Resueltos de Derivadas
Resueltos de Derivadas
Resueltos de Derivadas
D
Derivada del producto de una función por una constante
Derivada de la suma
Derivada del producto
Derivada del cociente
1
DERIVADA DE UNA CONSTANTE
Si c es una constante y si f(x) = c, entonces
f’ (x) = 0
Si n es un entero negativo y x ≠ 0
d ⎛ n⎞ n -1
⎜x ⎟ = n x
dx ⎝ ⎠
f(x) = x8
d 8
dx
( )
x = 8 x 8 -1
f ' (x ) = 8 x 7
f(x) = x
d
(x ) = x1-1
dx
f ' (x ) = x 0
f’ (x) = 1
g (x) = c f(x)
y si f ’existe, entonces
g’ (x) = c f ’ (x)
f(x) = 5 x7
d
dx
( )
5 x 7 = 5 (x )7
d
dx
2
f ' (x ) = 5 (7 ) x 7-1
f ' (x ) = 35 x 6
DERIVADA DE LA SUMA
Si f y g son funciones y si h es la función definida por
f(x) = 7 x4 – 2 x3 + 8 x + 5
d
dx
( )
7 x 4 - 2 x 3 + 8 x + 5 = 7 (x )4 - 2
d
dx
d (x )3
dx
+8
d
dx
(x ) + d (5)
dx
f ' (x ) = 28 (x )3 - 6 (x )2 + 8 (x )0 + 0
f ' (x ) = 28 x 3 - 6 x 2 + 8
Calcular la derivada
y = 3 x -4 + 3 x 4
y' =
( ) ( )
d 3x - 4 d 3x 4
+
dx dx
-4 -1 4 -1
y’= (3) (-4) x + (3) (4) x
-5
y’= -12x + 12x 3
ordenando
12
y' = 12x 3 -
x5
3
’ ’ ’
En notación prima, (u v) = u v + v u
h ' (x ) =
[( )(
d 2 x 3 - 4x 2 3 x 5 + x 2 )]
dx
(
h ' ( x) = 2 x 3 - 4 x 2
d
dx
) [ ](
3 x5 + x2 + 3 x5 + x2
d
dx
2 x3 − 4 x2 ) [ ]
( )[ ]( )[
h ' ( x) = 2 x 3 - 4 x 2 3 (5) x 5-1 + 2 x 2-1 + 3 x 5 + x 2 2 (3) x 3-1 - 4 (2 ) x 2-1 ]
h ' ( x) = ⎛⎜ 2x 3 - 4x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎡ 15 x 4 + 2 x ⎤ + ⎛⎜ 3x 5 + x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎡6 x 2 - 8 x ⎤
⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
Resolviendo el polinomio
h ' ( x) = 30 x 7 - 60 x 6 + 4 x 4 - 8 x 3 + 18 x 7 + 6 x 4 - 24 x 6 - 8 x 3
h ' ( x) = 30 x 7 - 60 x 6 + 4x 4 - 8x 3 + 18 x 7 + 6 x 4 - 24 x 6 - 8 x 3
f ' (x ) =
[( )
d 3 x - 2 x 2 (5 + 4 x ) ]
dx
(
f ' ( x) = 3 x - 2 x 2 )
d
dx
[
[5 + 4 x ] + (5 + 4 x ) d 3 x − 2 x 2
dx
]
(
f ' ( x) = 3 x - 2 x 2 )[ 4] + (5 + 4 x ) [3 - 2 * 2 x 2-1 ]
(
f ' ( x) = 3x - 2x 2 )[ 4] + (5 + 4x ) [3 - 2 * 2x1 ]
[ ]
f ' ( x) = 12 x - 8 x 2 + (5 + 4 x ) [3 - 4 x ]
Resolviendo el polinomio
[ ](
f ' ( x) = 12 x - 8 x 2 + 15 + 12 x - 20 x - 16 x 2 )
Reduciendo términos semejantes
4
[ ](
f ' ( x) = 12 x - 8 x 2 + 15 - 8 x - 16 x 2 )
f ' ( x) = 12x - 8x 2 + 15 - 8x - 16x 2
f ' ( x) = 4 x - 24 x 2 + 15
Ordenando
f ' ( x) = - 24 x 2 + 4 x + 15
Hallar la derivada de y = (1 + x - 1) (x - 1)
Primer termino = (1 + x - 1)
Segundo termino = (x - 1)
f ' (x ) =
[( )
d 1 + x - 1 (x − 1) ]
dx
(
f ' ( x) = 1 + x - 1 ) dxd [x − 1] + (x - 1) dxd [1 + x - 1 ]
(
f ' ( x) = 1 + x - 1 ) dxd [x − 1] + (x - 1) [1 + x - 1-1 ]
f ' ( x) = ⎛⎜1 + x - 1 ⎞⎟ [1] + (x - 1) ⎡- 1 x - 2 ⎤
⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
( )
f ' ( x) = 1 + x - 1 + (x - 1) - x - 2 [ ]
Resolviendo el polinomio
( ) [
f ' ( x) = 1 + x - 1 + - 1 x - 1 + x - 2 ]
Reduciendo términos semejantes
f ' ( x) = 1 + x - 1 - x - 1 + x - 2
f ' ( x) = 1 + x - 2
' 1 x2 +1
f ( x) = 1 + =
x2 x2
f ' (x ) =
[( )(
d x 2 - 2 x + 1 x3 − 1 )]
dx
(
f ' ( x) = x 2 - 2 x + 1 ) dxd [x 3 − 1]+ (x 3 − 1) dxd [ x 2 - 2 x + 1]
5
( )[ ] ( )[ (2) x 2-1 - 2 x1-1 + 1]
f ' ( x) = x 2 - 2 x + 1 (3) x 3-1 + x 3 − 1
Resolviendo el polinomio
( ) [
f ' ( x) = 3 x 4 - 6 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 2 x 4 - 2 x - 2 x 3 + 2 ]
Reduciendo términos semejantes
f ' ( x) = 3x 4 - 6x 3 + 3x 2 + 2x 4 - 2x - 2x 3 + 2
f ' ( x) = 5 x 4 - 8 x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2 x + 2
f ' (x ) =
[( )(
d x 3 - 3x 2 x 2 + 3 x + 5 )]
dx
(
f ' ( x) = x 3 - 3 x ) dxd [2 x 2 + 3 x + 5]+ (2 x 2 + 3 x + 5) dxd [ x 3 - 3 x ]
(
f ' ( x) = x 3 - 3 x )[(2) x 2-1 + 3 x1-1 ]+ (2 x 2 + 3 x + 5)[ (3) x 3-1 - 3 x1-1 ]
f ' ( x) = (x 3 - 3 x )[4 x + 3] + (2 x 2 + 3 x + 5)[ 3 x 2 - 3]
Resolviendo el polinomio
[ ](
f ' ( x) = 4 x 4 - 12 x 2 + 3 x 3 - 9 x + 6 x 4 + 9 x 3 + 15 x 2 - 6 x 2 - 9 x - 15 )
Reduciendo términos semejantes
f ' ( x) = 4x 4 - 12x 2 + 3x 3 - 9x + 6x 4 + 9x 3 + 15x 2 − 6x 2 - 9x - 15
Primer termino = (x – 1)
Segundo termino = (2 x2 + 3 x + 2)
6
f ' (x ) =
[ (
d (x - 1) 2 x 2 + 3 x + 2 )]
dx
f ' ( x) = (x - 1 )
d
dx
[
x2 − 3 x + 2 + x2 − 3 x + 2
d
dx
](
[ x - 1] )
[ ](
f ' ( x) = (x - 1 ) (2) x 2-1 − 3 x 1-1 + x 2 − 3 x + 2 [ x - 1] )
(
f ' ( x) = (x - 1 ) [2 x − 3] + x 2 − 3 x + 2 [1] )
Resolviendo el polinomio
[
f ' ( x) = 2x 2 − 2x - 3x + 3 + x 2 − 3x + 2 ]( )
Reduciendo términos semejantes
[
f ' ( x) = 2x 2 − 5 x + 3 + x 2 − 3 x + 2 ]( )
Reduciendo términos semejantes
f ' ( x) = 2x 2 - 5x + 3 + x 2 - 3x + 2
f ' ( x) = 3 x 2 - 8 x + 5
(
f ' ( x) = x 5 - 3 x ) dxd ⎡⎢ x12 ⎤⎥ + ⎛⎜⎜ x12 ⎞⎟⎟ dxd [ x 5 - 3x ]
⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠
(
f ' ( x) = x 5 - 3 x ) dxd [x - 2 ]+ ⎛⎜⎜ x12 ⎞⎟⎟ dxd [ x 5 - 3 x ]
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞ d ⎡ 5
f ' ( x) = ⎛⎜ x 5 - 3x ⎞⎟ (- 2 ) ⎡ x - 2 -1 ⎤ + ⎜ ⎟ x - 3x ⎤
⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎜ 2 ⎟ dx ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
⎝x ⎠
( ) [ ⎛ 1 ⎞
f ' ( x) = x 5 - 3 x (- 2) x - 2-1 + ⎜⎜ ]
⎟ (5) x 5-1 - 3 x1-1
2⎟
[ ]
⎝x ⎠
( )[ ⎛ 1
f ' ( x) = x 5 - 3 x - 2x - 3 + ⎜⎜ ] ⎞
[
⎟⎟ 5 x 4 - 3 ]
⎝ x2 ⎠
Resolviendo el polinomio
7
( ⎡ 2 ⎤ ⎛ 1
f ' ( x) = x 5 - 3 x ⎢- )
⎥ + ⎜⎜
⎣ x3 ⎦ ⎝ x2
⎞
[
⎟⎟ 5 x 4 - 3
⎠
]
⎡- 2 x5 + 6 x ⎤ ⎛ 5 x4 - 3 ⎞
f ' ( x) = ⎢ ⎥+⎜ ⎟
3 ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎣⎢ x ⎦⎥ ⎝ x ⎠
⎡ - 2x 5 + 6x + 5x 5 - 3x ⎤
f ' ( x) = ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ x3 ⎥⎦
⎡3 x5 + 3 x ⎤
f ' ( x) = ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ x3 ⎥⎦
3 x5 3x
f ' ( x) = +
x3 x3
3
f ' ( x) = 3 x 2 +
x2
6
f(x) = x 5 + 3 3 x
5 1
f(x) = x 6 + 3 x 3
⎡ 5⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤
' d ⎢ 6⎥ d ⎢ ⎥
f ( x) = x + 3x3
dx ⎢ ⎥ dx ⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 -2
' 5 - 1
f ( x) = x 6 + * 3 x 3
6 3
Resolviendo el polinomio
-1 -2
' 5
f ( x) = x 6 + x 3
6
5 1
f ' ( x) = +
1 2
6x 6 x3
8
Sección 3.4 Calculo LARSON edic 5 pag. 136.
