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                <h1 class="title" id="page-title">Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, December 13</h1>
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                                    rel="sioc:has_creator">Dec 13, 2022 - <a href="/users/press-isw"
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                                            <p style="text-align: left;" align="center"> </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><strong>Karolina Hird, George
                                                    Barros, Grace Mappes, Madison Williams, and Frederick W.
                                                    Kagan</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><strong>December 13, 6:30pm
                                                    ET</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Click </strong><a
                                                    href="https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/36a7f6a6f5a9448496de641cf64bd375"><strong>here</strong></a><strong>
                                                    to see ISW’s interactive map of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
                                                    This map is updated daily alongside the static maps present in this
                                                    report.</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Belarusian forces remain unlikely to
                                                    attack Ukraine despite a snap Belarusian military readiness check on
                                                    December 13. </strong>Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko
                                                ordered a snap comprehensive readiness check of the Belarusian military
                                                on December 13. The exercise does not appear to be cover for
                                                concentrating Belarusian and/or Russian forces near jumping-off
                                                positions for an invasion of Ukraine. It involves Belarusian elements
                                                deploying to training grounds across Belarus, conducting engineering
                                                tasks, and practicing crossing the Neman and Berezina rivers (which are
                                                over 170 km and 70 km away from the Belarusian-Ukrainian border,
                                                respectively).[1] Social media footage posted on December 13 showed a
                                                column of likely Belarusian infantry fighting vehicles and trucks
                                                reportedly moving from Kolodishchi (just east of Minsk) toward Hatava
                                                (6km south of Minsk).[2] Belarusian forces reportedly deployed 25
                                                BTR-80s and 30 trucks with personnel toward Malaryta, Brest (about 15 km
                                                from Ukraine) on December 13.[3] Russian T-80 tanks reportedly deployed
                                                from the Obuz-Lesnovsky Training Ground in Brest, Belarus, to the Brest
                                                Training Ground also in Brest (about 30 km from the Belarusian-Ukrainian
                                                Border) around December 12.[4] Russia reportedly deployed three MiG-31K
                                                interceptors to the Belarusian airfield in Machulishchy on December
                                                13.[5] These deployments are likely part of ongoing Russian information
                                                operations suggesting that Belarusian conventional ground forces might
                                                join Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.[6] ISW has written at length about
                                                why Belarus is extraordinarily unlikely to invade Ukraine in the
                                                foreseeable future.[7]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><a
                                                    href="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/BelarusianReferenceMapDecember13%2C2022.png"><img
                                                        src="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/BelarusianReferenceMapDecember13%2C2022.png"
                                                        width="500" height="765" /></a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Ukrainian officials continue to assess
                                                    that Belarus is unlikely to attack Ukraine as of December 13.
                                                </strong>The Ukrainian General Staff reiterated on December 13 that the
                                                situation in northern Ukraine near Belarus has not significantly changed
                                                and that Ukrainian authorities still have not detected Russian forces
                                                forming strike groups in Belarus.[8] The Ukrainian State Border Guard
                                                Service reported that the situation on the border with Belarus is under
                                                control despite recent Belarusian readiness checks.[9]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Russian milbloggers accused the Russian
                                                    Ministry of Defense (MoD) of engaging in performative "excessive
                                                    reporting" instead of addressing systemic issues with the Russian
                                                    military and Russian operations in Ukraine. </strong>A prominent
                                                Russian milblogger discussed the "vicious practice of photo reports" in
                                                the Russian military and noted that Russian soldiers are often made to
                                                dress in statutory uniforms and appear on camera to propagate a sense of
                                                preparedness and professionalism instead of actually preparing for
                                                combat missions.[10] The milblogger emphasized that such demonstrations
                                                are purely theatrical and create a false sense of coherency in the
                                                Russian Armed Forces without actually addressing substantive issues with
                                                logistics, communications, and basic provision of units.[11] Several
                                                other milbloggers amplified this discussion and accused Russian
                                                authorities of engaging in "excessive reporting" in order to inundate
                                                the information space with photo and video artifacts that aim to
                                                "justify the existence" of the Russian MoD and create a guise of success
                                                for Russian operations in Ukraine.[12] One source emphasized its
                                                discontent with such "excessive reporting" and called the Russian MoD
                                                "the Ministry of Camouflage and Selfies."[13] Russian milbloggers
                                                continue to leverage their platforms and notoriety to launch nuanced
                                                critiques at the Russian MoD in a way that continues to indicate a
                                                growing rift between the bureaucratic practices of the MoD and the
                                                realities faced by Russian soldiers on the ground and reported on by a
                                                slate of Russian military correspondents. Such discourse allows
                                                prominent voices in the nationalist information space to advocate for
                                                substantive change while undermining the MoD establishment.</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Senior Israeli officials stated that
                                                    Iran seeks to limit the range of missiles it plans to provide
                                                    Russia. </strong><em>Axios </em>reported on December 12 that Iran
                                                fears international backlash from providing Russia with long range
                                                missiles to use in the war in Ukraine and noted that United Nations (UN)
                                                Security Council Resolution 2231 passed in 2015 prevents the transfer or
                                                receipt of Iranian ballistic missiles with a range over 300 kilometers
                                                and a payload over 500 kilograms until October 2023.[14] <em>Axios
                                                </em>noted that violating this resolution could result in a "snapback"
                                                mechanism that reimposes UN sanctions against Iran.[15]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Ukrainian intelligence reported that
                                                    Russian forces are striking Ukraine with missiles that Ukraine
                                                    transferred to Russian in the 1990s as part of an international
                                                    agreement that Russia explicitly violated by invading Ukraine in
                                                    2014 and 2022. </strong>In a comment to <em>The New York Times
                                                </em>Ukrainian Main Intelligence Directorate (GUR) representative Vadym
                                                Skibitsky said that Russian forces are using ballistic missiles and
                                                Tu-160 and Tu-95 strategic bombers that Ukraine transferred to Russia as
                                                part of the Budapest Memorandum, whereby Ukraine transferred its nuclear
                                                arsenal to Russia for decommissioning.[16] Russia, the United States,
                                                and the United Kingdom committed in return to "respect the independence
                                                and sovereignty and existing borders of Ukraine." This agreement has
                                                generated some debate about whether or not it committed the United
                                                States and the United Kingdom to defend Ukraine, which it did not do.
