Jump to content

«Մասնակից:Katriisha/Ավազարկղ»–ի խմբագրումների տարբերություն

Վիքիպեդիայից՝ ազատ հանրագիտարանից
Դիտել պատմությունը
← Նախորդ տարբՀաջորդ տարբ →
Content deleted Content added
ՎիզուալԵլատեքստ
No edit summary
No edit summary
Տող 1. Տող 1.
{{Short description|Computational task}}
{{Short description|Output device for presentation of information in visual form}}
{{redirects|Display technologies|the defunct company|Display Technologies, Inc.}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2016}}
{{Multiple issues|{{More citations needed|date=April 2023}}
{{other uses|Job (Unix)|Job stream}}
{{Inline citations|date=April 2023}}}}
[[Image:Anzeigen(Displays).jpg|240px|thumb|[[Nixie tube]]s, [[LED]] display and [[Vacuum fluorescent display|VF display]], top to bottom]][[File:Fallblattanzeigetafel ausschnitt ffm hbf.jpg|thumb|Display board at [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof]] (2005)]]
A '''display device''' is an [[output device]] for presentation of [[information]] in [[visual]]<ref name="University of West Florida">{{cite web|last=Lemley|first=Linda|title=Chapter 6: Output|url=http://uwf.edu/clemley/cgs1570w/notes/Concepts-6.htm|work=Discovering Computers|publisher=University of West Florida|access-date=3 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614152622/http://uwf.edu/clemley/cgs1570w/notes/Concepts-6.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref> or [[Touch|tactile]] form (the latter used for example in [[Refreshable Braille display|tactile electronic displays]] for blind people).<ref name="Office of the Chief information Officer">{{cite web|title=Accommodations For Vision Disabilities|url=http://energy.gov/cio/accommodations-vision-disabilities|work=Energy.gov|publisher=Office of the Chief information Officer|access-date=3 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609151025/http://energy.gov/cio/accommodations-vision-disabilities|archive-date=9 June 2012}}</ref> When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an ''[[Electronic visual display|electronic display]]''.


Common applications for ''electronic visual displays'' are [[television set]]s or [[computer monitor]]s.
In [[computing]], a '''job''' is a unit of work or unit of execution (that performs said work). A component of a job (as a unit of work) is called a ''[[task (computing)|task]]'' or a ''step'' (if sequential, as in a [[job stream]]). As a unit of execution, a job may be concretely identified with a single [[process (computing)|process]], which may in turn have subprocesses ([[child process]]es; the process corresponding to the job being the [[parent process]]) which perform the tasks or steps that comprise the work of the job; or with a [[process group]]; or with an abstract reference to a process or process group, as in [[Unix job control]].


== Types of electronic displays ==
Jobs can be started interactively, such as from a [[command line]], or scheduled for non-interactive execution by a [[job scheduler]], and then controlled via automatic or manual [[job control (computing)|job control]]. Jobs that have finite input can complete, successfully or unsuccessfully, or fail to complete and eventually be terminated. By contrast, online processing such as by [[server (computing)|servers]] has open-ended input (they service requests as long as they run), and thus never complete, only stopping when terminated (sometimes called "canceled"): a server's job is never done.
{{Main|Electronic visual display}}


==History==
=== In use ===
These are the technologies used to create the various displays in use today.
{{wiktionary|job}}
The term "job" has a traditional meaning as "piece of work", from [[Middle English]] "jobbe of work", and is used as such in manufacturing, in the phrase "[[job production]]", meaning "custom production", where it is contrasted with [[batch production]] (many items at once, one step at a time) and [[flow production]] (many items at once, all steps at the same time, by item). Note that these distinctions have become blurred in computing, where the oxymoronic term "[[batch job]]" is found, and used either for a one-off job or for a round of "[[batch processing]]" (same processing step applied to many items at once, originally [[punch card]]s).