Problema 16
h ' (x ) =
[(
d x2 - 1 x2 −1 )( )]
dx
(
h ' ( x) = 2 x 2 - 1 [2 x ] )
Resolviendo el polinomio
(
h ' ( x) = x 2 - 1 [4 x ] )
Sección 3.4 Calculo LARSON edic 5 pag. 136.
Problema 17
Hallar la derivada de h(s) = (s3 – 2)2
h ' (s ) =
[(
d s3 - 2 s3 − 2 )( )]
dx
( ) [
h ' (s) = s 3 - 2
d 3
dx
s − 2 + s3 − 2
d 3
dx
s -2 ]( ) [ ]
( )[ ] (
h ' (s) = s 3 - 2 3s 2 + s 3 − 2 3 s 2 )[ ]
Reduciendo términos semejantes
(
h ' (s) = 2 s 3 - 2 3 s 2 )[ ]
Resolviendo el polinomio
(
h ' (s) = s 3 - 2 6 s 2 )[ ]
9
Sección 3.4 Calculo LARSON edic 5 Pág. 136.
Problema 20
f ' (x ) =
[
d (x 2 - x )(x 2 + 1)(x 2 + x + 1) ]
dx
( )(
f ' ( x) = x 2 + 1 x 2 + x + 1 ) dxd [x 2 − x ]+ (x 2 − x )(x 2 + x + 1) dxd [ x 2 + 1]+ (x 2 - x )(x 2 + 1) dxd (x 2 + x + 1)
Resolviendo el polinomio
( ) ( )( ) (
f ' ( x) = x 4 + x 2 + x 3 + x + x 2 + 1 [2x − 1 ] + x 2 − x x 2 + x + 1 [ 2x ] + x 2 - x x 2 + 1 (2x + 1) )( )
Reduciendo términos semejantes
( ) ( )( ) (
f ' ( x) = x 4 + 2x 2 + x 3 + x + 1 [2x − 1 ] + x 2 − x x 2 + x + 1 [ 2x ] + x 2 - x x 2 + 1 (2x + 1) )( )
Reduciendo términos semejantes
( ) ( )( )
f ' ( x) = 2x 5 + 4x 3 + 2x 4 + 2x 2 + 2x - x 4 - 2x 2 - x 3 - x - 1 + x 2 − x x 2 + x + 1 [ 2x ] + x 2 - x x 2 + 1 (2x + 1) ( )( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
f ' ( x) = 2x 5 + 3x 3 + x 4 + x - 1 + x 2 − x x 2 + x + 1 [ 2x ] + x 2 - x x 2 + 1 (2x + 1)
f ' ( x) = 2x 5 + 3x 3 + x 4 + x - 1 + 2x 5 - 2x 2 + 2x 5 - x 4 + x 3 - x 2 - x
f ' ( x) = 6 x 5 + 4 x 3 - 3 x 2 - 1
10
Sección 3.4 Calculo LARSON edic 5 Pág. 136.
Problema 21
f ' (x ) =
[( )
d 3 x 3 + 4 x (x − 5)(x + 1) ]
dx
f ' ( x) = (x - 5 )(x + 1)
d
dx
[ ]( d
dx
) ( d
dx
)
3x 3 + 4x + 3x 3 + 4x (x + 1) [ x - 5] + 3x 3 + 4x (x - 5) ( x + 1)
[ ]( ) ( )
f ' ( x) = (x - 5 )(x + 1) 9 x 2 + 4 + 3 x 3 + 4 x (x + 1) [ 1] + 3 x 3 + 4 x (x - 5)( 1)
f ( x) = (x - 5x + x - 5 )[9x + 4 ]+ (3x
' 2 2 3
+ 4 x )(x + 1) + (3 x 3 + 4 x )(x - 5)
( )[ ]( ) (
f ' ( x) = x 2 - 4x - 5 9x 2 + 4 + 3x 3 + 4x (x + 1) + 3x 3 + 4x (x - 5))
f ' ( x) = (9x 4 - 36x 3 - 45x 2 + 4x 2 - 16x - 20 ) + (3x 3 + 4x )(x + 1) + (3x 3 + 4x )(x - 5)
( ) dxd [ 2 − x ]+ ( 2 − x ) dxd [ 2x 2 ]
y ' = 2x 2
11
( ) 12 * (- 1)* [2 − x]- 1 2 + ( 2 − x )[ 4x]
y ' = 2x 2
- x 2 + 2 - x [4x ] 2 − x
y' =
(2 - x )1 2
- x 2 + (2 - x ) [4x ]
y' =
(2 - x )1 2
- x 2 + 8x - 4x 2 8x - 5x 2
y' = =
(2 - x )1 2 2-x
Primer termino = x
⎛ ⎞
Segundo termino = ⎜ 3 - 2x 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤
d ⎢( x )⎜ 3 - 2x 2 ⎟⎥
⎝ ⎠⎦
f ' (x ) = ⎣
dx
d ⎡ ⎤ ⎛ ⎞ d
f ' (x ) = (x ) 3 − 2 x 2 ⎥ + ⎜⎜ 3 − 2x 2 ⎟⎟ [ x]
dx ⎢⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠ dx
12 ⎛ ⎞ d
f ' (x ) = (x ) d ⎡
3 − 2x 2 ⎤ + ⎜⎜ 3 − 2x 2 ⎟⎟ [ x]
dx ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎝ ⎠ dx
[
f ' (x ) = - 2x 2 3 − 2 x 2 ]-1 2 + ⎛⎜⎝ ⎞
3 − 2x 2 ⎟
⎠
- 2x 2 ⎛ ⎞
f ' (x ) = + ⎜ 3 − 2x 2 ⎟
3 - 2x 2 ⎝ ⎠
12
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞
- 2 x 2 + ⎜ 3 - 2x 2 ⎟ ⎜ 3 − 2 x 2 ⎟
f ' (x ) = ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
3 − 2x 2
f (x ) =
' - 2 x 2 + 3 - 2x 2 ( )
3 − 2x 2
- 2 x 2 + 3 - 2x 2
f ' (x ) =
3 − 2x 2
3 - 4x 2
f ' (x ) =
3 − 2x 2
Ejemplo # 6 Leythold.
