Permission preconditions

[Trivo25]

in o1js, and the zkApps protocol, we can set preconditions on certain network or account state in transactions/account updates (smart contracts) that only succeed if the preconditions are fulfilled.

There are two types of preconditions that we have access to:

• network - anything network related (slot, timestamp, ..)
• account - anything account related (balance, app state, nonce, ..)

However, account preconditions can not be set on account permissions. We want to enable zkApp developers to set preconditions on permissions. For example, we want a transaction only to succeed if another account has their permissions set to something specific.

In a zkApp, this would look like this:

class SimpleZkapp extends SmartContract {
  @method
  async doSmth() {
    // do something

    // assert that the balance is greater than 10
    let balance = this.account.balance.getAndRequireEquals();
    balance.assertGreaterThanOrEqual(UInt64.from(10));

    // assert that the nonce to equal to 1
    let nonce = this.account.nonce.getAndRequireEquals();
    nonce.assertEquals(UInt32.from(1));


   // ideally, setting preconditions on permissions would work the same way!
  }
}

In order to add preconditions on permissions, we have to adjust the protocol (and any resulting transaction structures, checks and o1js) accordingly.

For example, the body of an account update has a preconditions field that looks like this currently (this is auto generated from ocaml)

https://github.com/o1-labs/o1js-bindings/blob/ff3588199eaf8f423c4474862f049bf1d8ed4c77/mina-transaction/gen/transaction.ts#L268-L373?plain=1

Goal: Change the zkApps protocol (OCaml, transaction structure, txn snark checks, and eventually o1js) accordingly to support preconditions on accounts

[Geometer1729]

o1-labs/o1js#1862