Rekayasa Geoteknik II (Print)

01/10/2012
DAYA DUKUNG FONDASI DALAM

TIANG PANCANG DAN TIANG BOR
Idrus Ir M.Sc IPM
STAFF PENGAJAR JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL ISTN

MEMBER OF HATTI
MEMBER OF ISSMGE
PERHITUNGAN
PONDASI
Daya Dukung Aksial Pile
Daya Dukung Lateral Pile
Analisis Group Pile
01/10/2012
01/10/2012
Load Transfer Friksi

Friksi
0.4% Diameter Pile
displacement
Load Transfer End Bearing

End
Bearing
6% Diameter Pile
displacement
01/10/2012
AXIAL LOAD TEST PILE #14
Load (Tons)
Friction
(Elastic Zone)
Settlement (mm)
01/10/2012
AXIAL LOAD TEST FOR PILE #22

L=45m, f=60 cm
Settlement (mm)
01/10/2012
Rumus umum daya dukung aksial fondasi dalam:

Qult = Qs + Qp
Qs
Qp
=
=
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang

Tahanan Ujung Tiang
DAYA DUKUNG AKSIAL
Qs =2r l ( C)
+ 2r l (k v tan)
l
v
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qall =
Qu
F.S.
Qp =Ap(c Nc +q Nq)
01/10/2012
SPT (Standard Penetration Test)

Cara uji SPT
Jenis Hammer
N-SPT = Jumlah pukulan untuk memasukkan split spoon sedalam 30 cm
C (t/m2) = 2/3 N
Relationship between Cohesion and N-Value (Cohesive soil)
2/3 N
01/10/2012
Relationship between Angle of Internal Friction and N-Value

(Sandy Soil)
Faktor Koreksi N SPT Lapangan seusai dengan

Metoda Pelaksanaan Test:
Estimated Rod
Energy (%)
Correction Factor fo r
60% Rod Energy
Free Fall
Rope an Pulley with
special throw release
78
67
78/60 = 1.30
67/60 = 1.12
Safety
Donut
Rope and Pulley

Rope and Pulley
60
45
60/60 = 1.00
45/60 = 0.75
Donut
Donut
Rope and Pulley

Free Fall
45
60
45/60 = 0.75
60/60 = 1.00
Donut
Rope and Pulley
50
50/60 = 0.83
Countr
y
Hammer
Type
Hammer Release
Japan
Donut
Donut
US
A
Argentina
China
Harga N free fall tidak perlu dikoreksi krn menjadi standard

Harga N rope and pulley harus dikalikan dengan 0.70
01/10/2012
CPT (Cone Penetration Test) atau Sondir
C= qc/(15 sampai 20) dalam kg/cm2
Tahanan Geser Selimut

Tanah Kohesif
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
Tanah Pasir
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
01/10/2012
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang :
1. Tahanan geser selimut tiang yang merupakan

kontribusi dari Cohesi Tanah adalah:
Qs = . Cu. Li. P
Dimana,
= Koefisien adhesi antara tanah dan tiang

Cu = Undrained Cohesion
Li
= Panjang lapisan tanah
p
= keliling tiang
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang :

2. Tahanan geser selimut tiang yang merupakan
kontribusi dari sudut geser dalam () adalah:
Qs = fi.Li.p
Dimana,
fi
= tahanan geser selimut tiang per satuan luas
fi
= Ko . o. Tan (2/3 . )
Li
= Panjang lapisan tanah
p
= keliling tiang
10
01/10/2012
Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk

Tiang Pancang :
1. API Metode - 2, 1986

Tiang Pancang :
2. Tomlinson, 1977 :
Tergantung pada
kondisi tanah.
11
01/10/2012

Tiang Bor :
1. Reese and Wright, 1977 :
Manurut Reese dan Wright koefisien untuk bored
pile adalah 0.55
2. Kulhawy, 1984
(kN /m
S h a ft s in u p lift
T o m l i n s o n , 1 9 5 7 ( c o n c r e t e p il e s )
D a ta g ro u p 1
D a ta g ro u p 2
D a ta g ro u p 3
S h a ft s in c o m p r e s s io n
Adhesion factor ( )
D a ta g ro u p 1
D a ta g ro u p 2
D a ta g ro u p 3
6 5 U 8 4 1 C lo a d te s ts
= 0 . 2 1 + 0 . 2 6 p a / su ( < 1 )
U n d r a in e d S h e a r in g R e s is t a n c e
u , s
( ts f)
Perbandingan Harga Faktor Adhesi () dari

Beberapa Metede pada Tanah Kohesif untuk
Tiang Bor :
1.20
ad hesion facto r
1.00
Kulhaw y
D esign =( K ulhaw y + R eese)/2
0.80
0.60
Re ese
C ore Tea m
0.40
0.20
0.00
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
S u (kN /m )
12
01/10/2012

Tiang Bor :
3. Reese and ONeil, 1988 :
Undrained Shear
Strength, Su
< 2 tsf
2 3 tsf
3 4 tsf
4 5 tsf
5 6 tsf
6 7 tsf
7 8 tsf
8 9 tsf
> 9 tsf
Value of
0.55
0.49
0.42
0.38
0.35
0.33
0.32
0.31
Treat as Rock
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang dari Tanah Berpasir

Menurut Naval Engineering Facilities Command:
1. Tiang Pancang :
Qs = 0.2 x (N SPT) x Li x p (ton)
2. Tiang Bor :
Qs = 0.1 x (N SPT) x Li x p (ton)
13
01/10/2012
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang Bor pada Tanah

Berpasir Rojiani, Duncan and Barker (1991)
(=27.5 t/m2)
= 0.11 N (t/m 2)
0.20 N
= 0.28 N (t/m2)
=0.32 N (t/m2)
N < 53
Z=depth below ground surface
Tahanan Ujung
Tanah C dan untuk dasar teori
Tanah Lempung
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
Tanah Pasir
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
14
01/10/2012
Tahanan Unjung Tiang

- dan Cu
Tahanan Ujung Tiang Pada Umunya dinyatakan sebagai
persamaan :
Qp = Ap (c Nc* + q Nq*)
Dimana,
Qp
= Tahanan Ujung Ultimate
Ap
= Luas Penampang Tiang
C
= Undrained kohesi
q
= Over Bourden Pressure
Nc, Nq= Faktor daya dukung.
Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung
- dan Cu
1000
800
600
400
200
100
80
60
and
1. Meyerhoff, 1976
40
20
10
8
6
4
10
20
30
40
45
Soil friction angle, (deg)
15
01/10/2012
Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung:
- dan Cu
2. Vesic, 1977
Nc = (Nq 1) cot
Dimana, Nq = f(Irr)
Nq* = 4/3 ln (Irr + 1) + /2 +1
Irr = Ir Nilai Ir ditunjukkan pada tabel dibawah:
Soil type
Ir
70 150
50 100
100 200
Sand
Silts and clays (drained condition)
Clays (undrained condition)
Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung:
- dan Cu
1 0 00
800
600
400
200
3. Janbu, 1976
100
80
60
and
40
20
10
8
6
4
10
20
30
40
45
S o il fr i ctio n a n g l e , (deg )
16
01/10/2012
Daya Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah Kohesif Cu
Tiang Pancang dan Tiang Bor:
Qp = 9 x Cu x Ap
Daya Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah Pasiran