* [[Liquid-crystal display]] (LCD)
In this sense of "job", a programmable computer performs "jobs", as each one can be different from the last. The term "job" is also common in [[operations research]], predating its use in computing, in such uses as [[job shop scheduling]] (see, for example {{harvtxt|Baker|Dzielinski|1960}} and references thereof from throughout the 1950s, including several "''System Research Department Reports''" from IBM Research Center). This analogy is applied to computer systems, where the [[system resource]]s are analogous to machines in a [[job shop]], and the goal of scheduling is to minimize the total time from beginning to end ([[makespan]]). The term "job" for computing work dates to the mid 1950s, as in this use from 1955:
** [[LED-backlit LCD|Light-emitting diode (LED) backlit LCD]]
** [[TFT LCD|Thin-film transistor (TFT) LCD]]
** [[Quantum dot display|Quantum dot (QLED) display]]
* [[LED display|Light-emitting diode (LED) display]]
** [[OLED|OLED display]]
** [[AMOLED|AMOLED display]]
** [[AMOLED#Super AMOLED|Super AMOLED display]]


==== Segment displays ====
''{{quote|"The program for an individual job is then written, calling up these subroutines by name wherever required, thus avoiding rewriting them for individual problems".<ref>{{cite conference |title=(Unknown title) |conference=Computer Applications |volume=2 |year=1955 |editor=[[Armour Research Foundation]] |publisher=Macmillan |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iSlLAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22individual+job%22 68]}}</ref>}}''
[[Image:Digital clock changing numbers.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Digital clocks display changing numerals]]
[[File:Common segment displays.svg|right|thumb|The common segment displays shown side by side: [[Seven-segment display|7-segment]], [[Nine-segment display|9-segment]], [[Fourteen-segment display|14-segment]] and [[Sixteen-segment display|16-segment]] displays]]
Some displays can show only [[numerical digit|digits]] or [[alphanumeric]] characters. They are called '''segment displays''', because they are composed of several segments that switch on and off to give appearance of desired [[glyph]]. The segments are usually single [[LED]]s or [[LCD|liquid crystals]]. They are mostly used in [[digital watch]]es and [[pocket calculator]]s. Common types are [[seven-segment display]]s which are used for numerals only, and alphanumeric [[Fourteen-segment display|fourteen-segment displays]] and [[sixteen-segment display]]s which can display numerals and Roman alphabet letters.


=== Other types ===
The term continued in occasional use, such as for the [[IBM 709]] (1958), and in wider use by early 1960s, such as for the [[IBM 7090]], with widespread use from the [[Job Control Language]] of [[OS/360]] (announced 1964). A standard early use of "job" is for compiling a program from source code, as this is a one-off task. The compiled program can then be run on batches of data.
* [[Vacuum fluorescent display]]
* [[Electroluminescent display|Electroluminescent (ELD) display]]
* [[Plasma display|Plasma (PDP) display]]
* [[Laser-powered phosphor display]]


[[Cathode-ray tube]]s were also formerly widely used.
==See also==
* [[Job queue]]
* [[Job scheduler]]
* [[Remote job entry]]


==== Full-area 2-dimensional displays ====
== Further reading ==
[[2-dimensional]] displays that cover a full area (usually a [[rectangle]]) are also called '''video displays''', since it is the main modality of presenting [[video]].
* {{cite journal
|title=Simulation of a Simplified Job Shop
|last1=Baker
|last2=Dzielinski
|journal=Management Science
|year=1960
|volume=6
|issue=3
|pages=311–323
|doi= 10.1287/mnsc.6.3.311}}


===== Applications of full-area 2-dimensional displays =====
==References==
Full-area 2-dimensional displays are used in, for example:
* [[Television set]]
* [[Computer monitor]]s
* [[Head-mounted display]]s, [[Heads-up display]]s and [[Virtual reality headset]]s
* [[Broadcast reference monitor]]
* [[Medical monitor]]s
* [[Mobile display]]s (for [[mobile devices]])
* [[Comparison of high-definition smartphone displays|Smartphone displays]] (for [[smartphones]])
* [[Video wall]]s