                                                There can be no debate, however, that by this agreement Russia
                                                explicitly recognized that Crimea and areas of Donetsk and Luhansk
                                                Oblasts it occupied in 2014 were parts of Ukraine. By that agreement
                                                Russia also committed "to refrain from the threat or use of force
                                                against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine,"
                                                among many other provisions that Russia has violated. Skibitsky noted
                                                that Russia has removed the nuclear warhead from these decommissioned
                                                Kh-55 subsonic cruise missiles, which are now being used to launch
                                                massive missile strikes on Ukraine.[17]</p>
                                            <p> <strong>US officials stated on December 13 that the Pentagon is
                                                    finalizing plans to send Patriot missile defense systems to
                                                    Ukraine.</strong> The US officials expect to receive the necessary
                                                approvals from Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin and President Joe Biden,
                                                and the Pentagon could make a formal announcement as early as December
                                                15.[18] <em>CNN </em>reported that it is unclear how many Patriot
                                                missile systems the Pentagon plan would provide Ukraine, but that a
                                                typical Patriot battery includes up to eight launchers with a capacity
                                                of four ready-to-fire missiles each, radar targeting systems, computers,
                                                power generators, and an engagement control station.[19]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Russia continues to use concepts of
                                                    terrorism as a legal framework for domestic repression.
                                                </strong>Independent Russian outlet <em>Meduza </em>noted on December 13
                                                that Russia has been expanding the concept of terrorism under Russian
                                                legislation over the course of the last two decades, and as recently as
                                                December of this year the State Duma proposed new amendments to the
                                                Russian Criminal Code that equate sabotage with an act of terrorism.[20]
                                                <em>Meduza </em>amplified an investigation by another independent
                                                Russian outlet, <em>Novaya Gazeta</em>, that noted that the Russian
                                                Federal Security Service (FSB) has transitioned from focusing on
                                                defining Islamist militant activity in the Caucasus as terrorism to
                                                orienting terrorism around the concept of Ukrainian "saboteurs."[21] FSB
                                                Head Alexander Bortnikov relatedly claimed on December 13 that there has
                                                been an increase in "terrorist" activity within Russia in 2022, which he
                                                related to Ukrainian Security Services (SBU) supposedly operating with
                                                Western support.[22] Russian authorities seem to be weaponizing the
                                                backdrop of the war in Ukraine to justify expansions of terrorism
                                                legislation under the guise of protecting domestic security. Such
                                                measures likely afford Russian security authorities greater latitude in
                                                cracking down on domestic dissent. As ISW has previously reported,
                                                Russian authorities have taken similar steps to use legal frameworks to
                                                broadly define individuals and actions as dangerous to Russian security
                                                and have recently proposed new bills on expanding the definition of
                                                "foreign agents" and the punishment for crimes considered to be
                                                sabotage.[23]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></p>
                                            <ul style="text-align: left;">
                                                <li><strong>Belarusian forces remain unlikely to attack Ukraine despite
                                                        a snap Belarusian military readiness check on December
                                                        13.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>Ukrainian officials continue to assess that Belarus is
                                                        unlikely to attack Ukraine as of December 13.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>Senior Israeli officials stated that Iran seeks to limit the
                                                        range of missiles it plans to provide to Russia in order to
                                                        avoid triggering UN "snapback" sanctions.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>Ukrainian intelligence reported that Russian forces are
                                                        striking Ukraine with missiles that Ukraine transferred to
                                                        Russia in the 1990s as part of an international agreement by
                                                        which Russia recognized Crimea and all of Donetsk and Luhansk
                                                        Oblasts as part of Ukraine and committed not to threaten or
                                                        attack Ukraine.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>US officials stated on December 13 that the Pentagon is
                                                        finalizing plans to send Patriot missile defense systems to
                                                        Ukraine.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>Russia continues to use concepts of terrorism as a legal
                                                        framework for domestic repression.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>Russian forces conducted limited counterattacks near Svatove
                                                        and Kreminna.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>Russian forces made marginal advances within Bakhmut and
                                                        continued ground assaults near Avdiivka and Vuhledar.</strong>
                                                </li>
                                                <li><strong>Russian forces may be withdrawing from certain areas south
                                                        of the Dnipro River as they continue fortifying rear positions
                                                        in occupied Kherson Oblast.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>Likely Ukrainian actors downed a bridge in Melitopol,
                                                        Zaporizhia Oblast amid increased reports of Ukrainian strikes
                                                        against Russian military assets near Melitopol within the past
                                                        few days.</strong></li>
                                                <li><strong>The Wagner Group is continuing efforts to use recruits from
                                                        Russian prisoners to generate combat power.</strong></li>
                                            </ul>
                                            <div><a
                                                    href="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/DraftUkraineCoTDecember13%2C2022.png"><strong><img
                                                            src="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/DraftUkraineCoTDecember13%2C2022.png"
                                                            width="500" height="706" /></strong></a></div>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><em>We do not report in detail on
                                                        Russian war crimes because those activities are well-covered in
                                                        Western media and do not directly affect the military operations
                                                        we are assessing and forecasting. We will continue to evaluate
                                                        and report on the effects of these criminal activities on the
                                                        Ukrainian military and population and specifically on combat in
                                                        Ukrainian urban areas. We utterly condemn these Russian
                                                        violations of the laws of armed conflict, Geneva Conventions,
                                                        and humanity even though we do not describe them in these
                                                        reports.</em></strong></p>
                                            <ul style="text-align: left;">
                                                <li>Ukrainian Counteroffensives—Eastern Ukraine</li>
                                                <li>Russian Main Effort—Eastern Ukraine (comprised of one subordinate
                                                    and one supporting effort);</li>
                                                <li>Russian Subordinate Main Effort—Capture the entirety of Donetsk
                                                    Oblast</li>
                                                <li>Russian Supporting Effort—Southern Axis</li>
                                                <li>Russian Mobilization and Force Generation Efforts</li>
                                                <li>Activities in Russian-occupied Areas</li>