Tiang Pancang :
Qp = 40 x N SPT x Ap
Dimana,
NSPT = (N1+N2)/2
N1= harga rata-rata N dari dasar ke 10-D keatas
N2= harga rata-rata N dari dasar ke 4-D kebawah
17
01/10/2012
NILAI N SPT UNTUK DESIGN TAHANAN UJUNG PADA TANAH PASIRAN :
Ground Surface
Tiang Pancang
Nilai N SPT Desain

adalah:
Ndesain = (N1 +N2)

(10 x D)
dirata-rata untuk
desain tahanan ujung = N1
(4 x D)
dirata-rata untuk
Daya Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah Pasiran Tiang Bor
=7 N (t/m2)
qp = 7 N (t/m2) < 400 (t/m2)
=400 (t/m2)
18
01/10/2012
Daya Dukung Ujung Tiang Bor Tanah Pasiran :
Qb = v.Nq.Ab
Kulhawy, 1983
DAYA DUKUNG AKSIAL
Qs =2r l ( C)
+ 2r l (k v tan)
l
v
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qall =
Qu
F.S.
Qp =Ap(c Nc +q Nq)
19
01/10/2012
Summary
Sand
Clay
Tiang Bor
Pancang
C
Untuk Pancang
API
Untuk Tiang Bor

Kulhawy, 84
Reese, 88
9C
Pancang
Tiang Bor
0.2 N
(Meyerhof)
40 N
< 1600 t/m2
0.2 N
(Rata2 antara
Meyerhof, 76 dan
Reese+Wright, 77)
7 N (t/m2)
< 400 (t/m2)
N=(N1+N2)/2
qp
(Meyerhof)
(Reese+Wrihgt, 77)
Pult = 2r l + r2 qp

Tiang Pancang :
1. API Metode - 2, 1986
20
01/10/2012

Tiang Bor :
1. Reese and Wright, 1977 :
Manurut Reese dan Wright koefisien untuk bored
pile adalah 0.55
2. Kulhawy, 1984
(kN /m
T o m l i n s o n , 1 9 5 7 ( c o n c r e t e p il e s )
S h a ft s in u p lift
D a ta g ro u p 1
D a ta g ro u p 2
D a ta g ro u p 3
Adhesion factor ( )
S h a ft s in c o m p r e s s io n
D a ta g ro u p 1
D a ta g ro u p 2
D a ta g ro u p 3
6 5 U 8 4 1 C lo a d te s ts
= 0 . 2 1 + 0 . 2 6 p a / su ( < 1 )
U n d r a in e d S h e a r in g R e s is t a n c e
u , s
( ts f)
Ground Surface
Tiang Pancang
(10 x D)
dirata-rata untuk
(4 x D)
dirata-rata untuk
Ndesain = (N1 +N2)
21
01/10/2012
SF Criterion Based on
Canadian Foundation
Engineering Manual
(1992)
SF Criterion Based on Tomlinson (1977)
22
01/10/2012
Lensa Pada Group Tiang:
(Tomlinson, 1977)
Ketebalan Lapisan Tanah Yang Harus Diperhitungkan Dalam

Perhitungan Daya Dukung :
a=4B
b=6-8 B
Minimal kedalaman
penyelidikan tanah adalah
sampai 4 diameter tiang
(atau 5 m) dibawah dasar
pondasi
3-4B
23
01/10/2012
R1
Cross section of Soil Investigation

Proposed Additional Soil
Investigation
R2
36.95
R3
38.20
R4
31.00
R4
R3
43.20
31.00
BH-202
R5
38.20
R5
38.20
R2
38.20
R1
36.95
BT-01
BT-1
6
10
10
6
8
9
12
90
R1
R2
36.95
R5
18
26
21
32
33
39
50
60
62
54
66
45
34
33
36
50
27
29
32
16
30
80
88
26
R5
R5
32.20
28.20
38.20
Proposed
Additional
Soil
Investigation
R5
38.20
R2
38.20
R1
36.97
BH-201 BT-02
BH-201
BT-2
5
3
10
37
50
33
24
22
22
17
18
18
19
18
20
19
21
25
38
41
23
22
24
32
27
21
24
34
27
29
18
19
20
21
22
47
44
78
88
Bored Pile Diameter 1,5m, panjang 45m
East Side
(STA 1+050)
45m
Qult = 1610 ton
24
01/10/2012
Soft
Dense
Dense
Hard
Very stiff
Very stiff
Hard
Very stiff
Axial Capacity of Single Bored Pile

Based on Data at Sta 1+050
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Depth
0.0
2.0
6.0
9.0
11.5
12.5
15.0
19.0
22.0
30.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
42.0
45.0
47.0
50.0
55.5
2.0
6.0
9.0
11.5
12.5
15.0
19.0
22.0
30.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
42.0
45.0
47.0
50.0
55.5
60.5
Tebal
Lapisan (m)
2.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
1.0
2.5
4.0
3.0
8.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
5.5
5.0
Deskripsi
Clayey Silts
Clayey Sand
Clayey Sand
Sandstone
Clayey Silts
Clayey Silts
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Silty sand
N-SPT c (t/m2)
Pile Cap
3
2.0
10
37
80
33
22.4
22
15.0
15
10.2
21
14.3
39
26.5
23
15.6
22
15.0
23
15.6
24
16.3
28
19.0
28
19.0
27
18.4
21
14.3
21
14.3
23
15.6
28
19.0
28
19.0
19
12.9
21
14.3
60
0.80
25
30
40
0.46
0.49
0.53
0.49
0.45
0.48
0.49
0.48
0.48
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.49
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.47
0.50
0.49
40
Unit Skin
Frinction
2
(t/m )
1.6
4.0
14.8
20.0
10.3
7.3
5.4
7.0
12.0
7.6
7.3
7.6
7.8
8.9
8.9
8.7
7.0
7.0
7.6
8.9
8.9
6.5
7.0
20.0
Skin Friction (ton)

