Between 1994 and 2015, militarized aerial fumigation was a central component of US-Colombia antidrug policy. Crop duster planes sprayed a concentrated formula of Monsanto's herbicide, glyphosate, over illicit crops, and also forests, soils, pastures, livestock, watersheds, subsistence food and human bodies. Given that a national peace agreement was signed in 2016 between FARC-EP guerrillas and the state to end Colombia's over five decades of war, certain government officials are quick to proclaim aerial fumigation of glyphosate an issue of the past. Rural communities, however, file quejas (complaints or grievances) seeking compensation from the state for the ongoing effects of the destruction of their licit agro-forestry. At the interfaces of feminist science and technology studies and anthropology, this article examines how evidentiary claims are mobilized when war deeply politicizes and moralizes technoscientific knowledge production. By ethnographically tracking the grievances filed by small farmers, I reveal the extent to which evidence circulating in zones of war - tree seedlings, subsistence crops, GPS coordinates and bureaucratic documents - retains (or not) the imprints of violence and toxicity. Given the systematic rejection of compensation claims, farmers engage in everyday material practices that attempt to transform chemically degraded ecologies. These everyday actualizations of justice exist both alongside and outside contestation over the geopolitically backed violence of state law. Rather than simply contrasting everyday acts of justice with denunciatory claims made against the state, farmers' reparative practices produce an evidentiary ecology that holds the state accountable while also ' senti-actuando' (feel-acting) alternative forms of justice.

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: The health of the cat is a complex interaction between its environment (nurture) and its genetics (nature). Over 70 genetic mutations (variants) have been defined in the cat, many involving diseases, structural abnormalities and clinically relevant health concerns. As more of the cats genome is deciphered, less commonly will the term idiopathic be used regarding the diagnosis of diseases and unique health conditions. State-of-the-art health care will include DNA profiling of the individual cat, and perhaps its tumor, to establish the best treatment approaches. Genetic testing and eventually whole genome sequencing should become routine diagnostics for feline health care. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE: Cat breeds have disseminated around the world. Thus, practitioners should be aware of the breeds common to their region and the mutations found in those regional populations. Specific random-bred populations can also have defined genetic characteristics and mutations. AUDIENCE: This review of the good, the bad and the ugly DNA variants provides the current state of knowledge for genetic testing and genetic health management for cats. It is aimed at feline and general practitioners wanting to update and review the basics of genetics, what tests are available for cats and sources for genetic testing. The tables are intended to be used as references in the clinic. Practitioners with a high proportion of cat breeder clientele will especially benefit from the review. EVIDENCE BASE: The data presented is extracted from peer-reviewed publications pertaining to mutation identification, and relevant articles concerning the heritable trait and/or disease. The author also draws upon personal experience and expertise in feline genetics.

We investigate unimodular random networks. Our motivations include their characteri- zation via reversibility of an associated random walk and their similarities to unimodular quasi-transitive graphs. We extend various theorems concerning random walks, percolation, spanning forests, and amenability from the known context of unimodular quasi-transitive graphs to the more general context of unimodular random networks. We give properties of a trace associated to unimodular random networks with applications to stochastic comparison of continuous-time random walk. © 2007 Applied Probability Trust.

Multi-photon nonlinear laser wave-mixing spectroscopy is presented as a sensitive optical detection method for environmentally hazardous gases with isotope-level spectral resolution. When compared to other detection techniques, degenerate four-wave mixing offers unique advantages including high spatial resolution, excellent sensitivity and small laser probe volumes that are suitable for diagnostic studies. Unlike those in conventional optical methods, the wave-mixing signal is a coherent laser-like beam, and as such, it can be spatially and optically modulated to enhance signal-to-noise ratios. This signal also has a quadratic dependence on analyte concentration, making it a powerful tool for detecting small changes in analyte properties. In addition, the nonlinear signal has a cubic dependence on laser power, which provides excellent detection sensitivity as well as the ability to use low-power laser sources such as portable solid-state laser diodes. Four-wave mixing is demonstrated as a powerful tool for in-situ diagnostics. This novel optical setup allows simultaneous collection of signals from two distinct wave-mixing geomtries in a common analytical atomizer (radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma torch). Experimental data fit well to those calculated based on an iterative perturbation model, resulting in reliable determination of temperature and electron density levels for the analytical zone of the ICP atomizer. Three dimensional mapping yields temperature levels ranging from 3,500 to 14,000 K ± 150 K and electron density levels from 6.1 (± 0.3) x 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ to 10.1 (± 0.3) x 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ with 5 % uncertainty. Nonlinear wave mixing is also used for sensitive detection of atomic oxygen and chlorine with isotope or hyperfine spectral resolution. Preliminary mass detection limits of 3.48 picograms and 2.2 picograms are reported for oxygen and chlorine, respectively. Isotope and hyperfine splittings for chlorine-35 and chlorine-37 are obtained from a sample of the environmental contaminant, Freon 113. Mid-infrared laser absorption techniques are applied to molecular detection of environmental pollutants using an 8 &mum quantum cascade laser. Nitrous oxide and CFC Freon 113 are detected in their native forms at room temperature and room pressure. A preliminary concentration detection limit of 3 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) is determined for gas-phase acetone analytes.

Digitization has facilitated the proliferation of crowd science by lowering the cost of finding individuals with the willingness to participate in science without pay. However, the factors that influence participation and the outcomes of voluntary participation are unclear. We report two findings from a field experiment on the worlds largest crowd science platform that tests how voluntary contributions to science are affected by providing clarifying information on either the desired outcome of a scientific task or the labor requirements for completing the task. First, there is significant heterogeneity in the motivations and ability of contributors to crowd science. Second, both of the information interventions lead to significant decreases in the quantity and increases in the quality of contributions. Combined, our findings are consistent with the information interventions improving match quality between the task and the volunteer. Our findings suggest that science can be democratized by engaging individuals with varying skill levels and motivations with small changes in the information provided to participants.