Doc/library/socket.rst

@@ -882,10 +882,10 @@ The following functions all create :ref:`socket objects <socket-objects>`.
    , a default reasonable value is chosen.
    *reuse_port* dictates whether to set the :data:`SO_REUSEPORT` socket option.
 
-   If *dualstack_ipv6* is true and the platform supports it the socket will
-   be able to accept both IPv4 and IPv6 connections, else it will raise
-   :exc:`ValueError`. Most POSIX platforms and Windows are supposed to support
-   this functionality.
+   If *dualstack_ipv6* is true, *family* is :data:`AF_INET6` and the platform
+   supports it the socket will be able to accept both IPv4 and IPv6 connections,
+   else it will raise :exc:`ValueError`. Most POSIX platforms and Windows are
+   supposed to support this functionality.
    When this functionality is enabled the address returned by
    :meth:`socket.getpeername` when an IPv4 connection occurs will be an IPv6
    address represented as an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.

Doc/library/stdtypes.rst

@@ -4780,7 +4780,7 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry.
       such as an empty list.  To get distinct values, use a :ref:`dict
       comprehension <dict>` instead.
 
-   .. method:: get(key, default=None)
+   .. method:: get(key, default=None, /)
 
       Return the value for *key* if *key* is in the dictionary, else *default*.
       If *default* is not given, it defaults to ``None``, so that this method
@@ -4822,7 +4822,7 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.8
 
-   .. method:: setdefault(key, default=None)
+   .. method:: setdefault(key, default=None, /)
 
       If *key* is in the dictionary, return its value.  If not, insert *key*
       with a value of *default* and return *default*.  *default* defaults to

Include/internal/pycore_symtable.h

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ typedef struct _symtable_entry {
     unsigned ste_method : 1; /* true if block is a function block defined in class scope */
     unsigned ste_has_conditional_annotations : 1; /* true if block has conditionally executed annotations */
     unsigned ste_in_conditional_block : 1; /* set while we are inside a conditionally executed block */
+    unsigned ste_in_unevaluated_annotation : 1; /* set while we are processing an annotation that will not be evaluated */
     int ste_comp_iter_expr; /* non-zero if visiting a comprehension range expression */
     _Py_SourceLocation ste_loc; /* source location of block */
     struct _symtable_entry *ste_annotation_block; /* symbol table entry for this entry's annotations */

Lib/email/_policybase.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 """
 
 import abc
+import re
 from email import header
 from email import charset as _charset
 from email.utils import _has_surrogates
@@ -14,6 +15,14 @@
     'compat32',
     ]
 
+# validation regex from RFC 5322, equivalent to pattern re.compile("[!-9;-~]+$")
+valid_header_name_re = re.compile("[\041-\071\073-\176]+$")
+
+def validate_header_name(name):
+    # Validate header name according to RFC 5322
+    if not valid_header_name_re.match(name):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Header field name contains invalid characters: {name!r}")
 
 class _PolicyBase:
 
@@ -314,6 +323,7 @@ def header_store_parse(self, name, value):
         """+
         The name and value are returned unmodified.
         """
+        validate_header_name(name)
         return (name, value)
 
     def header_fetch_parse(self, name, value):

Lib/email/policy.py

@@ -4,7 +4,13 @@
 
 import re
 import sys
-from email._policybase import Policy, Compat32, compat32, _extend_docstrings
+from email._policybase import (
+    Compat32,
+    Policy,
+    _extend_docstrings,
+    compat32,
+    validate_header_name
+)
 from email.utils import _has_surrogates
 from email.headerregistry import HeaderRegistry as HeaderRegistry
 from email.contentmanager import raw_data_manager
@@ -138,6 +144,7 @@ def header_store_parse(self, name, value):
         CR or LF characters.
 