Positive
Kumulatif
Friction (ton)
Cu As or 0.2N As
30.8
14.1
43.6
23.6
121.6
137.5
75.9
264.6
112.9
35.7
34.4
35.7
37.0
42.2
42.2
40.9
33.1
33.1
35.7
126.5
84.3
91.4
181.9
116.6
31
45
88
112
234
371
447
712
824
860
895
930
967
1009
1051
1092
1125
1158
1194
1321
1405
1496
1678
1795
End Bearing (ton)

Qult (Ton)
Qall (ton)
SF = 2.5
108.1
263.7
707.0
468.9
471.6
533.4
746.2
1014.4
1069.6
1108.9
1164.9
1218.6
1266.4
1283.3
1311.0
1319.4
1363.3
1407.2
1497.0
1574.8
1610.4
1723.5
3296.8
3413.4
43
105
283
188
189
213
298
406
428
444
466
487
507
513
524
528
545
563
599
630
644
689
1319
1365
Qb
(Ton)
77.3
218.8
618.5
356.9
237.9
162.2
299.2
302.8
245.1
248.7
270.4
288.4
299.2
274.0
259.6
227.1
237.9
248.7
302.8
254.2
205.5
227.1
1618.5
1618.5
25
01/10/2012
Medium stiff
Stiff
Dense
Hard
Very Hard
Hard
Very stiff
Dense
Axial Capacity of Single Bored Pile

Based on Data at Sta 0+490
Flyover Cirebon
No.
Depth
Tebal
Lapisan (m)
Deskripsi
N-SPT c (t/m2)
0.0
3.0
3.0
Clayey Silts
5.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3.0
6.0
9.0
11.6
12.9
17.0
24.0
30.2
31.0
32.0
33.0
6.0
9.0
11.6
12.9
17.0
24.0
30.2
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
3.0
3.0
2.6
1.3
4.1
7.0
6.2
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
Clayey Silts
Clayey Silts
Clayey Silts
Tuffaceous Sand
Silty Sand
Silty Clay
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
8
8
12
90
22
31
60
45
34
34
33
5.2
5.2
7.8
20.2
39.0
29.3
22.1
22.1
21.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
42.6
46.0
- 35.0
- 36.0
- 37.0
- 38.0
- 39.0
- 40.0
- 41.0
- 42.6
45.0
- 46.0
- 46.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.6
2.4
3.4
1.0
0.0
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
Tuffaceous Silt
33
34
36
38
27
29
29
30
23
23
21.5
22.1
23.4
24.7
17.6
18.9
18.9
19.5
15.0
15.0
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.49
35
30
0.43
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
Skin Friction (ton)

Positive
Kumulatif
Friction (ton)
Cu As or 0.2N As
40.1
40
40.1
40.1
47.0
30.6
42.5
284.2
460.9
48.6
44.1
44.1
43.0
80
120
167
198
240
525
985
1034
1078
1122
1165
43.0
44.1
46.5
48.9
35.9
38.2
38.2
63.1
105.8
0.0
1208
1252
1299
1348
1384
1422
1460
1523
1629
1629
End Bearing (ton)

Qb
(Ton)
82.7
82.7
103.4
737.8
450.8
320.5
620.3
408.3
389.4
351.5
351.5
341.1
341.1
351.5
372.2
392.8
279.1
299.8
299.8
237.8
237.8
620.3
Qult (Ton)
122.8
162.8
223.6
905.0
648.7
560.8
1144.8
1393.8
1423.4
1429.7
1473.8
1506.4
1549.4
1603.9
1671.1
1740.7
1662.8
1721.7
1759.9
1761.0
1866.8
2249.3
26
01/10/2012
Prediksi Daya Dukung Tiang Pancang

Tambak Lorok
29 25
15 0.5 7.5 112.5 108
27
12 0.5 6.0 30
20
175
242
144 210
300
314
430
rope and pulley (bukan free falling)
Bored Pile Kiara Condong
Based on Bored P-0

1.20
Meyerhof
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Depth
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
Tebal
Lapisan
(m)
Deskripsi
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Silty Gravel
Silty Gravel
Silty sandy clay
Silty sandy clay
Silty sandy clay
Silty sandy clay
Silty sandy clay
Medium - Stiff clay
Medium - Stiff clay
Tuffaceous
Tuffaceous
Tuffaceous
Tuffaceous
Tuffaceous
Tuffaceous
Tuffaceous
Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel
Tuffaceous silt very stiff
Gravel with sand noncemented
Gravel with sand noncemented
Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff
N-SPT c (t/m2)
0
0
5
5
7
11
11
6
20
20
31
60
60
37
48
51
51
57
62
62
54
54
60
60
51
51
39
39
47
47
60
60
30
35
35
42
0.0
0.0
3.0
3.0
4.2
6.6
6.6
3.6
12.0
12.0
18.6
36.0
36.0
22.2
28.8
30.6
30.6
34.2
37.2
37.2
32.4
32.4
36.0
36.0
30.6
30.6
23.4
23.4
28.2
28.2
1.00
1.00
0.80
0.80
0.62
0.26
0.26
0.71
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
18.0
21.0
21.0
25.2
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
12
12
Ks
Skin Friction
Cu As or
0.2N As
0.0
0.0
9.0
9.0
9.8
6.5
6.5
9.6
18.1
18.1
28.0
54.3
54.3
33.5
43.4
46.1
46.1
51.6
56.1
56.1
48.9
48.9
54.3
54.3
46.1
46.1
35.3
35.3
42.5
42.5
45.2
45.2
27.1
31.7
31.7
38.0
Kumulatif
Friction (ton)
End Bearing
Qult (Ton)
C N atau qNq Ap
0
0
0
0
9
31
18
31
28
43
34
67
41
67
50
37
69
122
87
122
115
189
169
366
223
366
257
226
300
293
346
311
392
311
444
348
500
379
556
379
605
330
654
330
708
366
763
366
809
311
855
311
890
238
925
238
968
287
1010
287
1056
452
1101
452
1128
183
1160
214
1191
214
1229
257
Maximum end bearing 400 ton/m2
0.0
0
0
40
49
71
102
108
87
191
209
304
535
590
483
593
658
704
792
879
935
935
984
1075
1129
1120
1166
1128
1164
1255
1297
1508
1553
1311
1373
1405
1486
27
01/10/2012
Pelaksanaan Bored Pile
Pelaksanaan Bored Pile
28
01/10/2012
Pelaksanaan
Bored Pile
Slurry Method
29
01/10/2012
Casing Method
30
01/10/2012
Method
Bored Piling
Statement
Method
of Bored
of Works
Pile
Casing Installation
Reinforcement
Installation
Drilling Process
Cleaning at Final Depth
Pouring Concrete
Temporary Casing
Removal
Drilling tools
Auger
Drill Bucket
Cleaning bucket
Underreamer
Tapered rock auger
Round shank Core Barrel
Roller bit core barrel
31
01/10/2012
Sambungan Tiang Pancang
Sambungan Tiang Pancang
32
01/10/2012
Final Set = ? In/10 blows
Spesifikasi
end bearing = 1 in/ 10 blows
Analisis Daya Dukung

