JSS, Vol. 112, Part 2 (December 2024) (2025)

Beyond Rebirth: Materiality and Recycling in Thai Amulets

Journal of Siam Studies, 2024

Determination of the Pressure Distribution and Fluctuations of the Transonic Flow in a Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade

Narratives as Ritual Histories: The Case of the Northern-Thai Buddhist Chronicles

Even if the corpus of Northern Thai “chronicles” or tamnan has not yet been fully documented or catalogued, it is safe to state that most tamnan tell and retell, reformulate, reframe and recycle Buddhist narratives with different degrees of fact and fiction. Traditional chronicles, as a relatively “free” or open genre, have actively exploited ancient formulas, templates and recipes from mainstream and regional Buddhist literature, together with Thai/Tai folklore, to bring new and multiple meanings into evolving historical situations. This is especially true for what are called the tham tamnan and puttha tamnan, but it also holds true for, at least in some aspects, the phuen or tamnan mueang. [...]

TECHNIQUES AND CRAFTSMANSHIP IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARLY IRON AGE ACHAEAN ARCHITECTURAL MODELS. A VOTIVE ROOF FROM THE NIKOLEIKA SANCTUARY

ANASTASIA GADOLOU, 2022

Jahan Malik Khatun: Gender, Canon, and Persona in the Poems of a Premodern Persian Princess

The Beloved in Middle Eastern Literatures: The Culture of Love and Languishing, ed. Alireza Korangy, Hanadi al-Samman, Michael C. Beard, (London, New York: I.B. Tauris):177-21, 330-337., 2018

Structures of Fear, Spaces of Hope

Anthropologica, 2009

Forecasting Farmers’ Term of Trade (FTT) in Java Island by applying Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) method

PROCEEDINGS OF THE II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND DIGITAL EDUCATION: (ASEDU-II 2021)

THE STATE AND SCOPE OF THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF DEVELOPING REGIONS

2010

This paper examines the state and scope of the study of economic history of developing regions, underlining the importance of knowledge of history for economic development. While the quality of the existing research on developing countries is impressive, the proportion of published research focusing on these regions is low. The dominance of economic history research on the North American and Western European success stories suggests the need for a forum for future research that contributes to our understanding of how institutions, path dependency, technological change and evolutionary processes shape economic growth in the developing parts of the world. Many valuable data sets and historical episodes relating to developing regions remain unexplored, and many interesting questions unanswered. This is exciting. Economic historians and other academics interested in the economic past have an opportunity to work to begin to unlock the complex reasons for differences in development, the factors behind economic disasters and the dynamics driving emerging success stories.

‘Make una listen o ...’ Codeswitching as a means of accommodation among the Edo-speaking people of Nigeria

Factors that Led to the Change of the Khmer Capitals from the 15th to 17th centuries