                                            </ul>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                        style="text-decoration: underline;">Ukrainian
                                                        Counteroffensives</span></strong><strong> (Ukrainian efforts to
                                                    liberate Russian-occupied territories)</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                        style="text-decoration: underline;">Eastern
                                                        Ukraine:</span></strong><strong> (Eastern Kharkiv Oblast-Western
                                                    Luhansk Oblast)</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian forces continued limited counterattacks
                                                to regain positions northwest of Svatove on December 13. The Ukrainian
                                                General Staff reported that Russian troops unsuccessfully attacked
                                                toward Novoselivske and Stelmakhivka, both about 15km northwest of
                                                Svatove.[24] A Russian milblogger claimed that Ukrainian troops
                                                northwest of Svatove are reinforcing positions in preparation for an
                                                anticipated Russian offensive in the area.[25] Russian forces reportedly
                                                struck Kupyansk (45km northwest of Svatove) with S-300 surface-to-air
                                                missiles.[26]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian forces conducted limited counterattacks
                                                west of Kreminna in order to regain lost positions along the
                                                Svatove-Kreminna line on December 13. The Ukrainian General Staff stated
                                                that Ukrainian troops repelled Russian attacks near Novoyehorivka (35km
                                                northwest of Kreminna), Makiivka (22km northwest of Kreminna),
                                                Chervonopopivka (5km north of Kreminna), and Bilohorivka (10km south of
                                                Kreminna).[27] A Russian milblogger warned that Ukrainian forces are
                                                massing for a new offensive along the Svatove-Kreminna line and
                                                concentrating manpower and equipment in this area.[28] The Russian
                                                Ministry of Defense (MoD) claimed that Ukrainian forces west of Kreminna
                                                conducted unsuccessful ground attacks near Terny and Yampolivka.[29]
                                                Another Russian source claimed that Russian troops are trying to push
                                                Ukrainian detachments back across the Zherebets River, also west of
                                                Kreminna.[30]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><a
                                                    href="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Kharkiv%20Battle%20Map%20December%2013%2C2022.png"><img
                                                        src="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Kharkiv%20Battle%20Map%20December%2013%2C2022.png"
                                                        width="500" height="871" /></a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                        style="text-decoration: underline;">Russian Main Effort—Eastern
                                                        Ukraine</span></strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                        style="text-decoration: underline;">Russian Subordinate Main
                                                        Effort—Donetsk Oblast</span></strong><strong> (Russian
                                                    objective: Capture the entirety of Donetsk Oblast, the claimed
                                                    territory of Russia’s proxies in Donbas)</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian sources claimed that Russian troops
                                                made marginal advances within Bakhmut on December 13. A Russian
                                                milblogger reported that Wagner Group forces broke through Ukrainian
                                                defensive lines in the eastern part of Bakhmut and established full
                                                control of the Bakhmut Champagne Winery and "Siniat" enterprise.[31]
                                                Russian milbloggers also claimed that Russian troops are advancing down
                                                several streets in the southeastern and eastern sectors of Bakhmut.[32]
                                                The Ukrainian General Staff noted that Ukrainian troops are continuing
                                                to repel Russian assaults northeast of Bakhmut near Verkhnokamianske,
                                                Soledar, Yakovlivka, and Bakhmutske and south of Bakhmut near
                                                Klishchiivka, Kurdiumivka, and Mayorsk.[33] A Russian milblogger claimed
                                                that Russian troops have established control of 90% of Opytne, 3km south
                                                of Bakhmut.[34] Russian sources continue to emphasize heavy Ukrainian
                                                losses and claim that Ukrainian troops are rotating or entirely
                                                withdrawing from parts of Bakhmut.[35]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian forces continued ground assaults in the
                                                Avdiivka-Donetsk City area on December 13. The Ukrainian General Staff
                                                reported that Russian troops unsuccessfully attacked in the areas of
                                                Avdiivka and Marinka (on the southwestern outskirts of Donetsk
                                                City).[36] The Donetsk People’s Republic (DNR) 11th Regiment posted
                                                footage of strikes on Ukrainian positions reportedly in Pervomaiske
                                                (10km southwest of Avdiivka), and a Russian milblogger claimed that the
                                                11th Regiment and "Somalia" battalion are active in repelling Ukrainian
                                                counterattacks near Pervomaiske.[37] Russian sources additionally
                                                claimed that Russian troops have taken control of the road that runs
                                                from Marinka to Krasnohorivka (5km north of Marinka), which they
                                                highlighted as a major blow for the Ukrainian grouping on the
                                                southwestern outskirts of Donetsk City.[38] Geolocated footage shows
                                                that Ukrainian forces have retaken positions east of Druzhby Prospekt in
                                                central Marinka, suggesting that ground in Marinka’s city center is
                                                constantly contested.[39] Russian sources continued to claim that
                                                Ukrainian forces are conducting limited counterattacks in the face of
                                                Russian advances southwest of Donetsk City in the Vuhledar area.[40]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><a
                                                    href="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Donetsk%20Battle%20Map%20December%2013%2C2022.png"><img
                                                        src="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Donetsk%20Battle%20Map%20December%2013%2C2022.png"
                                                        width="500" height="759" /></a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                        style="text-decoration: underline;">Supporting Effort—Southern
                                                        Axis</span></strong><strong> (Russian objective: Maintain
                                                    frontline positions and secure rear areas against Ukrainian
                                                    strikes)</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian forces may be withdrawing from certain
                                                areas south of the Dnipro River as they continue fortifying rear
                                                positions in occupied Kherson Oblast. The Ukrainian General Staff
                                                reported on December 13 that Russian forces in the Kherson direction are
                                                rotating individual units and are withdrawing from Novomykhailivka (west
                                                of the R47 highway 23km west of Henichesk) and Mykhailivka (on the T2209
                                                highway 45km northwest of Henichesk).[41] Ukrainian officials have
                                                previously stated that they aim to prevent Russian forces from being
                                                able to approach the east (left) bank of the Dnipro River.[42] Images
                                                posted on December 12 show Russian forces erecting dragon’s teeth
                                                anti-tank fortifications near Viazivka, Zaporizhia Oblast (just west of
                                                Melitopol on the E56 Kherson City-Melitopol highway) and Novotroitske
                                                (northwest of Henichesk on the R47 Nova Kakhovka-Henichesk highway),
                                                Kherson Oblast.[43] The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian
                                                forces continued to shell areas on the west (right) bank of the Dnipro
                                                River, including Kherson City and its environs.[44]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Likely Ukrainian actors downed a bridge in
                                                Melitopol, Zaporizhia Oblast amid increased reports of Ukrainian strikes
                                                against Russian military assets near Melitopol within the past few days.