Berdasarkan Persamaan
Gelombang
A
Cm
= cross-sectional area of pile

= relative displacement between two
adjacent pile elements
D?m
= element displacement two time
intervals back m
D?m
= element displacement in preceding
time interval DT m
Dm
= current element displacement
DT
= time interval (At on Error!
Reference source not found.c)
E
= modulus of elasticity of pile material
Fm
= element force = C m K m
Fam
= unbalanced force in element
causing acceleration (F = ma)
g
= gravitation constant
J
= damping constant, use Js for side
value, Jp = point value
Km
= element springs = AE/L for pile
segments
K?m
= soil springs = R/quake
L
= length of pile element
Rm
= side or point resistance including
damping effects
R?m
= amount of estimated Pu on each
element including the point j for 100
m percent of Pu on point R 3 through
R 11 of Error! Reference source
not found.b are zero and R 12 = Pu
t
= current instant in time = number of
iterations x DT
v
= velocity of element m at DT
v?m
= velocity of element m at DT - 1
Wm
= weight of pile segment m
33
01/10/2012
Formula Dinamik ENR

Qu =
WR h
S +C
Qu =
E.H E
S +C
atau
dimana:
Qu
: Kapasitas daya dukung ultimate
WR
: Berat ram (kN)
h
: Tinggi jatuh ram (cm)
S
: Penetrasi tiang untuk setiap pukulan(m/blow)
C
: konstanta, untuk drop hammer = 2.54 cm, untuk steam hamm
er = 0.254 cm
Angka keamanan yang direkomendasikan adalah 6.
Modified New ENR
(recommended)
2
E.W R .h W R + n W p
Qu =
S
+
C
W R + W P
dimana:
E
C
Wp
: Efisiensi hammer
: 0.254 cm untuk unit S dan h dalam centimeter
: Berat tiang
: koefisien restitusi antara ram dan pile cap
34
01/10/2012
Harga Efisiensi Hammer (E)

dan Koef. Restitusi (n)
Tipe Hammer
Single and Double acting hammer
Diesel Hammer
Drop Hammer
Efficiency, E
0.7 0.8
0.8 0.9
0.7 0.9
Pile Material
Cast iron hammer and concrette pile (whitout cap)
Wood cushion on steel pile
Wooden pile
Coefficient of restitution, n
0.4 0.5
0.3 0.4
0.25 0.3
Michigan State Highway Commission

2.5 H E
Qu =
S +C
2
W R + n W p
W R + W P
dimana:
HE
: Rated hammer energy (from the factory)
C
: 0.254 cm
35
01/10/2012
Dannishs Formula
E.H E
Qu =
S + E.H E .L
2. Ap .E p
dimana:
Ep
L
Ap
Angka
: Modulus Young dari material tiang

: Panjang tiang
: Luas penampang tiang
keamanan yang direkomendasikan bervariasi dari 3 hingga 6.
Analisis Daya Dukung Berdasarkan Persamaan Gelombang

A
Cm
= cross-sectional area of pile

= relative displacement between two
adjacent pile elements
D?m
= element displacement two time
intervals back m
= element displacement in preceding
D?m
time interval DT m
Dm
= current element displacement
DT
= time interval (At on Error!
Reference source not found.c)
E
= modulus of elasticity of pile material
Fm
= element force = Cm Km
Fam
= unbalanced force in element
causing acceleration (F = ma)
g
= gravitation constant
J
= damping constant, use Js for side
value, Jp = point value
Km
= element springs = AE/L for pile
segments
K?m
= soil springs = R/quake
L
= length of pile element
Rm
= side or point resistance including
damping effects
R?m
= amount of estimated Pu on each
element including the point j for 100
m percent of Pu on point R3 through
R11 of Error! Reference source
not found.b are zero and R12 = Pu
t
= current instant in time = number of
iterations x DT
v
= velocity of element m at DT
v?m
= velocity of element m at DT - 1
Wm
= weight of pile segment m
36
01/10/2012
Contoh Perhitungan
Diameter PC Spun Pile
Berat Tiang Per m
Berat hammer pemancang
Tinggi Jatuh
Daya Dukung Ultimate yang diinginkan
Daya Dukung Ijin yang diinginkan
: 400 mm
: 200 kg
: 3,45 (K 35)
: 1,60 m
: 210 ton.
: 50 ton.
Perhitungan Final set :

SF = 6
ultimated bearing Capacity = 300 ton.
Contoh Perhitungan
1. Menggunakan Modified ENR Formula
2
E.WR WR + n W p
Qu =
S + C WR + W p
0,8 x3,42 3,42 + 0.523,6
S + 0.254
3,42 + 3,6
11,82
300 =
( s + 0.254) x(7,02)
11,82
300 =
7,02S + 1.783
2106s + 534,9 = 11,82
2106s = (523,08)
s = 0,248 cm
300 =
Final Set adalah 0,248 cm/blow
2,48 cm/10 blows.
37
01/10/2012
Contoh Perhitungan
2. Menggunakan formula dari Michigan state Highway Commision (1965)
2
2.5 H E WR + n W p
Qu =
S +C
WR + W p
2.5 5,5 3,42 + 0,5 2 3,6
S + 0.254
3,42 + 3,6
13.75
300 =
0.6154
s + 0.254
8,461
300 =
s + 0.254
300s + 76,2 = 8,461
300s = ( 67,74)
300 =
s = 0,2258 cm
2,25 cm/10 blows.
Contoh Perhitungan
3. Menggunakan formula Danish
E HE
Qu =
S+
E.H E .L
2 A p .E p
300 =
0.5 5,5
0,5 5,5 18
S+
2 0,0765 2,1.107
2,75
4,95
S+
3213000
2,75
300 =
S + 0.0392
300s + 11,775 = 2,75
300s = 9,025
s = 0,03 cm / blow
300 =
0,3 cm/10 blows.
38
01/10/2012
UJI BEBAN STATIS

DAN
INTERPRETASINYA
Uji Beban Statis dan Interpretasinya (1)