Hallar la derivada de hx) = (2x 3 – 4x2) (3x5 + x2)
Resolviendo el polinomio
[ ] [
h ' ( x) = 30x 7 - 60x 6 + 4 x 4 - 8x 3 + 18x 7 + 6x 4 - 24x 6 - 8x 3 ]
Reduciendo términos semejantes
h ' ( x) = 30x 7 + 18x 7 - 60x 6 - 24 x 6 + 4x 4 + 6x 4 - 8x 3 - 8x 3
f ' (s) = 3 3s 2 − 2 3s
13
Segundo termino = (4x – 1)
(
g ' (x ) = 2x 2 + 5 ) dxd [4x − 1] + (4x − 1) dxd [ 2x 2 + 5]
( )
g ' (x ) = 2x 2 + 5 [4] + (4 x − 1) [ 4x ]
g ' (x ) = 8x 2 + 20 + 16 x 2 − 4 x
g ' (x ) = 24x 2 + 20 − 4 x
(
f ' (x ) = 2x 4 − 1) dxd [5x3 + 6x]+ (5x3 + 6 x) dxd [ 2x 4 - 1]
( )[ ]( )[ ]
f ' (x ) = 2x 4 − 1 15 x 2 + 6 + 5 x 3 + 6 x 8x 3
(
f ' (x ) = 30x 6 − 15 x 2 + 12 x 4 − 6 + 40 x 6 + 48 x 4 )
Reduciendo términos semejantes
f ' (x ) = 30x 6 − 15 x 2 + 12 x 4 − 6 + 40x 6 + 48 x 4
f ' (x ) = 76x 6 − 15 x 2 + 60 x 4 − 6
(
f ' ( x) = 4x 2 + 3 ) dxd [4x 2 + 3]+ (4x 2 + 3) dxd [ 4x 2 + 3]
( ) ( )
f ' ( x) = 4x 2 + 3 [8x ] + 4x 2 + 3 [ 8x ]
Resolviendo el polinomio
( )
f ' ( x) = 2 * 4x 2 + 3 [8x ]
14
( )
f ' ( x) = 4x 2 + 3 [16x ]
f ' ( x) = 64 x 3 + 48x
Resolviendo el polinomio
(
f ' ( x) = 2 * 4x 2 + 3 [8x ] )
Reduciendo términos semejantes
( )
f ' ( x) = 4x 2 + 3 [16x ]
f ' ( x) = 64 x 3 + 48x
(
F ' (t ) = t 3 − 2t + 1
d
dx
) [ ](
2t 2 + 3t + 2t 2 + 3t
dx
) [
d 3
t − 2t + 1 ]
( ) ( )[
F ' (t ) = t 3 − 2t + 1 [4t + 3] + 2t 2 + 3t 3t 2 − 2 ]
Resolviendo el polinomio
[ ][
F ' (t ) = 4t 4 - 8t 2 + 4t + 3t 3 - 6t + 3 + 6t 4 + 9t 3 - 4t 2 - 6t ]
Reduciendo términos semejantes
F ' (t ) = 4t 4 − 8t 2 + 4t + 3t 3 - 6t + 3 + 6t 4 + 9t 3 - 4t 2 - 6t
15
Hallar la derivada de F(x) = (3x2 - 5) (2x4 - x)
(
F ' ( x) = 3x 2 − 5 ) dxd [2x 4 - x ]+ (2x 4 - x ) dxd [ 3x 2 − 5]
( )[ ](
F ' ( x) = 3x 2 − 5 8x 3 - 1 + 2x 4 - x [ 6x ] )
Resolviendo el polinomio
F ' ( x) = 24x 5 - 40x 3 - 3x 2 + 5 + 12x 5 − 6 x 2
f ' ( x) = (x ) [
d 2
dx
]( )
x +1 + x2 +1
d
dx
[ x]
Resolviendo el polinomio
f ' ( x) = 2x 2 + x 2 + 1
f ' ( x) = 2x 2 + x 2 + 1
f ' ( x) = 3x 2 + 1
y ' = (3x )
d 3
dx
[ ]( )
x -1 + x3 -1
d
dx
[ 3x ]
16
[ ]( )
y ' = (3x ) 3x 2 + x 3 - 1 [ 3]
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 9x 3 + 3x 3 − 3
Primer termino = (- 3x + 2)
Segundo termino = (- 3x + 2)
y ' = (- 3x + 2 )
d
[- 3x + 2] + (- 3x + 2) d [ - 3x + 2]
dx dx
y ' = (- 3x + 2 ) [- 3] + (- 3x + 2 ) [ - 3]
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 2 (- 3x + 2 ) [- 3]
y ' (x ) =
[( )(
d x 2 + 2 x3 + 1)]
dx
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 3x 4 + 6 x 2 + 2x 4 + 2 x
17
y ' = 5x 4 + 6 x 2 + 2 x
y ' (x ) =
[( )(
d x4 - 1 x2 + 1 )]
dx
Resolviendo el polinomio
( ) (
y ' = x 4 − 1 [2x + 1] + x 2 + 1 4x 3 )[ ]
Reduciendo términos semejantes
y ' = 2x 5 - 2x + 4x 5 + 4x 3
y ' = 6x 5 - 2x + 4x 3
h ' (x ) =
[( )( )]
d x 2 + 17 x 3 − 3 x + 1
dx
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 3x 4 + 51x 2 - 3x 2 - 51 + 2x 4 − 6 x 2 + 2x
18
Segundo termino = (x3 +2x2 + 1)
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 3x 6 + 6x 3 + 4x 5 + 8x 2 + 4x 6 + 8x 5 + 4 x 3 + 2x 3 + 4x 2 + 2
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 30x 3 - 42x - 10x 2 + 14 + 30x 3 - 20x 2 + 10x
(
y ' = 3x 2 + 2x ) dxd [x 4 - 3x + 1]+ (x 4 − 3x + 1) dxd [ 3x 2 + 2x]
y ' = (3x 2 + 2x )[4x 3 - 3]+ (x 4 − 3x + 1)[ 6x + 2]
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 12x 5 + 8x 4 - 9x 2 - 6x + 6x 5 - 18x 2 + 6x + 2x 4 - 6x + 2
19
y ' = 12x 5 + 8x 4 - 9x 2 - 6x + 6x 5 - 18x 2 + 6x + 2x 4 - 6x + 2
y ' = 18x 5 + 10x 4 - 27x 2 - 6x + 2
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 9x 2 - 3x 4 - 3 + x 2 − 2 x 4 + 2x 2 - 2x
Primer termino = (x - 1)
Segundo termino = (x2 + x + 1)
y ' = (x - 1 ) [
d 2
dx
](
x + x +1 + x2 + x +1
d
dx
)[ x - 1]
( )
y ' = (x - 1 ) [2x + 1] + x 2 + x + 1 [ 1]
Resolviendo el polinomio
y ' = 2x 2 - 2x + x - 1 + x 2 + x + 1
y ' (x ) =
[( )(
d x 3 - 1 x3 + 1 )]
dx
20
( ) dxd [x 3 + 1]+ (x 3 + 1) dxd [ x 3 - 1]
y' = x3 -1
Resolviendo el polinomio
y' = 3 x5 - 3 x 2 + 3 x5 + 3 x 2
21
⎛ 2x + 1 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
y' = ⎝ x - 1 ⎠
dx
⎡ d ⎛ x 2 - 1⎞ ⎤
⎡ ( + ) ⎤ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎛⎜ x - 1⎞⎟ - (2x + 1)⎢ ⎝ ⎠
2 d 2x 1
⎢ ⎥ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎣ dx ⎦ ⎢ dx ⎥
y' = ⎣ ⎦
2
⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛⎜ x - 1⎞⎟[2] - (2x + 1)[2](x )2 −1
2
y' = ⎝ ⎠
2
⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
y' =
( )
x - 1 [2] - (2x + 1) [2] (x )
2
(x 2 - 1)2
2x 2 - 2 - (2x + 1)(2x )
y' =
(x 2 - 1)2
2x 2 - 2 - 4x 2 - 2x
y' =
2
⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
Cancelando términos semejantes
2x 2 - 2 - 4x 2 - 2x
y' =
2
⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
2
- 2x - 2 - 2x
y' =
2
⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
- 2 ⎛⎜ x 2 + x + 1⎞⎟
y' = ⎝ ⎠
2
⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
x2 - 4
g(x ) =
x + 0,5
⎛ x2 - 4 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ x + 0,5 ⎟
g' (x ) = ⎝ ⎠
dx
( ) ( )
(x + 0,5)⎢ d x - 4 ⎥ - x 2 - 4 ⎡⎢ d(x + 0,5)⎤⎥
⎡ 2 ⎤
⎢⎣ dx ⎥⎦ ⎣ dx ⎦
g' (x ) =
(x + 0,5)2
22
g' (x ) =
( )(
(x + 0,5)[2] x 2 -1 - x 2 - 4 [1] )
(x + 0,5)2
g' (x ) =
(
(x + 0,5)[2](x ) - x 2 - 4 )
(x + 0,5)2
g(x )' =
(x + 0,5)(2x ) - x 2 + 4
(x + 0,5)2
Cancelando términos semejantes
2x 2 + x - x 2 + 4
g' (x ) =
(x + 0,5)2
x2 + x + 4
g' (x ) =
(x + 0,5)2
t 2 -1
f (t ) =
t2 + t - 2
⎛ t 2 -1 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
t +t -2⎠
f ' (t ) = ⎝
dx
⎡ d ⎛ t 2 - 1⎞ ⎤ ⎡ d⎛ t 2 + t - 2 ⎞ ⎤
⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎛⎜ t 2 + t - 2 ⎞⎟ ⎝ ⎠ ⎛ 2 ⎞⎢ ⎝ ⎠
⎢ ⎥ - ⎜ t - 1⎟ ⎢ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎢ dx ⎥ ⎝ ⎠⎢ dx ⎥
f ' (t ) = ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
2
⎛⎜ t 2 + t - 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ t 2 + t - 2 ⎞[2]⎛ t 2 -1 ⎞ - ⎛ t 2 - 1⎞[2](t )2 −1 + 1
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
f ' (t ) = ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
⎛ t 2 + t - 2⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ t 2 + t - 2 ⎞[2](t ) - ⎛ t 2 - 1⎞[2](t ) + 1
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
f ' (t ) = ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
⎛ t 2 + t - 2⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ t 2 + t - 2 ⎞(2t ) - ⎛ t 2 - 1⎞(2t + 1)
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
f ' (t ) = ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
⎛ t 2 + t - 2⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Cancelando términos semejantes
23
2t 3 + 2t 2 - 4t - 2t 3 + 2t - t 2 + 1
f ' (t ) =
2
⎛ t 2 + t - 2⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
f ' (t ) =
