PERHITUNGAN GAYA PENGEREMAN PADA KASUS REM CAKRAM YAMAHA JUPITER 135 CC TH 2010
PERHITUNGAN GAYA PENGEREMAN PADA KASUS REM CAKRAM YAMAHA JUPITER 135 CC TH 2010
PERHITUNGAN GAYA PENGEREMAN PADA KASUS REM CAKRAM YAMAHA JUPITER 135 CC TH 2010
Oleh :
Ramadhan Lana T
NRP : 12-2015-133
2019
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Oleh :
Ramadhan Lana T
12-2015-133
Pembimbing
Segala puji syukur dan terima kasih kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Tugas
Elmen Mesin II dengan judul “PERHITUNGAN GAYA PENGEREMAN PADA
KASUS REM CAKRAM YAMAHA JUPITER MX 135 CC Th 2010”. Laporan
tugas elemen mesin ini merupakan persyaratan dalam menempuh mata kuliah tugas
elemen mesin II di jurusan Teknik Mesin ITENAS bandung. Dalam penyusunan
laporan ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak yang telah memberi bantuan
dan bimbingannya.
Walaupun perencanaan ini telah selesai, didasari bahwa dalam penulisan ini
masih jauh dari sempurna oleh karena itu keterbatasan pengetahuan penulis oleh
karena hal tersebut penulis menerima saran dan keritik yang bersifat membangun
demi penyempurnaan laporan ini. Oleh karena itu, dalam kesempatan ini penulis
secara khusus mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
1. Orang tua yang selalu memberi kasih sayang, dukungan dan dorongannya,
baik secara moral maupun material serta doa sehingga tugas ini dapat
diselesaikan.
2. Bapak Eka Taufiq F.S.T.M.T selaku dosen pembimbing yang selalu
meluangkan waktunya untuk memberi masukan kepada penulis untuk
menyelesaikan Laporan Tugas Elemen Mesin II ini.
3. Bapak Ali. S.T.M.T Selaku dosen mata kuliah elemen mesin I.
4. Bapak Dedy Hernady. S.T.M.T Selaku dosen mata kuliah elemen mesin II.
5. Asisten Lab. Metrologi Industri Teknik Mesin Itenas
6. Rekan-rekan Himpunan Mahasiswa Mesin ITENAS.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan laporan ini masih jauh dari sempurna.
Oleh karena itu, penulis sangat terbuka atas saran dan keritik yang membangun
demi kemajuan penulisan laporan berikutnya. Akhirnya, penulis berharap semoga
laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua.
i
Bandung, Januari 2019
Ramadhan Lana T
12-2015-133
ii
DAFTAR ISI
ii
2.3 Jenis-jenis Rem Cakram................................................................... 10
Rem Cakram................................................................................... 18
3.2.2 Mencari gaya gesek (f gesek) & torsi ban (TR) ........................... 31
iii
BAB IV ANALISA ..................................................................................... 36
BAB V KESIMPULAN.............................................................................. 37
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
v
DAFTAR SIMBOL
vi
29. (𝐹1 ) Gaya tangan terhadap tuas .............................................................................. 25
30. (𝐹2 ) Gaya tuas terhadap master cilinder ................................................................. 25
31. (𝑎) Jarak titik tuas terhadap gaya 𝐹2 ....................................................................... 25
32. (𝑏) Jarak antara F1 terhadap titik tuas .................................................................... 25
vii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
Adapun maksud dan tujuan tugas Perencanaan Elemen Mesin II ini adalah
untuk menghitung tekanan piston, gaya gesek, gaya rem, gaya reaksi ban depan
dari rem cakram pada motor Yamaha Jupiter MX 135 cc tahun 2010 sesuai dengan
spesifikasi rem cakram orisinil pabrikan berdasarkan asumsi pemakaian seperti
aktifitas keseharian. Pada akhirnya dapat mengetahui gaya pengereman yang
terjadi sehingga bisa lebih memprediksi cara berkendara pemakai agar dapat
menggunakan rem cakram secara efisien.
BAB I : PENDAHULUAN
ANALISA
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Berisi referensi buku dan artikel di internet yang digunakan serta menjadi acuan
dalam penulisan laporan ini.