===== Underlying technologies of full-area 2-dimensional displays =====
Underlying technologies for full-area 2-dimensional displays include:
* [[Cathode-ray tube]] display (CRT)
* [[LED display|Light-emitting diode display]] (LED)
* [[Electroluminescent display]] (ELD)
* [[Electronic paper]], [[E Ink]]
* [[Plasma display]] panel (PDP)
* [[Liquid-crystal display]] (LCD)
** [[High-performance addressing]] display (HPA)
** [[Thin-film transistor]] display (TFT)
* [[Organic light-emitting diode]] display (OLED)
* [[Digital Light Processing]] display (DLP)
* [[Surface-conduction electron-emitter display]] (SED) (experimental)
* [[Field-emission display]] (FED) (experimental)
* [[Laser TV]] (forthcoming)
* [[Carbon nanotube]]s (experimental)
* [[Quantum dot display]] (QLED)
* [[Interferometric modulator display]] (IMOD)
* Digital microshutter display (DMS)
* [[microLED]] (in development)

The [[multiplexed display]] technique is used to drive most display devices.

==== Three-dimensional displays ====
* [[Swept-volume display]]
* [[Laser display]]
* [[Holographic display]]
* [[Light field display|Light field displays]]

{{Further|Volumetric display}}

== Mechanical types ==
* [[Ticker tape]] (historical)
* [[Split-flap display]] (or simply [[flap display]])
* [[Flip-disc display]] (or flip-dot display)
* Vane display
* [[Destination sign#Rollsign|Rollsign]]
* [[Refreshable braille display|Tactile electronic displays]] are usually intended for the blind. They use electro-mechanical parts to dynamically update a tactile image (usually of text) so that the image may be felt by the fingers.
** [[Optacon]], using metal rods instead of light in order to convey images to blind people by tactile sensation.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Electronics}}
* [[Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays]]
* [[Graphical user interface]]s
* [[History of display technology]]
* [[User interface]]
* [[Input device]]
* [[Text display]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Display devices}}
*[http://www.sid.org Society for Information Display] - An international professional organization dedicated to the study of display technology
*[https://www.uwaterloo.ca/stratford-campus University of Waterloo Stratford Campus] - A university that offers students the opportunity to display their work on the school's 3-storey Christie MicroTile wall.

{{Display technology}}
{{Authority control}}

06:46, 16 Օգոստոսի 2024-ի տարբերակ

Կաղապար:Short description Կաղապար:Redirects Կաղապար:Multiple issues

Nixie tubes, LED display and VF display, top to bottom
Display board at Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof (2005)

A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual[1] or tactile form (the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people).[2] When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an electronic display.

Common applications for electronic visual displays are television sets or computer monitors.

Types of electronic displays

Հիմնական հոդված՝ Electronic visual display

In use

These are the technologies used to create the various displays in use today.

Segment displays

Digital clocks display changing numerals
The common segment displays shown side by side: 7-segment, 9-segment, 14-segment and 16-segment displays

Some displays can show only digits or alphanumeric characters. They are called segment displays, because they are composed of several segments that switch on and off to give appearance of desired glyph. The segments are usually single LEDs or liquid crystals. They are mostly used in digital watches and pocket calculators. Common types are seven-segment displays which are used for numerals only, and alphanumeric fourteen-segment displays and sixteen-segment displays which can display numerals and Roman alphabet letters.

Other types

Cathode-ray tubes were also formerly widely used.

Full-area 2-dimensional displays

2-dimensional displays that cover a full area (usually a rectangle) are also called video displays, since it is the main modality of presenting video.

Applications of full-area 2-dimensional displays

Full-area 2-dimensional displays are used in, for example:

Underlying technologies of full-area 2-dimensional displays

Underlying technologies for full-area 2-dimensional displays include:

The multiplexed display technique is used to drive most display devices.

Three-dimensional displays

Հավելյալ տեղեկություն՝ Volumetric display

Mechanical types

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lemley, Linda. «Chapter 6: Output». Discovering Computers. University of West Florida. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 14 June 2012-ին. Վերցված է 3 June 2012-ին.
  2. ↑ «Accommodations For Vision Disabilities». Energy.gov. Office of the Chief information Officer. Արխիվացված օրիգինալից 9 June 2012-ին. Վերցված է 3 June 2012-ին.
Վիիքպահեստ

Կաղապար:Display technology

Ստացված է «https://hy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Մասնակից:Katriisha/Ավազարկղ&oldid=10083457» էջից