Uji Beban Tiang (tekan)
Uji Beban :
Uji beban pendahuluan (preliminaries test)
dengan instrumentasi sampai kegagalan
Uji beban pembuktian (proof test)
Sampai 200% beban rencana, 100% atau kurang
Uji Beban :
Slow
Slow maintained test (cyclic)
Quick : Quick maintained load
Constant rate of penetration (CRP)
Prinsip Interpretasi :
Batas penurunan
Rate of settlement (kecepatan penurunan)
Kegagalan didefinisikan dari bentuk kurva load & deformation
39
01/10/2012
Uji Beban Statis dan Interpretasinya (2)
Interpretasi uji beban :

Cara Davisson
Cara Mazurkiewics
Cara Chin
Kurva load vs settlement uji beban siklik

0
SETTLEMENT (MM)
5
10
15
20
25
Cycle 1
Cylce 4
Cycle 2
Cycle 5
Cylce 3
Cycle 6
30
35
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
APPLIED LOAD (TONS)
40
01/10/2012
Cara Davisson
0
SETTLEMENT (MM)
Qult = 1415 ton
X
10
15
Metode Davisson
QL
e =
EA
D
x = 0,15 +
inch
120
dimana
= penurunan elastis
e
Q = beban uji yang diberikan
L = panjang tiang
A = luas penampang tiang
E = modulus elastisitas tiang
20
25
30
35
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
APPLIED LOAD (TONS)
Cara Mazurkiewics
41
01/10/2012
Cara Chin
SETTLEMENT/LOAD (mm/ton)
0.025
0.02
1/Qult = 0,0006
Qult = 1666,67 ton
Faktor reduksi = 20 %
Qult koreksi = 1333 ton
y = 0.0006x + 0.0036
0.015
Metode Chin
0.01
= C1 + C2
1
C1
Qu koreksi = 0,8 Qu
Qu =
0.005
C2
0
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
SETTLEMENT (mm)
Cara Davisson untuk cylce ke-6

0
Qult = 1505 ton
Settlement (mm)
10
15
20
25
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Loads (ton)
42
01/10/2012
Cara Chin untuk cycle ke-6

0.018
1/Qult = 0,0005
Qult = 2000 ton
Faktor reduksi = 20 %
Qult koreksi = 1600 ton
Settlement/Load (mm/ton)
0.016
0.014
y = 0.0005x + 0.0036
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0
10
15
20
25
Settlement (mm)
NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION :

Terjadi kondisi dimana Pondasi direncanakan akan dipancang sampai
lapisan tanah keras sementara tanah di atasnya adalah lapisan kompresibel,
yang di atasnya terdapat timbunan. Tanah kompresibel ini akan mengalami
konsolidasi akibat adanya pertambahan beban timbunan. Selama proses
konsolidasi ini tanah akan bergerak relatif terhadap tiang. Sehingga,
menghasilkan tahanan geser ke bawah di sekeliling tiang
43
01/10/2012
NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION :

Daerah Negative Skin Friction
Fill material
Soft soil,
Consolidating soil
Bearing soil
44
01/10/2012
METODA PERHITUNGAN NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION :

Negative Skin Friction pada Kondisi Un-Drained :
Pfriction =
x = Lf + Lc + Lb
x = Lf + Lc
area se lim ut
= pile diameter ( Cu + 0,5 Ks v tan z )

tanah lempung
dimana,
Cu
Ks
tanah pasir
= faktor adhesi
= undrained shear strength dari nilai N SPT
= Koeffisien lateral earth pressure.
= interface sudut geser dalam antar tiang dan tanah.
= effective overbourden pressure.
Prakash dan Sharma, 1990
45
01/10/2012

Negative Skin Friction pada Kondisi Drained :
z = Lf + Le
(Qf ) negatif =
R z
z =0
z = Lf + Le
N0 R z
z =0
dimana,
o = Effective vertical stress at depth z
f
= pile diameter
Le = panjang effective dari lapisan yang terkonsolidasi yang menimbulkan
negative skin friction. Lc = 0.75 Le
No = Non dimensional factor.

Non dimensional factor (No):
Soil Type
a. Uncoated Pile
- Sand
- Silt
- Clay
b. Coated Pile with Bitumen
No
0.35 0.50
0.25 0.35
0.20 0.25
SL pile : = 0.2 ton/m2
Alternative Pelapisan Bitument :

- Untuk mengurangi pengaruh terjadinya konsolidasi tanah lunak akibat timbunan
di atasnya bisa diupayakan dengan melakukan pelapisan bitument asphalt pada
tiang pancang sebelum dilakukan pemancangan.
- Pelapisan bitument dilakukan sepanjang lapisan lunak yang mengalami konsolidasi.
- Dengan pelapisan bitument tersebut, negative skin friction yang terjadi bisa diminimasi.
46
01/10/2012
KAPASITAS IJIN TIANG YANG MENGALAMI NEGATIVE

SKIN FRICTION (NSF):
ijin =
ultimate NSF
SF
atau
ijin =
ultimate
SF
NSF
SF berkisar antara 2,0 3,0
47
01/10/2012
Pile Group Efficiency

Salah satu perilaku tiang group adalah ada group efficincy yang
Berhubunan dengan parak tiang tunggal dalam group tiang:
(Nav Doc, September 1986)
48
01/10/2012
Pile Group Efficiency
CONVERSE LABARRE FORMULA

(n-1)m + (m-1)n
= 1 - { ------------------------- } / 90
mn
= Factor Effisiensi Group

= arc tan d/s (in degree)
m = jumlah baris
n = jumlah pile pada satu baris
d = diameter tiang
s = jarak antara tiang ke tiang
m = 2 , n = 3 , d= 30 cm s=120 cm
= arc tan 30/120
Transfer beban pada Group Tiang:
(Tomlinso, 1977)
49
01/10/2012
Settlement
Analysis
Consolidation Settlement
50
01/10/2012
PEMODELAN KONSOLIDASI PRIMER
Akibat pertambahan beban

Keluarnya air dari pori
kenaikan tekanan air pori
tekanan air pori kembali lagi (tanah settle)

kecepatan air
ditentukan permeabilitas
S
U0 +
pegas
(tanah)
U0
air
Seluruh
dipikul air
Seluruh
dipikul Tanah
Kurva Test Konsolidasi
51
01/10/2012
Persamaan untuk Menghitung Penurunan Konsolidasi

(Normally Consolidated Clay)
Cc
Hc
p + pav
log o
1 + eo
po
Dimana,
p0
tekanan efektif akibat berat sendiri
pav
tambahan tekanan efektif akibat

beban diatas lapisan kompresible
e0
initial void ratio
Cc
compression index
Hc
tebal lapisan lempung
Calculation of Settlement (STA 0+490)

