796 Vocable Anglais 796 210219
796 Vocable Anglais 796 210219
796 Vocable Anglais 796 210219
BREXIT
READY OR NOT? HOW THE WORLD SEES BREXIT AND
HOW BRITS ARE GETTING READY FOR IT
L 18716 - 796 H - F: 3,60 € - RD
AMÉLIE ARA
RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF Grand angle ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
On parle d'eux ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
de très près. Car le Brexit aura des conséquences indé- Nissan Figaro, la voiture Japonaise qui fait un tabac au Royaume-Uni.
niables, directes et indirectes, à l’échelle mondiale. Côté
A2-B1 À 360° 24
français, c’est avec une pensée émue que nous nous ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Culture
nos rivaux de toujours et meilleurs alliés.
Bonne lecture ! B2-C1 Asa Butterield interview THE INDEPENDENT (UK) ........................................................... 25
Rencontre avec l’acteur à l’aiche de la série Sex Education.
Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur
B2-C1 Joe Dunthorne on The Adulterants THE OBSERVER (UK) ................................... 27
L’auteur gallois se conie sur son nouveau roman, Les Désaccordés.
A2-B1
BONUS Les échos ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
angle
Howard Schultz
In the United States, the former Starbucks
CEO and billionaire Howard Schultz
announced that he is considering running
for president as an independent in 2020.
Describing himself as a “lifelong Democrat”
who would run as a “moderate,” he is to
travel the country for the next three months
as part of a book tour before deciding
whether to enter the presidential race.
Several prominent Democrats, including
Michael Bloomberg, the former mayor of
New York City who is expected to run for
the Democratic nomination in 2020, have
criticized his decision to run as an
independent, saying it would split the
anti-Trump vote.
former ancien / CEO = Chief Executive Oicer, PDG /
billionaire milliardaire / to consider envisager de / to run, ran,
run for (US) = to stand, stood, stood for (GB) for president
se présenter aux élections présidentielles / lifelong depuis
toujours / book tour tournée pour faire la promotion d’un livre /
(SIPA)
race ici course, élection / prominent de premier plan / mayor
maire / to split, split, split scinder, fragmenter.
(Mark Thomas/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
(REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
(SIPA)
Roger Stone, Donald Trump’s former political In a speech to the mark the centenary of the Alex Salmond, the former irst minister of
adviser, has been arrested as part of the Sandringham Women’s Institute, the Queen Scotland and central pro-independence
special counsel’s investigation into the 2016 made what has been perceived as an allusion political igure, has been charged with two
Trump campaign and its links to Russia. The to Brexit. “As we look for new answers in the counts of attempted rape and several counts
FBI indicted him on seven counts, including modern age, I for one prefer the tried and of sexual assault. The Scottish police have
witness tampering, obstruction and false tested recipes, like speaking well of each other been investigating him following an internal
statements about his interactions related to and respecting diferent points of view; inquiry by the Scottish government into
the release by WikiLeaks of hacked emails coming together to seek out the common allegations of sexual misconduct against him
during the 2016 presidential election. Stone, ground; and never losing sight of the bigger last year. Salmond stated that he was
who said he would plead not guilty, was picture,” she said. As head of state, she is “innocent of any criminality whatsoever.”
released on a $250,000 bond. required to remain politically neutral.
to be charged with être accusé de / count chef
adviser conseiller / special counsel ici, procureur age époque / I for one pour ma part / tried and d’accusation / attempted rape tentative de viol /
spécial / investigation enquête / link lien / to tested éprouvé / recipe recette, ici formule, sexual assault agression sexuelle / to investigate
indict inculper / count chef d’accusation / witness méthode / to seek, sought, sought out (re) enquêter sur / inquiry enquête / sexual
tampering subornation de témoin / false chercher / common ground terrain d’entente / the misconduct comportement(s) sexuel(s)
statement fausse déclaration / release difusion, bigger picture la situation dans son ensemble / to répréhensible(s) / to state airmer, déclarer /
publication / to hack pirater / to plead not guilty be required to être tenu(e) de. criminality ici, crimes / whatsoever d’aucune sorte.
plaider non coupable / bond caution.
The UK’s departure from the EU may pose a serious threat to developing countries that depend on
trade with Britain. According to a new report by the German Development Institute, Cambodia,
which sends 7.7% of its exports to the UK, would be especially afected. Malawi, which sends
3.4% of its exports to the UK, would be the second most afected country.
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NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Notre animatrice Shelly De Vito s’entretient avec Ian X, un survivaliste du groupe
Preppers UK. Ce dernier donne son opinion sur le référendum sur le Brexit et la manière
dont les gouvernements fonctionnent, au Royaume-Uni et dans le reste de l’Europe.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
previous European deals it has been part of. scale as their waggish president’s inaugura- trade agreement with the US. This is not an
This is what Britain’s image abroad has tion. But on the other side of the US political off-the-cuff claim: it is a real bid from the
become in some quarters. Take the Norwe- scene, life is gloomier. In fact, Brexit didn’t most powerful man on the planet to sabotage
gians as another example. promote division and fear the UK’s “special” relationship with America
Once a “Norway-style” option only in Britain; it also helped by feeding his own nationalist agenda.
became a possible alternative It seems that to create two Americas. One
to Ms May’s Brexit agree-
ment, Norwegian politicians
Americans understands that Britain had
no need whatsoever to depart
7. An opinion poll by Emerson College, pub-
lished at the end of last year, showed that 91
panicked; mainly because, have lost their the EU in order to deepen its per cent of Americans support the “special
after turning our back on the faith in Britain ties with the US, as those relationship”. However, it seems that Ameri-
EU, they duly thought that
Britain could get Norway’s
as a trade disingenuous leavers are still
trying to argue.
cans have lost their faith in Britain as a trade
partner. While a majority still support a bi-
ship scuttled too. Many in partner. lateral free trade agreement with the UK
Europe just don’t trust Brit- 6. Nevertheless, Trump is after Brexit, the poll showed that many in
ain anymore. still pushing Britain to crash the US don’t think that Britain is a trustwor-
out with no deal, claiming that an endorse- thy partner to do business with. Of the re-
DIVISION IN THE U.S. ment of Ms May’s Brexit deal would mean spondents, 48 per cent rated China as the
5. But Europeans are not alone. Americans the UK losing out on a favourable bilateral most important trading partner for the US,
watch Brexit with horror too. Well, not all and 20 per cent went for Canada irst. Only >>>
Americans, but especially those who did not
vote for Donald Trump. Trump supporters 5. scale échelle, importance / waggish facétieux /
see Brexit as a victory on the same historical inauguration (cérémonie d')investiture / gloomy trade agreement accord commercial / of-the-cuf
lugubre, sombre / whatsoever du tout / to depart improvisé / bid tentative / to feed, fed, fed nourrir, ici
quitter / to deepen ici, renforcer / tie lien, relation / servir / agenda programme (politique).
previous précédent / deal accord / abroad à disingenuous fourbe, pas sincère / leaver partisan du 7. opinion poll sondage / to lose, lost, lost (one's)
l’étranger / in some quarters dans certains milieux / Brexit / to argue airmer, prétendre. faith in sth/sb perdre coniance en qqch/qqn / free
to turn one's back on tourner le dos à qqch / duly à 6. to crash out (of the EU) ici, sortir / to claim déclarer trade agreement accord de libre-échange /
juste titre / ship navire / to scuttle saborder, faire / endorsement approbation / to lose, lost, lost out trustworthy digne de coniance / respondent
échouer. on laisser passer (ici, l'opportunité de conclure...) / personne interrogée / to rate classer.