LAMPIRAN
TEORI DASAR
Sumber : http://conectingwillys.blogspot.co.id/2013/04/jenis-jenis-
kaliper-cem-cakram.html
𝑉𝑡 2 = 𝑉𝑜 2 + 2 𝑎 × 𝑠 …………………………. (2.1)
Maka :
𝑉𝑡 2 −𝑉𝑜 2
𝑎= 2𝑠
……………………………...… (2.2)
Ket :
𝑚
𝑎 : Perlambatan (𝑠 2 )
𝑚
𝑉𝑜 : Kecepatan awal maksimal kendaraan ( 𝑠 )
𝑚
𝑉𝑡 : Kecepatan akhir kendaraan = 0 𝑠
𝑅𝑓 ×𝐿
𝐿𝐵 = ………………………………………… (2.3)
𝑊
𝐿𝐷 = 𝐿 − 𝐿𝐵 …………………………………………(2.4)
Ket :
𝐿𝐵 : Jarak titik berat belakang (m)
𝐿𝐷 : Jarak titik berat depan (m)
𝑅𝑓 : Reaksi di ban depan menggunakan metode eksperimen(kg)
𝑅𝑟 : Reaksi di ban belakang menggunakan
metode eksperimen(kg)
𝑊 : Berat total kendaraan (kg)
𝐿 : Jarak sumbu roda (mm)
𝑅𝐷 x L– W x 𝐿𝐵 + f x h = 0
𝑅𝐷 x L = W x 𝐿𝐵 + f x h
Keterangan :
𝑅𝐷 : Gaya reaksi roda depan (N)
𝑊 : Berat total kendaraan (kg)
𝐿𝐵 : Jarak titik berat belakang (m)
f : Gaya rem (N)
ℎ : Tinggi titik berat (mm)
Gaya gesek adalah gaya yang berarah melawan gerak benda atau arah
kecenderungan benda bergerak. Gaya gesek muncul apabila dua buah benda
bersentuhan. Pada kasus ini terjadi gesekan antara roda dengan jalan
sehingga timbul pula koefisien gesek dengan jalan seperti pada gambar 2.17
∑Mo = 0
Fgesek x rR – Frem x rc = 0
Fgesek x rR = Frem x rc
𝐹𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑘 ×𝑟𝑅
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑚 = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2.9
𝑟𝐶
Ket :
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑚 : Gaya rem (N)
𝐹𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑘 : Gaya gesek (N)
𝑟𝑅 : Jari-jari roda (m)
𝑟𝐶 : Jari-jari cakram (m)
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑚
𝑁= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 2.10)
2 × 𝜇𝑔𝑐
Ket :
N : Gaya tekan piston (N)
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑚 : Gaya rem (N)
𝜇𝑔𝑐 : Koefisien gesek cakram
• Tekanan (𝑷)
𝑁
𝑃= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . .............. . . (2.11)
𝐴
Sedangkan untuk mencari A dapat dicari dengan persamaan :
𝜋 𝐷𝑝 2
𝐴= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . (2.12)
4
Ket :
𝑁
𝑃 : Tekanan ( )
𝑚2
𝐹2 ×𝑎
𝐹1 = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 2.13
𝑏
Ket :
𝐹1 : Gaya tangan terhadap tuas (N)
𝐹2 : Gaya tuas terhadap master cilinder (N)
𝑎 : Jarak titik tuas terhadap gaya 𝐹2 (m)
𝑏 : Jarak antara F1 terhadap titik tuas (m)
𝑁
𝑃 : Tekanan (𝑚2)
PERHITUNGAN
MULAI
BERHENTI
SELESAI
𝑚
𝑉𝑡 = 0 𝑠
Persamaannya :
𝑉𝑡 2 = 𝑉𝑜 2 + 2 𝑎 × 𝑆
Maka :
𝑉𝑡 2 −𝑉𝑜 2
𝑎=
2𝑆
𝑚
02 −33,322,22
𝑠
= 2×20 𝑚
𝑚
= −12,32 𝑠 2
Titik berat :
195,72 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
= = 0,80 𝑚
244 𝑘𝑔
X = 0,80 m
X = LD = 0,80 m
LB = L – LD
= 1.245 m – 0,80 m
LB = 0,445 m
- ℎ = 0,45 m
W=mxg
𝑚
= 244 kg x 9,81 𝑠 2
𝑚
= 2398,64 kg 𝑠 2
∑ MB= 0 (Asumsi CW +)
𝑅𝐷 x L – W x 𝐿𝐵 + f x h = 0
𝑅𝐷 x L = W x 𝐿𝐵 + f x h
𝑚 𝑘𝑔
(2393 𝐾g 2 X 0,445 𝑚)+(3006,08 2 X 0.45 𝑚)
𝑠 𝑠
𝑅𝐷 =
1,245 m
2417,89 𝑁.𝑚
𝑅𝐷 = 1,245 𝑚
𝑅𝐷 = 1942,08 N
Torsi yang timbul pada ban diperoleh dari adanya gaya gesek sehingga
timbul torsi yang berlawanan arah,lalu dikalikan dengan jari-jari roda 𝑟𝑅 .