                                                Images from December 13 show significant damage and fallen spans of the
                                                M14/E58 bridge across the Molochna River in Melitopol (roughly 100km
                                                behind the front lines), and Russian occupation officials claimed that
                                                Ukrainian "saboteurs" detonated 15-20kg of explosives to down the bridge
                                                overnight.[45] Zaporizhia Oblast occupation officials claimed that
                                                Russian authorities will erect a temporary bypass bridge within two
                                                weeks and publicized alternate routes for ground transportation.[46]
                                                Russian officials claimed that the bridge attack did not affect Russian
                                                logistics routes between Melitopol and Crimea, but some milbloggers
                                                claimed otherwise and criticized occupation officials for not guarding
                                                the bridge.[47] The Ukrainian General Staff reported on December 13 that
                                                Ukrainian strikes destroyed the command post of the Russian 58th
                                                Combined Arms Army in Melitopol, and further strikes against Enerhodar,
                                                Tokmak, and Hulyaipole cumulatively wounded 150 personnel and destroyed
                                                three artillery installations and 10 pieces of equipment.[48] A Russian
                                                milblogger noted that ongoing Ukrainian strikes against rear areas in
                                                Zaporizhia Oblast resemble the Ukrainian strategy in advance of the
                                                Kherson counteroffensive, and cautioned Russian forces to learn from
                                                military failures in Kherson Oblast.[49]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
                                                announced on December 13 that it has made progress in negotiations
                                                regarding the demilitarization of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant
                                                (ZNPP), and French President Emmanuel Macron claimed that both sides
                                                agreed to the removal of Russian heavy weapons from the ZNPP grounds
                                                (Ukraine has no weapons of any sort on the ZNPP grounds).[50] Macron
                                                stated that negotiations are ongoing regarding the implementation of the
                                                removal of Russian heavy weapons from the ZNPP.[51] Russian occupation
                                                officials and milbloggers balked at Macron’s announcement, falsely
                                                claiming that Macron’s statement included the removal of light weapons
                                                from the ZNPP grounds.[52] Zaporizhia Oblast occupation official
                                                Vladimir Rogov claimed that Russian forces do not store heavy weapons at
                                                the ZNPP grounds and that the removal of light weapons, such as rifles,
                                                would compromise the physical security of the plant.[53] ISW has
                                                previously reported on satellite imagery demonstrating that Russian
                                                forces have stored heavy weapons on and around the ZNPP grounds,
                                                including under ZNPP infrastructure.[54] IAEA Director-General Rafael
                                                Grossi stated that he is confident that all sides will reach an
                                                agreement regarding the ZNPP soon.[55] An agreement regarding the
                                                demilitarization of the ZNPP remains unlikely to constitute a full or
                                                partial Russian military withdrawal from the ZNPP or Enerhodar, and
                                                would not eliminate the ongoing threat to the ZNPP, as ISW has
                                                previously assessed.[56]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian forces continued to conduct routine
                                                fire west of Hulyaipole and in Dnipropetrovsk and Mykolaiv oblasts on
                                                December 12. Ukrainian officials reported that Russian forces shelled
                                                Nikopol and Marhanets, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, and Ochakiv, Mykolaiv
                                                Oblast.[57]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><a
                                                    href="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Kherson-Mykolaiv%20Battle%20Map%20December%2013%2C2022.png"><img
                                                        src="https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Kherson-Mykolaiv%20Battle%20Map%20December%2013%2C2022.png"
                                                        width="500" height="785" /></a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Note: ISW will report on activities in
                                                    Kherson Oblast as part of the Southern Axis in this and subsequent
                                                    updates. Ukraine’s counteroffensive in right-bank Kherson Oblast has
                                                    accomplished its stated objectives, so ISW will not present a
                                                    Southern Ukraine counteroffensive section until Ukrainian forces
                                                    resume counteroffensives in southern Ukraine.</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                        style="text-decoration: underline;">Mobilization and Force
                                                        Generation Efforts</span></strong><strong> (Russian objective:
                                                    Expand combat power without conducting general
                                                    mobilization)</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">The Wagner Group is continuing efforts to use
                                                recruits from Russian prisons to generate combat power. The Ukrainian
                                                Resistance Center reported on December 13 that Wagner Group Financier
                                                Yevgeniy Prigozhin has sent over 23,000 Russian prisoners to the
                                                Ukrainian front lines as part of his extended effort to bolster his
                                                political influence and potentially position himself as Putin’s
                                                successor.[58] The Ukrainian Resistance Center claimed that Russian
                                                society does not care about the fate of prisoners, allowing Prigozhin to
                                                use them as cannon fodder in high-risk and high-mortality operations
                                                while keeping Wagner Group leadership out of combat.[59] Russian
                                                opposition outlet <em>Meduza </em>amplified a December 12 interview with
                                                a Wagner POW and Russian convict, Vyacheslav Izmailov, who stated that
                                                Wagner promised prisoner recruits a six-month contract, 200,000 rubles,
                                                privileges for their families, complete release from their criminal
                                                punishment upon completion of the contract, and a safer position in
                                                trenches along the second front line in Ukraine.[60] Izmailov stated
                                                that Wagner did not keep any of these promises and, after two weeks of
