m usikis istoria

rokmusikis grigali
bitlomania

rokis istorias, tradiciulad, gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebidan iwyeben.

pirveli rok-en-rol bendi 1952 wels gamoCnda amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, es
iyo `bil heili and ze kometsi~ (Bill Haley and the Comets). magram rokis
samSoblod mainc didi britaneTi miiCneva. sainteresoa, ram ganapiroba
britaneTis pirveloba, Tanac maSin, roca sakmao argumenti arsebobs im azris
gansamtkiceblad, rom rokis samSoblod amerika miviCnioT.

rokmusikis genezisis dasadgenad afri- rikis kontinentze gadmohyavdaT. iZulebiT

kaSi unda gadavinacvloT da oriode sityva gadasaxlebulebma araTu ar daiviwyes sa-
iqaur kulturazec vTqvaT. afrikis adgi- kuTari kulturuli tradiciebi, sakmaod
lobrivi musikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia da- sabolood kargi gasaqanic misces mas ja-
sartyami instrumentebi, romlebic sxva- zis saxiT, XIX saukunis dasasrulisTvis.
dasxva religiur ritualSi gamoiyeneba, amerikul saroskipoebSi Casaxulma jazma
magaliTad, sulebTan dasakavSireblad da droTa ganmavlobaSi saxe icvala da misgan
sxv. dasartyami instrumenti did zemoqme- bluzi, axali da SedarebiT martivad mo-
debas axdens adamianis nervul sistemaze, sasmeni musika Camoyalibda, bluzma biZgi
metic, iwvevs halucinogenur moqmedebasac. misca ufro farTo eqsperimentebs musika-
adamiani odiTganve miiltvoda aramiwieri Si, rasac, Tavis mxriv, axali saukunis teq-
gancdebisken, rac kargad gamoixata sxva- nikurma miRwevebma Seuwyo xeli. musikac
dasxva kulturis xelovnebaSi, istoriasa ufro damZimda da arc axal instrumenteb-
Tu miTologiaSi. afrikelebi monebiT mo- sa da eqsperimentebs erideboda. Tavis dro-
vaWreebs XVII saukunis dasawyisidan ame- ze eSmakis musikad Seracxul jazs, ra Tqma

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unda, arc im droisTvis eqstravagantuli
rok-en-roli CamorCeboda. pirvelive akor-
debidan SeamCnia sazogadoebam am musikis
damatyvevebeli muxti, romlisgan Tavis
daRweva XX da ager ukve XXI saukunesac
gauWirdeba.
rokmusikis safuZvlebi jer kidev 1951-
1952 wlebSi gaCnda amerikaSi, roca litl
riCardma zangur ritm-end-bluzSi cvli-
lebebis Setana daiwyo. musika ufro dam-
Zimda da „axmaurda“. Tavad termini rok-en-
roli 1955 wels qalaq klivlendis disko-
Tekis disk-Jokeim moigona. es gamoTqma seq-
sualur aqtsac gamoxatavda. is amerikuli
Savi getoebis Jargonidanaa nasesxebi.
litl riCardsis Semdeg eqsperimenti
bil heilimac gabeda da aqamde cnobili
bluzjgufi axal talRaze gadaiyvana, mag-
ram es mainc ar yofila dasawyisi. am jgu-
febs SesaZloa gaumjobesebuli bluzi vu- bendi `bil heili and ze komets~
wodoT, magram ara rok-en-roli, ramde-
nadac igi mzad ar iyo im ideuri datvir-
TvisTvis, rasac momavalSi elvis preslim
Tu `roling stounzma~ Seasxes xorci.
elvis presli 1954-55 wlebSi gamovida
asparezze. ai, es ki namdvili revolucia
iyo. cxadi gaxda, rom musika mxolod in-
strumentebiT ar Semoifargleboda da mi-
si ideuri mxare swored elvisis gamoCe-
nis Semdeg xdeba naTeli. misi sasceno ma-
nera, simReris stili da teqstebi axal
Tavisuflebas uqadagebs msmenels. mTava-
ri mesiji adamianuri instinqtebis sru- litl riCardi
li Tavisuflebaa, rac stresisgan aTavi-
suflebs daCagrul gonebas. elvisi mefed rasdros mixvdebodnen? saTqmeli bevria,
aRiares da daiwyo kidec musikaSi `seqsu- magram mizezi mxolod ramdenime. gavixse-
aluri revolucia~. noT, rom es xdeboda sisxlian XX sauku-
1960-iani wlebi rokmusikis istoriaSi neSi. msoflios axali gamovlili hqonda
„oqros saukuned“ iwodeba. es aTwleuli meore msoflio omi, adamianis azrovnebas
SesaniSnavad warmoaCens axali musikisa da krizisis dro daudga. daiwyo Rirebule-
ganaxlebuli adamianis msoflmxedvelobas. baTa Zireuli gadafaseba, mkvidrdeboda
mxolod gitaris axali efeqtebi, aCqare- sikvdilis SiSi da sicocxlis, rogorc
buli ritmi da TeTrkanianis xma ver SeZ- tragediis aRqma. amas mohyva axalgazrdo-
lebda im gadatrialebas, romelic am mu- bis gulgriloba warsulisadmi, arsebuli
sikam moaxdina `msoflios qvecnobierSi~. cxovrebis wesisadmi, ramac mas axali aR-
idea ki srul TavisuflebaSi mdgomareob- moCenebisken ubiZga. egzistencializmi iyo
da. Cndeba kiTxva, ram gamoiwvia aseTi im saukunis seni, romliTac daavaddnen da
mowyureba Tavisuflebisa? iqneb es axali romelmac erTbaSad gza gaukvliaT mxo-
Tavisufleba iyo, rasac Cveni winaprebi ve- lod amqveyniuri tkbobisken. es tkboba ki

