 𝑦 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −10𝑥
8. 𝑫𝟒 + 𝟓𝑫𝟑 + 𝑫𝟐 = 𝟏
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 (4) + 5𝑦 𝐼𝐼𝐼 + 𝑦 𝐼𝐼 = 1 ; 𝐷= 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑑𝑥
𝐷 4 + 5𝐷 3 + 𝐷 2 = 1 ; 𝐷 2 (𝐷2 + 5𝐷 + 1) = 1
−5 + √21 −5 − √21
𝐷1 = 0 ; 𝐷2 = ; 𝐷3 =
2 2
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜 3. 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟.
−5+√21 −5−√21
𝑦 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑒 2 + 𝐶3 𝑒 2
𝟐
9. (𝑫𝟐 + 𝟐) (𝑫 + 𝟑) = 𝟎
(𝐷 2 + 2)2 = 0 ; (𝐷 + 3) = 0
2
𝐷 +2=0 ; 𝐷+3=0
𝐷 = ±2 ; 𝐷 = −3
2𝑥 −2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 + 𝐶2 𝑥𝑒 + 𝐶3 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝐶4 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶5 𝑒 −3𝑥
2 2𝑥
10. 𝑫𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
𝐷=0
𝑦 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 + 𝐶4 𝑥 3 + 𝐶5 𝑥 4 + 𝐶6 𝑥 5 + 𝐶7 𝑥 6 + 𝐶8 𝑥 7 + 𝐶9 𝑥 8 + 𝐶10 𝑥 9
11. 𝑫𝟏 = 𝟏 ; 𝑫𝟐 = 𝟐
𝐷1 − 1 ≅ (𝐷 − 1) ≅ 𝐷 − 1 = 0
𝐷2 − 2 ≅ (𝐷 − 2) ≅ 𝐷 − 2 = 0
(𝐷 − 2)(𝐷 − 1) 𝑦 = (𝐷 − 2)(𝑦 𝐼 − 𝑦)
= 𝑦 𝐼𝐼 − 𝑦 𝐼 − 2𝑦 𝐼 + 2𝑦
= 𝑦 𝐼𝐼 − 3𝑦 𝐼 + 2𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝐼𝐼 − 3𝑦 𝐼 + 2𝑦 = 0 𝐷=
𝑑𝑥
(𝐷 2 − 3𝐷 + 2)𝑦 = 0
(𝐷 − 2)(𝐷 − 1) = 0
𝐷−2 = 0 ; 𝐷=2
𝐷−1 = 0 ; 𝐷=1
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
12. 𝑫𝟏 = 𝑫𝟐 = 𝒊 ; 𝑫𝟑 = 𝑫𝟒 = −𝒊
𝐷1 = 𝐷2 = √1 ; 𝐷3 = 𝐷4 = − √1
𝐷1 = 𝐷2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 ; 𝐷1 = 𝐷2 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑏𝑥 ; 𝐷1 = 𝐷2 = 𝑒 5𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
𝐷3 = 𝐷4 = 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖 ; 𝐷3 = 𝐷4 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑥 ; 𝐷3 = 𝐷4 = 𝑒 5𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛 2𝑥
14. 𝒚𝑰𝑰 + 𝒚𝑰 − 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑑𝑦
𝐷=
𝑑𝑥
(𝐷 2 + 𝐷 − 1)𝑦 = 0 ; 𝐷2 + 𝐷 − 1 = 0
−1 + √5 −1 − √5
𝐷1 = ; 𝐷2 =
2 2
−1+√5 −1−√5
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 ( 2
)𝑥
+ 𝐶2 𝑒 ( 2
)𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝐷=
𝑑𝑥
(𝐷 4 + 𝐷 2 + 1)𝑦 = 0 ; 𝐷4 + 𝐷2 + 1 = 0
(𝐷 2 + 1)(𝐷 2 + 1) = 0
𝐷1 = +𝑖 ; 𝐷2 = −𝑖 ; 𝐷3 = +𝑖 ; 𝐷4 = −𝑖
(𝐷 2 − 7𝐷 + 10)𝑦 = 0 ; 𝐷 2 − 7𝐷 + 10 = 0
𝐷1 = 5 ; 𝐷2 = 2
5𝑥 2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 + 𝐶2 𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
𝑦=2 ; 𝑦𝐼 = 2
𝑥=0 ; 𝑥=0
2 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 1
𝑦 𝐼 = 5𝐶1 𝑒 5𝑥 + 2𝐶1 𝑒 4𝑥
{ 2
2 = 5𝐶1 + 2𝐶2
−4 = −2𝐶1 − 2𝐶2
2 = 5𝐶1 + 2𝐶2
2
−2 = 3𝐶1 ; 𝐶1 = − 3
3
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 3 𝑒𝑛 1
2 8
2 = − + 𝐶2 ; 𝐶2 =
3 3
2 8
𝑦 = − 𝑒 5𝑥 + 𝑒 2𝑥
3 3
𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑐
𝑑𝑦
1. 𝑦ℎ 𝐷=
𝑑𝑥
(𝐷 2 − 6𝐷 + 9)𝑦 = 0 ; 𝐷 2 − 6𝐷 + 9 = 0
(𝐷 − 3)(𝐷 − 3) = 0
𝐷−3 = 0 ; 𝐷1 = 3
𝐷−3 = 0 ; 𝐷2 = 3
3𝑥 3𝑥
𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1 𝑒 + 𝐶2 𝑥𝑒
2. 𝑦𝑐
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑦= → 𝑦= ; 𝛼=1
𝐷 2 − 6𝐷 + 9 (𝐷 − 3)(𝐷 − 3)
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑦= = → 𝑦𝑐 =
(1 − 3)(1 − 3) 4 4
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙:
𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑐
𝑒𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 +
4
𝑦𝑐 = 10𝑒 −3𝑥
10𝑒 −3𝑥
𝑦𝑐 = 2 ; 𝛼 = −3
𝐷 + 4𝐷 + 5
𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑐
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦 = 1 → 𝐶1 = 1
𝑦 𝐼 = −2𝑒 −2𝑥 (𝐶1 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥) + 𝑒 −2𝑥 (−𝐶1 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥) + 15𝑒 −3𝑥
𝑦 𝐼 = −2𝑒 −2𝑥 𝐶1 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥−2𝑒 −2𝑥 𝐶2 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝐶1 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝐶2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 15𝑒 −3𝑥
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦𝐼 = 1