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À la une I Brexit I ROYAUME-UNI I C2
Nearly a third of the food In March, 90% of lettuces, Food price inflation could rise
eaten in Britain comes from 80% of tomatoes and 70% to about 5.1%, from 2.4%, in
the EU. of soft fruit is sourced from the case of a no-deal Brexit.
the EU.
Depuis peu, la « Brexit box » fait fureur au Royaume-Uni. Ce kit de survie d’une valeur de needed. Otherwise, it’s just a bit more of the
300 livres sterling contient des rations d’aliments lyophilisés et autres réjouissances. usual. Elgarf reckons they have got enough to last
Certains Britanniques, craignant un Brexit sans accord et une pénurie alimentaire the family from a month to six weeks.
subséquente, n’ont pas attendu pour commencer à faire des provisions de nourriture et
de produits de première nécessité. Rencontre avec ces nouveaux « survivalistes ». 3. The group is not about scaremongering, she
says. Quite the opposite – it’s about calming
>>> didn’t reassure her. Nor the chief executive of has heard rumours that the most critical medi-
the Association of the British Pharmaceutical cines may have to be collected from central hubs, Brexit and business
Industry saying that a no-deal Brexit “should be which would be stocked on the basis of lists
avoided at all costs”. provided by GPs. It’s clearly something she has A number of businesses have spoken out
against Brexit. Airbus, which employs
given thought to.
about 14,000 people in Britain making
MEDICINES wings for its aircraft, has said it would move
4. Because it’s not just about food SUPPLY CHAINS its factories elsewhere if the UK left the
for Elgarf and her family. One of “The things 6. In Cambridge, Diane says she European Union with no deal. Several other
her four-year-old twins, Nora,
has a rare brain condition called
you buy in the is also stockpiling, though she
doesn’t want to go into too
companies, afraid of Brexit-generated
disruptions, have already announced they
polymicrogyria. She has lots of supermarket much detail. “I’m a bit cautious are moving out of Britain: Sony is relocating
prescriptions, but without two today were on about being presented as an its European headquarters from Surrey to
the Netherlands and Dyson, the British
of them – Epilim and Keppra –
for her epilepsy, she would have
the road last idiot who has a cupboard full of
stuff,” she says. She’s OK about
home appliances company, from England to
multiple seizures a day. Both night.” using her surname, though: she
Singapore.
to speak, spoke, spoken out against s'élever,
Epilim and Keppra are imported. is Diane Coyle, OBE, FACSS, the s'exprimer contre / wing aile / aircraft appareil(s),
economist, Bennett professor avion(s) / factory usine / disruption
5. If she could stockpile these medicines, she of public policy at the University of Cambridge, perturbation(s) / to relocate transférer, déplacer /
would. But they are controlled, and she can only former adviser to the Treasury… in short, really headquarters (inv.) siège / home appliances
get a month’s supply at a time. Many of the not an idiot. appareils électroménagers.
people who join the Facebook group have con-
cerns about medicines, Elgarf says. There are a 7. “The point about supply chains,” she explains,
lot of diabetics and coeliacs among them. What “is that the things you buy in the supermarket best prepped of the preppers I speak to. They
they need is some reassurance. “We need to today were on the road last night. Supermarkets were planning to put solar panels on the roof
know for certain they have got a proper plan in now don’t have warehouses full of stuff. If we anyway, but with the threat of no deal they have
place for anybody who depends on meds.” She have a no deal and the delays go up even by 12 done it sooner, and they are trying to set up a
hours – although I see there’s a new report say- system that stores energy on a big battery. They
ing it is going to be much more – then things have a 1,100-litre water collection tank in the
chief executive président / to avoid éviter.
will stop being put on the shelves. They will run garden. And they’re hoping not to be needing
4. medicine médicament(s) / brain cerveau, cérébral /
out.” Coyle knows that she can’t get by without those vitamin tablets because they will have
condition maladie, pathologie / prescription
ordonnance / seizure ici, crise. a cuppa and doesn’t want to run out of teabags their own fresh veg. They’re no experts, but they
or coffee because she didn’t get any in before a have got vegetable patches in the garden, and
5. to stockpile stocker / supply réserve, stock / concern
inquiétude / coeliac (GB) = celiac (US) intolérant au no-deal exit. “It’s things that matter to me, that they’re giving it a go, trying to grow overwinter-
gluten / reassurance ici, informations réconfortantes / we import, and it’s a bit of insurance.” ing varieties from seed.
meds = medicines /
THE BEST PREPPED 9. Mann and family also have some mature
8. For the Manns, it’s not just about stockpiling fruit trees and bushes, and are trying to learn
food and a bit of medicine. They are probably the what to do with them. “We’re planning, actu-
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE ally, to create a few little Brexit boxes for friends
and family, who we know can’t manage to
Buzz words (mots à la to collect aller chercher, récupérer / central hub centre,
prepare for themselves, so they’ve got some-
mode) dépôt / GP = general practitioner médecin généraliste /
thing at least,” says Mann. Brexit boxes! Isn’t
to give, gave, given (sth) thought réléchir à. that lovely? Who says it’s all about hatred, divi-
Ecoutez la radio/la télévision ou lisez
des articles sur le Brexit et vous 6. supply chain chaîne logistique / cautious prudent,
sion and polarisation? And could this be the
rencontrerez sûrement les expressions circonspect / OBE = Oicer of the Order of the British beginning of what may, one day, be known as
suivantes : Empire (distinction honoriique) / FACSS = Fellow of Brexit spirit? l
• it's just scaremongering (§ 3) ils the Academy of Social Sciences (distinction décernée
essaient de nous faire peur par l'Académie des sciences sociales du R.-U.) / Bennett =
• they are stockpiling food and Bennett Institute for Public Policy / adviser
medicines (§ 2) ils font des réserves conseillère / Treasury (équivalent du) ministère des 8. solar panel panneau solaire / threat menace / to
d'aliments et de médicaments Finances. store emmagasiner, stocker / tank réservoir, citerne / veg
• to kick the can further down the 7. point ici, idée / warehouse entrepôt / delay ici, délai, = vegetables / vegetable patch carré potager / to
road retarder le moment où il faut (temps d')attente / shelf (plur. shelves) étagère, give, gave, given sth a go tester qqch, se lancer / seed
prendre une décision rayon(nage) / to run, ran, run out ici, être en rupture de graine.
stock / cuppa (fam.) tasse de thé / insurance assurance. 9. bush arbuste / hatred haine.