                                                training, the prisoner recruits were immediately thrown into the front
                                                line where the mortality rate was extremely high.[61] Izmailov stated
                                                that 70 Wagner convicts of his 90-person platoon were killed.[62] </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">The Ukrainian General Staff reported that
                                                Russian forces have intensified forced mobilization in occupied
                                                territories. The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces in
                                                Donetsk Oblast have intensified forced mobilization in an effort to
                                                replenish losses in the Russian 1st Army Corps (forces of the Donetsk
                                                People’s Republic).[63] The report stated that Russian forces in
                                                Horlivka, Donetsk are subjecting residents to forced conscriptions,
                                                especially residents with previous armored unit experience.[64]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian authorities are continuing efforts to
                                                facilitate the war using legislative measures. The Russian State Duma
                                                adopted the first reading of a draft law on December 13 which simplifies
                                                the transfer of military production from federal authorities to Russian
                                                nongovernment organizations as part of the State Defense Order.[65] The
                                                initiative is designed to ensure that the production of military
                                                equipment—like weapons, ammunition, spare vehicle parts, special
                                                components, and devices—remains proactive and that all such state
                                                production tasks are accomplished in a timely manner by lessening
                                                bureaucratic restraints on production.[66] A prominent Russian
                                                milblogger stated that this draft law is meant to eliminate the
                                                organizational and bureaucratic obstacles that slow down the efficiency
                                                of the war.[67]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">The Russian MoD, supported by various
                                                milbloggers, is attempting to establish a façade of attention to the
                                                needs of mobilized personnel. One Russian milblogger claimed that
                                                Russian forces are solving their problems and that professionalism and
                                                order among mobilized personnel are growing as the Russian forces become
                                                a "single organism."[68] The milblogger claimed that the Russian MoD has
                                                supplied forces with new equipment and technology, such as anti-drone
                                                guns, and that Russian forces improved their warfighting tactics such as
                                                artillery target-to-fire time.[69] Another Russian milblogger claimed
                                                that the Russian MoD responded to a video complaint from mobilized
                                                personnel concerning insufficient equipment by sending that unit new
                                                equipment.[70] The milblogger stated that the Russian public should be
                                                proud of what the Russian MoD accomplished and that it is the "best in
                                                the world."[71]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian forces continued to experience issues
                                                with basic equipment and provisions for mobilized recruits. An
                                                open-source intelligence aggregator amplified a report that mobilized
                                                conscripts at a training base in Siberia are falling sick with
                                                bronchitis and pneumonia <em>en masse</em> likely due to living in tents
                                                in –30*C (-22*F) temperatures.[72] Open-source intelligence aggregators
                                                and a Ukrainian source also circulated photos of Russian dragon’s teeth
                                                barricades decaying in an unspecified location in Ukraine due to harsh
                                                weather conditions compared to a photo of dragon’s teeth made during
                                                World War II that appear less degraded despite their decades of age
                                                difference.[73]</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                        style="text-decoration: underline;">Activity in Russian-occupied
                                                        Areas</span></strong><strong> (Russian objective: consolidate
                                                    administrative control of and annexed areas; forcibly integrate
                                                    Ukrainian civilians into Russian sociocultural, economic, military,
                                                    and governance systems)</strong></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Ukrainian partisans conducted an assassination
                                                attempt against a Russian occupation official on December 12. The
                                                Ukrainian Resistance Center reported that Ukrainian partisans conducted
                                                an improvised explosive device (IED) attack against Kherson Oblast
                                                occupation Deputy Head Vitaly Bulyuk in his car in Skadovsk, Kherson
                                                Oblast, killing the car’s driver and injuring Bulyuk.[74] Kherson Oblast
                                                occupation head Vladimir Saldo condemned the assassination attempt,
                                                claiming that "Ukrainian terrorists" committed the attack.[75] Saldo
                                                stated that Bulyuk’s resulting injuries are not life-threatening.[76]
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">Russian authorities announced on December 13
                                                that they are currently only integrating occupied Donetsk and Luhansk
                                                oblasts into the Russian judicial system. Russian State Duma Committee
                                                on State Construction and Legislation First Deputy Chairperson Irina
                                                Pankina stated that only legislation on the integration of the Donetsk
                                                and Luhansk People’s Republics (DNR and LNR) into the Russian judicial
                                                system is "at a high stage of readiness," explicitly stating that the
                                                legislation "does not apply to Zaporizhia and Kherson" oblasts.[77]
                                                Pankina did not state a reason for the delay in legislation for occupied
                                                Zaporizhia and Kherson oblasts.[78] A Russian milblogger claimed that
                                                Pankina's announcement is "alarming" given that Russia considers all
                                                four illegally occupied territories as "inalienable territories of the
                                                Russian Federation."[79] Such disparate treatment of occupied
                                                territories may contribute to setting information conditions for the
                                                eventual territorial loss of some or all of Kherson and Zaporizhia
                                                oblasts, whether intentional or not, and suggests constant confusion in