         """
+        validate_header_name(name)
         if hasattr(value, 'name') and value.name.lower() == name.lower():
             return (name, value)
         if isinstance(value, str) and len(value.splitlines())>1:

Lib/test/test_ctypes/test_dlerror.py

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def test_null_dlsym(self):
             # Assert that the IFUNC was called
             self.assertEqual(os.read(pipe_r, 2), b'OK')
 
-
+@test.support.thread_unsafe('setlocale is not thread-safe')
 @unittest.skipUnless(os.name != 'nt', 'test requires dlerror() calls')
 class TestLocalization(unittest.TestCase):
 

Lib/test/test_email/test_email.py

@@ -728,6 +728,31 @@ def test_nonascii_add_header_with_tspecial(self):
             "attachment; filename*=utf-8''Fu%C3%9Fballer%20%5Bfilename%5D.ppt",
             msg['Content-Disposition'])
 
+    def test_invalid_header_names(self):
+        invalid_headers = [
+            ('Invalid Header', 'contains space'),
+            ('Tab\tHeader', 'contains tab'),
+            ('Colon:Header', 'contains colon'),
+            ('', 'Empty name'),
+            (' LeadingSpace', 'starts with space'),
+            ('TrailingSpace ', 'ends with space'),
+            ('Header\x7F', 'Non-ASCII character'),
+            ('Header\x80', 'Extended ASCII'),
+        ]
+        for policy in (email.policy.default, email.policy.compat32):
+            for setter in (Message.__setitem__, Message.add_header):
+                for name, value in invalid_headers:
+                    self.do_test_invalid_header_names(
+                        policy, setter,name, value)
+
+    def do_test_invalid_header_names(self, policy, setter, name, value):
+        with self.subTest(policy=policy, setter=setter, name=name, value=value):
+            message = Message(policy=policy)
+            pattern = r'(?i)(?=.*invalid)(?=.*header)(?=.*name)'
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, pattern) as cm:
+                 setter(message, name, value)
+            self.assertIn(f"{name!r}", str(cm.exception))
+
     def test_binary_quopri_payload(self):
         for charset in ('latin-1', 'ascii'):
             msg = Message()

Lib/test/test_email/test_message.py

@@ -1004,6 +1004,30 @@ def test_folding_with_long_nospace_http_policy_1(self):
         parsed_msg = message_from_bytes(m.as_bytes(), policy=policy.default)
         self.assertEqual(parsed_msg['Message-ID'], m['Message-ID'])
 
+    def test_invalid_header_names(self):
+        invalid_headers = [
+            ('Invalid Header', 'contains space'),
+            ('Tab\tHeader', 'contains tab'),
+            ('Colon:Header', 'contains colon'),
+            ('', 'Empty name'),
+            (' LeadingSpace', 'starts with space'),
+            ('TrailingSpace ', 'ends with space'),
+            ('Header\x7F', 'Non-ASCII character'),
+            ('Header\x80', 'Extended ASCII'),
+        ]
+        for email_policy in (policy.default, policy.compat32):
+            for setter in (EmailMessage.__setitem__, EmailMessage.add_header):
+                for name, value in invalid_headers:
+                    self.do_test_invalid_header_names(email_policy, setter, name, value)
+
+    def do_test_invalid_header_names(self, policy, setter, name, value):
+        with self.subTest(policy=policy, setter=setter, name=name, value=value):
+            message = EmailMessage(policy=policy)
+            pattern = r'(?i)(?=.*invalid)(?=.*header)(?=.*name)'
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, pattern) as cm:
+                 setter(message, name, value)
+            self.assertIn(f"{name!r}", str(cm.exception))
+
     def test_get_body_malformed(self):
         """test for bpo-42892"""
         msg = textwrap.dedent("""\

Lib/test/test_timeit.py

@@ -297,9 +297,7 @@ def test_main_negative_reps(self):
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2, "need __doc__")
     def test_main_help(self):
         s = self.run_main(switches=['-h'])
-        # Note: It's not clear that the trailing space was intended as part of
-        # the help text, but since it's there, check for it.
-        self.assertEqual(s, timeit.__doc__ + ' ')
+        self.assertEqual(s, timeit.__doc__)
 
     def test_main_verbose(self):
         s = self.run_main(switches=['-v'])