t 2 - 2t + 1 (t - 1)(t - 1) = (t - 1)(t - 1)
=
2 [(t + 2)(t - 1)]2 (t + 2)2 (t - 1)2
⎛ t 2 + t - 2⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
f ' (t ) =
1
(t + 2)2
Calcular la derivada
5
y=
x2
y = 5x -2
y' =
( )
d 5x - 2
dx
y’= -10x -3
10
y' = -
x3
5
y=
x2
⎛ 5 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
y' = ⎝ ⎠
x
dx
⎡ d⎛ x 2 ⎞ ⎤
⎡ d (5 ) ⎤ ⎢ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎥
x2 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢
- 5 ⎥
⎣ dx ⎦ ⎢ dx ⎥
y' = ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
2
⎛⎜ x 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
x 2 [0] - 5⎡2 x 2 -1 ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
y' =
⎛⎜ x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ x 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
24
x 2 [0] - 5[2 x ]
y' =
(x 2 )(x 2 )
- [10x ] - 10
y' = =
x4 x3
- 10
y' =
x3
Calcular la derivada
1
y=
3x 2
1 -2
y= x
3
⎛1 ⎞
d⎜ x - 2 ⎟
y' = ⎝ ⎠
3
dx
y’= - 2/3 x -3
2
y' = -
3 x3
[ ]
3x 2 [0] - 1 (2 )(3)x 2 -1
y' =
(3x 2 )(3x 2 )
(3x 2 )[0] - 1[(2)(3)(x)]
y' =
(3x 2 )(3x 2 )
25
- 1[6x ] - 6x -2
y' = = =
9x 4 9x 4 3x 3
-2
y' =
3x 3
2 x3 + 4
f (x ) =
x2 +1
⎛ 2 x3 + 4 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ x +1 ⎠
f ' (x ) =
dx
⎡ d⎛ 2 x 3 + 4 ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ d⎛ x 2 + 1⎞ ⎤
⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟ ⎢ ⎝ ⎠ - ⎛ 2 x3 + 4⎞ ⎢ ⎝ ⎠
⎢ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎥
⎝ ⎠⎢ dx ⎥ ⎝ ⎠ ⎢ dx ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
f ' (x ) =
2
⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛⎜ x + 1⎞⎟ [2] (3)(x )3-1 - ⎛⎜ 2 x 3 + 4 ⎞⎟ [2] (x )2 −1
2
f ' (x ) = ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟ 6 x 2 - ⎛⎜ 2 x 3 + 4 ⎞⎟ 2 x
f ' (x ) = ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
6 x 4 + 6 x 2 - 4 x 4 - 8x
f ' (x ) =
2
⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
Cancelando términos semejantes
2 x 4 + 6 x 2 - 8x
f ' (x ) =
2
⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
26
⎛ 3 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ 5⎟
x' = ⎝
x ⎠
dx
⎡ d⎛ x 5 ⎞ ⎤
⎡ d (3) ⎤ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥
5
x ⎢ ⎥ - (3) ⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎣ dx ⎦ ⎢ dx ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
x '=
2
⎛⎜ x 5 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
- (3) ⎡(5)x 4 ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
y' =
⎛⎜ x 5 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ x 5 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
- 15 x 4
y' =
⎛⎜ x 5 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ x 5 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
- 15 - 15
y' = =
x ⎛⎜ x 5 ⎞⎟ x
6
⎝ ⎠
Calcular la derivada
2
y=
(x + 1)2
⎛ 2 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ ( x + 1)2 ⎟
y' = ⎝ ⎠
dx
⎡ 2⎤
(x + 1)2 ⎡⎢ d(2) ⎤⎥ - 2 ⎢ d (x + 1) ⎥
⎣ dx ⎦ ⎢⎣ dx ⎥⎦
y' =
2
⎡(x + 1)2 ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
27
-4
y' =
(x + 1)3
Calcular la derivada
x
y=
x 2 −1
⎛ x ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ x −1⎠
y' =
dx
⎡ d ⎛ x 2 − 1⎞ ⎤
⎜ ⎟⎥
⎛⎜ x 2 − 1⎞⎟ ⎡ d(x ) ⎤ - x ⎢ ⎝ ⎠
⎢ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ dx ⎥⎦ ⎢ dx ⎥
y' = ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
2
⎛⎜ x 2 − 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
x 2 - 1 - x [2x ]
y' =
2
⎛⎜ x 2 − 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
reduciendo términos semejantes
x 2 - 1 - 2x 2
y' =
(x 2 − 1)2
- ⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
-1 - x 2 ⎝ ⎠
y' = =
2 2
⎛⎜ x 2 − 1⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ x 2 − 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
x +1
y' = -
2
⎛⎜ x 2 − 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
28
Calculo Thomas
29
SEGUNDA DERIVADA Y DERIVADAS DE ORDEN SUPERIOR
30
La derivada y’ = dy/dx es la primera derivada (derivada de primer orden) de y con respecto a x. la
derivada en si bien puede ser una función diferenciable.
f (x) = 8 x4 + 5 x3 – x2 + 7
‘
f (x) = 8 (4) x4 - 1 + 5 (3) x3-1 – (2) x2-1 + 0
‘
f (x) = 32 x3 + 15 x2 – 2 x
‘‘
f (x) = 32 (3) x3-1 + 15 (2) x2-1 – 2 x1-1
‘‘
f (x) = 96 x2 + 30 x – 2
‘‘‘
f (x) = 96 (2) x2-1 + 30 x1-1 – 0
‘‘‘
f (x) = 192 x + 30
4
f (x) = 192 x1-1 + 0
4
f (x) = 192
Calcular la derivada
y = x3 sen x
y' =
(
d x 3 sen x )
dx
( )
y' = x3
d
[sen x ] + (sen x ) d x 3 [ ]
y ' = (x 3 )[cos x ] + (sen x ) [3x 2 ]
dx dx
31
Calcular la derivada
y = (x sen x)3
d (x sen x )3
y' =
dx
y' = x3( ) d
dx
[sen x ]3 + (sen x )3 d x 3
dx
[ ]
d (x sen x )
y ' = 3[x sen x ]3 −1
dx
d (x sen x )
y ' = 3[x sen x ]2
dx
Aplicando derivada del producto
⎡ d (senx ) ⎛ d ( x ) ⎞⎤
y ' = 3[x sen x ]2 ⎢(x ) + (senx )⎜ ⎟⎥
⎣ dx ⎝ dx ⎠⎦
y ' = 3[x sen x ]2 [(x ) cos x + (senx )(1)]
y ' = 3[x sen x ]2 [x cos x + senx]
y = (x sen x)3
y = x3 (sen x)3
y' =
[
d x 3 (senx )3 ]
dx
y' = x3( )d
dx
[sen x ]3 + (sen x )3 d x 3
dx
[ ]
( ) [ ]
y ' = x 3 3(cos x ) [sen x ]3 - 1 + (sen x )3 3 x 3 - 1
Factor común
y ' = 3 x 2 sen 2 x[x cosx + sen x ]
Calcular la derivada
y = sen x
y = sen x = (sen x )1 2
32
y' =
[
d (sen x )1 2 ]
dx
d[(sen x )]
y' = (sen x )1 2 −1
1
2 dx
y' =
1
(sen x )1 2 −1 * (1)cos x
2
y' = (sen x ) − 1 2 (cos x )
1
2
y' =
1
(cos x )
2(sen x )1 2
cos x cos x
y' = =
2(sen x )1 2 2 sen x
cos x
y' =
2 sen x
Calcular la derivada
ln x
y=
x −1
⎛ x ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎝ x −1⎠
y' =
dx
(x - 1)⎡⎢ d(ln x )⎤⎥ - ln x ⎡⎢ d(x - 1)⎤⎥
y' = ⎣ dx ⎦ ⎣ dx ⎦
[x − 1]2
(x - 1) ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ ⎡⎢ d(x )⎤⎥ - ln x [1]
y' = ⎝ x ⎠ ⎣ dx ⎦
[x − 1]2
(x - 1) ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ [1] - ln x
y' = ⎝x⎠
[x − 1]2
⎛ x -1⎞
⎜ ⎟ - ln x
(x - 1) - x ln x
y' = ⎝
x ⎠
= x =
(x - 1) - x ln x = x - 1 - x ln x
[x − 1] 2 (x - 1)2 x (x - 1)2 x (x - 1)2
x - 1 - x ln x
y' =
x (x - 1)2
Calcular la derivada
y = tag (2x + 1)
33
d [tag (2x + 1)]
y' =
dx
y ' = sec 2 (2x + 1) [2x + 1]
d
dx
y ' = sec 2 (2x + 1) [2]
Calcular la derivada 1
y' = tag x * = tag x sec x
cos x
1 y' = sec x tag x
y=
cos x
1
y= = sec x Otra forma (utilizando el exponente)
cos x 1
y=
d(sec x ) cos x
y' =
= (cos x )−1
dx 1
d(x )
y=
y' = sec x tag x cos x
dx d(cos x )−1
y' = sec x tag x (1) y' =
dx
y' = sec x tag x
d (cos x )
y' = (- 1)(cos x )-1 -1
dx
Otra forma (utilizando el cociente) d(cos x )
y=
1 y' = (- 1)(cos x )- 2
dx
cos x
-1 d (cos x )
⎛ 1 ⎞ y' =
d⎜
⎝ cos x ⎠
⎟ (cos x ) dx
2
y' =
* (- sen x )
-1
dx y' =
cos x ⎢
⎡ d(1) ⎤ ⎡ d(cos x ) ⎤
-1
(cos x )2
⎣ dx ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ dx ⎥⎦ sen x
y' = y' =