                                                Russia’s annexation agenda. </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Note: ISW does not receive any
                                                    classified material from any source, uses only publicly available
                                                    information, and draws extensively on Russian, Ukrainian, and
                                                    Western reporting and social media as well as commercially available
                                                    satellite imagery and other geospatial data as the basis for these
                                                    reports. References to all sources used are provided in the endnotes
                                                    of each update. </strong> <span style="font-size: 13.008px;">
                                                </span></p>
                                            <div style="text-align: left;">
                                                <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
                                            </div>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[1] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/modmilby/20635">https://t.me/modmilby/20635</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[2] <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/charter_97/status/1602653962489962496?s=20&amp;t=ugpibJSGu-y70HcB76hbyw">https://twitter.com/charter_97/status/1602653962489962496?s=20&amp;t=ugpibJS...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[3] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/stranaua/80168">https://t.me/stranaua/80168</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[4] <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/MotolkoHelp/status/1602249174908534785;">https://twitter.com/MotolkoHelp/status/1602249174908534785;</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/MotolkoHelp/status/1602249168579330050">https://twitter.com/MotolkoHelp/status/1602249168579330050</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[5] <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/MotolkoHelp/status/1602656859512602624">https://twitter.com/MotolkoHelp/status/1602656859512602624</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[6] <a
                                                    href="https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-december-11">https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-ass...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[7] <a
                                                    href="https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-december-11">https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-ass...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[8] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKrfUXaSXmBtthHEgRwMfAms7xEyvyU6N9MAyRYxgkALR2u5l;">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKr...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4xRQuaAKZDWh5NJNYFqB8qtNofCDjngbrWXt2EQTzuzFysAl">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[9] <a
                                                    href="https://www.ukrinform dot">https://www.ukrinform dot</a>
                                                ua/rubric-ato/3633355-zaava-lukasenka-pro-perevirku-boegotovnosti-biloruskoi-armii-e-nagnitannam-situacii-dpsu.html
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[10] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/rybar/41971;">https://t.me/rybar/41971;</a> <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/rybar/41591">https://t.me/rybar/41591</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[11] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/rybar/41971">https://t.me/rybar/41971</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[12] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/grishkafilippov/11364; https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/20582 ; https://t.me/grey_zone/16231  ">https://t.me/grishkafilippov/11364;
                                                    https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/2...</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[13] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/grishkafilippov/11364">https://t.me/grishkafilippov/11364</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[14] <a
                                                    href="https://www.axios.com/2022/12/12/ukraine-war-russia-missiles-iran-limit;">https://www.axios.com/2022/12/12/ukraine-war-russia-missiles-iran-limit;</a>
                                                <a href="https://t.me/maymun5/18091">https://t.me/maymun5/18091</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[15] <a
                                                    href="https://www.axios.com/2022/12/12/ukraine-war-russia-missiles-iran-limit;">https://www.axios.com/2022/12/12/ukraine-war-russia-missiles-iran-limit;</a>
                                                <a href="https://t.me/maymun5/18091">https://t.me/maymun5/18091</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[16] <a
                                                    href="https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%203007/v3007.pdf;">https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%203007/v3007.pdf;</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/world/europe/russia-ukraine-missiles.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/world/europe/russia-ukraine-missiles....</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[17] <a
                                                    href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/world/europe/russia-ukraine-missiles.html?auth=login-facebook">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/world/europe/russia-ukraine-missiles....</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[18] <a
                                                    href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/13/politics/us-patriot-missile-defense-system-ukraine/index.html;">https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/13/politics/us-patriot-missile-defense-syste...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/us-finalizing-plans-send-patriot-missile-defense-system-ukraine-officials-2022-12-13/">https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/us-finalizing-plans-send-patriot-mi...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[19] <a
                                                    href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/13/politics/us-patriot-missile-defense-system-ukraine/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/13/politics/us-patriot-missile-defense-syste...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[20] <a
                                                    href="https://sozd.duma.gov dot">https://sozd.duma.gov dot</a>
                                                ru/bill/253939-8; <a
                                                    href="https://meduza.io/cards/diversantov-priravnyayut-k-terroristam-opravdanie-diversiy-v-nekotoryh-sluchayah-stanet-prestupleniem">https://meduza.io/cards/diversantov-priravnyayut-k-terroristam-opravdani...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[21] <a
                                                    href="https://novayagazeta dot">https://novayagazeta dot</a>
                                                eu/articles/2022/12/12/vragonostsy</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[22] <a
                                                    href="https://www.interfax-russia dot">https://www.interfax-russia
                                                    dot</a>
                                                ru/main/bortnikov-otmetil-rost-ugrozy-teraktov-v-regionah-rf-v-svyazi-s-deyatelnostyu-ukrainskih-specsluzhb;
                                                <a href="https://t.me/readovkanews/48811; https://meduza dot">https://t.me/readovkanews/48811;
                                                    https://meduza dot</a>
                                                io/feature/2022/12/13/10-let-nazad-fsb-otchityvalas-o-predotvraschenii-desyatkov-teraktov-kotorye-yakoby-gotovili-islamisty-teper-ona-predotvraschaet-terakty-sbu-i-ukrainskih-natsionalistov
                                                ; <a href="https://novayagazeta dot">https://novayagazeta dot</a>
                                                eu/articles/2022/12/12/vragonostsy</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[23] <a
                                                    href="https://isw.pub/UkrWar120922;">https://isw.pub/UkrWar120922;</a>