Lib/test/test_tools/test_msgfmt.py

@@ -42,8 +42,11 @@ def test_compilation(self):
                     self.assertDictEqual(actual._catalog, expected._catalog)
 
     def test_binary_header(self):
-        with open(data_dir / "general.mo", "rb") as f:
-            mo_data = f.read()
+        with temp_cwd():
+            tmp_mo_file = 'messages.mo'
+            compile_messages(data_dir / "general.po", tmp_mo_file)
+            with open(tmp_mo_file, 'rb') as f:
+                mo_data = f.read()
 
         (
             magic,
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ def test_binary_header(self):
             trans_table_offset,
             hash_table_size,
             hash_table_offset,
-        ) = struct.unpack("=Iiiiiii", mo_data[:28])
+        ) = struct.unpack("=7I", mo_data[:28])
 
         self.assertEqual(magic, 0x950412de)
         self.assertEqual(version, 0)

Lib/test/test_type_annotations.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import textwrap
 import types
 import unittest
-from test.support import run_code, check_syntax_error
+from test.support import run_code, check_syntax_error, cpython_only
 
 
 class TypeAnnotationTests(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -109,6 +109,16 @@ class D(metaclass=C):
             del D.__annotations__
         self.assertEqual(D.__annotations__, {})
 
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_no_cell(self):
+        # gh-130924: Test that uses of annotations in local scopes do not
+        # create cell variables.
+        def f(x):
+            a: x
+            return x
+
+        self.assertEqual(f.__code__.co_cellvars, ())
+
 
 def build_module(code: str, name: str = "top") -> types.ModuleType:
     ns = run_code(code)
@@ -352,6 +362,7 @@ def test_no_exotic_expressions_in_unevaluated_annotations(self):
                 check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (yield)", "yield expression cannot be used within an annotation")
                 check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (yield from x)", "yield expression cannot be used within an annotation")
                 check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (y := 3)", "named expression cannot be used within an annotation")
+                check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (__debug__ := 3)", "named expression cannot be used within an annotation")
                 check_syntax_error(self, prelude + "(x): (await 42)", "await expression cannot be used within an annotation")
 
     def test_ignore_non_simple_annotations(self):

Lib/timeit.py

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
     timeit(string, string) -> float
     repeat(string, string) -> list
     default_timer() -> float
-
 """
 
 import gc
@@ -302,7 +301,7 @@ def main(args=None, *, _wrap_timer=None):
                 precision += 1
             verbose += 1
         if o in ("-h", "--help"):
-            print(__doc__, end=' ')
+            print(__doc__, end="")
             return 0
     setup = "\n".join(setup) or "pass"
 

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-03-13-20-23-02.gh-issue-129149.z42wkm.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Add fast path for small and medium-size integers in
+:c:func:`PyLong_FromInt32`, :c:func:`PyLong_FromUInt32`,
+:c:func:`PyLong_FromInt64` and
+:c:func:`PyLong_FromUInt64`. Patch by Chris Eibl.

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-03-28-07-39-10.gh-issue-130924.l2Rbmj.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Usage of a name in a function-scope annotation no longer triggers creation
+of a cell for that variable. This fixes a regression in earlier alphas of
+Python 3.14.

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-12-11-17-44-36.gh-issue-127794.VwmRsp.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+When headers are added to :class:`email.message.Message` objects, either through
+:meth:`email.message.Message.__setitem__` or :meth:`email.message.Message.add_header`,
+the field name is now validated according to :rfc:`RFC 5322, Section 2.2 <5322#section-2.2>`
+and a :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the field name contains any invalid characters.

Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ bytes(cdata)
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _Py_EnterRecursiveCall()
 #include "pycore_unicodeobject.h" // _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString()
+#include "pycore_pyatomic_ft_wrappers.h"
 #ifdef MS_WIN32
 #  include "pycore_modsupport.h"  // _PyArg_NoKeywords()
 #endif
@@ -710,13 +711,15 @@ StructUnionType_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds, int isStruc
         if (baseinfo == NULL) {
             return 0;
         }
-
+        int ret = 0;
+        STGINFO_LOCK(baseinfo);
         /* copy base info */
-        if (PyCStgInfo_clone(info, baseinfo) < 0) {
-            return -1;
+        ret = PyCStgInfo_clone(info, baseinfo);
+        if (ret >= 0) {
+            stginfo_set_dict_final_lock_held(baseinfo); /* set the 'final' flag in the baseclass info */
         }
-        info->flags &= ~DICTFLAG_FINAL; /* clear the 'final' flag in the subclass info */
-        baseinfo->flags |= DICTFLAG_FINAL; /* set the 'final' flag in the baseclass info */
+        STGINFO_UNLOCK();
+        return ret;
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3122,6 +3125,7 @@ PyCData_MallocBuffer(CDataObject *obj, StgInfo *info)
      * access.
      */
    assert (Py_REFCNT(obj) == 1);
+   assert(stginfo_get_dict_final(info) == 1);
 
     if ((size_t)info->size <= sizeof(obj->b_value)) {
         /* No need to call malloc, can use the default buffer */
@@ -3167,7 +3171,7 @@ PyCData_FromBaseObj(ctypes_state *st,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    info->flags |= DICTFLAG_FINAL;
+    stginfo_set_dict_final(info);
     cmem = (CDataObject *)((PyTypeObject *)type)->tp_alloc((PyTypeObject *)type, 0);
     if (cmem == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -3216,7 +3220,7 @@ PyCData_AtAddress(ctypes_state *st, PyObject *type, void *buf)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    info->flags |= DICTFLAG_FINAL;
+    stginfo_set_dict_final(info);
 
     pd = (CDataObject *)((PyTypeObject *)type)->tp_alloc((PyTypeObject *)type, 0);
     if (!pd) {
@@ -3451,7 +3455,7 @@ generic_pycdata_new(ctypes_state *st,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    info->flags |= DICTFLAG_FINAL;
+    stginfo_set_dict_final(info);
 
     obj = (CDataObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
     if (!obj)
@@ -4402,7 +4406,7 @@ _build_result(PyObject *result, PyObject *callargs,
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-PyCFuncPtr_call(PyObject *op, PyObject *inargs, PyObject *kwds)
+PyCFuncPtr_call_lock_held(PyObject *op, PyObject *inargs, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     PyObject *restype;
     PyObject *converters;
@@ -4540,6 +4544,16 @@ PyCFuncPtr_call(PyObject *op, PyObject *inargs, PyObject *kwds)
                          outmask, inoutmask, numretvals);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+PyCFuncPtr_call(PyObject *op, PyObject *inargs, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *result;
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op);
+    result = PyCFuncPtr_call_lock_held(op, inargs, kwds);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    return result;
+}
+
 static int
 PyCFuncPtr_traverse(PyObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
@@ -6089,14 +6103,19 @@ _ctypes_mod_exec(PyObject *mod)
     }
 
 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-        st->swapped_suffix = PyUnicode_InternFromString("_le");
+    st->swapped_suffix = PyUnicode_InternFromString("_le");
 #else
-        st->swapped_suffix = PyUnicode_InternFromString("_be");
+    st->swapped_suffix = PyUnicode_InternFromString("_be");
 #endif
     if (st->swapped_suffix == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
 
+    st->error_object_name = PyUnicode_InternFromString("ctypes.error_object");
+    if (st->error_object_name == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
     if (_ctypes_add_types(mod) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }

Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c

@@ -164,12 +164,7 @@ _ctypes_get_errobj(ctypes_state *st, int **pspace)
                         "cannot get thread state");
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (st->error_object_name == NULL) {
-        st->error_object_name = PyUnicode_InternFromString("ctypes.error_object");
-        if (st->error_object_name == NULL) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
+    assert(st->error_object_name != NULL);
     if (PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, st->error_object_name, &errobj) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }