الگو:آوا/توضیحات

استفاده

الگو:آوا is most useful when there are multiple instances of the IPA on a page. It contains

<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">{{{1}}}</span>

I.e., it simply specifies CSS class IPA.

This allows fixing broken display of International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) characters in MS Internet Explorer 6 for Windows, and choice of style in any browser.

The font declarations are in MediaWiki:Common.css. Registered Wikipedia users can specify their own style for IPA text by editing, for each project, their user style sheet, e.g. monobook.css. Users can also specify the style locally in their browser, which works across projects.

مثال

Placing a phonetic rendering of the word characters in Template:IPA:

{{آوا|ˈkærəktɚz}}

که می دهد:

<span عنوان="آوا نویسی جهت درست خواندن متن (آوا)" class="آوا">ˈkærəktɚz</span>

که می دهد:

ˈkærəktɚz

بدون الگوآوا:

/ˈkærəktɚz/

[The last two should only look different if you are using Internet Explorer 6 or lower on Windows, or if you have a custom style defined for IPA text.]

Please place all IPA text into Template:IPA, even if it doesn't have any special IPA characters, like this: [aɪ piː eɪ]. This will allow users to format all examples of IPA text consistently, with their choice of fonts, colours, etc.

Choosing an IPA template

Usage of IPA pronunciation templates

Wikipedia offers several templates for proper display of IPA transcriptions.

IPA font

In general, IPA symbols on a page should be enclosed in the {{IPA}} template, which formats the text in an IPA-producing font. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, it is customary to post notice of that fact with {{IPA notice|lang=en}}, though each token still requires the {{IPA}} template for proper formatting.

If there are not enough occurrences to warrant a notice, then consider a template that links to an IPA key for the first instance of the IPA on a page or section.

English words

For English words, in a broad, non-regional transcription, as when giving the pronunciation of a key word in an article, use templates linking to Help:IPA for English, a chart of the subset of the IPA that is relevant to English:

• • {{IPA-en}}, appearing as: آوایش انگلیسی: /word/ (also /word/, انگلیسی: /word/, تلفظ می‌شود /word/, as below)
  • {{pron-en}}, appearing as: تلفظ می‌شود راهنما:الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی انگلیسی,

Foreign words

For foreign words that are not assimilated into English, regional pronunciations of English words, and non-standard English dialects, use templates linking to the more general Help:IPA chart, containing all major IPA symbols:

• • {{IPA-all}}, appearing as: آی‌پی‌ای: [word], or
  • for specific languages, there may be dedicated IPA keys for standardized transcription. There are several options for their display. The first cell includes the ISO code of the language; the second is the transcription; the third keys an introductory phrase; and the fourth is space for a sound file. Using the French word eau [o] as an example, we have the default format:

• {{IPA-fr|o}} → تلفظ فرانسوی: ​[o]

Or the word "pronounced" can be used as the introduction:

• {{IPA-fr|o|pron}} → تلفظ می‌شود [o]

Language name only:

• {{IPA-fr|o|lang}} → فرانسوی: [o]

"IPA" only:

• {{IPA-fr|o|IPA}} → IPA: [o]

Link only:

• {{IPA-fr|o|}} → [o]

Any of these may be combined with a sound file:

• {{IPA-fr|o|lang|Fr-eau.ogg}} → فرانسوی: [o] ()

For the default introductory phrase, however, a placeholder such as ‹-› is required:

• {{IPA-fr|o|-|Fr-eau.ogg}} → تلفظ فرانسوی: [o] ()

