LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM 1 TEKNIK TRANSMISI

KONSTANTA PRIMER DAN KONSTANTA SEKUNDER SALURAN

TRANSMISI
Tanggal Praktikum : 9 Maret 2015

Disusun Oleh :
Praktikan

: Alifia Claudia Zahra

(131331004)

Partner

: Abdurrochman

(131331001)

Kelas

Adinda Aulia Larasati

(131331003)

Alya Patrakomala Putri

(131331005)

: 2A1

JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI
POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG
2015

KONSTANTA PRIMER DAN KONSTANTA SEKUNDER SALURAN TRANSMISI

I.

Tujuan Praktikum
Mempelajari konstanta-konstanta primer dan sekunder saluran koaksial
Memahami bahwa saluran memiliki resistansi, induktansi, kapasitansi, dan

konduktansi persatuan panjang

Mengukur resistansi, induktansi, kapasitansi, dan konduktansi saluran koaksial
dengan menggunakan jembatan Wheatstone dan MaxWell sebagai alat bantu dan

II.

menentukan impendansi karakteristik saluran

Mengamati pengaruh frekuensi terhadap resistansi, induktansi, kapasitansi, dan

konduktansi saluran
Menentukan model rangkaian dari saluran transmisi
Landasan Teori
Walaupun tidak berlaku umum, saluran transmisi dapat dimodelkan sebagai berikut:

Dengan : R = resistansi per satuan panjang (Ohm/meter)

L = induktansi per satuan panjang (Henry/meter)
G = konduktansi per satuan panjang (Siemens/meter)
C = kapasitansi per satuan panjang (Farad/meter)
R,L,G, dan C merupakan konstanta-konstanta primer saluran transmisi. Setiap saluran
transmisi memiliki konstanta primer yang berbeda beda, bergantung pada dimensi
fisik saluran, bahan pembuat saluran yang terdiri dari konduktor dan bahan dielektrik
dan frekuensi operasi saluran transmisi. Sebagai contoh saluran koaksial, geometri
dari saluran ini dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut :

Konduktor
Luar

Dielektrik

Konduktor
dalam

b
c

Dilihat dari gambar tersebut diatas, saluran koaksial memiliki dua konduktor, yaitu
konduktor dalam (inner conductor) dengan jari-jari a dan konduktor luar (outer
conductor) dengan jari-jari b. Konstanta primer dari saluran koaksial adalah sebagai
berikut :
1. Resistansi Saluran Per Satuan Panjang
Resistansi saluran per satuan panjang dari saluran koasial terdiri dari resistansi
dalam per satuan panjang dan resistansi luar per satuan panjang. Atau :

R ' R ' konduktordalam R ' konduktorluar

Resistansi saluran per satuan panjang untuk konduktor dalam dari saluran koasial
dalam memenuhi persamaan berikut:

R'

1
2. .a. .

Resistansi per satuan panjang untuk konduktor luar dari saluran koasial memenuhi
persamaan berikut :
R'

1
2. .b. .

dengan asumsi bahwa konduktivitas (

) kedua konduktor dan harga efek kulit ( )

sama.
Disini :
merupakan konduktivitas konduktor dalam siemens/meter dan merupakan skin
depth atau kedalaman kulit yang dirumuskan sebagai berikut :

1
f r o

Untuk mengukur resistansi saluran dapat digunakan alat bantu berupa

rangkaian jembatan Wheatstone, dimana kondisi saluran untuk mengukur resistansi
total (resistansi konduktor dalam + resistansi konduktor luar),

Sedangkan untuk

mengetahui besar resistansi konduktor luar adalah resistansi konduktor total dikurangi
resistansi konduktor dalam. Dengan mengatur potensiometer dari jembatan, sehingga
jembatan setimbang (Uy1 = 0), kita dapat mengetahui nilai resistansi saluran (Rx)
dengan menggunakan persamaan berikut :

R3
R
4
RX
R2

Tetapi pada prakteknya sangat sulit sekali memperoleh Uy1 =0.

Resistansi Rx ini merupakan resistansi untuk panjang saluran 100 meter
(karena saluran koasial yang digunakan panjangnya 100 meter). Sehingga resistansi
per satuan panjang dari saluran , R diberikan oleh :
R '

Rx
100meter

Atau secara umum untuk panjang saluran sembarang, resistansi saluran per satuan
panjang dinyatakan dalam :
R'

RX
l

2. Induktansi Saluran Per Satuan Panjang

Induktansi per satuan panjang dari saluran koasial dapat ditentukan dengan
menggunakan persamaan berikut :
L'

ln( b / a)
2.

Untuk mengukur induktansi saluran dapat digunakan alat bantu jembatan Maxwell.
Pada kondisi jembatan Maxwell setimbang, berlaku :
RX

LX R2 .R3 .C

R2 .R3
R4

dan
dari sini juga dapat dihitung faktor kualitas yang dihasilkan :
Q

.L X
1
RX

3. Kapasitansi Saluran Per Satuan Panjang

Kapasitansi per satuan panjang dari saluran koasial dapat ditentukan dengan
menggunakan persamaan berikut :
C'

2. .
ln( b / a )

Untuk mengukur kapasitansi saluran dapat digunakan alat bantu jembatan WienRobinson. Pada kondisi jembatan Wien- Robinson setimbang, berlaku :

CX

C.R4
R3

RX

R2 .R3
R4

GX 1

RX

4. Konduktansi Saluran Per Satuan Panjang

Konduktansi per satuan panjang dari saluran koasial dapat ditentukan dengan
menggunakan persamaan berikut :
G'

2. .
ln( b / a)

Impedansi karakteristik saluran, memenuhi persamaan :

Zo

R ' jL'
G ' jC '

Untuk saluran tanpa rugi-rugi (Losless line), Nilai

Zo

R' G ' 0

, sehingga :

L'
C'

Konstanta propagasi saluran, memenuhi persamaan :

III.

R jL G jC

Diagram Rangkaian
1. Jembatan Wheatstone (untuk mengukur resistansi saluran) :

Gambar 1.1 Rangkaian jembatan Wheatstone untuk pengukuran resistansi saluran

2.

Jembatan Maxwell : (untuk mengukur induktansi saluran) :

Gambar 1.2. Rangkaian jembatan Maxwell untuk pengukuran induktansi saluran

3.

Jembatan Wien-Robinshon : (untuk mengukur kapasitansi dan konduktansi saluran) :

Gambar 1.3. Rangkaian Jembatan Wien-Robinshon untuk pengukuran kapasitansi dan

konduktansi saluran

IV.

Alat dan Komponen

V.

Generator fungsi
Osiloskop dua kanal
Saluran koaksial
Universal bridge
Multimeter
Resistor 100
Potensiometer 1K
Potensiometer 470K
Kapasitor 10nF
Kabel BNC to banana
Soket jumper dan kabel sambungan

Langkah Praktikum
1. Pengukuran Resistansi Saluran :
a. Susun diagram rangkaian seperi gambar 1.1
b. Hubungkan bagian a-b dari jembatan wheatstone ke titik a-b pada saluran
koaksial yang ujungnya dihubungsingkatkan
c. Berikan input tegangan 4Vpp , f=1KHz pada jembatan wheatstone
d. Seimbangkan jembatan, yaitu dengan cara mengatur potensiometer 1K
sehingga diperoleh tegangan di titik Uy1 seminimum mungkin, catat tegangan
yang diperoleh pada kondisi ini
e. Baca resistansi potensiometer
f. Hitung nilai resistansi saluran (total), Rx dengan menggunakan persamaan
yang ada
g. Ulangi langkah1, tetapi unutk kondisi saluran koaksial II
h. Tentukan nilai resistansi konduktor luar dari saluran, yaitu resistansi total dan
dalam
i. Hitung resistansi per satuan panjang dari saluran dengan menggunakan
persamaan
2. Pengukuran Induktansi Saluran :
a. Susun diagram rangkaian seperti gambar 1.2
b. Berikan input 4Vpp, f=1KHz pada jembatan MaxWell
c. Seimbangkan jembatan, yaitu dengan cara mengatur potensiometer R2 dan r4
secara bergantian sehingga memperoleh tegangan seminimum mungkin di
Uy1 (R4=100)
d. Baca resistansi potensiometer R2 dan R4. Hitung Lx dan Q
e. Hitung induktansi saluran per satuan panjang dengan cara hasil Lx dibagi
dengan panjang saluran yang digunakan
3. Pengukuran kapasitansi, konduktansi, dan impedansi karakteristik saluran:
a. Susun diagram rangkaian gambar 1.3
b. Berikan input 4Vpp, f=1Khz, pada jembatan Wien Robinson
c. Seimbangkan jembatan, yaitu dengan cara mengatur potensiometer R2 dan R4
secara bergantian sehingga titik Uy1 bernilai seminimum mungkin
d. Baca resistansi R2 dan R4, hitung Cx dan Gx
e. Hitung kapasitansi dan konduktansi per satuan panjang saluran koaksial

f. Hitung impedansi karakteristik saluran koaksial dan konstanta propagasi

g. Hitung konstanta redaman dan konstanta fasa saluran

VI.

Hasil Percobaan

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VII.

Analisa

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VIII.

Kesimpulan

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