                                                <a href="https://isw.pub/UkrWar120922">https://isw.pub/UkrWar120922</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[24] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4xRQuaAKZDWh5NJNYFqB8qtNofCDjngbrWXt2EQTzuzFysAl">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[25] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/rybar/41969">https://t.me/rybar/41969</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[26] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/stranaua/80134; https://t.me/stranaua/80126;">https://t.me/stranaua/80134;
                                                    https://t.me/stranaua/80126;</a> <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/synegubov/5027">https://t.me/synegubov/5027</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[27] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4xRQuaAKZDWh5NJNYFqB8qtNofCDjngbrWXt2EQTzuzFysAl">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[28] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/rybar/41969">https://t.me/rybar/41969</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[29] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/mod_russia/22630;">https://t.me/mod_russia/22630;</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[30] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/mod_russia/22630; https://t.me/wargonzo/9751">https://t.me/mod_russia/22630;
                                                    https://t.me/wargonzo/9751</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[31] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/rybar/41972">https://t.me/rybar/41972</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[32] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/wargonzo/9769; https://t.me/rybar/41972">https://t.me/wargonzo/9769;
                                                    https://t.me/rybar/41972</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[33] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4xRQuaAKZDWh5NJNYFqB8qtNofCDjngbrWXt2EQTzuzFysAl">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[34] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/wargonzo/9769  ">https://t.me/wargonzo/9769 </a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[35] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/mod_russia/22630; https://t.me/kommunist/14173; https://t.me/rybar/41972; https://t.me/RtrDonetsk/13087; https://t.me/miroshnik_r/9844">https://t.me/mod_russia/22630;
                                                    https://t.me/kommunist/14173; https://t...</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[36] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4xRQuaAKZDWh5NJNYFqB8qtNofCDjngbrWXt2EQTzuzFysAl">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[37] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/nm_dnr/9585">https://t.me/nm_dnr/9585</a>\; <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/milchronicles/1388">https://t.me/milchronicles/1388</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[38] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/kommunist/14168; https://t.me/epoddubny/14116; https://t.me/russkiy_opolchenec/35256">https://t.me/kommunist/14168;
                                                    https://t.me/epoddubny/14116; https://t....</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[39] <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/MalcontentmentT/status/1602554245181734912">https://twitter.com/MalcontentmentT/status/1602554245181734912</a><br /><a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/MalcontentmentT/status/1602554250852438016  ">https://twitter.com/MalcontentmentT/status/1602554250852438016
                                                </a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[40] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/mod_russia/22630; https://t.me/milchronicles/1387  ">https://t.me/mod_russia/22630;
                                                    https://t.me/milchronicles/1387 </a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[41] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4xRQuaAKZDWh5NJNYFqB8qtNofCDjngbrWXt2EQTzuzFysAl">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[42] <a
                                                    href="https://suspilne">https://suspilne</a> dot
                                                media/336280-vijskovi-rf-zdijsnuut-peredislokaciu-svoih-pidrozdiliv-na-hersonsini/
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[43] <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/Militarylandnet/status/1602406567340609558?s=20&amp;t=9H90SnSMC2RGBBD-L2J01g">https://twitter.com/Militarylandnet/status/1602406567340609558?s=20&amp;t=9H...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[44] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKrfUXaSXmBtthHEgRwMfAms7xEyvyU6N9MAyRYxgkALR2u5l;">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKr...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4xRQuaAKZDWh5NJNYFqB8qtNofCDjngbrWXt2EQTzuzFysAl">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[45] <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/bayraktar_1love/status/1602385344535617539?s=20&amp;t=7KUHJj3gEq8UJ8kuEez_pA;">https://twitter.com/bayraktar_1love/status/1602385344535617539?s=20&amp;t=7K...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/bayraktar_1love/status/1602433326526103553?s=20&amp;t=7KUHJj3gEq8UJ8kuEez_pA;">https://twitter.com/bayraktar_1love/status/1602433326526103553?s=20&amp;t=7K...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/bayraktar_1love/status/1602435347031400458?s=20&amp;t=7KUHJj3gEq8UJ8kuEez_pA;">https://twitter.com/bayraktar_1love/status/1602435347031400458?s=20&amp;t=7K...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/666_mancer/status/1602603173528625152?s=20&amp;t=0xztjiV2J7X-tTo7tWBgXQ; https://t.co/xLtxywltpy;">https://twitter.com/666_mancer/status/1602603173528625152?s=20&amp;t=0xztjiV...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/GirkinGirkin/status/1602378025617821696">https://twitter.com/GirkinGirkin/status/1602378025617821696</a>
                                                ; <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/GirkinGirkin/status/1602375838821126145">https://twitter.com/GirkinGirkin/status/1602375838821126145</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[46] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/BalitskyEV/598;">https://t.me/BalitskyEV/598;</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/readovkanews/48802;">https://t.me/readovkanews/48802;</a>
                                                <a href="https://t.me/vrogov/6480;">https://t.me/vrogov/6480;</a> <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/stranaua/80200">https://t.me/stranaua/80200</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[47] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/BalitskyEV/598; https://t.me/readovkanews/48802; https://t.me/vrogov/6480; https://t.me/stranaua/80200; https://t.me/vrogov/6474; https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16173;">https://t.me/BalitskyEV/598;
                                                    https://t.me/readovkanews/48802; https://...</a> <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/20565; https://t.me/militarymaps/30969;">https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/20565;
                                                    https://t.me/militarymaps/30969;</a> <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/sashakots/37602">https://t.me/sashakots/37602</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[48] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKrfUXaSXmBtthHEgRwMfAms7xEyvyU6N9MAyRYxgkALR2u5l">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKr...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[49] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/rybar/41968">https://t.me/rybar/41968</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[50] <a
                                                    href="https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-136-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine;">https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-136-iaea-director-g...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-zaporizhzhia-removing-heavy-weapons-macron/32174372.html;">https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-zaporizhzhia-removing-heavy-weapons-macr...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-macron-discussion-modalities-over-removing-heavy-weapons-ukraines-2022-12-13/">https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-macron-discussion-modalitie...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[51] <a