(cos x )2 (cos x )2
cos x [0] - 1[− sen x ] y' =
sen x
=
sen x 1
y' = *
(cos x )(cos x ) cos x cos x
(cos x )2
y' = tag x sec x
- 1[− sen x ] sen x sen x 1
y' = = = *
(cos x )2 cos x (cos x ) cos x cos x
y' =
[ ( )]
d (x )5 e senx
dx
34
⎡ d (senx ) ⎤ ⎛ sen x ⎞ ⎡ 5 -1 ⎤
y ' = ⎢⎛⎜ x 5 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ e senx ⎞⎟ + ⎜e ⎟ (5) ⎢ x
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ dx ⎥⎦ ⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎥⎦
⎡ d (x ) ⎤
y ' = ⎢⎛⎜ x 5 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ e senx ⎞⎟ (cos x ) + 5 ⎛⎜ e sen x ⎞⎟ ⎡ x 4 ⎤
⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ dx ⎥⎦ ⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
Calcular la derivada
y = sen 1 - 2 x
y = sen 1 - 2 x = sen (1 - 2x )1 2
⎡ 1 2⎤
d ⎢ sen⎛⎜1 - 2 x ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
y' = ⎣ ⎦
dx
⎡ 1 2⎤
d ⎢⎛⎜1 − 2 x ⎞⎟ ⎥
1 2 ⎢⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎦
y' = cos ⎛⎜1 - 2 x ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ dx
⎛ d ⎛⎜1 − 2 x ⎞⎟ ⎞⎟
⎜1
y' = cos 1 - 2 x ⎜ (1 − 2 x )−1 2 ⎝ ⎠⎟
⎜2 dx ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛1 ⎞
y' = cos 1 - 2 x ⎜ (1 − 2 x )−1 2 ⎛⎜ − 2 x ln 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟
⎝2 ⎝ ⎠ ⎠
⎛
y' = cos 1 - 2 x ⎜⎜
1 ⎞
− 2 x ln 2 ⎟⎟
( )( )
⎝ 2 1 - 2x ⎠
⎛ ⎛ - 2 x ln 2 ⎞ ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
y' = cos 1 - 2 ⎜ ⎝
x ⎠⎟
(
⎜ 2 1 - 2x ⎟
⎜ ⎟
)
⎝ ⎠
⎛⎜ - 2 x ln2 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ cos 1 - 2 x ⎞
⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎠
y' =
2 1- 2x
35
Calcular la derivada
y = cos x
y = cos x = cos (x )1 2
d ⎡cos (x )1 2 ⎤
⎢ ⎥⎦
y' = ⎣
dx
⎛1⎞
y' = - sen (x )1 2 ⎜ ⎟ (x )1 2 − 1
⎝2⎠
⎛1⎞
y' = - sen x ⎜ ⎟ (x )- 1 2
⎝2⎠
⎛1⎞⎛ 1 ⎞
y' = - sen x ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠⎝ x ⎠
- sen x
y' =
2 x
Calcular la derivada
y' =
[
d (x )(senx )3 ]
dx
y ' = (x )
d
dx
[ ]
(sen x )3 + (sen x )3 d [x ]
dx
y ' = (x )(cos x )3
d
dx
[ ]
(x )3 + (sen x )3 [1]
[ ]
y ' = (x )(cos x )3 (3)(x )3 −1 + (sen x )3
Calcular la derivada
36
'
y =
[( (
d ln sen x 2 + 5 )]
dx
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎡ d (sen (x 2 + 5) ⎤
y' = ⎜ ⎟⎢
⎝ (
⎜ sen x 2 + 5 ⎟ ⎢
⎠⎣ ) dx
⎥
⎥⎦
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎟ ⎡cos ⎛⎜ x 2 + 5 ⎞⎟(2 )(x )2 −1 ⎤
' 1
y = ⎜
⎜ sen⎛⎜ x 2 + 5 ⎞⎟ ⎟ ⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎟ ⎡cos ⎛⎜ x 2 + 5 ⎞⎟(2 )(x )⎤
1
y' = ⎜
⎜ sen⎛⎜ x 2 + 5 ⎞⎟ ⎟ ⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠
⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
⎜ 2x ⎜ cos ⎛⎜ x + 5 ⎞⎟ ⎟ ⎟
2
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠⎟
y' = ⎜
⎜ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎟
⎜ sen⎜⎝ x + 5 ⎟⎠ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
(
2x cos x 2 + 5 )
y' =
(
sen x 2 + 5 )
(
y ' = (2x ) cot x 2 + 5 )
Calcular la derivada
1+ x2
y = ln
1− x2
⎛ 1+ x2 ⎞
d⎜ ln ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
1− x ⎠
y' = ⎝
dx
⎡ ⎛1+ x2 ⎞⎤
⎢d⎜ ⎟⎥
⎢ ⎜ ⎟
1− x ⎠⎥
2
⎢ ⎝
1
y' = ⎥
1+ x2 ⎢ dx ⎥
⎢ ⎥
1 - x 2 ⎢⎣ ⎥
⎦
⎡ ⎛1 + x2 ⎞ ⎤
⎢ d⎜ ⎟⎥
⎛ 1- x2 ⎞ ⎢ ⎜1 − x2 ⎟ ⎥
y' = ⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎝ ⎠⎥
⎜ ⎟
2 ⎢ dx ⎥
⎝1+ x ⎠ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
37
⎡ ⎛ d ⎛1 + x 2 ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ d ⎛1 - x 2 ⎞ ⎞ ⎤
⎢⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎟ - ⎛1 + x 2 ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎠⎟
⎢ ⎜1 - x ⎞⎟ ⎜
2
⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎜ dx ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ ⎜ dx ⎟⎥
⎛ 1- x2 ⎞ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
y' = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎥
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎝1+ x ⎠ ⎢ ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎡ 2 -1 - ⎛1 + x 2 ⎞ (− 2 )(x )2 −1 ⎤⎥
⎛ 2⎞
⎛ 1- x2 ⎞ ⎢ ⎜1 - x ⎟ (2)(x ) ⎜ ⎟
y' = ⎜ ⎟ ⎢⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎜ 2 ⎟⎢ 2 ⎥
⎝1+ x ⎠⎢ ⎛⎜1 - x ⎞⎟
2
⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
⎛ 1 - x 2 ⎞ ⎢ ⎜1 - x ⎟ (2)(x ) - ⎜1 + x ⎟ (− 2)(x ) ⎥
y' = ⎜ ⎟ ⎢⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎝1+ x ⎠ ⎢ ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
⎛ 1 - x 2 ⎞ ⎢ ⎜1 - x ⎟ (2 x ) - ⎜1 + x ⎟ (− 2 x ) ⎥
y' = ⎜ ⎟ ⎢⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎜ 2 ⎟⎢ 2 ⎥
⎝ 1 + x ⎠⎢ ⎛⎜1 - x ⎞⎟
2
⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
⎛ 1 - x 2 ⎞ ⎢ ⎜1 - x ⎟ (2 x ) + ⎜1 + x ⎟ (2 x ) ⎥
y' = ⎜ ⎟ ⎢⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎝1+ x ⎠ ⎢ ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎛ 1 - x 2 ⎞ ⎡ 2x - 2x 3 + 2x + 2x 3 ⎤
y' = ⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎥
⎜1 + x 2 ⎟ ⎢
⎝ ⎠ ⎣⎢ 1- x2
2
( ) ⎥
⎦⎥
⎛ 1 - x 2 ⎞ ⎡ 4x ⎤
y' = ⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎥
⎜1+ x2 ⎟ ⎢
⎝ ( ) 2 ⎥
⎠ ⎣⎢ 1 - x 2 ⎥⎦
4x - 4x 3
y' =
2
⎛⎜1 + x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜1 − x 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
Calcular la derivada
y = e1 x
d ⎛⎜ e1 x ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
y' =
dx
⎛1⎞
d⎜ ⎟
y' = ⎛⎜ e1 x ⎞⎟ ⎝ ⎠
x
⎝ ⎠ dx
38
d ⎛⎜ x −1 ⎞⎟
y' = ⎛⎜ e1 x ⎞⎟ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎠ dx
( )
y' = e1 x (- 1)(x )- 2
- e1 x
y' =
x2
LA REGLA DE LA CADENA
Si y = f(u) es función derivable de u y
u = g(x) es función derivable de x
entonces y = f(g(x)) es función derivable de x, con
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
d
[f (g(x ))] = f ' (g(x )) g ' (x ) ’
dx
y = (x2 + 1)3
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
Se halla primero
dy
du
dy d ⎛ 2 3
= ⎜ x + 1⎞⎟
du du ⎝ ⎠
3 −1
= (3) ⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
dy
du ⎝ ⎠
2
= (3) ⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
dy
du ⎝ ⎠
Después se halla
du
dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (x2 + 1)
39
y = (x2 + 1)3 = (u)3
d⎛⎜ x 2 + 1⎞⎟
= ⎝ ⎠ = 2x 2 -1
du
dx dx
du
= 2 x 2 -1
dx
du
= 2x
dx
Reemplazando en la ecuación de la regla de la cadena
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
2
= (3) ⎛⎜ x 2 + 1 ⎞⎟ (2x )
dy
dx ⎝ ⎠
dy ⎛ 2 2
= ⎜ x + 1 ⎞⎟ (6x )
dx ⎝ ⎠
y = (2x + 1)2
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
Se halla primero
dy
du
dy d
= (2 x + 1)2
du du
= (2 )(2 x + 1)2 −1
dy
du
= (2 )(2 x + 1)
dy
du
Después se halla
du
dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (2 x + 1)
y = (2 x + 1)2 = (u)2
40
du d (2 x + 1)
= = 2x 1-1
dx dx
du
= 2 x0
dx
du
= 2
dx
Reemplazando en la ecuación de la regla de la cadena
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