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m usikis istoria

`bitlzi~

bunebasTan harmoniaSi modioda. gardate- (I Want to Hold Your Hand) amerikis musi-
xa religiasac Seexo da saukeTeso varian- kalur CartebSi pirvel adgils ar Tmob-
ti Zen-budizmi gamodga. is savsebiT Seefe- da da amerikelebic mouTmenlad elod-
reboda daRlili, axal cxovrebasa da Ta- nen oTxeulis stumrobas. `bitlzis~
visuflebas mowyurebuli adamianis gemov- stumrobam 1964 wlis ianvarSi, namdvili
nebas da maTma umravlesobam transcenden- bitlomania warmoqmna. bitlzebs aRmer-
tur cxovrebas mimarTa, rac kargad gamov- Tebdnen. es iyo imdroindel sazogadoe-
linda 1960-iani wlis musikaSi. baze kargad morgebuli musika, Tavisuf-
axali musika amerikaSi mainc bluzisa lebis damatyvevebeli elementebiT sav-
da qanTris stilis saxecvlilebebad aRiq- se, Tumca imavdroulad konservatizmsac
meboda. did britaneTSi ki saqme sxvagva- ar Tmobda, rac ansamblis sasceno for-
rad iyo. XX saukunisgan gadaRlili axal- maSi kargad gamoCnda. `roling stounzi~
gazrdebi mSvidobiT tkbebodnen da arc ki yovelTvis antipodis rolSi gamodi-
revoluciis survili gaaCndaT. inglisi oda, Tumca maTi meore stumroba ameri-
kvlav konservatizmSi iZireboda da nela, kaSi sakmaod warmatebuli gamodga. es
dafiqrebulad aviTarebda sakuTar xelov- jgufi ZiriTadad bluzze iyo orienti-
nebas. arc liverpuleli oTxeulis gamo- rebuli, `bitlzisgan~ gansxvavebiT, ro-
Cenas gadaurevia ise inglisi, rogorc es melic mravalferovnebiT iwonebda Tavs
amerikas daemarTa. `bitlzs~ (The Beatles) publikis winaSe. am jgufebs mohyva `kin-
fexdafex mohyva `roling stounzi~ (The ksi~ (The Kinks) da `deiv klark faivi~ (The
Rolling Stones) da `serCerzi~ (Searchers). Dave Clark Five). britaneli musikosebi
daiwyo britanuli SeWra amerikaSi, dominirebdnen amerikis musikalur ba-
`bitlzis~ simRera `minda xeli Cagkido~ zarze. musikaSi gaixsna sazRvrebi da da

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aSS-Si dainerga britanuli roki, brita- fridrix nicSea. man ubiZga radikalizmis
nuli bluz-roki da sxv. da axalgazrdebSi nihilizmis gamZafrebu-
qronologias Tu mivyvebiT, 1950-ian li grZnoba aRZra. axali realobam fsi-
wlebSi viTardeba jaz-roki, bluz-roki, qodeliuri musikis epoqaSi gadasvla ga-
folk-roki da qanTri-roki. es ukanask- napiroba. xelovnebis ZiriTadi atribute-
neli ZiriTadad aSS-Si ixveWs popularo- bi halucinogenuri nivTierebebi, msubuqi
bas. 1960-iani wlebidan ki scenaze gamo- da mZime narkotikebia, romelic siurea-
dis fsiqodeliuri mimdinareoba, rome- lizmis sazRvrebsac scdeba. musikosebi eq-
lic dominanti xdeba rokisa da saerTod, sperimentebs dgamen instrumentebze da vo-
60-ianelTa kulturisTvis. kalis JReradobaze. aranakleb mniSvnelo-
fsiqodeliuri musika safuZvels blu- vania teqstebic, maTSi moxseniebulia siz-
zidan iRebs, aqcenti ki adamianis gonze mrebi da halucinaciebi. gavixsenoT `jeT-
gadaaqvs. wlebis Semdeg fsiqodeliuri mu- ro talis~ (Jethro Tull)-is 40-wuTiani
sikidan rokis mravali mimdinareoba war- simRera `aguris sisqis~ (Thick as a Brick),
moiqmna. gavlenebi aisaxa rogorc inst- romelic Semdeg calke albomadac gamoi-
rumentis JReradobaSi, ise simRerebis ca. `jeferson earpleinis~ (Jeferson Air-
teqstebSi. es musika 60-iani wlebis sim- plain) `TeTri bocveri~ (White Rabbit),
bolod gadaiqca, radgan gamoxatavda da romlis teqstSic pirdapiraa aqcenti ga-
imeorebda imdroindeli kontrkulturis datanili narkotikis zemoqmedebaze.
saTqmels. musikosebi fsiqodeliaSi aranair eqs-
es is dro iyo, roca amerika uari Tqva periments ar eridebodnen. mimarTavdnen
izolacionizmze da sagareo saqmeebSi aq- folk-sakravebs, mkveTri aqcenti keTdebo-
tiurad CaerTo. msofliomac da aSS-mac da klaviSebian instrumentebze, gansakuT-
ori omi gamoiara, samyarom ganvlo Rire- rebiT, organsa da melotronze (60-70-iani
bulebaTa gadafasebisa da iluziebis wlebis polifoniuri, eleqtromeqanikuri
msxvrevis periodi, roca asparezze gamo- sakravi). musika gamoirCeoda xangrZlivi
vidnen iseTi filosofosebi, rogoric instrumentuli improvizaciebiT. aTwuTi-
`roling stounzi~

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m usikis istoria

ani studiuri Canaweri sakoncerto Sesru-

lebisas SesaZloa naxevar saaTs gagrZele-
buliyo. simRerebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
iyo rTuli struqtura, siurealisturi
lirika literaturuli nawarmoebis gav-
leniT iqmneboda. fsiqodeliuri rokis Ca-
moyalibebisas da Semdgomi wlebis teqs-
tebSi SeimCneva samecniero fantastikisa da
zRaprebis gavlena. popularuli iyo indu-
ri sitara (simebiani sakravi, romelic
farTod gamoiyeneba indur klasikur mu-
sikaSi), rac epoqis religiur da sulier
ganwyobas exmianeboda. religiuri aspeqti
Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo 60-iani wlebis
musikasa da kidev ufro kontrkultura-
Si, hipebSi. meditacia da ioga im drois ki-
dev erTi atributi gaxda.
1960-iani wlebi revoluciebiT gamoir-
Ca. axalgazrdebis gaaqtiureba politika-
mac ganapiroba, gansakuTrebiT, vietnamis
jimi hendriqsi
omma, romelsac hipebis moZraobas misca
dasabami. is ewinaaRmdegeboda tradiciul,
rutinul yofas, Sesaferisi musika ki rok-
en-roli aRmoCnda. hipebi uars ar ambobd-
nen narkotikul da halucinogenur nivTi-
erebebze. maTi zemoqmedeba pirdapir ukav-
Sirdeba imdroindeli musikis zogierTi
aspeqtis Camoyalibebas. gabruebul adami-
ans siamovnebas umZafrebda 10-15-wuTiani
gitaris solo partiebi da mis xangrZli-
vobasTan erTad, musikaluri kompoziciac
ufro fasobda. swored am periodSi gamo-
dian rigi legendaruli bendebi da iqmneba
kompoziciebi, romlebic dRes klasikad
aris aRiarebuli. uSualod hipebis kul-
turas ukavSirdeba `gretiful dedi~
(Grateful Dead), Tumca roki arasdros yo-
fila am kontrkulturaze damokidebuli,
`dorsi~ da jim morisoni is Tavisi gziT viTardeboda da maTi gzebis
gadakveTis saukeTeso momenti 1969 wlis
vudstokis festivali iyo. ori legenda-
ruli mimdinareoba aq gaerTianda da mas
Semdeg erTmaneTs aRarc dahkavSirebia. mi-
iCneva, rom es iyo kontrkulturis ukanas-
kneli akordi, romelmac sakuTari Tavi-
suflebiT sakuTarive Tavi gaanadgura.
oqros epoqam warmoSva iseTi gigante-
bi, rogoricaa: `diip perpli~ (Deep Pur-
ple), `dorsi~ (The Doors), jimi hendriqsi,

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jenis joplini, `roling stounzi~, `kink- morma gaiyves. Tumca Tavidan TiTqmis war-
si~, `jeTro tali~, `led zepelini~ (Led moudgeneli iyo, rogor ganagrZobda ben-
Zeppelin), `pink floidi~ (Pink Floyd) da sxv. di arsebobas geniis gareSe. erT-erT in-
es ori ukanaskneli jgufi calke aRniSv- terviuSi uotersi baretis Sesaxeb ambobs:
nas imsaxurebs. `led zepelinma~ musika „rogorc simRerebis avtori, sidi erTa-
mTlianad gadaaxarisxa da savsebiT samar- derTi da ganumeorebeli iyo. piradad me
Tliania, rom jgufis yvela simRera Sedev- verasodes aval mis doneze, mis mwverva-
rad miiCneva. am jgufSi Seikriba oTxi ge- lebze da gulaxdilad vityvi – rom ar
niosi musikosi. robert plants msoflio yofiliyo sidi, veranairad ver Cavwvde-
vokalistebs Soris amayad uWiravs wina bodi samyaros ise, rogorc axla vcdi-
poziciebi, aseve jimi peijs, jon bonemsa lob danaxvas. 15 weliwadi damWirda, rom
da jon pol jonss. maT musikas xSirad odnav mainc axlos mivsuliyavi im dones-
okultizmTan akavSirebdnen. es arcTu usa- Tan, im sivrcesTan, sadac sidi Sinauru-
fuZvlo `braldebaa~. jgufis simRerebSi lad grZnobda Tavs. xSirad mekiTxebian,
marTlac igrZnoba okulturi ganwyoba, es rogor xedavda bareti samyaros ase ax-
kidev erTi wina piroba iyo maTi unikalu- leburad, aRiqvamda da da notebiT gad-
robisa, rac kritikosTa Soris pativisce- moscemda? es igivea, dasva SekiTxva – ra-
mas imsaxurebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es mu- tomaa mxatvari mxatvari? xom sasaciloa?
sika TviT kritikis gareTac dgas. mis far- mxatvari Cveulebrivi adamianebisgan gan-
glebs scdeba `pink floidic~. sxvavebulad xedavs da SeigrZnobs samya-
es biWebi inglisidan, kembrijidan iyv- ros da Semdeg tiloze gadaaqvs. es, erTi
nen, jgufi sid baretma gaaerTiana, rok- SexedviT, RvTiuri madlia, magram samwu-
musikaSi fsiqodeliis erT-erTma mamam- xarod, xSirad es wyevlaze uaresicaa, rad-
Tavarma. fsiqikuri da sulieri proble- gan siamovnebasTan erTad, mZime da mkacri
mebis gamo sidi jgufidan gauCinarda. pir- tvirTia“... Tumca `daoblebulma~ bendma,
veloba rojer uotersma da devid gil- yvelasTvis moulodnelad, araTu regre-

`diip
perpli~.
wina
planze
_ ian
gilani

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m usikis istoria

`lez zepelini~

si ganicada, piriqiT, mravalferovneba Se- ritmika, gadasxvaferda sasceno stili,

iZina da gaxda upirvelesi bendi da- simReris Sinaarsi, musika gauxeSda da dam-
fiqrebul, moazrovne Semsruleblebs So- Zimda. hard rokSi wamyvani gaxda gitaris
ris. aTasobiT moRriale axalgazrdas ben- partiebi. siaxleebma musikosebs saSuale-
dma asi dafiqrebuli adamiani amjobina. ba misca, sxvadasxva gitaris efeqtebi mo-
`pink floidi~ erTxmad aris aRiarebuli esinjaT, JReradobebma dasaxelebebi Sei-
uZlieres jgufad. isini ara marto rokis Zines, Tumca 70-ianebSi jer kidev ar aZ-
sazRvrebs gascdnen, aramed saerTod mu- levda aparatura musikosebs srul Tavi-
sikis da „mTvaris bnel mxareze“ gavidnen suflebas, `blek sabaTis~ (black sabbath)
(Dark Side of the Moon-erT-erTi al- drameri bil vordsi ixsenebs, rogor cdi-
bomis saxelwodebaa). lobda jgufis wevrebs ahyoloda, maSin
1970-ian wlebSi rok-en-roli popula- roca ozi osborns ori mikrofoni eWira,
robas nel-nela kargavda. `bitlzi~ daiSa- tomi aiomi xmas bolomde uwevda gitaras,
la, jgufis wevrebi cal-calke ganagrZob- bils uords ki isRa darCenoda, mTeli Za-
dnen karieras. oqros epoqa dasasrulisken liT daekra `barabanze~.
wavida, muxti, romliTac es musika sazrdo- 70-iani wlebSi roki `bneli mimdina-
obda, gadasxvaferda an saerTod gaqra. 1971 reobis~ saxels iZens. musikosTa gataceba
wels daiRupnen jimi hendriqsi, jim mori- okultizmiT, alister krouliTa da mi-
soni, jenis joplini. es dasasrulis dasawyi- TologiiT, `simpaTia satanisadmi~ da ri-
si unda yofiliyo, maT gzas marTlac vera- tualuri elementebi koncertebisas ma-
vin ganagrZobda. es iyo musika, romelic mxo- yurebels ar gamohparvia. Tumca es med-
lod 60-ian wlebSi iqmneboda. lis erTi mxarea. am epoqam SeZlo da msme-
momdevno Taobam didi Janrobrivi nels sruliad axali mimdinareoba, „me-
cvlilebebi moaxdina. asparezze gamosv- tali“ dautova. roca `reinbou~ (Rainbow)
la daiwyo hard rokma, fiuJenma, yalib- Tavis musikas amZimebda roni jeims dios
deboda hevi metali. sruliad Seicvala vokaliT, yuradReba kompoziciur wyoba-

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ze iyo gadatanili, gavixsenoT Tundac `ba- rwna da daRupvisken miiyvana norvegia. ami-
bilonis bWeni~ (Gates of Babilon). tom xalxi isev Zvel kerpebs unda daub-
`bleq sabaTic~ ufro da ufro amZimebda rundes. maTi atributebic damaxasiaTebe-
da anelebda kompoziciebs da gadadioda lia: amotrialebuli jvari da bucefalis
axal JanrSi, romelsac `dumi~ (Doom) saxe, Casmuli amobrunebul xuTqimian var-
ewodeba. Tumca metalis sruli atribute- skvlavSi. mogexsenebaT, xuTqimiani vars-
biT arc es jgufi aRWurvila. asparezze kvlavi okultur ritualebSi gamoiyene-
gamovida `judas pristi~ (Judas Priest). ba da is asaxavs xuT stiqias, srulyofi-
ai, es jgufi ki qmnis namdvil stils, ro- lebas, romelsac arsebiTad aranairi kav-
melic mtkiced damkvidrda. laparakia at- Siri ar aqvs satanizmTan.
ributebze: tyavis tansacmelze liTonis dRes es Janrebi naklebad iqceven yu-
aqsesuarebiT. idea seqsSopisgan iyo nases- radRebas, Tumca sakuTar msmenelebze sak-
xebi, romelic rob halfords novatoro- mao gavlena aqvT. cnobilia, rom blek me-
bad CamoarTves. talis JReradoba ver akmayofilebs far-
amas mohyva treSmetali da progresiv- To masebs, metic, is aRiqmeba rogorc ra-
metali: `metalika~ (Mettalica), `pantera~ Rac seqta an religiuri mimdinareoba, uf-
(Pantera), `drim Tieta~ (Dream Theater), ro xSirad ki satanizmTan aigiveben, maTi
`megadeTi~ (Megadeth). aparaturis daxve- msmenelebisTvisac sociumi sruliad ucxoa.
wasTan erTad Cndeba death-metal-i (`mkvda- zRvari am „bnel“ mimdinareobasa da sazo-
ri liToni~) da black metal-i (`Savi li- gadoebas Soris sakmaod mkveTria. Tumca
Toni~). es mimdinareobebi ZiriTadad nor- mTlianad metali WeSmaritad aris kidev er-
vegiidan iRebs saTaves da gaJRenTilia Ti musikaluri Sedevri yvela Tavisi atri-
skandinaviuri miTologiiT. am Janris war- butiT, radgan is aerTianebs musikalur har-
momadgenlebi Riad acxadeben sakuTar sa- monias mZime, uxeS JReradobasTan erTad.
tanistobas da aSkarad upirispirdebian mariam yayitaSvili
qristianobas, romelmac, maTi azriT, gax- (ganmarteba)
`pink floidi~ albom `kedlis~ gamoSvebis Semdeg

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