                                                    href="https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-zaporizhzhia-removing-heavy-weapons-macron/32174372.html;">https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-zaporizhzhia-removing-heavy-weapons-macr...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-macron-discussion-modalities-over-removing-heavy-weapons-ukraines-2022-12-13/">https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-macron-discussion-modalitie...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[52] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/vrogov/6488;">https://t.me/vrogov/6488;</a> <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16174">https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16174</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[53] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/vrogov/6488">https://t.me/vrogov/6488</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[54] <a
                                                    href="https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-december-8;">https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august6;">https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-ass...</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-8;">https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-ass...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"><a
                                                    href="https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-29">https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[55] <a
                                                    href="https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-136-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine">https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-136-iaea-director-g...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[56] <a
                                                    href="https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-november-27">https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[57] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/zoda_gov_ua/15423 ; https://t.me/zoda_gov_ua/15427 ; https://t.me/zoda_gov_ua/15429 ; https://t.me/zoda_gov_ua/15438; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKrfUXaSXmBtthHEgRwMfAms7xEyvyU6N9MAyRYxgkALR2u5l ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid029PGV2knRTJUyRyubs4xRQuaAKZDWh5NJNYFqB8qtNofCDjngbrWXt2EQTzuzFysAl ">https://t.me/zoda_gov_ua/15423
                                                    ; https://t.me/zoda_gov_ua/15427 ; ht...</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[58] <a
                                                    href="https://sprotyv">https://sprotyv</a>(dot)mod.gov.ua/2022/12/13/polyuvannya-na-vagnerivcziv/
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[59] <a
                                                    href="https://sprotyv">https://sprotyv</a>(dot)mod.gov.ua/2022/12/13/polyuvannya-na-vagnerivcziv/
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[60] <a
                                                    href="https://meduza">https://meduza</a>(dot)io/feature/2022/12/13/v-ukrainskih-telegram-kanalah-opublikovali-intervyu-byvshego-zaklyuchennogo-zaverbovannogo-v-chvk-vagnera
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[61] <a
                                                    href="https://meduza">https://meduza</a>(dot)io/feature/2022/12/13/v-ukrainskih-telegram-kanalah-opublikovali-intervyu-byvshego-zaklyuchennogo-zaverbovannogo-v-chvk-vagnera
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[62] <a
                                                    href="https://meduza">https://meduza</a>(dot)io/feature/2022/12/13/v-ukrainskih-telegram-kanalah-opublikovali-intervyu-byvshego-zaklyuchennogo-zaverbovannogo-v-chvk-vagnera
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[63] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKrfUXaSXmBtthHEgRwMfAms7xEyvyU6N9MAyRYxgkALR2u5l">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKr...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[64] <a
                                                    href="https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKrfUXaSXmBtthHEgRwMfAms7xEyvyU6N9MAyRYxgkALR2u5l">https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0odysZNsue1X4xD9DrKr...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[65] <a
                                                    href="https://dumatv">https://dumatv</a> dot
                                                ru/news/protseduru-peredachi-voennoi-produktsii-v-ramkah-gosoboronzakaza-mogut-uprostit
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[66] <a
                                                    href="https://dumatv">https://dumatv</a> dot
                                                ru/news/protseduru-peredachi-voennoi-produktsii-v-ramkah-gosoboronzakaza-mogut-uprostit
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[67] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/boris_rozhin/72713">https://t.me/boris_rozhin/72713</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[68] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/20571;">https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/20571;</a>
                                                <a href="https://t.me/RSaponkov/4151">https://t.me/RSaponkov/4151</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[69] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/20571;">https://t.me/NeoficialniyBeZsonoV/20571;</a>
                                                <a href="https://t.me/RSaponkov/4151">https://t.me/RSaponkov/4151</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[70] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16170">https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16170</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[71] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16170">https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16170</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[72] <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/ChrisO_wiki/status/1602409553362096129?s=20&amp;t=ugpibJSGu-y70HcB76hbyw">https://twitter.com/ChrisO_wiki/status/1602409553362096129?s=20&amp;t=ugpibJ...</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[73] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/privatnamemarnya/47809?single ">https://t.me/privatnamemarnya/47809?single
                                                </a> ; <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/oryxspioenkop/status/1600151315371347968;">https://twitter.com/oryxspioenkop/status/1600151315371347968;</a>
                                                <a
                                                    href="https://twitter.com/oryxspioenkop/status/1600151829555294208; https://twitter.com/Madmechanic911/status/1602427513992536065">https://twitter.com/oryxspioenkop/status/1600151829555294208;
                                                    https://t...</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[74] <a
                                                    href="https://sprotyv.mod.gov">https://sprotyv.mod.gov</a> dot
                                                ua/2022/12/13/na-hersonshhyni-pidirvaly-kolaboranta/</p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[75] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/SALDO_VGA/240">https://t.me/SALDO_VGA/240</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[76] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/SALDO_VGA/239">https://t.me/SALDO_VGA/239</a></p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[77] <a
                                                    href="https://ru.espreso dot">https://ru.espreso dot</a>
                                                tv/tolko-lnr-i-dnr-rossiya-ne-planiruet-integrirovat-v-sudebnuyu-sistemu-okkupirovannye-zaporozhe-i-khersonshchinu
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[78] <a
                                                    href="https://ru.espreso">https://ru.espreso</a> dot
                                                tv/tolko-lnr-i-dnr-rossiya-ne-planiruet-integrirovat-v-sudebnuyu-sistemu-okkupirovannye-zaporozhe-i-khersonshchinu
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;">[79] <a
                                                    href="https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16191">https://t.me/m0sc0wcalling/16191</a>
                                            </p>
                                            <p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
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