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e
Brèves d
société
le chifre de la quinzaine
(Istock)
A record high of 65.2 million
(SIPA)
polygraph détecteur de mensonges / to tackle lutter contre / ban interdiction / cross-examination contre-
interrogatoire / abuser auteur (de faits condamnables), agresseur / family court tribunal des afaires familiales /
statutory réglementaire / bn = billion milliard.
Brexit boost
BBC Parliament, the British television
Me Too! hummus channel that shows non-stop coverage of
debates in the House of Commons, has
London-based brand “Me Too!,” which ofers a wide experienced a new surge of popularity
range of hummus and falafel products, is planning to thanks to Brexit. It even briely beat MTV
change its name after its sales declined in the wake audiences last month when it hit an average
(Craig Lee/The New York Times)
of the #MeToo movement. Ramona Hazan, 40, who daily peak of 293,000 people in the week of
founded her company 14 years ago, named it in 7-13 January, higher than the 251,000 a day
reference to a family joke. However, after the who watched MTV over the same period.
hashtag #MeToo became viral on social media
following the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse boost ici, coup de pouce / channel chaîne (TV) /
allegations, the sales of Me Too! products coverage couverture (ici, télévisée) / House of
plummeted. Ramona Hazan is hoping to reverse that Commons Chambre des Communes (Chambre
with a “more straightforward” new name. basse du Parlement britannique) / to experience
connaître, enregistrer / surge augmentation
brand marque / range gamme / in the wake of dans le sillage de, à la suite de / joke plaisanterie / to become, (rapide) / audience nombre de spectateurs,
became, become viral se propager rapidement / to plummet s’efondrer / to reverse ici, enrayer, mettre in à / audience / to hit, hit, hit atteindre / average
straightforward simple, clair. moyen / peak niveau record, pic.
Rosarito
A TOWN HURTING
FOR TOURISTS
Une ville en mal de
touristes (to hurt for sb se
languir de qqn)
Depuis plus de trois mois, les migrants
honduriens de la caravane ayant atteint
la frontière mexico-américaine sont
empêchés de passer du côté américain.
Dans la petite ville touristique de
Rosarito, à une vingtaine de kilomètres
de Tijuana, les habitants trépignent : les
touristes américains se font très rares et
Rosarito est devenue une « ville
fantôme ». La faute, selon eux, à la
situation tendue à la frontière...
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Empty tables at Club Bombay on the beach in Rosarito,
January 2019. (Meghan Dhaliwal/The New York Times)
8. “Life is not easy for us either,” Medina added. government to deter migrants, including the
“We have our own set of problems, including use of tear gas at the border, and President
violence, and it is unfair that our lives are dis- Donald Trump’s resolution to build an en-
rupted because of them.” Medina said he agreed hanced security wall.
with the harsher measures taken by the U.S.
9. Argiles, along with other hotel owners, is
trying to send out a positive message through
proper adéquat, approprié. social media campaigns that Rosarito is ready
7. resentment ressentiment, animosité / trepidation and eager to welcome back tourists. “We have
anxiété, inquiétude / to rise, rose, risen augmenter / to to recover from this,” he said. l
demand exiger / to argue airmer, prétendre / to lee,
led, led fuir / to plummet s’efondrer, subir une lourde
the most fear among Southern Californians, chute. enhanced renforcé.
Argiles said, was the shutdown of the San 8. to add ajouter / own propre / set lot / unfair injuste 9. along with ainsi que / eager impatient / to recover
/ to disrupt bouleverser / harsh dur, sévère, strict / se remettre, se relever (de).
Ysidro Port of Entry last November when a
group of migrants stormed the area and agents
from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection
ired tear gas in response. Since then, the Ro-
sarito Beach Hotel has suffered a 60 percent
drop in room occupancy, Argiles said, and the
SÉJOURS
property had its worst December in decades. LINGUISTIQUES
ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS & VACANCES
6. Moises Espitia, an analyst with the Metro-
politan Center of Economic and Business In- JEUNES
formation, a local research group, said the i-
nancial pain caused by the border’s shutdown
in November was felt particularly acutely in
the services and tourism sector. On the day of
the shutdown, the more than 59,000 restau-
IM012100014
THE ECONOMIST
COURTS ARE
GRANTING
RIGHTS TO
ANIMALS
Certains tribunaux reconnaissent
des droits aux animaux (to grant
accorder à)
En novembre dernier a été émise la première demande
d’habeas corpus – ce principe judiciaire qui protège les
citoyens contre les détentions arbitraires – au nom d’un
éléphant. Initialement prévue en décembre dernier, une
audience pour l’éléphant Happy, captive du Zoo du
Bronx, devrait se tenir très prochainement. Les êtres à
quatre pattes doivent-ils jouir des mêmes droits que
nous ? Le débat est relancé. Elephant Patty at the Bronx Zoo in New York,
June 2018. (Sam Hodgson/The New York Times)
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ing habeas corpus to chimps was wrong. This the rats to travel to court, they could legally who had been arbitrarily deprived of her
is that they lack the capacity to carry out legal ignore the summons. What has changed is that freedom by being placed in the city’s zoo. He
duties or be held accountable for their actions. animals are plaintiffs, not the accused, and ordered her to be taken to a sanctuary in
As the judge pointed out, “the same is true for lawyers are demanding they be granted the Brazil, where she remains. It was the irst
human infants and comatose human adults, status of legal persons. ruling of its kind. It was followed in 2017
yet no one would suppose it is improper to seek when Colombia’s Supreme Court ruled that
a writ of habeas corpus on 7.That idea is not quite as Chucho, a spectacled bear, was a non-human
behalf of one’s infant child.” far-fetched as it might person and ordered him to be taken from
sound. A legal person does Barranquilla zoo to a wildlife reserve.
5. Over the past few decades, not have to be human. Com-
the science of animal cogni-
tion has changed people’s
A legal person panies have long been legal
persons, able to act in court
10. But so far, except in South America, objec-
tions to animal legal rights have carried the
understanding of other spe- does not have in their own right. In 2017 day. These are: that it is unclear which species
cies. In several, researchers
have discovered emotions,
to be human. New Zealand granted legal
personhood to the Whan-
should get protection and which rights they
should get; that giving great apes rights could
intelligence and behaviour ganui river, in order to boost hamper medical research; and that, if con-
once thought to belong ex- the power of local Maoris to sciousness and cognition give rise to rights,
clusively to humans. But the protect it. they would apply to artiicially intelligent
law has changed slowly, and in one respect machines, too. Meanwhile, Happy awaits the
barely at all. Most legal systems treat the COPYRIGHT result of her day in court in solitary conine-
subjects of law as either people or property. 8. Activists have tried to give animals protec- ment, an unnatural state for an elephant. l
There is no third category. Legal persons pos- tion under ordinary laws, not just animal-
sess rights—guaranteed protections. Property welfare rules. People for the Ethical Treatment
to deprive priver / freedom liberté / sanctuary
does not. Because domesticated animals are of Animals (PETA), an activist group, sued a réserve / to remain rester / ruling décision de justice /
economic assets, the law has always regarded photographer, David Slater, who had been kind genre / spectacled bear ours à lunettes / wildlife
animals as property. Some lawyers and ani- taking pictures of wild macaques. One day, faune et lore; ici, naturel.
mal-rights advocates say the time has come the macaques used his camera to take selies, 10. to carry the day l'emporter / (great) ape grand
to change that. which Mr Slater published. PETA sued in singe / to hamper entraver / to give, gave, given rise to
donner lieu à / to await être en attente de / result (of
America’s federal courts, saying Mr Slater had her day in court) ici, verdict, jugement / solitary
FROM ACCUSED TO PLAINTIFFS infringed the monkeys’ copyright. The suit coninement isolement.
