« Munition à guidage de précision » : différence entre les versions

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Version du 30 mars 2024 à 17:11

Une munition à guidage de précision (PGM, arme intelligente, munition intelligente, bombe intelligente) est une munition guidée destinée à toucher avec précision une cible spécifique, à minimiser les dommages collatéraux et à augmenter la létalité contre les cibles visées^[1]. Au cours de la Première guerre du Golfe, les munitions guidées ne représentent que 9 % des armes tirées, mais 75 % de tous les tirs réussis. Même si les armes guidées sont généralement utilisées sur des cibles plus délicates, elles ont 35 fois plus de chances de détruire leurs cibles par arme larguée^[2].

Étant donné que les effets de dégâts des armes explosives diminuent avec la distance, même de modestes améliorations de la précision (d'où une réduction de la distance manquée) permettent d'attaquer une cible avec moins de bombes ou des bombes plus petites. Ainsi, même si certaines bombes guidées échouent, l’équipages aériens mis en danger et les dommages causés aux civils diminuent et les montants des dommages collatéraux sont réduits^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}.

L'avènement des munitions à guidage de précision a entraîné le renommage d'anciennes bombes de faible technologie en « bombes non guidées » ou « bombes de fer ».

Liens externes

A Brief History of Precision Guided Weapons
How Smart Bombs Work
BBC: "Smart bombs missed Iraqi targets" — on the first employment of the JSOW, guidance failures from a software error subsequently fixed.
"Fact File: Smart Bombs – not so Smart" BBC story discussing the limitations of guided munition employment.
Janes.com: "Ukraine develops indigenous guided airborne weapons" — 2006 article about Ukrainian guided bomb development.
"World War II Glide Bombs" (Part1)
"World War II Glide Bombs" (Part2)
"World War II Glide Bombs" (Modern Glide Bombs)
"Soviet/Russian Guided Bombs" by Air Power Australia

↑ Hallion, « Precision guided munitions and the new era of warfare », Air Power Studies Centre, Royal Australian Air Force, 1995 (consulté le 2 février 2009)
↑ (en) « Bursts of Brilliance - The Washington Post », The Washington Post, {{Article}} : paramètre « date » manquant (lire en ligne)
↑ David Roza (3 Mar 2022) Where is the Russian Air Force? Experts break down why they might be hiding "It is clear to us that Russia is losing aircraft and helicopters at a damaging rate." —Justin Bronk, RUSI
↑ ^{a et b} Jamie Ross, who cites Christo Grozev of Bellingcat: (Tue, March 8, 2022, 5:32 AM) (7 March 2022) Russian Officer Complains About Dead General and Comms Meltdown in Intercepted Call FSB (Federal Security Service, successor agency to the KGB) officers discuss Gerasimov's death amid the destruction of 3G/4G cell towers in Ukraine, and the loss of Russian encrypted communications (Era), which compromised the FSB officer's sim-card-enabled phone call.
↑ Rob Waugh (8 Mar 2022) 'Idiots': Russian military phone calls hacked after own soldiers destroy 3G towers 3G/4G Towers Needed For Russian encrypted communications (Era)
↑ MEHUL SRIVASTAVA, MADHUMITA MURGIA, AND HANNAH MURPHY, FT (3/9/2022, 8:33 AM) The secret US mission to bolster Ukraine’s cyber defences ahead of Russia’s invasion European official: "instead of communicating solely through encrypted military-grade phones, Russian commanders are sometimes piggybacking on Ukrainian cell phone networks to communicate, at times simply by using their Russian cell phones. 'The Ukrainians love it—there is so much data in simply watching these phones, whether or not they are using encrypted apps,' he said. The Ukrainians then block Russian phones from their local networks at key moments, further jamming their communications. 'Then you suddenly see Russian soldiers grabbing cell phones off Ukrainians on the street, raiding repair shops for sims,' he said. 'This is not sophisticated stuff. It’s quite puzzling."
↑ Rob Picheta and Jack Guy, CNN (8 Mar 2022) Ukraine claims Russian general has been killed in Kharkiv
↑ Doug Cunningham (3 Mar 2022) Ukraine forces say Chechen commander Magomed Tushayev killed near Kyiv

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[1] Hallion, « Precision guided munitions and the new era of warfare », Air Power Studies Centre, Royal Australian Air Force, 1995 (consulté le 2 février 2009)

[washingtonpost.com2-2] (en) « Bursts of Brilliance - The Washington Post », The Washington Post, {{Article}} : paramètre « date » manquant (lire en ligne)

[bronk-3] David Roza (3 Mar 2022) Where is the Russian Air Force? Experts break down why they might be hiding "It is clear to us that Russia is losing aircraft and helicopters at a damaging rate." —Justin Bronk, RUSI

[grozev-5] {a et b} Jamie Ross, who cites Christo Grozev of Bellingcat: (Tue, March 8, 2022, 5:32 AM) (7 March 2022) Russian Officer Complains About Dead General and Comms Meltdown in Intercepted Call FSB (Federal Security Service, successor agency to the KGB) officers discuss Gerasimov's death amid the destruction of 3G/4G cell towers in Ukraine, and the loss of Russian encrypted communications (Era), which compromised the FSB officer's sim-card-enabled phone call.

[3g4gNeededForRussianERA-6] Rob Waugh (8 Mar 2022) 'Idiots': Russian military phone calls hacked after own soldiers destroy 3G towers 3G/4G Towers Needed For Russian encrypted communications (Era)

[Russian_troops_taking_Ukraine_sim_cards-7] MEHUL SRIVASTAVA, MADHUMITA MURGIA, AND HANNAH MURPHY, FT (3/9/2022, 8:33 AM) The secret US mission to bolster Ukraine’s cyber defences ahead of Russia’s invasion European official: "instead of communicating solely through encrypted military-grade phones, Russian commanders are sometimes piggybacking on Ukrainian cell phone networks to communicate, at times simply by using their Russian cell phones. 'The Ukrainians love it—there is so much data in simply watching these phones, whether or not they are using encrypted apps,' he said. The Ukrainians then block Russian phones from their local networks at key moments, further jamming their communications. 'Then you suddenly see Russian soldiers grabbing cell phones off Ukrainians on the street, raiding repair shops for sims,' he said. 'This is not sophisticated stuff. It’s quite puzzling."

[pichetaGuy-8] Rob Picheta and Jack Guy, CNN (8 Mar 2022) Ukraine claims Russian general has been killed in Kharkiv

[cunningham-9] Doug Cunningham (3 Mar 2022) Ukraine forces say Chechen commander Magomed Tushayev killed near Kyiv

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