No.
Depth
Tebal
Lapisan (m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
11.6
12.9
17.0
24.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
11.6
12.9
17.0
24.0
26.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.6
1.3
4.1
7.0
2.5
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
26.5
30.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
44.0
30.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
'
3
(t/m )
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
'b o 'm
2
2
(t/m )
(t/m )
31.5x0.7=22.05
2.1
1.1
34.5x0.7=24.15
4.2
3.2
37.5x0.7=26.25
6.3
5.3
40.5x0.7=28.35
8.4
7.4
9.8
9.1
43.0x0.7=30.10
11.2
10.5
45.0x0.7=31.50
2
(t/m )
1 =
o+
s
4.04
3.03
2.36
1.89
1.65
1.46
5.1
26.09
6.2
27.18
7.6
28.61
9.2
30.24
10.8
31.75
12.0
32.96
Cc
eo
(t/m )
s
(m)
0.05
0.6
0.05
0.6
0.05
0.6
0.05
0.6
0.07
0.55
0.07
0.55
Settlement (m)
AB Value Correction
Settlement (m)
0.06
0.007
0.03
0.005
0.02
0.004
0.01
0.003
0.01
0.002
0.01
0.002
0.13
0.023
0.7
0.09
52
01/10/2012
Contoh-Contoh Pemilihan
Jenis Pondasi
Location of Soil Investigation
S-6
S-5
S-4
S-2
S-3
S-1
53
01/10/2012
Soil Profile
BH 1.0 (EL+0.473)
BH 1.0 (EL+0.473)
BH 1.1 (EL+0.582)
BH 1.1 (EL+0.582)
BH 1.2 (EL+1.895)
BH 1.2 (EL+1.895)
BH 1.3 (EL+0.942)
BH 1.4 (EL+0.415)
Without
preauger
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
SPUN PILE PENETRATION
WITHOUT PRE-AUGER
With preauger
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
WITH PRE-AUGER
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM STEEL

PIPE PILE PENETRATION
( = 600 mm, thickness = 140 mm)
Maximum
penetration
for
precast
concrete pile
Figure 8 - Estimated
Maximum Length
of Pile
Penetration (Tank-1)
54
01/10/2012
BH 1.0 (EL+0.473)
BH 2.0 (EL+0.657)
BH 1.1 (EL+0.582)
BH 2.1 (EL+0.406)
BH 1.2 (EL+1.895)
BH 2.2 (EL+1.807)
BH 1.3 (EL+0.942)
BH 1.4 (EL+0.415)
BH 2.3 (EL+1.987)
BH 2.4 (EL+1.060)
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
WITHOUT PRE-AUGER
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
WITHOUT PRE-AUGER
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
WITH PRE-AUGER
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
ESTIMATED
MAXIMUM STEEL
WITH
PRE-AUGER
( = 600 mm,
thickness = 140 mm)
Maximum penetration for steel pipe pile

Recommended
thickness 16 mm
Figure 8 - Estimated Maximum Length of Pile Penetration (Tank-1)
Bored pile
BH 1.0 (EL+0.473)
BH 2.0 (EL+0.657)
BH 1.1 (EL+0.582)
BH 2.1 (EL+0.406)
BH 1.2 (EL+1.895)
BH 2.2 (EL+1.807)
BH 1.3 (EL+0.942)
BH 1.4 (EL+0.415)
BH 2.3 (EL+1.987)
BH 2.4 (EL+1.060)
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
WITHOUT PRE-AUGER
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
WITHOUT PRE-AUGER
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
WITH PRE-AUGER
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM
ESTIMATED
MAXIMUM STEEL
WITH
PRE-AUGER
( = 600 mm,
thickness = 140 mm)
Recommended
foundation for large tension load
55
01/10/2012
PEMANCANGAN
Pemancangan menggunakan Pontoon
Hammer dng minimum energy 6 ton.m
-12 lws
-16 lws
URUTAN PEMANCANGAN DAN ANCHORING

1
Pemancangan
sampai batas
maksimal yang dapat
ditembus (5.0 m)
menggunakan
minimal K-60
Pembersihan tanah /
kotoran didalam pipa
Pemasangan Ground
anchor
Pemboran tanah
dalam pipa untuk
anchor
Grouting & Curing

Penegangan kabel
untuk kelurusan
Pengecoran isi
dalam tiang dengan
menggunakan tremi,
bucket cor diangkat
menggunakan crane
Pengecoran plat
form dan curing
Stresing kabel
Pengecoran kepala
anchor.
56
01/10/2012
DAMPAK PENGGALIAN TERHADAP

KESTABILAN TANAH
5.00 m
5.00 m
7.00 m
6.30 m
5.00 m
HASIL-HASIL PENYELIDIKAN TANAH (BH-355)

z =
m
qu =
kg/cm2
c =
TO JAKARTA
2
BH-355 kg/cm
B.05
=
G.W.L
qc =
z =
m
qu =
c =
kg/cm2
=
qc =
3.00 3.60
1.71
0.082
80
BH-355
2
5 kg/cm
B.04
3.50 4.00
1.1 kg/cm2
0.482
230
25 kg/cm2
TO BANDUNG
BH-355
B.01
BH-355
B.02
BH-355
B.03
G.W.L
G.W.L
KETERANGAN :
: Collovial deposit
gravels & boulders andesite
mixed with fines material
1
0
5
3
10 M
: Siltstone / claystone
57
01/10/2012
TIPIKAL BENTUK PIER
Tampak Atas
Tampak Samping
Tampak Depan
Transfer beban pada Group Tiang:
(Tomlinso, 1977)
58
01/10/2012
Berikut ini adalah jarak Pile agar effiency group

menjadi optimal :
(Tomlinson, 1977)
Berikut ini adalah jarak Pile agar effiency group

menjadi optimal :
(Tomlinson, 1977)
59
01/10/2012
P existing tunggal pada Pile Group

Y
X
1
Mx
X
4
6
My
P existing tunggal pada Pile Group

P Group
My . X
Mx . Y
P singgle = --------------- + --------------------- + ----------------N
X2
Y2
P Singgle = Gaya Aksial yang bekerja pada tiang tunggal di koord ( x , y )

P Group = Gaya Aksil yang bekerja pada Pile Group
N
= Jumlah Tiang pada Pile Group
My
= Momen yang bekerja pada Pile Group arah sumbu y
Mx
= Momen yang bekerja pada Pile Group arah sumbu x
X&Y
= Koordinat P singgle yang akan dicari Gayanya
X & Y 2 = Jumlah dari jarak koordinat kwadrat sumbu x dan sumbu y
60
01/10/2012
Pile No
Sum P/n
ton
Xi
Yi
cm
cm
My X/xi2
Mx Y/yi2
Force Ext.
ton
23.6988
-400
400
-13.2124
0.3900
10.8763
23.6988
400
0.0000
0.3900
24.0888
23.6988
400
400
13.2124
0.3900
37.3012
23.6988
-400
-13.2124
0.0000
10.4864
23.6988
0.0000
0.0000
23.6988
23.6988
400
13.2124
0.0000
36.9112
23.6988
-400
-400
-13.2124
-0.3900
10.0964
23.6988
-400
0.0000
-0.3900
23.3088
23.6988
400
-400
13.2124
-0.3900
36.5213
61
DRIVEN PILE CAPACITY (ONSHORE AREA)