= (2 )(2x + 1 )(2 )
dy
dx
= 4 (2 x + 1 )
dy
dx
Observe que el polinomio tiene una derivada interna que es: (2t)
Observe que el polinomio tiene una derivada interna que es: (-5)
y ’ = 6 *(1 – 5x)5 * (- 5)
y ’ = (1 – 5x)5 (- 30)
Observe que el polinomio tiene una derivada interna que es: (3 – 3x2 )
y ’ = (3x – x3 + 1)4
y ’ = 4 * (3x – x3 + 1)3 * (3 – 3x2 )
Factor común 3
y ’ = 4 * (3x – x3 + 1)3 * 3 * (1 – x2 )
y ’ = 12 (3x – x3 + 1)3 (1 – x2 )
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
41
Se halla primero
dy
du
1
dy d ⎛
= 2 ⎞
⎜3 + 4 x - x ⎟ 2
du du ⎝ ⎠
1
dy ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ −1
2 ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ ⎜3 + 4 x - x ⎟ 2
du ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
1
dy ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ −
= ⎜ ⎟ ⎜3 + 4 x - x ⎟ 2 2 ⎞
du ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
dy ⎜ 1 ⎟
=⎜ ⎟
du 1 2
⎜ 2⎛⎜ 3 + 4x - x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠
Después se halla
du
dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (3 + 4x – x2 )
y = (3 + 4x – x2 )1/2 = (u)1/2
d⎛⎜ 3 + 4 x - x 2 ⎞⎟
= ⎝ ⎠
du
dx dx
du
= 4x1 -1 - 2 x 2 -1
dx
du
= 4x 0 - 2 x1
dx
du
= 4-2x
dx
⎡ ⎤
⎢ ⎥
dy ⎢
=
1 ⎥ (4 - 2x )
dx ⎢ ⎛ 12⎥
⎢ 2⎜ 3 + 4x - x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
42
⎡ ⎤
⎢ ⎥
dy ⎢ 4 - 2x ⎥= 2 (2 - x )
=
dx ⎢ 1 2 ⎥ 12
⎢ 2⎛⎜ 3 + 4x - x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎥ (2 ) ⎛⎜ 3 + 4x - x 2 ⎞⎟
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠
dy
=
(2 - x )
dx 12
⎛⎜ 3 + 4x - x 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ du ⎞
= n [u (x )]n -1 ⎜ ⎟
dy
dx ⎝ dx ⎠
O lo que es lo mismo
u = n [u ]n -1 u '
d ⎡ n⎤
dx ⎢⎣ ⎦⎥
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
Se halla primero
dy
du
3
⎜ 3x - 2x ⎞⎟
dy d ⎛ 2
=
du du ⎝ ⎠
3 −1
dy
= (3) ⎛⎜ 3x - 2x 2 ⎞⎟
du ⎝ ⎠
2
= (3) ⎛⎜ 3x - 2x 2 ⎞⎟
dy
du ⎝ ⎠
Después se halla
du
dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (3x – 2x2)
43
d⎛⎜ 3x - 2x 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
= 3 x1-1 - 2 (2 )x 2 -1
du
=
dx dx
du
= 3 -4x
dx
2
= (3) ⎛⎜ 3x - 2x 2 ⎞⎟ (3 - 4x )
dy
dx ⎝ ⎠
dy ⎛ 2
= ⎜ 3x - 2x 2 ⎞⎟ (9 - 12x )
dx ⎝ ⎠
2
y = 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
23
y = ⎛⎜ x 2 + 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
Se halla primero
dy
du
dy d ⎛ 2 23
= ⎜ x + 2 ⎞⎟
du du ⎝ ⎠
dy ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 2 3 −1
=⎜ ⎟⎜x + 2 ⎞⎟
du ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
dy ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 −1 3
= ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ x + 2 ⎞⎟
du ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
dy 2 2
= =
1 3
3 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 2 ⎞⎟
du
3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Después se halla
du
dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (x2 + 2)
44
y = (x2 + 2)2/3 = (u)2/3
d⎛⎜ x 2 + 2 ⎞⎟
du ⎝ ⎠
= = 2 x 2 -1 + 0
dx dx
du
= 2x
dx
⎡ ⎤
dy ⎢
=
2 ⎥ (2x )
dx ⎢ 3 2 ⎥
⎣3 x + 2 ⎦
dy 4x
=
dx 3
3 x2 + 2
g(t ) =
-7
(2t - 3)2
-2
g(t) = (-7) (2t – 3)
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero: du
dy d
= (− 7 )(2t - 3)− 2
du du
= (- 7 )(- 2 )(2t - 3 )− 2 −1
dy
du
= (14 )(2t - 3 )− 3
dy
du
dy 14
=
du (2t - 3)3
du
Después se halla: dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (2t - 3)
45
-2 -2
y = (2t - 3) = (u)
du d(2t - 3 )
= = 2 t1-1 - 0
dx dx
du
= 2
dx
dy ⎡ 14 ⎤
=⎢ ⎥ (2 )
dx ⎢ (2t - 3)3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
dy 28
=
dx (2t - 3)3
f (x ) = x 2 1 - x 2
12
f (x ) = x 2 ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
Primer termino = (x2)
12
Segundo termino = ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
d ⎡ 12 12 d
f ' (x ) = (x )2 1- x2 ⎤ + ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎡ x2⎤
dx ⎢
⎣ ⎥
⎦ ⎝ ⎠ dx ⎣⎢ ⎥⎦
⎛1⎞ 1 2 -1 12
f ' (x ) = (x )2 ⎜ ⎟ (- 2x ) ⎡1 - x 2 ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
+ ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟ [2x ]
⎝2⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛1⎞ -1 2 12
f ' (x ) = (x )2 ⎜ ⎟ (- 2x ) ⎡1 - x 2 ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
+ ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟ [2x ]
⎝2⎠ ⎝ ⎠
f ' (x ) =
(x )2 (− 2 x ) + ⎛ 1 - x 2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ (2x )
2 1- x2 ⎝ ⎠
f ' (x ) =
(x )2 (− x ) + ⎛ ⎞
⎜ 1 - x 2 ⎟ (2x )
1- x2 ⎝ ⎠
46
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
- x 3 + ⎜ 1 - x 2 ⎟ (2x ) ⎜ 1 - x 2 ⎟
f ' (x ) = ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
1- x2
- x 3 + ⎛⎜1 - x 2 ⎞⎟ (2x )
f ' (x ) = ⎝ ⎠
1- x2
- x 3 + 2x - 2x 3
f ' (x ) =
1- x2
- 3x 3 + 2x 2x - 3x 3
f ' (x ) = =
1- x 2 1- x2
(x ) ⎛⎜ 2 - 3x 2 ⎞⎟
f ' (x ) = ⎝ ⎠
1- x2
f (x ) =
x
3 2
x +4
En este caso se utiliza la derivada del producto
−1 3
f (x ) = (x ) ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
Primer termino = (x)
−1 3
Segundo termino = ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
-1 3 -1 3 d
f ' (x ) = (x ) ⎡ x 2 + 4⎤
d
+ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ [ x]
dx ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎝ ⎠ dx
⎛ 1⎞ -1 3 -1 -1 3
f ' (x ) = (x ) ⎜ − ⎟ ( 2x ) ⎡ x 2 + 4 ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
+ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ [1]
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ - 2x ⎞ ⎡ 2 -4 3 -1 3
f ' ( x ) = (x ) ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ x + 4 ⎤⎥ + ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ - 2 x2 ⎞ -4 3 -1 3
f ' (x ) = ⎜ ⎟ ⎡x 2 + 4 ⎤ + ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎜ 3 ⎟ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎠
47
⎛ ⎞
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
f (x ) = ⎜
' -2x 1
⎟ +
43
⎜⎜ 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎟⎟ 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
f ' (x ) = ⎜
- 2 x 1
⎟ +
⎜ 3⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎟ 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
4
⎜ 3 ⎜ x + 4⎟ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠
− 2 x2
f ' (x ) =
1
+
4 3⎛ 2
3 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎜ x + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
− 2 x 2 + ⎡⎢3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟⎤⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦ - 2x 2 + 3x 2 + 12
f ' (x ) = =
3 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
4
3 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎠
x 2 + 12
f ' (x ) =
3 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
f (x ) =
x