T = 𝐹𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑘 x 𝑟𝑅
= 1553,67 N x 0,21 m
= 326,27 Nm
3.2.3. Mencari Gaya Rem (Frem ) & Mencari Gaya Tekan Pada Piston (N)
koefisien gesek cakram yang diketahui dicari pada tabel friction
and friction coefficients (tabel terlampir) pada kolom brake material ;
cast iron yaitu µ gc = 0,4.
• Mencari gaya rem (Frem)
∑Mo = 0
Fgesek x rR – Frem x rc = 0
Fgesek x rR = Frem x rc
𝐹𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑘 𝑥𝑟𝑅
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑚 =
𝑟𝑐
1553,67 𝑁 𝑥 0,21 𝑚
=
0,11 𝑚
Frem = 2966,09 N
Frem = μgc x N
Frem = 2μgc x N
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑚
𝑁=
2 𝑥 𝜇𝑔𝑐
Diameter piston :
Dp = 0,033 m
Lalu ukur luas permukaan piston dengan cara :
𝜋 𝐷𝑝2 𝜋 x (0,033) 2 m
A= = = 8,5 × 10−4 𝑚2
4 4
𝑁
P=𝐴
3707,61 N 𝑁
= 8,5×10−4 𝑚2 = 4357188,23 𝑚2
3.2.5 Mencari Gaya Tangan Terhadap Tuas (𝑭𝟏 ) & Gaya Tuas Terhadap
Master Cilinder (F2).
Setelah didapatkan tekanan baru dilakukan perhitungan untuk
gaya tuas terhadap master cilinder dimana diameter piston cilinder
diukur terlebih dahulu.
Sehingga didapat hasil pengukuran Dpmr = 0,0108 m
Maka untuk mencari 𝐹2 sebagai berikut :
𝐹2
𝑃= 𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑚𝑟 2
4
𝜋𝐷𝑝𝑚𝑟 2
• 𝐹2 = 𝑃 × 4
𝑁 𝜋×0,01082
= 4357188,23 𝑚2
× 4
𝑁
= 4357188,23 𝑚2
× 9,16 × 10−5 𝑚2
F2 = 399,11 N
+ (cw) ∑Mo = 0
F1 x b – F2 x a = 0
F1 x b = F2 x a
𝐹2 𝑥 𝑎
𝐹1 =
𝑏
399,11 𝑁 𝑥 0,027 𝑚
=
0,13 𝑚
𝐹1 = 82,89 𝑁
ANALISA
Artinya adalah gaya yang diberikan tangan cukup kecil untuk menghasilkan
gaya pengereman (𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑚) yang cukup besar.
KESIMPULAN
1. Dengan asumsi spesifikasi orisinil rem cakram Yamaha Jupiter 135 cc tahun
2010 dan operasi penggunaan sepeda motor sehari-hari seperti :
m
- Perlambatan (a) : 12,32
s2
Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!
Custom Search
- the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!
Friction and Friction Coefficients
Friction theory and coefficients of friction for ice, aluminum, steel, graphite and other common materials and materials combinations
Sponsored Links
1 Since 1898 OKUMA, merek Jepang yang dapat diandalkan akan menjanjikan manufaktur ideal Anda. okuma.co.jp
2 Handbook of Titration (PDF) - Free Comprehensive Handbook This comprehensive guide tells you everything about the basics of titration. mt.com/titration-basic
Fast Repairs, Maintenance, Refurbishments and Upgrades. Boost Your Furnace Now! tav-
3 Vacuum Furnaces Assistance - Spares for Any Brand and Model engineering.com/AfterSales
The friction force is the force exerted by a surface when an object moves across it - or makes an effort to move across it.