Supported languages and their templates

Albanian: {{IPA-sq}} Arabic: {{IPA-ar}} & {{IPA-arz}} (Egyptian) زبان ارمنی: {{IPA-hy}} Arpitan: {{IPA-frp}} Astur-Leonese: {{IPA-ast}}, {{IPA-le}}, {{IPA-mwl}}, {{IPA-ext}} Australian Aboriginal languages: {{IPA-aus}} Basque: {{IPA-eu}} Belarusian: {{IPA-be}} Berber (Tamaziɣt): {{IPA-tam}} Bulgarian and Macedonian: {{IPA-mk}} & {{IPA-bg}} Burmese: {{IPA-my}} Cantonese: {{IPA-yue}} Catalan: {{IPA-ca}} & {{IPA-va}} Czech and Slovak: {{IPA-cs}} Danish: {{IPA-da}} Dutch, Flemish, and Afrikaans: {{IPA-nl}} & {{IPA-af}} English: {{IPA-en}} (see also {{IPAc-en}} below) Fijian: {{IPA-fj}} Finnish and Estonian: {{IPA-fi}} & {{IPA-et}} French: {{IPA-fr}} (see also {{IPAc-fr}} below) Georgian: {{IPA-ka}} German: {{IPA-de}} & {{IPA-gsw}} Greek: {{IPA-el}} Haitian Creole: {{IPA-ht}} Hawaiian: {{IPA-haw}} Hebrew: {{IPA-he}} Hindustani: {{IPA-hns}}, {{IPA-hi}}, {{IPA-ur}} Hungarian: {{IPA-hu}} (see also {{IPAc-hu}} below) Icelandic: {{IPA-is}} Irish: {{IPA-ga}} (see also {{IPAc-ga}} below) Italian: {{IPA-it}} Japanese: {{IPA-ja}} Khmer: {{IPA-km}} Korean: {{IPA-ko}} Lao-Isan: {{IPA-lo}} Latin: {{IPA-la}} Malagasy: {{IPA-mg}} Malay and Indonesian: {{IPA-may}} زبان ماندارین: {{IPA-cmn}} (see also {{IPAc-cmn}} below) Manx: {{IPA-gv}} Nahuatl: {{IPA-nah}} Occitan: {{IPA-oc}} Persian: {{IPA-fa}} Polish: {{IPA-pl}} (see also {{IPAc-pl}} below) Portuguese and Galician: {{IPA-pt}} & {{IPA-gl}} Romanian: {{IPA-ro}} Russian: {{IPA-ru}} زبان سانسکریت: {{IPA-sa}} Scottish Gaelic: {{IPA-gd}} Serbian and Croatian: {{IPA-sh}}, {{IPA-hr}}, {{IPA-sr}} Spanish: {{IPA-es}} Swedish and Norwegian: {{IPA-sv}} & {{IPA-no}} Tagalog (Filipino): {{IPA-tl}} Tamil: {{IPA-ta}} Thai: {{IPA-th}} Tibetan: {{IPA-bo}} Turkish and Azeri: {{IPA-tr}} Ukrainian: {{IPA-uk}} Vietnamese: {{IPA-vi}} Welsh: {{IPA-cy}} Yiddish: {{IPA-yi}}

IPA-all for not-supported languages

Redirects have been created for languages which do not yet have dedicated templates. Transcriptions which use these redirects will link to {{IPA-all}} for the time being; when a language-specific template is created the articles will be linked correctly. For example, you can use {{IPA-jv|word}} for Javanese, but for the moment it will be redirected to {{IPA-all}}, producing آی‌پی‌ای: [word].