3 2
x +4
f (x ) =
x
13
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
En este caso se utiliza la derivada del cociente
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ x ⎟
d⎜
13⎟
⎜⎜ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎠
f ' (x ) = ⎝
dx
⎡ 13⎤
⎢ d ⎛⎜ x + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎥
2
1 3 ⎡ d(x ) ⎤
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎢ ⎥ - (x ) ⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎣ dx ⎦ ⎢ dx ⎥
⎢ ⎥
y' = ⎣ ⎦
2
⎡ 2 1 3⎤
⎢⎛⎜ x + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎦
La derivada interna de (x2 + 4) es (2x)
48
⎡ ⎛ 2 ⎞⎤
13 1 3 - 1 ⎢ d ⎜⎝ x + 4 ⎟⎠ ⎥
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ [1] - (x ) ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎢ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎢ dx ⎥
y' = ⎣ ⎦
2
⎡ 2 1 3⎤
⎢⎛⎜ x + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎦
13 1 3 -1
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ [1] - (x ) ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ [2x ]
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠⎝ ⎠
y' =
2
⎡ 2 1 3⎤
⎛
⎢⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ⎥ ⎞
⎢⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎦
13 ⎛x⎞ -2 3
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ - ⎜ ⎟ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ [2x ]
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠⎝ ⎠
y' =
2
⎡ 2 1 3⎤
⎛
⎢⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ⎥⎞
⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎦
1 3 ⎛ 2 x2 ⎞ -2 3
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ - ⎜ ⎟ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎜ 3 ⎟⎝ ⎠
y' = ⎝ ⎠
2
⎡ 2 1 3⎤
⎛
⎢⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ⎥ ⎞
⎢⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎦
⎛ ⎞ ⎡ 23 13 ⎤
⎜ ⎟ ⎢ 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ - 2x 2 ⎥
13 ⎜ 2 x2 ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ - ⎜
⎟ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
⎝ ⎠ 23 ⎟ 2 3
⎜⎜ 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎟⎟ 3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
y' = =
23 23
⎡ x 2 + 4⎤ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎝ ⎠
Producto de extremos es igual al producto de medios
⎡3⎛ x 2 + 4 ⎞ - 2x 2 ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎜⎝ ⎟
⎠ ⎥⎦
23
3 ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ 3 x 2 + 12 - 2x 2
y' = = =
23 23 23
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ 3⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
x 2 + 12
y' = =
43
⎛⎜ x 2 + 4 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
2
⎛ 3x - 1 ⎞
y=⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ x + 3⎠
49
En este caso se utiliza la derivada del cociente
2
⎛ 3x - 1 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ x + 3⎠
f ' (x ) =
dx
⎛ 3x - 1 ⎞
Es necesario hallar la derivada interna de ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ x + 3⎠
⎛ 3x - 1 ⎞ d ⎛ 3x - 1 ⎞
= (2) ⎜
dy ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
dx ⎜ 2 ⎟ dx ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ x + 3⎠ ⎝ x + 3⎠
dy ⎛⎜ 6x - 2 ⎞⎟ d ⎛⎜ 3x - 1 ⎞⎟
=
dx ⎜⎝ x 2 + 3 ⎟⎠ dx ⎜⎝ x 2 + 3 ⎟⎠
⎡⎧ ⎫⎤
⎢ ⎪ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 3 ⎞⎟ d (3x - 1) - (3x - 1) d ⎛⎜ x 2 + 3 ⎞⎟ ⎪⎥
dy ⎛⎜ 6x - 2 ⎞⎟ ⎢ ⎪ ⎝ ⎠ dx dx ⎝ ⎠ ⎪⎥
= ⎨ ⎬⎥
⎜ 2
dx ⎝ x + 3 ⎠ ⎪ ⎟ ⎢ 2
⎢⎪ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎪⎥
⎜ x + 3⎟ ⎪⎭⎦
⎣ ⎩ ⎝ ⎠
⎡ ⎤
⎛⎜ x 2 + 3 ⎞⎟ (3) - (3x - 1)(2x ) ⎥
dy ⎛ 6x - 2 ⎞ ⎢ ⎝ ⎠
=⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎥
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥
dx ⎝ x + 3⎠ ⎢ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 3 ⎞⎟
2
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎛ 6x - 2 ⎞ ⎢ 2 2 ⎥
dy ⎟⎢ 3x + 9 - 6x + 2x ⎥
=⎜
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥
dx ⎝ x + 3⎠ ⎢ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 3 ⎞⎟
2
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎛ 6x - 2 ⎞ ⎢ ⎥
dy ⎟⎢ - 3x 2 + 9 + 2x ⎥
=⎜
⎜ 2 ⎟ 2 ⎥
dx ⎝ x + 3⎠ ⎢ ⎛⎜ x 2 + 3 ⎞⎟
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎛ 3x - 1 ⎞ - 3x + 9 + 2x ⎥
⎢ 2
= (2 )⎜
dy ⎟⎢ ⎥
dx ⎜ 2 ⎟⎢ 2 ⎥
⎝ x + 3⎠
⎢ ⎛⎜ x + 3 ⎞⎟
2
⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎢ 2 ⎥
- 3x + 9 + 2x ⎥
= (2)(3x - 1) ⎢
dy
dx ⎢ 3 ⎥
⎢ ⎛⎜ x + 3 ⎞⎟
2 ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
(2)(3 x - 1) ⎛⎜ - 3x 2 + 9 + 2x ⎞⎟
dy
= ⎝ ⎠
dx 3
⎛⎜ x 2 + 3 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
50
⎛ ⎞
Derivar f (x ) = (x - 1) ⎜ x 2 − 2x + 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Primer termino = (x – 1)
⎛ ⎞ 12
Segundo termino = ⎜⎜ x 2 − 2 x + 2 ⎟⎟ = ⎛⎜ x 2 - 2x + 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
f ' (x ) = (x - 1 )
d 2
dx
[
x - 2x + 2
12 ⎛
⎝
] ⎞ d
+ ⎜ x 2 - 2x + 2 ⎟ [ x - 1]
⎠ dx
[
f ' (x ) = (x - 1 ) * (2x - 2 ) x 2 - 2x + 2
1
2
-1 2 ⎛
⎝
] ⎞
+ ⎜ x 2 - 2x + 2 ⎟[ 1]
⎠
f ' (x ) =
(x - 1)(2 x − 2) ⎛ ⎞
+ ⎜ x 2 - 2x + 2 ⎟
2 x 2 - 2x + 2 ⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞
(x - 1)(2 x − 2) + 2 x 2 - 2x + 2 ⎜ x 2 - 2x + 2 ⎟
f ' (x ) = ⎝ ⎠
2 x 2 - 2x + 2
f (x ) =
' ( (
x - 1)(2 x − 2 ) + 2 x 2 - 2x + 2 )
2 x 2 - 2x + 2
2x 2 - 2x - 2x + 2 + 2x 2 - 4x + 4
f ' (x ) =
2 x 2 - 2x + 2
4x 2 - 8x + 6
f ' (x ) =
2 x 2 - 2x + 2
2(2x 2 - 4x + 3)
f ' (x ) =
2 x 2 - 2x + 2
2 x 2 - 4x + 3
f ' (x ) =
x2 - 2 x + 2
51
Sección 3.5 calculo Larson Edic 5 Pág. 143
Completar la tabla siguiendo el modelo del ejemplo 2
y = x2 −1 u = x2 - 1 y= u
2 ⎛ 3x ⎞
⎛ 3x ⎞
y=⎜ ⎟ u =⎜ ⎟ y = (u )2
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
y = (x2 - 3x + 4)6 u = (x2 - 3x + 4) y = (u)6
y = (5x - 2)3/2 u = (5x - 2) y = (u)3/2
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero: du
dy d
= (2x - 7 )3
du du
= (3)(2x - 7 )3 −1
dy
du
= (3)(2x - 7 )2
dy
du
du
Después se halla: dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (2x – 7)
du d (2x - 7 )
= = 2 x1-1 - 0
dx dx
du
= 2
dx
52
= (3)(2x - 7 )2 (2 )
dy
dx
= (2x - 7 )2 (6 )
dy
dx
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero du
dy d
=
du du
3x 2 + 1(4
)
dy
du
(
= (4 ) 3 x 2 + 1
4 −1
)
dy
du
(
= (4 ) 3 x 2 + 1
3
)
du
Después se halla: dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (3 x2 + 1)
y = (3 x2 + 1)4 = (u)4
(
du d 3 x 2 + 1
=
)
= 2 (3) x 2 -1 + 0
dx dx
du
= 6x
dx
Reemplazando en la ecuación de la regla de la cadena
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
dx
( 3
= (4 ) 3 x 2 + 1 (6x ) )
dy
dx
( 3
= 3 x 2 + 1 (24x ) )
Sección 3.5 calculo Larson Edic 5 Pág. 143
Problema # 9
Hallar la derivada usando la regla de la cadena.