USING SPT - DATA
BORED HOLE NUMBER
DB-1
USING PRECAST CONCRETE PILE
3
Unit Weight
2,4 t/m
Depth
meter
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
10,00
11,00
12,00
13,00
14,00
15,00
16,00
17,00
18,00
19,00
20,00
21,00
22,00
23,00
24,00
25,00
26,00
27,00
28,00
29,00
30,00
N-SPT
7
8
10
12
12
12
11
11
12
12
14
12
11
12
22
22
20
20
22
30
30
30
30
38
38
38
51
52
52
L of Pile
N average
7,00
7,50
8,33
9,25
9,80
10,17
10,29
10,38
10,56
10,70
11,00
11,08
11,08
11,14
12,21
13,21
13,93
14,50
15,21
16,50
17,86
19,21
20,50
22,36
24,07
25,93
28,79
31,64
33,79
PROJECT PLAZA GALARA MALL PALU

LOCATION PALU , SELAWESI TENGAH
Nb
Pile
Dimension
meter
P ult
tonf
P all Comp. P all Tension

tonf , SF
tonf , SF
3,0
6,0
8,33
9,25
10,50
11,50
11,75
11,50
11,50
11,50
12,25
12,50
12,25
12,25
11,67
11,50
17,00
22,00
21,00
20,00
21,00
26,00
30,00
30,00
30,00
34,00
38,00
38,00
44,50
51,50
52,00
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,4
21
162,12
56,15
24,27
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,5
21
209,80
73,23
30,66
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,6
21
260,33
91,52
37,19
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,8
21
369,97
131,76
50,64
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,4
25
254,54
87,36
38,70
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,5
25
327,51
113,10
48,76
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,6
25
404,23
140,39
58,99
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,8
25
568,86
199,67
79,91
Qu = 7 Nb. Ap + 0,32 N As (Tonf) Nb < 60
Qu = 400. Ap+{0,024 (N -53) +17,2} As (Tonf) Nb > 60
DRIVEN PILE CAPACITY (ONSHORE AREA)

USING SPT - DATA
BORED HOLE NUMBER
DB-1
USING PRECAST CONCRETE PILE
3
Unit Weight
2,4 t/m
Depth
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
10,00
11,00
12,00
13,00
14,00
15,00
16,00
17,00
18,00
19,00
20,00
21,00
22,00
23,00
24,00
25,00
26,00
27,00
28,00
29,00
30,00
N-SPT
7
8
10
12
12
12
11
11
12
12
14
12
11
12
22
22
20
20
22
30
30
30
30
38
38
38
51
52
52
L of Pile
N average
7,00
7,50
8,33
9,25
9,80
10,17
10,29
10,38
10,56
10,70
11,00
11,08
11,08
11,14
12,21
13,21
13,93
14,50
15,21
16,50
17,86
19,21
20,50
22,36
24,07
25,93
28,79
31,64
33,79
PROJECT PLAZA GALARA MALL PALU

LOCATION PALU , SELAWESI TENGAH
Nb
Pile
Dimension
meter
P ult
tonf
P all Comp. P all Tension

tonf , SF
tonf , SF
3,0
6,0
8,33
9,25
10,50
11,50
11,75
11,50
11,50
11,50
12,25
12,50
12,25
12,25
11,67
11,50
17,00
22,00
21,00
20,00
21,00
26,00
30,00
30,00
30,00
34,00
38,00
38,00
44,50
51,50
52,00
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,4
28
363,07
123,84
55,40
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,5
28
466,07
159,75
69,69
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,6
28
573,95
197,65
84,15
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
0,8
28
804,39
279,38
113,61
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
Dia of Pile m
L of Pile m
Qu = 7 Nb. Ap + 0,32 N As (Tonf) Nb < 60
Qu = 400. Ap+{0,024 (N -53) +17,2} As (Tonf) Nb > 60
GROUP PILE CAPACITY
USING DIA
Pile to Pile Distance
NUMBER OF PILE
IN GROUP
2
3
4
5
6
80 Cm
200 Cm
D
80
80
80
80
80
S
200
200
200
200
200
E
21,8124675
21,8124675
21,8124675
21,8124675
21,8124675
m
1
1
2
3
2
n
2
3
2
3
3
Eff
0,8788196
0,8384262
0,7576393
0,6768523
0,7172458
BUILDING = PLAZA GALARA MALL PALU

Using Borep Pile Dia 80 Cm L=28 meter
P all 1
275
Cor of Load
Dia
Lenght
PILE in
Group
1
2
3
4
5
6
1,4
Ass
Building
1-G
1-E
1-D
2-G
2-E
2-D
3-G
3-E
3-D
4-G
4-E
4-D
4-C
4-B
4-A
5-G
5-E
5-D
5-C
5-B
5-A
5'-G1
6'-G1
6'-E1
7'-G1
7'-E1
7'-D1
7'-C1
8'-G1
8'-E1
8'-D1
8'-C1
8'-B1
9'-G1
9'-E1
190
0,8 m
28 m
LOAD
N of pile
Total
275
P-1
1
P-2
2
P-3
3
P-4
4
P-5
5
P-6
6
LOAD
Total
733
916
536
789
867
692
687
858
694
675
801
731
323
317
350
490
682
761
476
423
502
436
384
627
354
510
636
444
278
336
388
471
62
210
229
Using Borep Pile Dia 60 Cm L=28 meter
P all Group
Total
275,00
483,35
691,70
833,40
930,67
1183,46
Remark
P all Group
ton
691,70
691,70
483,35
691,70
691,70
691,70
691,70
691,70
691,70
691,70
691,70
691,70
275,00
275,00
275,00
483,35
691,70
691,70
483,35
483,35
483,35
483,35
275,00
483,35
275,00
483,35
483,35
483,35
275,00
275,00
483,35
483,35
275,00
275,00
275,00
1026,9056
LOAD
N of Pile
LL,DL =1
Total Dia 80
524
654
383
564
619
494
491
613
496
482
572
522
231
226
250
350
487
544
340
302
359
311
274
448
253
364
454
317
199
240
277
336
44
150
164
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
73
LOAD
Total
P-1
P-2
P-3
P-4
P-5
P-6
N' of pile
Total Dia 60
4
6
3
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
3
4
4
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
104
Dia
Lenght
N' of pile
1
2
3
4
5
6
P all Group
ton
575,81
817,66
477,90
575,81
643,01
575,81
575,81
643,01
575,81
575,81
575,81
575,81
333,95
333,95
333,95
477,90
575,81
575,81
477,90
333,95
477,90
333,95
333,95
477,90
333,95
333,95
477,90
333,95
333,95
333,95
333,95
477,90
190,00
190,00
190,00
822,9312
0,6 m
28 m
P all Group Remark
Total
190,00
333,95
477,90
575,81
643,01
817,66
Used
Dia 80
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Used
Dia 60
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
47
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
35
938,1064
LATERAL CAPACITY OF PILE