Languages and language extensions (IPA-iso) with redirects to IPA-all

{{IPA-all}} (transcriptions not specific to any language, or which have not yet been reassigned) {{IPA-ace}} Acehnese {{IPA-ain}} Ainu {{IPA-ak}} Akan (Fante, Twi) {{IPA-alg}} Algonquian (Micmac, Cree) {{IPA-am}} Amharic {{IPA-an}} Aragonese {{IPA-ang}} Old English/Anglo-Saxon {{IPA-arn}} Mapuche {{IPA-art}} artificial (Esperanto, Tolkien, etc.) {{IPA-ath}} Athabaskan (Dene, Navajo) {{IPA-ay}} Aymara {{IPA-azc}} Uto-Aztecan (Shoshone, Comanche) {{IPA-ba}} Bashkir {{IPA-bm}} Manding/Bambara {{IPA-bn}} Bengali, Assamese {{IPA-bodia}} Bodish {{IPA-br}} Breton {{IPA-cau}} (North) Caucasian {{IPA-cel}} Celtic (Brythonic, Gaulish) {{IPA-ch}} Chamorro {{IPA-csb}} Kashubian {{IPA-cv}} Chuvash {{IPA-dedia}} German dialects {{IPA-dv}} Dhivehi {{IPA-ee}} Gbe (Ewe, Fon) {{IPA-endia}} English dialects {{IPA-enm}} Middle English {{IPA-esdia}} Spanish dialects {{IPA-fo}} Faroese {{IPA-frdia}} French dial. (Canadian, Metis, Norman) {{IPA-fy}} Frisian {{IPA-gn}} Guarani {{IPA-gsw}} Alemannic (Swiss, Alsatian) {{IPA-gu}} Gujarati {{IPA-ha}} Hausa {{IPA-hak}} Hakka {{IPA-hmn}} Hmong {{IPA-ig}} Igbo {{IPA-ira}} Iranian (Old Persian, Kurdish, Pamir) {{IPA-iro}} Iroquoian (Mohawk, Cherokee) {{IPA-itdia}} Italian dial. (Corsican, Sicilian, Sardinian [also IPA-srd]) {{IPA-iu}} Inuit {{IPA-jv}} Javanese {{IPA-ki}} Kikuyu {{IPA-kk}} Kazakh {{IPA-kl}} Greenlandic {{IPA-kn}} Kannada {{IPA-kok}} Konkani {{IPA-kw}} Cornish {{IPA-ky}} Kyrgyz {{IPA-lg}} Ganda {{IPA-lij}} Ligurian (Genoese) {{IPA-lt}} Lithuanian {{IPA-ltc}} Middle Chinese {{IPA-lv}} Latvian {{IPA-mga}} Middle Irish {{IPA-mi}} Maori {{IPA-ml}} Malayalam {{IPA-mn}} Mongol {{IPA-mnw}} Mon {{IPA-moh}} Mohawk {{IPA-mos}} Mossi/Gurunsi {{IPA-mr}} Marathi {{IPA-mt}} Maltese {{IPA-mus}} Muskogean (Chickasaw, Creek) {{IPA-myn}} Maya(n) {{IPA-nan}} Minnan/Taiwanese {{IPA-ne}} Nepali {{IPA-non}} Old Norse {{IPA-ny}} Chewa {{IPA-oax}} Oaxaca (Zapotec, Mixe, Otomi) {{IPA-or}} Oriya {{IPA-pa}} Punjabi {{IPA-pms}} Piedmontese {{IPA-poly}} (other) Polynesian {{IPA-ps}} Pashto {{IPA-qu}} Quecha {{IPA-rm}} Romansh {{IPA-rw}} Rwanda-Rundi {{IPA-ryu}} Okinawan langs {{IPA-sal}} Salish & NW Coast {{IPA-sco}} Scots {{IPA-sd}} Sindhi {{IPA-sei}} Seri {{IPA-sem}} (ancient) Semitic, Egyptian {{IPA-sga}} Old Irish {{IPA-shn}} Shan {{IPA-si}} Sinhala {{IPA-sio}} Siouan (Omaha, Lakota) {{IPA-sl}} Slovene {{IPA-sla}} Slavic (Old Slavic, Silesian, Sorbian) {{IPA-sm}} Samoan {{IPA-sn}} Shona {{IPA-so}} Somali {{IPA-st}} Sotho {{IPA-su}} Sundanese {{IPA-sw}} Swahili {{IPA-te}} Telugu {{IPA-tn}} Tswana {{IPA-to}} Tongan {{IPA-tt}} Tatar {{IPA-tyv}} Tuvan {{IPA-ug}} Uyghur {{IPA-uz}} Uzbek {{IPA-wo}} Wolof {{IPA-wuu}} Wu/Shanghainese {{IPA-xh}} Nguni (Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi) {{IPA-xx}} (misc. languages with only a few transcriptions apiece, or unidentified) {{IPA-yo}} Yoruba {{IPA-zu}} Nguni (Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi)

Conversion to IPA

Another type of language-specific template allows you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) from a given language for automatic conversion to phonetic symbols. Those currently available are {{IPAc-ar}} for Arabic, {{IPAc-cmn}} for Mandarin, {{IPAc-en}} for English, {{IPAc-fr}} for French, {{IPAc-ga}} for Irish, {{IPAc-hu}} for Hungarian, {{IPAc-pl}} for Polish and {{IPAc-ja}} for Japanese. For example:

• {{IPAc-ar|2|a|l|l|u|gh|a|t_|a|l|3|a|r|a|b|i|y|y|a}} → [ʔalluɣat‿alʕarabijja]
• {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}} → [ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ]
• {{IPAc-en|'|s|&|n|d|k|a:|s|@l}} → ‎/ˈsndkɑːsəl/‎
• {{IPAc-fr|j|@|-|s|U|i|s_|a|m|é|r|i|c|ain}} → [ʒə&nbsp;sɥi.z‿ameʁikɛ̃]
• {{IPAc-ga|'|b|ai|l'|@|-|'|á|th|@|-|'|c'|l'|ia|th}} → [ˈbˠalʲə&nbsp;ˈaːhə&nbsp;ˈclʲiəh]
• {{IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|á|r}} → [ˈmɒɟaːr]
• {{IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}} → [ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin]

جستارهای وابسته

• {{respell}}, for pronunciation respellings, which may be used for English words in addition to the IPA
• {{lang-nci-IPA}}, for dual Nahuatl-IPA transcription