Ff = μ N (1)
where
For an object pulled or pushed horizontally the normal force - N - is simply the gravity force - or weight:
N = Fg
= m ag (2)
where
The friction force due to gravity (1) can with (2) be modified to
Ff = μ m ag (3)
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html 1/6
19/5/2018 Friction and Friction Coefficients
Static Frictional Coefficient
Materials and Material Combinations - μs -
Clean and Dry Surfaces Lubricated and Greasy Surfaces
Diamond Diamond 0.1 0.05 - 0.1
Diamond Metal 0.1 - 0.15 0.1
0.1 - 0.6,
Glass Glass 0.9 - 1.0, 0.41)
0.09-0.121)
Glass Metal 0.5 - 0.7 0.2 - 0.3
Glass Nickel 0.78 0.56
Graphite Steel 0.1 0.1
Graphite Graphite (in vacuum) 0.5 - 0.8
Graphite Graphite 0.1 0.1
Hemp rope Timber 0.5
Horseshoe Rubber 0.68
Horseshoe Concrete 0.58
Ice Ice 0.02 - 0.09
Ice Wood 0.05
Ice Steel 0.03
Iron Iron 1.0 0.15 - 0.20
Lead Cast Iron 0.431)
Leather Oak 0.61, 0521
Leather Metal 0.4 0.2
Leather Wood 0.3 - 0.4
Leather Clean Metal 0.6
Leather fiber Cast iron 0.31
Leather fiber Aluminum 0.30
Magnesium Magnesium 0.6 0.08
Masonry Brick 0.6 - 0.7
0.7 - 1.1,
Nickel Nickel 0.28, 0.121)
0.531)
Nickel Mild Steel 0.641) 0.1781)
Nylon Nylon 0.15 - 0.25
Oak Oak (parallel grain) 0.62, 0.481)
Oak Oak (cross grain) 0.54, 0.321 0.0721
Paper Cast Iron 0.20
Phosphor-bronze Steel 0.35
Platinum Platinum 1.2 0.25
Plexiglas Plexiglas 0.8 0.8
Plexiglas Steel 0.4-0.5 0.4 - 0.5
Polystyrene Polystyrene 0.5 0.5
Polystyrene Steel 0.3-0.35 0.3 - 0.35
Polythene Steel 0.2 0.2
Rubber Rubber 1.16
Rubber Cardboard 0.5 - 0.8
Rubber Dry Asphalt 0.9 (0.5 - 0.8)1)
Rubber Wet Asphalt 0.25 - 0.751)
Rubber Dry Concrete 0.6 - 0.851)
Rubber Wet Concrete 0.45 - 0.751)
Silver Silver 1.4 0.55
Sapphire Sapphire 0.2 0.2
Silver Silver 1.4 0.55
Skin Metals 0.8 - 1.0
Steel Steel 0.5 - 0.8 0.16
Straw Fiber Cast Iron 0.26
Straw Fiber Aluminum 0.27
Tarred fiber Cast Iron 0.15
Tarred fiber Aluminum 0.18
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 0.04 0.04, 0.041)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Steel 0.05 - 0.2
Tungsten Carbide Steel 0.4-0.6 0.1 - 0.2
Tungsten Carbide Tungsten Carbide 0.2 - 0.25 0.12
Tungsten Carbide Copper 0.35
Tungsten Carbide Iron 0.8
Tin Cast Iron 0.321)
Tire, dry Road, dry 1
Tire, wet Road, wet 0.2
Wood Clean Wood 0.25 - 0.5
Wood Wet Wood 0.2
Wood Clean Metal 0.2 - 0.6
Wood Wet Metals 0.2
Wood Stone 0.2 - 0.4
Wood Concrete 0.62
Wood Brick 0.6
Wood - waxed Wet snow 0.14, 0.11)
Wood - waxed Dry snow 0.041)
Zinc Cast Iron 0.85, 0.211)
Zinc Zinc 0.6 0.04
1) Kinetic or sliding frictional coefficient - only when there is a relative motion between the surfaces. Without motion the values are somewhat higher.
2) Note! It is commonly thought that the static coefficients of friction are higher than the dynamic or kinetic values. This is a very simplistic statement and quite misleading for brake materials. With many
brake materials the dynamic coefficient of friction quoted is an "average" value when the material is subject to a range of sliding speeds, surface pressures and most importantly operating temperatures.
If the static situation is considered at the same pressure, but at ambient temperature, then the static coefficient of friction is often significantly LOWER than the average quoted dynamic value. It can be
as low as 40 - 50% of the quoted dynamic value.
= 62 (lb)
1 lb = 0.4536 kg
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html 2/6
19/5/2018 Friction and Friction Coefficients
A car with mass 2000 kg drives with speed 100 km/h on a wet road with friction coefficient 0.2.
Note! - The friction work required to stop the car is equal to the kinetic energy of the car.
where
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (m/s)
Ekinetic = 1/2 (2000 kg) ((100 km/h) (1000 m/km) / (3600 s/h))2
= 771605 J
Wfriction = Ff d (5)
where
Since the kinetic energy of the car is converted to friction energy (work) - we have the expression
Ff = μ m g
= 3924 N
The stop distance for the car can be calculated by modifying (5) to
d = Wfriction / Ff
= (771605 J) / (3924 N)
= 197 m
"Laws of Friction"
Unlubricated Dry Surfaces
1. for low pressure the friction is proportional to the normal force between the surfaces. With rising pressure the friction will not rise proportionally. With extreme pressure friction will rise and
surfaces seize.