* For the enhancement of my knowledge in Japan, I owe an immense debt of thanks to my Professor Yoshiaki Ishizawa, for his immeasurable advice and support. Heartfelt thanks are due to Professor Cyril Veliath, Professor Masako Marui, and Professor Ang Choulean for their value advice, comments and editing my thesis, and help over the years. I would also like to thank to my seniors and friends for their help with regard to my thesis in commenting and accompanying me on-site field research. They are: Yukitsuku Tabata, Kong Vireak, Siyon Sophearith, Kim Samnang and others. 1 This article is a revising of a part of the author's Ph. D dissertation, which submitted to the Sophia University in 2013. 2 We estimate that it emerged as a state worthy of the name around the beginning of the Christian era. The name "Funan" first appears in the Chinese annals of the beginning of the 3 rd century. For a critique of the date from the Chinese original sources, see Ishizawa 2007b: 195-209, and for details regarding the question of Funan, see Coedès 1968 and Vickery 1998. 3 For the first comprehensive archaeological research on the city Oc-Eo, see Malleret 1960. 4 The recent researches on the city of Angkor Borei, see Stark 2001. history of Cambodia, occurred around 550 AD. As a determining factor, he noted the correlation to 5 Moreover, according to Chinese texts, the new powerful state of Chenla 6 conquered Funan around the second half of the 6 th century, and hereafter the name of Funan was not mentioned anymore in the Chinese texts. In the 7 th century, one of the great Khmer centers of power was in Sambor Prei Kuk. It was only however one of the capitals, and certainly the most brilliant of the time. Other power centers were scattered throughout the Khmer territory, in the present day provinces of Takeo, Prei Veng, 5 Groslier 1985-86: 37. 6 The name Chenla (or "Zhenla, or Tchenla" as it is sometimes written by researchers) appears only in Chinese texts, but we do not find any word in the Khmer or Sanskrit inscriptions corresponding to the Chinese pronunciation "t'sien-làp," Coedès 1968: 65. The Chinese envoy Zhou Daguan who visited Angkor in 1296-97 again used the name Chenla. See, Zhou Daguan 1967. Map 1 General Map of the Indochinese Peninsula and Khmer Capitals in the Middle Period and the area north of the Dangrek mountain range, in northeast (Isan) of present-day Thailand. 7 This indicates that the Khmer power was not yet a consolidated, centralized power. It was not until the early 9 th century that a "Khmer Empire," or a powerful centralized Khmer and centered in the Angkor region from the 9 th to the 15 th centuries. The extent of time that the capital remained in the same location is extraordinary, considering the fact of the earlier centuries of instability and re-location. Those involved with the historiography of the region mark the "Angkorian Period" as coming to an end at around the early 14 th century, and followed by the and this means the end of the Angkorian period does not match with the end or re-location of the Angkor capital city. The following is a chronological summary of the history of Cambodia: •Ancient period: lasted from the 6 th century to the 14 th century-Pre-Angkorian period: 6 th century-9 th century-Angkorian period: 9 th century-14 th century •Middle period: 14 th century-19 th century •Modern period: 19 th century-present day Chronological History and Royal Capitals: PERIOD CAPITAL Period "Funanese" AD 1 st century-mid-6 th century Oc-Eo (Mekong delta) in relationship with Angkor Borei (South of Cambodia) Pre-Angkorian (6 th-9 th century) Many capitals and cities reflected the fact that a Khmer power had not yet become centralized, but were divided in political unities. The most glamorous was Angkor Borei (especially in the 6 th century) and Sambor Prei Kuk (especially in the 7 th century) Angkorian (9 th-14 th century) In general "Angkor" [Mahendraparvata (Phnom Kulen), Hariharalaya (Roluos), Yashodhara] with a brief period in Chok Gargyar (Koh Ker) 14 th-mid-15 th century Angkor Mid-15 th century-mid-16 th century Srei Santhor (Basan), Chaktomukh (Phnom Penh), and Srei Santhor Mid-16 th century-1594 AD Longvek, with a royal sojourn at Angkor 17 th-19 th century Oudong From the table above, we see that in the Angkorian era, the Khmer capital and power exercised by a centralized government became located physically and functionally in the same area. It is his rule. According to the inscription of Sdok Kak Thom, the king proclaimed himself a universal monarch (or Chakravatin) and declared Cambodia's independence vis-à-vis Java by instituting a 8 on Phnom Kulen, represented by a sacred Linga. He stayed 7 For this was the limit of Khmer occupation in the northeast of present-day Thailand at the end of the 6 th century (during the reign of Bhavavarman and Citrasena), cf., Groslier 1980: 40. at the city on the top of Phnom Kulen. Then, he founded many villages in the Angkor region, and the Royal Palace where he actual resided was in Hariharalaya, present day Roluos. 9 He himself and his two successors, namely king Jayavarman III (834-877) and king Indravarman I (877-889), th century. At the end of the 9 th century, king Yashovarman I (889-910ca) moved the capital somewhat to the northwest, namely Yashodhara. It is not a change in capital, strictly speaking. Yashovarman I who made the transfer had in fact founded in Roluos a temple of Lolei, dedicated to his parents and maternal grandparents. This displacement of a very short distance was in response to a double motivation, namely colonizing new lands nearby and appropriating a space more suited to symbolically mark the capital, with Phnom Bakheng as the center. The king had also built a roadway embankment joining the Baray of Roluos to Phnom Bakheng, showing that there is no break between Roluos and Yashodhara. Worthy of note is the fact that the period of Angkor itself, at least from the 9 th to the 13 th centuries, was parallel to the great buildings constructed in the great Angkor region alongside marvelous sites such as Banteay Chhmar in the west and Bakan 10 , Wat Phu in the east, and Preah Vihear, Phimai, Phnom Rung in the north. In the southern areas, Angkorian buildings are much less impressive in size, meaning that different corresponding communities were demographically smaller. Throughout the history of Angkor, from the early 9 th century to the middle of the 15 th century there was only one change of capital, and it was moreover momentary, obviously due to 944 AD king Jayavarman IV relocated the capital of Angkor, Yashodhara, to about 80 km northeast to Koh Ker (the ancient capital named Chok Gargyar). However from 944, Yashodhara, which had never been actually abandoned, became once again the capital city. Overall we see that surprisingly there was stability despite the relocation of the capital. It should be noted that the "Angkorian Period" began when the capital "Angkor" became the cultural and political center. While the era ended and gave way to a new "Middle Period," the capital remained the same for almost another century and a half. There are several criteria that need to be considered for researchers to determine the change of a "period", which amounts roughly to one Cambodia's political power, leading to a gradual change in land use and a decline in agricultural production. However, a determining factor seems to have been the rise of the Sukhothai (later Siam), which challenged Cambodia's political and military domination, and in particular its domination "Middle Period", namely from the 14 th to 19 th centuries, that Cambodia adopted Theravada Buddhism that came from Siam, giving rise to changes in Cambodia's philosophical and religious orientations. That is to say, it gradually transformed the beliefs, practices, and culture of Cambodia, and with it the civilization and daily life of the people as well.