Added functionality for int_format_into

Author: madhav-madhusoodanan

library/core/src/num/int_format.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
+
+/// A minimal buffer implementation containing elements of type
+/// `MaybeUninit::<u8>`.
+pub struct NumBuffer<const N: usize> {
+    pub contents: [MaybeUninit::<u8>; N]
+}
+
+impl<const N: usize> NumBuffer<N> {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        NumBuffer {
+            contents: [MaybeUninit::<u8>::uninit(); N]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! int_impl_format_into {
+    ($($T:ident)*) => {
+        $(
+            #[unstable(feature = "int_format_into", issue = "138215")]
+            impl $T {
+                /// Allows users to write an integer (in signed decimal format) into a variable `buf` of
+                /// type [`NumBuffer`] that is passed by the caller by mutable reference.
+                ///
+                /// This function panics if `buf` does not have enough size to store
+                /// the signed decimal version of the number.
+                ///
+                /// # Examples
+                /// ```
+                /// #![feature(int_format_into)]
+                #[doc = concat!("let n = 32", stringify!($T), ";")]
+                /// let mut buf = NumBuffer::<3>::new();
+                ///
+                /// assert_eq!(n.format_into(&mut buf), "32");
+                /// ```
+                ///
+                fn format_into(self, buf: &mut crate::num::NumBuffer) -> &str {
+                    // 2 digit decimal look up table
+                    const DEC_DIGITS_LUT: &[u8; 200] = b"\
+                          0001020304050607080910111213141516171819\
+                          2021222324252627282930313233343536373839\
+                          4041424344454647484950515253545556575859\
+                          6061626364656667686970717273747576777879\
+                          8081828384858687888990919293949596979899";
+
+                    const NEGATIVE_SIGN: &[u8; 1] = b"-";
+
+                    // counting space for negative sign too, if `self` is negative
+                    let sign_offset = if self < 0 {1} else {0};
+                    let decimal_string_size: usize = self.ilog(10) as usize + 1 + sign_offset;
+
+                    // `buf` must have minimum size to store the decimal string version.
+                    if buf.contents.len() < decimal_string_size {
+                        panic!("Not enough buffer size to format into!");
+                    }
+
+                    // Count the number of bytes in `buf` that are not initialized.
+                    let mut offset = buf.contents.len();
+                    // Consume the least-significant decimals from a working copy.
+                    let mut remain = self;
+
+                    // Format per four digits from the lookup table.
+                    // Four digits need a 16-bit $unsigned or wider.
+                    while size_of::<Self>() > 1 && remain > 999.try_into().expect("branch is not hit for types that cannot fit 999 (u8)") {
+                        // SAFETY: All of the decimals fit in buf, since it now is size-checked
+                        // and the while condition ensures at least 4 more decimals.
+                        unsafe { core::hint::assert_unchecked(offset >= 4) }
+                        // SAFETY: The offset counts down from its initial buf.contents.len()
+                        // without underflow due to the previous precondition.
+                        unsafe { core::hint::assert_unchecked(offset <= buf.contents.len()) }
+                        offset -= 4;
+
+                        // pull two pairs
+                        let scale: Self = 1_00_00.try_into().expect("branch is not hit for types that cannot fit 1E4 (u8)");
+                        let quad = remain % scale;
+                        remain /= scale;
+                        let pair1 = (quad / 100) as usize;
+                        let pair2 = (quad % 100) as usize;
+                        buf.contents[offset + 0].write(DEC_DIGITS_LUT[pair1 * 2 + 0]);
+                        buf.contents[offset + 1].write(DEC_DIGITS_LUT[pair1 * 2 + 1]);
+                        buf.contents[offset + 2].write(DEC_DIGITS_LUT[pair2 * 2 + 0]);
+                        buf.contents[offset + 3].write(DEC_DIGITS_LUT[pair2 * 2 + 1]);
+                    }
+
+                    // Format per two digits from the lookup table.
+                    if remain > 9 {
+                        // SAFETY: All of the decimals fit in buf, since it now is size-checked
+                        // and the while condition ensures at least 2 more decimals.
+                        unsafe { core::hint::assert_unchecked(offset >= 2) }
+                        // SAFETY: The offset counts down from its initial buf.contents.len()
+                        // without underflow due to the previous precondition.
+                        unsafe { core::hint::assert_unchecked(offset <= buf.contents.len()) }
+                        offset -= 2;
+
+                        let pair = (remain % 100) as usize;
+                        remain /= 100;
+                        buf.contents[offset + 0].write(DEC_DIGITS_LUT[pair * 2 + 0]);
+                        buf.contents[offset + 1].write(DEC_DIGITS_LUT[pair * 2 + 1]);
+                    }
+
+                    // Format the last remaining digit, if any.
+                    if remain != 0 || self == 0 {
+                        // SAFETY: All of the decimals fit in buf, since it now is size-checked
+                        // and the if condition ensures (at least) 1 more decimals.
+                        unsafe { core::hint::assert_unchecked(offset >= 1) }
+                        // SAFETY: The offset counts down from its initial buf.contents.len()
+                        // without underflow due to the previous precondition.
+                        unsafe { core::hint::assert_unchecked(offset <= buf.contents.len()) }
+                        offset -= 1;
+
+                        // Either the compiler sees that remain < 10, or it prevents
+                        // a boundary check up next.
+                        let last = (remain & 15) as usize;
+                        buf.contents[offset].write(DEC_DIGITS_LUT[last * 2 + 1]);
+                        // not used: remain = 0;
+                    }
+
+                    if self < 0 {
+                        // SAFETY: All of the decimals (with the sign) fit in buf, since it now is size-checked
+                        // and the if condition ensures (at least) that the sign can be added.
+                        unsafe { core::hint::assert_unchecked(offset >= 1) }
+
+                        // SAFETY: The offset counts down from its initial buf.contents.len()
+                        // without underflow due to the previous precondition.
+                        unsafe { core::hint::assert_unchecked(offset <= buf.contents.len()) }
+
+                        // Setting sign for the negative number
+                        offset -= 1;
+                        buf.contents[offset].write(NEGATIVE_SIGN[0])
+                    }
+
+                    // SAFETY: All buf content since offset is set.
+                    let written = unsafe { buf.contents.get_unchecked(offset..) };
+
+                    // SAFETY: Writes use ASCII from the lookup table
+                    // (and `NEGATIVE_SIGN` in case of negative numbers) exclusively.
+                    let as_str = unsafe {
+                        str::from_utf8_unchecked(crate::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                            crate::mem::MaybeUninit::slice_as_ptr(written),
+                            written.len(),
+                        ))
+                    };
+                    as_str
+                }
+            }
+        )*
+    };
+}
+
+int_impl_format_into! { i8 i16 i32 i64 i128 isize }
+int_impl_format_into! { u8 u16 u32 u64 u128 usize }

library/core/src/num/mod.rs

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ mod nonzero;
 mod overflow_panic;
 mod saturating;
 mod wrapping;
+mod int_format;
 
 /// 100% perma-unstable
 #[doc(hidden)]
@@ -80,6 +81,8 @@ pub use nonzero::{NonZeroU8, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64, NonZeroU128, No
 pub use saturating::Saturating;
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub use wrapping::Wrapping;
+#[unstable(feature = "int_format_into", issue = "138215")]
+pub use int_format::NumBuffer;
 
 macro_rules! u8_xe_bytes_doc {
     () => {