6. Animals have appeared in court before. At was kicked out, with the judge opining: “I am
Clermont in France, a pig was tried and con- not the person to weigh in on this. This is an
victed of killing and eating the baby of Jehan issue for Congress and the president.”
and Gillon Lenfant on Easter Day, 1494. It was
executed by strangulation. At Autun, in the A HAPPY ENDING?
early 16th century, Bartholomew Chassenée 9. In the past few years, animal-rights law-
defended rats against a charge of destroying yers have started to win cases. The biggest
the barley harvest. He persuaded an ecclesias- victory came in 2016, when a judge in
tical court that, since it would be dangerous for Mendoza, in Argentina, ruled that Cecilia,
a chimpanzee, was a non-human person
to lack ici, être dépourvu de, ne pas avoir / to carry out
efectuer, accomplir, exécuter / duty devoir, obligation / to summons assignation/citation (à
hold, held, held sb accountable for tenir qn pour comparaître) / to demand réclamer.
responsable de / to point out faire remarquer / the
same is true for il en va de même pour / comatose 7. quite (as) ici, aussi / far-fetched
comateux / yet cependant, et pourtant / improper pas saugrenu / to sound ici, paraître / long ici,
correct / to seek, sought, sought chercher; ici, depuis longtemps / to act agir, prendre la
demander / on behalf of au nom de / infant nourrisson. parole, se présenter/être représenté / in one's
own right en son nom/personne /
5. over ici, au cours de / decade décennie / cognition personhood statut de personne / in order to
facultés cognitives / species (inv.) espèce / several ain de.
plusieurs / behaviour comportement / once à une
époque, autrefois, jadis / to belong to être l'apanage de / 8. activist militant / under ici, en vertu de /
in [some] respects à certains égards / barely at all animal-welfare pour la cause animale / rule
quasiment pas / legal juridique / subject sujet, objet / loi, décret / to sue poursuivre en justice,
either... or soit... soit / asset bien / to regard considérer / intenter un procès (contre) / to infringe
advocate défenseur / the time has come l’heure/le enfreindre, violer / suit procès, action en
moment est venu(e). justice / to kick out renvoyer, exclure, refuser /
to opine décréter / to weigh in on se
6. plaintif plaignant / to try ici, juger / to convict prononcer sur / issue question, afaire.
reconnaître coupable / Easter Pâques / century siècle /
charge accusation / barley orge / harvest récolte / 9. to come, came, come ici, survenir /
since ici, étant donné que /
The infamous monkey selfie taken with David Slater’s camera. (David
Slater/Caters News/SIPA)
Harris
“My whole life, I’ve only had one
client: the people,” she said at her irst
campaign speech, which emphasized
unity among the American people. During her
political career, she has supported legalisation
La sénatrice californienne Kamala Harris of recreational marijuana, passing a DREAM
vient d’annoncer sa candidature à Act, and lowering taxes for the working and
l’élection présidentielle middle classes. Her presidential campaign
américaine de 2020. Cette priorities include Medicare for All, criminal
justice reform and tackling the opioid crisis.
candidate souvent comparée à
Barack Obama parviendra-t-elle à to emphasize (US) = to emphasise (GB) mettre
l’accent sur / recreational à usage récréatif / DREAM
s’imposer lors des primaires Act = Development, Relief, and Education for
démocrates ? Voici cinq choses à Alien Minors projet de loi (2001) prévoyant
connaître sur Kamala Harris. d’accorder le statut de résident permanent à
certaines personnes entrées illégalement
en tant que mineurs aux É.-U. / to lower
faire baisser / working class classe
ouvrière / Medicare système
d’assurance santé fédéral pour les
personnes de plus de 65 ans ou
Origins
1 She was born on 20 October,
1964, in Oakland, California, to
remplissant certains critères /
criminal justice justice pénale / to
tackle s’attaquer à / opioid
opiacé.
a Tamil Indian mother and a Jamaican
father. Her name, Kamala, comes from
Career
the Sanskrit word for the lotus lower.
She moved to Montreal with her
mother and siblings when she was 12.
5 She started her
career as a
prosecutor in Oakland
She majored in political science and
nearly 30 years ago,
economics at Howard University in
before being elected San
Washington, D.C.
Francisco’s District
Tamil tamoul(e) (les Tamouls sont un Attorney in 2004, and
peuple vivant majoritairement dans l’État California’s Attorney General
du Tamil Nadu, en Inde et au Sri Lanka) /
in 2011. She was elected to the
siblings frère(s) et/ou sœur(s) / to major in
(US) faire des études de / D.C. = District of U.S. Senate in 2016, becoming the
Columbia (pour éviter la confusion avec l’État de second African American woman
Washington). Senator.
prosecutor procureur(e) / District
2020 race
2 On 27 January, she launched her
presidential campaign in Oakland in
Attorney (US) procureur(e) de district /
Attorney General (US) équivalent du
ministre de la Justice au niveau d’un État.
(SIPA)
candidate who can go the distance.” “dark.” During her Oakland campaign speech,
she called the wall the American president
estimate estimation / crowd foule (ici, partisans) / run
for president candidature à la présidence / address wants to build along the U.S.-Mexico border a
discours / to confer sth upon sb conférer qqch à qqn / “medieval vanity project”.
front runner favori, candidat le mieux placé / Primary to emerge apparaître, ici s’imposer / era ère, période /
élection primaire (élection de sélection au sein d’un
sharp acerbe / to be sworn into oice prêter
parti) / to raise lever (fonds) / adviser conseillère / to
serment / border frontière.
go, went, gone the distance tenir la distance.
16 • VOCABLE Du 21 février au 6 mars 2019
www.vocable.fr
PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…
AUGUSTIN HABRAN
Le carnaval
Comme pour annoncer le retour prochain du printemps,
voici venu le mois du carnaval ! Les pays anglo-saxons ne
manquent pas d’événements incroyables où vous pourrez
vous déguiser, vous grimer, changer de personnage et vous
mêler à des foules hautes en couleur !
Vocabulaire clé
balloon ballon fun amusement
(ISTOCK)
bead perle gather se réunir, se
bonire feu de joie rassembler
burst of laughter éclat de glitter dust paillettes
rire hat chapeau Retrouvez cette iche de vocabulaire lue sur le CD
candy apple pomme holiday jour férié lecture et son commentaire sur la partie basique
d’amour juggler jongleur du CD conversation.
candy loss (GB), cotton make up maquillage CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
candy (US) barbe à papa mask masque, loup
carnival carnaval music musique
celebration célébration, fête musician musicien Expressions à retenir
character personnage necklace collier
clown clown orchestra, band orchestre Let’s celebrate! Faisons la fête !
confetti confettis pageant concours What are you dressing up as for Carnival? Comment te
déguises-tu pour le Carnaval ?
cortege cortège pancake crêpe
What is the parade route? Quel est l’itinéraire du déilé ?
costume, outit parade déilé, déiler Please applaud the Carnival Queen! On applaudit la reine
déguisement, costume peashooter sarbacane du Carnaval !
crown couronne route itinéraire The bonire starts at 10 pm this year. Le feu de joie
dancer danseur, danseuse rythm rythme commence à 22h cette année.
dress up se déguiser scary efrayant Thousands of people gathered to attend the annual
drum tambour scream hurler
parade. Des milliers de gens se sont rassemblés pour
participer au déilé annuel.
feather plume stilts échasses
festivities festivités streamer serpentin
ire breather cracheur de feu street artist artiste de rue
loat char zany loufoque
Testez-vous
Associez chacun des mots de la première liste
avec un mot de la seconde :
Bon à savoir 1) bead a- make up
Si vous visitez à Londres à la in du mois d’août, il est impératif que 2) loat b- crown
vous vous rendiez à Notting Hill pour prendre part au traditionnel 3) corn dog c- necklace
Notting Hill Carnival, les festivités caribéennes les plus connues au
monde. Tout l’ouest de la ville prend part à cette fête gigantesque, 4) feather d- streamer
une façon unique de célébrer l’héritage multiculturel de la capitale 5) confetti e- parade
britannique. 6) pageant f- character
Aux États-Unis, c’est le carnaval de la Nouvelle-Orléans, en Louisiane, 7) mask g- boa
qu’il ne faut manquer pour rien au monde. Communément appelées
Mardi Gras, ces festivités gigantesques qui s’emparent du quartier 8) glitter h- cotton candy
français (French Quarter) entre excentricité, exubérance et
décadence, changeront à tout jamais votre idée de la fête… SOLUTIONS : 1-c ; 2-e ; 3-h ; 4-g ; 5-d ; 6-b ; 7-f ; 8-a.
JOAN GREENWOOD
5. They aren’t used to living ... 6. Did they use to live ...
3. Is he used to serving ... 4. He doesn’t seem to be used to dealing ...
SOLUTIONS : 1. I’m not used to cooking ... 2. Did you use to work ...
Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr
uthanised. scandalmonger
euthanised colporteur de ragots
SOLUTIONS : calves, herd, dwarves ou dwarfs, transferred, enclosure, pair, pachyderms, environment, suppurating,
warmonger
belliciste
2 Tendez l'oreille
fishmonger
Trouvez l’intrus !
Dans chaque groupe de mots, trouvez celui dont la syllabe soulignée ne se marchand de poisson
prononce pas de la même manière que dans les trois autres mots.
ironmonger
Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 Utilisez les lettres de cette grille pour écrire le nom de ces 5 mots à mémoriser
sucreries.
dans ce numéro
T C O A F cuppa
A E C Y I E N tasse de thé
C F K B S I C to have a brew-up
R N E O I A E N A se faire du thé
C J A D O P O E T buds
S O U A L K L C F bourgeons
D L P S A Y E leaves
I S C E T E B feuilles
K S P Y E cafeine-free
sans caféine
In American:
(1) They are small, hard or soft and sweet and can be sucked or left to melt in your
mouth.
(2) Made from sugar, it looks like hair on a stick. L'expression idiomatique
(3) They are made with lour, sugar, eggs and lavouring, cooked in small paper
cases and decorated when cool. “This is not an of-the-cuf
(4) They are small, lat and crisp, made with lour, sugar, eggs and lavouring, baked claim” (page 7 § 6)
in the oven on a lat tray.
In British English: of-the-cuf impromptu,
(5) A form of (1), made of gelatine and in the shape of a baby. improvisé
(6) A whole fruit coated in caramelised sugar, served on a stick. cuf poignet, manchette
(7) The British equivalent of (3).
L’expression était utilisée à
SOLUTIONS : (1) candies (2) cotton candy (3) cup cakes (4) cookies (5) jelly babies (6) tofee apple (7) fairy cakes l’origine pour parler d’un acteur
qui interprétait son rôle en
s’inspirant de ce qu’il avait écrit
2 Utilisez toutes les lettres ci-dessous pour former des mots
qui se terminent par le suixe “worthy.” sur sa manchette plutôt que
d’apprendre le script par cœur.
rastrsdsrdetacurewiatpiseneo
De nos jours on peut dire :
someone you can depend on ....................worthy
to speak of the cuf improviser
safe to drive in ....................worthy
to make an of-the-cuf remark
safe to sail in ....................worthy faire une remarque improvisée, à
someone a bank will lend money to ....................worthy brûle pourpoint
commendable ....................worthy
of interest to publish in a newspaper ....................worthy
sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
SOLUTIONS : trustworthy, roadworthy, seaworthy, creditworthy, praiseworthy, newsworthy
Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : Les assurances
Études Supérieures
& Alternance
Poursuite d’Études
& Masters
Séjours Linguistiques,
Culturels et Thématiques
Samedi 9 mars
BORDEAUX
Palais de la Bourse
A "VERY BRITISH"
JAPANESE CAR
Une voiture japonaise très "British" !
Connaissez-vous la Nissan Figaro ? Cette improbable petite voiture aux couleurs
pastel semble tout droit sortie des années 1950. Pourtant, c’est en 1991 qu’elle
fut commercialisée par le constructeur automobile japonais. Son succès ne s’est
jamais démenti jusqu’à aujourd’hui, où on la trouve par milliers... dans les rues du
Royaume-Uni ! Comment expliquer l’engouement des Britanniques pour ce
modèle japonais ?
22 • VOCABLE Du 21 février au 6 mars 2019 facile A2-B1 / moyen B2-C1 / diicile C1-C2
Une suggestion ? Ecrivez-nous sur [email protected]
A NISSAN BESTSELLER
6. Nissan built the Figaro in pale shades
of aqua, green, gray and taupe — one of a JEU-CONCOURS
few idiosyncratic, limited-edition models
the company made in that era. The com-
pany originally planned to build just
8,000 Figaros, priced at about $8,300, and
strictly for the Japanese market. Even
before sales began, it was clear that de-
mand would far exceed that figure, so
Nissan held a lottery to choose its buyers. Tentez
Celebrities were among those in the run-
ning, generating still more interest. Nis-
san expanded production to 20,000, but
votre chance
even so, most would-be buyers were
turned away. Despite the unmet demand,
the company stuck to its plan to make the
pour gagner (1)
(Istock)
Art thief
Last month, a man stole a $1m painting
from a Russian gallery in broad daylight!
The theft took place on a Sunday evening
at Moscow’s famous Tretyakov Gallery.
While the gallery was full of visitors, the
man lifted the painting Ai-Petri. Crimea by
Arkhip Kuindzhi of the wall and walked out.
(SIPA)
Russian police arrested the 31-year-old
Climate star
suspect, who visitors mistook for an
employee from the gallery, and recovered
the undamaged painting.
Greta Thunberg, a 16-year-old climate activist, has launched a campaign that has thief voleur (theft, vol) / in broad daylight en
been snowballing across Europe and has made her an international star. Last Au- plein jour / to lift (of the wall) ici, décrocher / to
gust, the teenager went on strike from school, demonstrating outside the Swed- mistake, took, taken for prendre pour,
confondre avec / to recover récupérer /
ish parliament for three weeks, lobbying MPs to comply with the Paris Agree-
undamaged intact.
ment. After the general Swedish election, she continued to strike every Friday
and is now joined by hundreds of people. She has inspired students around the
world, with thousands skipping school in Australia last November, and more
than 20,000 students skipping school in Germany, Belgium and Switzerland last
month. Greta Thunberg even gave a speech at the World Economic Forum in Da-
vos last month, in front of a star-studded guest list that included Bono and
Will.i.am.
activist activiste, militant / to snowball faire boule de neige, prendre de l’ampleur / to go, went, gone on strike
se mettre en grève / to demonstrate manifester / to lobby faire pression sur / MP = Member of Parliament,
(Hyundai/Cover Images/SIPA)
membre du parlement, député / to comply with respecter, se conformer à / Paris Agreement accord de Paris sur
le climat (approuvé en 2015 et entré en vigueur en 2016) / general election élections législatives / to skip “sécher”
/ star-studded prestigieux / guest list liste d’invités.
Border wall
Denmark has started building a 42-mile fence
along the southern border with Germany, in an
attempt to protect its pigs against African
swine fever. The 1.5-metre tall steel fence,
Walking car
which was approved by legislators last June, is South Korean motor company Hyundai has
meant to keep wild boar out, thus preventing unveiled its new concept: a walking car! Its
them from spreading the disease to Danish pig ‘quadrupedal’ robotic vehicle, which could
farms. Although the disease has not yet been be helpful in rescue zones that normal
spotted in Denmark or Germany, it is common in vehicles can’t access, is still at prototype
Eastern Europe. Denmark is the only EU country stage, but could eventually become the
where pigs outnumber people, with 215 pigs to world’s irst walking car.
(SIPA)
ASA
BUTTERFIELD
INTERVIEW
Interview d'Asa Butterfield
Sex Education, disponible sur Netflix, est sans conteste la of the toilet grafiti slut-shaming her – to
nouvelle série ado du moment. Cette série comique mais become the school’s sex therapist. It’s a bi-
pas potache suit les tribulations d’Otis Milburn (Asa zarre, implausible premise, but the show uses
Butterfield), lycéen dont la mère (Gillian Anderson) est it to deftly explore themes of consent, peer
sexologue, et qui devient, bon gré mal gré, le conseiller pressure and sexuality.
conjugal-sexologue-thérapeute en titre de son lycée.
L’acteur britannique Asa Butterfield, ancien enfant star, se 3. Today, dressed in a green tartan suit, his
confie sur la série et sur sa carrière. hair bleached blonde, Butterield is noticeably
– perhaps a little self-consciously – cooler than
I
Otis. Though he left school three years ago, he
walks into the room with the air of someone
n the new Netlix drama Sex Education, 2.Butterield, so convincing as an autistic reluctantly arriving to class.
Asa Butterield makes three furious algebra whiz in the 2014 drama X+Y, plays
attempts to masturbate. The actor – who as Otis, an awkward, sexually repressed 16-year- INSPIRING TV SHOW
a child starred in the Scorsese fantasy Hugo old. His mum Jean – a steely, glamorous 4. “I sort of thought it might be quite divisive
(2011) – also accompanies a friend to an abor- Gillian Anderson – is a sex and relationship in its themes and its tone and its content,”
tion, and talks the school bully through a therapist, and his gay, gregarious best friend says Butterield, his gangly legs draped over
particularly painful Viagra overdose. It’s the Eric (Ncuti Gatwa) spends his time obsessing the table in front of him, “but people really >>>
sort of role that might have screamed, “I’ve over their position in the school food chain.
grown up, and I want you all to know about Otis, though, would rather be “that guy in
it” – but with Sex Education, the 21-year-old the corner that no one knows”. Until he’s
isn’t out to shock anyone. At least, not for the persuaded by Maeve (Emma Mackey) – an ...slut-shaming her … qui la traitent de pute (expr.
sake of it. enigmatic loner who corrects the grammar formée à partir de slut (vulg.) pute et shame honte) /
premise ici, idée de départ / deftly adroitement,
habilement / peer pair; ici, élève de la même tranche
d'âge.
1. attempt tentative / to star jouer le rôle principal / 2. whiz prodige, génie, "crack" / X+Y (VF) Le Monde de 3. suit costume / bleached décoloré, peroxydé /
Hugo (VF) Hugo Cabret / abortion avortement / to Nathan / awkward gauche, maladroit / steely ici, froid / noticeably visiblement / self-consciously
talk sb through sth aider qqn à surmonter qqch. / gregarious sociable, extraverti / food chain chaîne volontairement / reluctantly à contrecœur.
bully brute, élève intimidant les autres par son attitude alimentaire; ici, échelle de popularité / loner solitaire / 4. divisive controversé / content contenu / gangly
ou sa corpulence / for the sake of (it) gratuitement. dégingandé / to drape étendre /
26 • VOCABLE Du 21 février au 6 mars 2019 facile A2-B1 / moyen B2-C1 / diicile C1-C2
Culture I Livres I ROYAUME-UNI I B2-C1
JOE DUNTHORNE ON
THE ADULTERANTS
Joe Dunthorne parle de son roman, Les désaccordés
(Istock)
Dans Les Désaccordés (publié chez Gallimard), l’écrivain gallois Joe Dunthorne met en scène un anti-héros trentenaire qui
assiste, impuissant, à la dislocation de son mariage. Ce roman tragi-comique, ayant pour toile de fond le Londres de l’été
2011 et ses émeutes, marque le retour d’un jeune auteur qui a conquis le public et la critique dès son premier roman,
Submarine, en 2008. Rencontre.
>>> 6. In the narrative, Ray keeps up a lyrical within the same paragraph, even if it can
critical internal commentary on the seem inconsistent. A lot of the book is deliber-
world around him, ately not offering a consist-
targeting estate ent way of seeing. It is a
agents, open mar- “I like having a memory after all.”
riages and the character who is
threat posed by sen-
both stupid and FATHERWOOD
sitive men. So what 8. Four years into his strug-
is the appeal for lyrical within the gle with The Adulterants he
Dunthorne of the same paragraph.” found he was to become a
deadpan, misanthropic father. “It was already hap-
voice of such anti-heroes? pening in my friendship
“It is very easy to believe in someone who has a group. The change in the lives of my closest
million ways in which they feel superior to friends meant I was asking them what it was like
their surroundings, especially when to become a parent. At the beginning of writing
you know they are wrong,” the book I was interviewing them, as it seemed
Dunthorne said. “But it requires amazing and incomprehensible to go from being
judgement, as you try to ind able to service your ego 24 hours a day to not hav-
an engaging voice to offer the ing even half a day a week to do that.”
reader fresh-seeming ways to
hate the world. Catcher in the 9. The idea for Ray’s story began as a short story,
Rye is the model, I suppose.” which became a rough draft of the irst chapter.
“I felt the voice taking on something interesting,
POETRY yet I did not set out to write about ‘becoming a
7. Dunthorne, who grew up in man’. It is more about the enormity of what is
Swansea, has also written video expected and how, when you become a parent,
games and inds the layering of you feel you are going to be a better person.” l
subplots intriguing, whether in
a game or a novel. He is also a
published poet, particularly ad- inconsistent incohérent.
miring the work of the German- 8. struggle ici, diicultés / friendship group cercle
d'amis / amazing incroyable, extraordinaire / to service
born American poet and novelist ici, satisfaire.
Denis Johnson, who died last year. 9. short story nouvelle / rough ici, approximatif / draft
His own collection of poems will brouillon, ébauche / to take, took, taken on ici, acquérir,
be published next year. Even his s'imprégner de / to set, set, set out entreprendre (de).
new anti-hero’s voice contains
moments of poetry. “I like having
a character who is both stupid and
28 • VOCABLE Du 21 février au 6 mars 2019 facile A2-B1 / moyen B2-C1 / diicile C1-C2
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n a t i o
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•
VOCABLE Du 10 au 24 décembre 2015 29
ÉchosBrèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
(SIPA)
The Mister
E.L. James, author of the erotic bestseller
Fifty Shades of Grey, is to release a new
novel called The Mister. Out on 16 April in the
US and the UK, the book will feature a
“privileged and aristocratic” young
Englishman, Maxim Trevelyan, and a
beautiful young woman with a troubled
past, Alessia Demachi, who has just arrived
in London. The romance will be set in
London, Cornwall and Eastern Europe.
(SIPA)
to release ici, publier / out ici, en librairie / to
feature ici, mettre en scène / troubled trouble
The 91st Oscars nominations have been unveiled. Roma by Mexican director Al-
fonso Cuarón (released on Netlix only) and The Favourite by Greek director Yor-
gos Lanthimos tied for most nominations with ten each, including for Best Pic-
ture. A Star is Born, Bradley Cooper’s directorial debut, picked up eight nominations.
Black Panther, which received seven nominations, made history as the irst super-
hero ilm to ever be nominated for best picture. Spike Lee, who has directed 30
feature ilms, has received his irst best director nomination. The ceremony will
take place on 24 February at the Dolby Theater in Hollywood.
contender prétendant / to unveil dévoiler, annoncer / director ici, réalisateur / to release difuser / to tie être
à égalité avec, arriver ex-aequo / debut ici, premier ilm / to pick up décrocher / to make, made, made history
entrer dans l’Histoire / ever jamais / feature ilm long métrage.
(Istock)
Ghostbusters n°2
Jason Reitman (Juno, Up in the Air) will
Poetry pharmacy
direct a new Ghostbusters movie, set to The poet Deborah Alma is to open the U.K.’s
come out in the summer of 2020. He is the irst poetry pharmacy, where customers will
son of Ivan Reitman, director of the original be ofered poem prescriptions for particular
1984 comedic hit. In an interview, he said ailments such as grief or Internet addiction.
that he would divert from Paul Feig’s 2016 Deborah Alma has been prescribing poems
reboot of Ghostbusters, which featured an as cures from the back of a 1970s
all-women cast: “This is the next chapter in ambulance for the last six years, and has
the original franchise. It is not a reboot. appeared in various schools and hospitals
What happened in the ‘80s happened in the as the “Emergency poet.” Her pharmacy will
‘80s, and this is set in the present day.” be located in an old Edwardian
ironmonger’s in Shropshire.
Ghostbusters (VF) SOS Fantômes / to direct
réaliser / to be set to être prévu, devoir / hit prescription ordonnance / ailment mal(adie),
succès / to divert from s’écarter de / reboot afection / grief chagrin, peine / cure remède /
nouvelle version / cast distribution (actrices) emergency urgence / to be located être situé,
/ franchise série, saga, également licence se trouver / ironmonger quincailler / Shropshire
(SIPA)
d’exploitation / in the present day aujourd’hui. comté situé dans la partie ouest de l’Angleterre.
WHY DO WE HAVE
THE 'WINTER
BLUES'?
Pourquoi avons-nous le « blues de l'hiver » ?
Déjà eu envie de passer tout le mois de février dans votre lit ?
Cela s’appelle la déprime saisonnière ou blues hivernal. Si ce
phénomène est bien connu des scientiiques, les avis divergent
quant à ses causes. Un chercheur de l’Université de South
Wales vient d’avancer une nouvelle hypothèse : la couleur de
nos yeux inluencerait la manière dont nous sommes afectés
par le blues hivernal. Explications.
(Istock)
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage vidéo sur le
trouble afectif saisonnier et testez
votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/vidéos-anglais
>>> by decreased exposure to sunlight during dark or brown eyes. These results agree Western populations living farther from
the winter. This suggests that SAD should with previous research that found brown the equator. First, it might be seen as more
be more common in countries that are or dark-eyed people were significantly attractive to the opposite sex, so it might
further from the equator (such as Iceland). more depressed than those with blue eyes. provide a reproductive advantage. Second,
However, a number of studies have failed blue eyes may be a side effect of the same
to support this theory. Another theory 6.
The reason that eye colour may make mutation that causes lighter skin colour.
suggests SAD happens when our circa- some people more susceptible to depres- This mutation evolved because it helps the
dian rhythm is disrupted as the days grow sion or mood changes might be because body make more vitamin D from the sun’s
shorter. of the amount of light an individual’s eyes ultraviolet light in parts of the world that
can process. The retina is the part of our receive less radiation, especially during
4. Other theories propose it happens due eyeball containing cells that are sensitive the winter.
to an imbalance in seroto- to light. When light enters
nin and melatonin in the the eye, these cells trigger 9. But given that blue-eyed people in our
body. Serotonin makes us This mechanism nerve impulses that form study reported lower levels of SAD than
feel energetic, while the
r e le a s e of me l at on i n
might provide a v isua l image in our
brain. In 1995, scientists
their brown-eyed counterparts, this muta-
tion may have occurred as an “anti-SAD”
ma kes us feel sleepy. light-eyed discovered that some ret- adaptation as a result of the considerable
Since melatonin is made people with inal cells, rat her t han variations in light exposure that our pre-
from serotonin, people
with SAD may potentially
some resilience forming an image, simply
send information about
historic ancestors experienced as they
migrated to northerly latitudes.
produce too much mela- to seasonal levels of brightness from
tonin during the winter affective the back of the eye to the 10.Eye colour is, of course, not the only
mont hs, leav ing t hem
feeling lethargic or down.
disorder. brain’s hy pothalamus.
The hypothalamus is an
factor here. People who spend too long
indoors are also more susceptible to both
But because SAD is likely impor tant par t of t he winter blues and full-blown SAD. Fortu-
due to a combination of brain that secretes hor- nately for those with SAD, simply going
many biological and physiological factors mones (such as oxytocin) that regulate outside for a regular walk, especially at
working together, these different explana- temperature, hunger and sleep cycles. times when it’s sunny, will help improve
tions for what causes SAD may well be their mood. l
interconnected. 7. As the amount of blue and green light
reaching the hypothalamus increases, the
Western occidental / side ici, secondaire.
S.A.D. AND YOUR EYE amount of melatonin decreases. Eyes with
COLOUR lower pigment (blue or grey eyes) are more 9. counterpart homologue.
5. We have uncovered evidence that a sensitive to light. This means they don’t 10. full-blown ici, total / fortunately heureusement /
to improve améliorer.
person’s eye colour can have a direct effect need to absorb as much light as brown or
on how susceptible they are to SAD. Our dark eyes before this information reaches
study used a sample of 175 students from the retinal cells. As such, people with
two universities (one in south Wales, the lighter eyes release less melatonin during
other in Cyprus). We found that people the fall and winter. This mechanism
with light or blue eyes scored signifi- might provide light-eyed people with some
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
cantly lower on the seasonal pattern as- resilience to seasonal affective disorder.
sessment questionnaire than those with
ORIGINS OF BLUE EYES Il y a plusieurs façons
8.Two theories have traditionally been de dire que l'on a le
decreased réduit / further plus loin / to fail ne pas
réussir à / to support appuyer, étayer / to disrupt
used to explain why blue eyes occur in cafard :
perturber / to grow, grew, grown shorter raccourcir. to feel sad
4. imbalance déséquilibre / release ici, sécrétion / to agree ici, concorder / previous précédent. to feel down
since ici, puisque / likely probablement. to feel low
6. amount quantité / to process traiter / eyeball
5. to uncover découvrir, mettre en évidence / globe oculaire / cell cellule / sensitive sensible / brain to feel blue
evidence (inv.) preuve(s) / susceptible sensible/ cerveau / brightness luminosité.
prédisposé/vulnérable (à); ici ...on how susceptible to have the blues
7. to reach atteindre, parvenir à / to increase
they are to… sur sa vulnérabilité au... / sample to feel depressed
augmenter / to provide procurer.
échantillon; ici, groupe / Wales Pays de Galles / to be down in the dumps
8. to occur avoir lieu; ici, exister /
32 • VOCABLE Du 21 février au 6 mars 2019 facile A2-B1 / moyen B2-C1 / diicile C1-C2
Découverte I Botanique I CHINE I A2-B1
Fujian
THE ECONOMIST
A NEW CAFFEINE-
FREE TEA PLANT
Un nouveau thé sans caféine
(Istock)
Qu’il soit vert, noir ou blanc, le thé, malgré ses nombreux bienfaits pour la santé, renferme une petite molécule dont les efets
potentiellement indésirables sont bien connus : la caféine. En moyenne, les feuilles de thé contiennent de 1 % à 6 % de caféine.
Mais, bonne nouvelle pour tous les amateurs de cette boisson, un nouveau type de thé ne contenant pas de caféine vient d’être
découvert en Chine...
GENE MUTATION
pounds that help to lower cholesterol and reduce 4. Upon closer inspection of Hongyacha’s genet-
the risk of cardiovascular disease. But there is a 3. Known locally as Hongyacha, the newly dis- ics, the researchers discovered that the absence
downside. Tea contains caffeine which, although covered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000 of caffeine was the result of a mutation in the
it improves mental alertness, can also cause metres above sea level around a handful of Chi- gene that codes for the production of an enzyme
anxiety, insomnia and other problems. nese alpine villages. People in the region have known as caffeine synthase. Precisely why caf-
been experimenting with its properties for gen- feine—which, being lethal to many insects, func-
2. What would be agreeable is a tea plant that erations. Dr Chen and his colleagues conirmed tions as a pesticide in some plants—was selected
provides all the taste and goodness but with little that Hongyacha does indeed lack caffeine. Using against by evolution remains an open question.
or none of the caffeine. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang a variety of procedures, they found it also contains It is possible that the metabolic cost of producing
Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese an intriguing array of other compounds in its caffeine was high and that other compounds that
Academy of Agricultural Sciences think they have buds and leaves. Of particular interest was a were easier for the plant to make were as effective.
found just such a plant growing wild in a remote compound in the plant’s leaves that is known to The researchers are now exploring methods to
area in Fujian province, southern China. This is hamper the growth of tumours as they attempt protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while
further studies are carried out. l
1. cuppa (fam.) tasse de thé / brew-up (fam.) ici, ind découverte / neighbouring (GB) = neighboring
(action de se préparer une) tasse de thé (to brew (up) (US) voisin, proche. to attempt to tenter de / nutrient nutriment / blood
faire infuser) / compound (chimie) composé, 3. sea level niveau de la mer / handful poignée, a vessel vaisseau sanguin.
substance / to lower faire baisser / downside handful of quelques / alpine de (haute) montagne / to
inconvénient(s) / mental alertness vivacité 4. upon closer inspection... en étudiant de plus
experiment with (sth) tester (qqch) / property près... / genetics gènes, patrimoine génétique /
intellectuelle. propriété / to lack être dépourvu de / intriguing researcher chercheur / lethal mortel / to be
2. taste goût / goodness ici, bienfaits / such ici, de ce fascinant, curieux / array ensemble / bud bourgeon / selected against faire l'objet d'une sélection
type / to grow, grew, grown wild pousser à l'état to hamper entraver / négative / efective eicace / further ici, d'autres / to
sauvage / remote reculé, isolé / area région, zone / carry out réaliser, mener.
DVD
CINÉMA FIRST MAN
De Damien Chazelle
MARIE STUART, REINE D’ÉCOSSE
De Josie Rourke
Angleterre, 1560. À dix-huit ans, Marie Stuart, épouse du
roi de France, se retrouve veuve. Elle décide alors de
retourner dans son Écosse natale pour réclamer le trône
qui lui revient de droit. Reine catholique dans un pays
devenu protestant, elle est traitée avec déiance et se
retrouve confrontée à sa cousine Élisabeth Ire d'Angleterre,
avec laquelle elle se dispute la couronne d’Angleterre. Ce
ilm met en scène deux personnages historiques
fascinants qui, chacun à leur manière, se sont détachés
des codes imposés par la tradition. Par leur interprétation
magistrale, Saoirse Ronan et Margot Robbie nous
rappellent la diiculté à exercer le pouvoir en tant que
femme à une époque où des questions comme la fertilité
étaient déterminantes. La mise en scène, les costumes et
les décors sont soignés, faisant de ce ilm un véritable Des plaires
spectacle pour les yeux. exemgner !
à ga r
Avec Saoirse Ronan, Margot Robbie, Jack Lowden. ble.f
w.voca
En salles le 27 février. sur ww
LIVRE
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