FOR NON COHESSIVE SOIL
Nh ( kN/m3)
Soil Type
Dry or moist sand
Loose : 1800 - 2200

Medium : 5500-7000
Dense : 15000-18000
Loose : 1000 - 1400
Medium : 3500 - 4500
Dense : 9000 - 12000
Submerged sand
DIAMETER OF PILE
LENG OF PILE (L)
Nh
0,4 M
28 M
14000 kN/m3
Allowable lateral displacement at the top of the pile is

8 mm at z = 0,00 m
Ax
2,435
Ix
0,001256 m4
(1/64)(3,14 D^4)
Ep
20000000 kN/m2
2000/cm^2
T
(Ep x Ix / nh)0,2
T
1,1240311 Meter
L/T
X (z) =
Qg =
Qg
DIAMETER OF PILE
LENG OF PILE (L)
24,91034
Remark
>5
Ax x (Qg . T3 / Ep . Ip)
( X (z). Ep . Ip / Ax . T3)
58,11332 kN
0,6 M
28 M
Nh
14000 kN/m3
Ax
8 mm at z = 0,00 m
2,435
Allowable displacement at the top of the pile is

Ix
Ep
T
T
L/T
X (z) =
Qg =
< 5 Short Pile

> 5 Long Pile
0,0063585 m4
20000000 kN/m2
(Ep x Ix / nh)0,2
1,5547169 Meter
18,00971
>5
( X (z). Ep . Ip / Ax . T3)
2000/cm^2
Remark
< 5 Short Pile

> 5 Long Pile
``
Qg
DIAMETER OF PILE
LENG OF PILE (L)
111,1787 kN
0,8 M
28 M
Nh
14000 kN/m3
Ax
8 mm at z = 0,00 m
2,435
Allowable displacement at the top of the pile is

Ix
Ep
T
T
L/T
X (z) =
Qg =
Qg
0,020096 m4
20000000 kN/m2
(Ep x Ix / nh)0,2
1,9570518 Meter
14,30724
2000/cm^2
Remark
>5
< 5 Short Pile

> 5 Long Pile
( X (z). Ep . Ip / Ax . T3)
176,1666 kN
MAXIMUM LATERAL BASE REACTION AT TOP FOUNDATION

NUMBER PILE
in Group Found &
Code Coordinate
No 53
No 17
No 6
No 11
3 Dia 80 cm
2 Dia 80 cm
3 Dia 60 cm
2 Dia 60 cm
Max
Lateral
Lateral
Group
Base Reac Capacity
30046
16565
19089
21946
52850,0
35233,3
33353,6
22235,7
Remark
OK
OK
OK
OK
Max
Lateral
Lateral
less than Group
Base Reac
Capacity
==>SAVE
LATERAL CAPACITY OF PILE

FOR COHESSIVE SOIL
DIAMETER OF PILE
LENG OF PILE (L)
0,8 M
28 M
Young's modullus of soil E (kN/m2)

Pile diameter (D) in meter
Ip
Ep
Poisson ratio ( )
k after Vesic (1963)
k = 0,65 x{Es D4/EpIp}^0,0833x[Es/(1- 2)]
R
(Ep x Ip / k)^0,25
L/R
10,0094
>5
24000
0,8
0,020096
20000000
0,3
Qg
2,797374 Meter
A'x . (Qg . R3 / Ep . Ip)
( X (z). Ep . Ip / A'x . R3)
79,3974 kN
2000/cm^2
6563,5322
2,7973738
Remark
< 5 Short Pile
> 5 Long Pile
Allowable lateral displacement at the top of the pile is

A'x
R
X (z) =
Qg =
kN/m2
meter
m4
kN/m2
8
1,85
mm at z = 0,00 m

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01/10/2012

DAYA DUKUNG FONDASI DALAM

STAFF PENGAJAR JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL ISTN

Daya Dukung Aksial Pile

Daya Dukung Lateral Pile

Analisis Group Pile

Load Transfer Friksi

0.4% Diameter Pile

Load Transfer End Bearing

AXIAL LOAD TEST PILE #14

AXIAL LOAD TEST FOR PILE #22

Rumus umum daya dukung aksial fondasi dalam:

Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang

DAYA DUKUNG AKSIAL

SPT (Standard Penetration Test)

N-SPT = Jumlah pukulan untuk memasukkan split spoon sedalam 30 cm

Relationship between Cohesion and N-Value (Cohesive soil)

Relationship between Angle of Internal Friction and N-Value

Faktor Koreksi N SPT Lapangan seusai dengan

Rope and Pulley

Rope and Pulley

Rope and Pulley

Harga N free fall tidak perlu dikoreksi krn menjadi standard

CPT (Cone Penetration Test) atau Sondir

C= qc/(15 sampai 20) dalam kg/cm2

Tahanan Geser Selimut

Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang :

1. Tahanan geser selimut tiang yang merupakan

= Koefisien adhesi antara tanah dan tiang

Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang :

Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk

Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk

Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk

Perbandingan Harga Faktor Adhesi () dari

Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk

Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang dari Tanah Berpasir

Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang Bor pada Tanah

Z=depth below ground surface

Tahanan Unjung Tiang

Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung

Soil friction angle, (deg)

Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung:

Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung:

Daya Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah Kohesif Cu

Tiang Pancang dan Tiang Bor:

Daya Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah Pasiran

NILAI N SPT UNTUK DESIGN TAHANAN UJUNG PADA TANAH PASIRAN :

Nilai N SPT Desain

Ndesain = (N1 +N2)

Daya Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah Pasiran Tiang Bor

qp = 7 N (t/m2) < 400 (t/m2)

Daya Dukung Ujung Tiang Bor Tanah Pasiran :

DAYA DUKUNG AKSIAL

Untuk Tiang Bor

Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk

Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk

Ndesain = (N1 +N2)

SF Criterion Based on Tomlinson (1977)

Lensa Pada Group Tiang:

Ketebalan Lapisan Tanah Yang Harus Diperhitungkan Dalam