Clase 12 D. Ciclo Combinado
Clase 12 D. Ciclo Combinado
Clase 12 D. Ciclo Combinado
EJEMPLO.-
Ciclo a gas: T5 = 300 K , T7 = 1300 K ; ηc = 0.80 ; ηt = 0.85
rP= 8 = P6/P5 = P7/P8
Proceso 5-6 compresión isentropica
Punto 5: T5 = 300 K (de tabla A-17) ; h5= 300.19 kJ/kg ; Pr5 = 1.386
Punto 6: Pr6 = Pr5 (P6/P5 ) = 1.386(8) = 11.09 entonces de tabla A-17
T6 = 540 K y h6= 544.35 kJ/kg
Proceso 7-8 expansión isentropica
T7 = 1300 K entonces h7 = 1395.7 kJ/kg ; Pr7 = 330.9 ( tabla A-17)
Pr8 = Pr7 (P8/P7 ) = (330.9)(1/8) = 41.36 , de tabla A-17
T8 = 770 K y h8s= 789.37 kJ/kg
Compresor: Wcomp,a = Ws/ηc = (h6s- h5)/ηc =(544.35 - 300.19 )/0.80 =305.20 kJ/kg
Turbina: Wturb ,a = Wturb ,a = (h7- h8s)*ηt = (1395.7 - 789.37)*0.85 = 515.6 kJ/kg ;
Wneto, gas = Wturb,a –Wcomp,a = 515.6 - 305.20 = 210.4 kJ/kg gas
h6a = h5 + Wcomp, a = 300.19 + 305.20 = 605.39 kJ/kg( y de taba A-17) ,
(T6a = 598 K)
Calculo del Qent = (h7- h6a) = 1395.7 - 605.39 = 790.58 kJ/kg
Eficiencia termica del ciclo a gas ; ηth = Wneto /Qent = (210.4 kJ/kg )/(790.58 kJ/kg) =
ηth = 0.266 o 26.6 %
ηt = 0.85 = (Wa/Ws) = (h7 - h8a)/(h7 - h8s ) = (1395.7 - h8a)/(1395.7 - 789.37)
h8a = 880.36 kJ/kg
Ciclo a vapor de agua
Punto 1 : h1 = hf a 5 kPa = 177.75 kJ/kg , v= v f a 5Kpa = 0.001005 m3/kg
Bomba: Wbomba = v(P2-P1) = 0.001005 m3/kg *(7000 -5 )kPa x 1kJ/1kPa-m3
Wbomba = 7.03 kJ/kg
Punto 3: (P = 7 MPa , T = 500 °C ; h3 = 3411.4 kJ/kg , S3 = 6.800 kJ/kg.K
Punto 2 : h2 = h1 + Wbomba = 137.75 + 7.03 = 144.78 kJ/kg ( T2 ≈33 °C)
Punto 4 : S4 = S3 , Sf a 5 kPa = 0.4762 kJ/kg.K ; Sfg = 7.9176 kJ/kg.K
X = (S4 - Sf ) /(Sfg ) = (6.800 - 0.4762)/ 7.9176 = 0.799
h4 = hf a 5 kPa + Xhfg = 177.75 kJ/kg + 0.799 * 2423 kJ/kg = 2073 kJ/kg
Wturb = ( h3 – h4 ) = (3411.4 kJ/kg - 2073 kJ/kg ) = 1338 kJ/kg
Wneto = Wturb –Wbomba = (1338 kJ/kg - 7.03 kJ/kg) = 1331 kJ/kg vapor
Eficiencia termica del ciclo a vapor ; ηth = Wneto /Qent
Qent = (h3 - h2 ) = (3411.4 kJ/kg - 144.78 kJ/kg ) = 3266 kJ/kg
ηth = Wneto /Qent = (1331 kJ/kg )/ 3266 kJ/kg = 0.408 o 40.8%