53
4
g (x) = 3 (9x - 4)
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero du
3 (9 x - 4 )4
dy d
=
du du
= (3)(4 )(9 x - 4 )4 −1
dy
du
= (12 )(9 x - 4 )3
dy
du
du
Después se halla: dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (9 x - 4)
du d (9x - 4 )
= = 9 x1-1 - 0
dx dx
du
= 9
dx
Reemplazando en la ecuación de la regla de la cadena
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
= (12 )(9x - 4 )3 (9 )
dy
dx
= (9 x - 4 )3 (108 )
dy
dx
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero du
dy d ⎛ 2 ⎞ 3
= 2 ⎜ x - 1⎟
du du ⎝ ⎠
54
3 −1
= (2 )(3) ⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
dy
du ⎝ ⎠
2
= (6 ) ⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
dy
du ⎝ ⎠
du
Después se halla: dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = ( x2 - 1)
d⎛⎜ x 2 - 1⎞⎟
du ⎝ ⎠
= = 2 x 2 -1 - 0
dx dx
du
= 2x
dx
2
= (6 ) ⎛⎜ x 2 - 1 ⎞⎟ (2 x )
dy
dx ⎝ ⎠
2
= ⎜ x - 1 ⎞⎟ (12 x )
dy ⎛ 2
dx ⎝ ⎠
Hallar la derivada
1
y=
x−2
⎛ 1 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
y' = ⎝ x -2⎠
dx
(x − 2 ) d
(1) - (1) d (x - 2)
y' = dx dx
(x - 2) 2
y' =
(x − 2)(0) - (1)(1)
(x - 2)2
−1
y' =
(x - 2)2
Sección 3.5 calculo Larson Edic 5 Pág. 143
55
Problema # 12
Hallar la derivada
1
s (t) =
t 2 + 3t − 1
⎛ 1 ⎞
d⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
t + 3t - 1 ⎠
s' = ⎝
dx
⎛⎜ t 2 + 3t − 1⎞⎟ (0 ) - (1)(2 t + 3)
s =⎝
' ⎠
2
⎛⎜ t 2 + 3t - 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
- (2 t + 3)
s' =
2
⎛⎜ t 2 + 3t - 1⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎧
⎛ ⎞ ⎪
⎪
(t - 3) d (1) - (1) d (t - 3) ⎫⎪⎪
f ' (t ) = ⎜
2 dx dx
⎟⎨ ⎬
⎝ t -3⎠ ⎪ (t - 3) 2 ⎪
⎪⎩ ⎪⎭
56
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎧⎪ (t - 3)(0) - (1)(1) ⎫⎪
f ' (t ) = ⎜ ⎟⎨ ⎬
⎝ t - 3 ⎠ ⎪⎩ (t - 3)2 ⎪⎭
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎧⎪ (t - 3)(0) - (1) ⎫⎪
f ' (t ) = ⎜ ⎟⎨ ⎬
⎝ t - 3 ⎠ ⎪⎩ (t - 3)2 ⎪⎭
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎧⎪ - (1) ⎫⎪
f ' (t ) = ⎜ ⎟⎨ ⎬
⎝ t - 3 ⎠ ⎪⎩ (t - 3)2 ⎪⎭
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛⎜ - 1 ⎞
f ' (t ) = ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎝ t - 3 ⎠ ⎜⎝ (t - 3)2 ⎟
⎠
f ' (t ) =
-2
(t - 3)(t - 3)2
f ' (t ) =
-2
(t - 3)3
⎡ -4 ⎤
d⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ (t + 2 )2 ⎥⎦
y'=
dx
Es necesario hallar la derivada interna de (t + 2)
⎧ ⎫
⎪ (t + 2) (- 4 ) - (- 4) ( t + 2 )2 ⎪
d d
⎪ ⎪⎡ d ⎤
y' = ⎨ ⎬⎢ (t + 2 )⎥
dx dx
⎪ ⎡( t + 2 ) 2 ⎤
2 ⎪⎣ dx ⎦
⎪⎩ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
⎧ ⎛ d ⎞⎫
⎪ (t + 2)(0 ) - (- 4)(2)(t + 2)⎜ dx (t + 2 )⎟ ⎪
⎪
y' = ⎨ ⎝ ⎠ ⎪[1]
⎬
⎪ [t + 2]4 ⎪
⎪⎩ ⎪⎭
⎧⎪ 8(t + 2)(1) ⎫⎪
y' = ⎨ ⎬
⎪⎩ [t + 2]4 ⎪⎭
8 (t + 2 )
y' =
(t + 2)4
8
y' =
(t + 2)3
57
Sección 3.5 calculo Larson Edic 5 Pág. 143
Problema # 14
Hallar la derivada usando la regla de la cadena.
-4
y=
(t + 2)2
(Recomendable utilizar la regla del exponente)
-2
y = - 4 (t + 2)
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero du
- 4 ( t + 2 )− 2
dy d
=
du du
= (- 4 )(- 2 )(t + 2 )− 2 −1
dy
du
= (8)(t + 2 )− 3
dy
du
du
Después se halla: dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = ( t + 2)
-2 -2
y = (t + 2) = (u)
du d (t + 2 )
= = x1-1 + 0
dx dx
du d (t + 2 )
= = 1
dx dx
= (8)(t + 2 )- 3 (1)
dy
dx
= (8)(t + 2 )- 3
dy
dx
dy 8
=
dx (t + 2 )3
58
f (x ) =
3
( x 3 - 4)
(Recomendable utilizar la regla del exponente)
-1
F (x) = 3 (x3 - 4)
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero du
dy d ⎛ 3 ⎞ −1
= 3 ⎜ x - 4⎟
du du ⎝ ⎠
−1−1
= (3)(- 1) ⎛⎜ x 3 - 4 ⎞⎟
dy
du ⎝ ⎠
− 2
= (- 3) ⎛⎜ x 3 - 4 ⎞⎟
dy
du ⎝ ⎠
du
Después se halla: dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (x3 - 4)
-1 -1
y = (x3 - 4) = (u)
d⎛⎜ x 3 − 4 ⎞⎟
= ⎝ ⎠ = (3) x 3-1 − 0
du
dx dx
d⎛⎜ x 3 − 4 ⎞⎟
= ⎝ ⎠ = 3 x2
du
dx dx
= (8)(t + 2 )- 3 (1)
dy
dx
= (8)(t + 2 )- 3
dy
dx
dy 8
=
dx (t + 2 )3
59
f(x) = x2 (x - 2)4
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
f ' (x ) = ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero du
d ⎛ 2
f ' (x ) = ⎜ x (x - 2 ) ⎞⎟
4
du ⎝ ⎠
d ⎛ d ⎛ 2⎞
f ' (x ) = x 2 ⎜ (x - 2 )4 ⎞⎟ + (x − 2 )4 ⎜x ⎟
du ⎝ ⎠ dx ⎝ ⎠
f ' (x ) = 4x 2 (x − 2 )3 + (x − 2 )4 (2 )(x )
f ' (x ) = 4x 2 (x − 2 )3 + (2 x )(x − 2 )4
Factor común
2x(x – 2)3
f ' (x ) = ⎡ 2x (x − 2 )3 ⎤ [2x + (x − 2 ) ]
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
f ' (x ) = ⎡2x (x − 2 )3 ⎤ [2x + x - 2 ]
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
f ' (x ) = ⎡ 2x (x − 2 )3 ⎤ [3x - 2 ]
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
f ' (x ) = (2x )(x - 2 )3 [3x - 2 ]
f (t ) = 1 - t
f (t ) = 1 - t = (1 - t )1 2
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
f ' (t ) = ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
Se halla primero du
60
d ⎛
f ' (t ) = ⎜ (1 - t )1 2 ⎞⎟
du ⎝ ⎠
⎛1⎞
f ' (t ) = ⎜ ⎟ (1 - t )−1 2 −1
⎝2⎠
⎛1⎞
f ' (t ) = ⎜ ⎟ (1 - t )−1 2
⎝2⎠
⎛ ⎞
f ' (t ) = ⎜ ⎟
1
⎜ 2 (1 - t )1 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
du
Después se halla: dx (es decir la derivada de la parte interna dentro del paréntesis)
la función interior u = (1 - t)
f (t ) = (1 - t )1 2
f (t ) = (u )1 2
du d (1 - t )
= = −1
dx dx
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ du ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
dx ⎝ du ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
=
1
(- 1)
dx 2 (1 - t )1 2
dy -1
=
dx 2 (1 - t )1 2
dy -1
=
dx 2 1 - t
61