2. at moderate pressure the friction force - and coefficient - is not dependent of the surface areas in contact as long as the normal force is the same. With extreme pressure friction will rice and
surfaces size.
3. at very low velocity between the surfaces the friction is independent of the velocity of rubbing. With increased velocity the the friction decreases.
Lubricated Surfaces
1. friction force is almost independent of pressure - normal force - if the surfaces are flooded with lubricant
2. friction varies with speed at low pressure. At higher pressure the minimum friction is at velocity 2 ft/s (0.7 m/s) and friction increases with approximately square root of velocity afterwards.
3. friction varies with temperature
4. for well lubricated surfaces the friction is almost independent of surface material
Typically steel on steel dry static friction coefficient 0.8 drops to 0.4 when sliding is initiated - and steel on steel lubricated static friction coefficient 0.16 drops to 0.04 when sliding is initiated.
Sponsored Links
Related Topics
Miscellaneous - Engineering related topics like Beaufort Wind Scale, CE-marking, drawing standards and more
Mechanics - Forces, acceleration, displacement, vectors, motion, momentum, energy of objects and more
Related Documents
Bollard Force - Bollard rope friction - load and effort force in rope
Car - Traction Force - Adhesion and tractive effort
Disk Brakes - Force and Torque - Force and torque by activated disk brakes
Drag Coefficient - The drag coefficient of an object in a moving fluid influence drag force
Efficiency of Small Machine Elements - Friction and efficiency in bearings and roller chains
Force acting on Body Moving in Horizontal Plane - The force acting on a body moved in the horizontal plane
Force Acting on Body Moving on Inclined Plane - Required force to move a body up an inclined plane
Grease Temperature Limits - Grease is a combination of oil and thickener
Ice - Thermal Properties - Thermal and thermodynamic properties of ice - density, thermal conductivity and specific heat at temperatures from 0 to -100 oC
Ice - Thickness and Safe Load - Safe loads for clear and solid ice
Pulleys - Pulleys, blocks and tackles
Rolling Resistance - Rolling friction and rolling resistance
Screw Jacks - Screw jacks and effort force
Tag Search
en: friction coefficients
es: coeficientes de fricción
de: Reibwerte
Sponsored Links
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html 3/6
19/5/2018 Friction and Friction Coefficients
Ad closed by
Report this ad
Custom Search
- the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!
Ads by Google
Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for
use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse!
The content in The Engineering ToolBox is copyrighted but can be used with NO WARRANTY or LIABILITY. Important information should always be double checked with alternative sources. All
applicable national and local regulations and practices concerning this aspects must be strictly followed and adhered to.
Citation
This page can be cited as
Engineering ToolBox, (2004). Friction and Friction Coefficients. [online] Available at: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Home
Acoustics
Air Psychrometrics
Basics
Combustion
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html 4/6
19/5/2018 Friction and Friction Coefficients
Drawing Tools
Dynamics
Economics
Electrical
Environment
Fluid Mechanics
Gases and Compressed Air
HVAC Systems
Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Insulation
Material Properties
Mathematics
Mechanics
Miscellaneous
Physiology
Piping Systems
Process Control
Pumps
Standard Organizations
Statics
Steam and Condensate
Thermodynamics
Water Systems
Ads by Google
Steel Metals
Aluminium Plate
Unit Converter
Temperature
0.0
oC
oF
Convert!
Length
1.0
m
km
in
ft
yards
miles
naut miles
Convert!
Area
1.0
m2
km2
in2
ft2
miles2
acres
Convert!
Volume
1.0
m3
liters
in3
ft3
us gal
Convert!
Weight
1.0
kgf
N
lbf
Convert!
Velocity
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html 5/6
19/5/2018 Friction and Friction Coefficients
1.0
m/s
km/h
ft/min
ft/s
mph
knots
Convert!
Pressure
1.0
Pa (N/m2)
bar
mm H2O
kg/cm2
psi
inches H2O
Convert!
Flow
1.0
m3/s
m3/h
US gpm
cfm
Convert!
5 16
Sponsored Links
.
Share this Page!
4 1 125
Make Shortcut to Home Screen?
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html 6/6
A-A POT A-A
R11
R7
6
0
R3
5
2.5
R4
14
220
150
65
A-A
TUGAS A2
46 46
29
6 29
R6 6
R1
0
8
85
48
48
73
R7
R3
R3
R7
4 4
TUGAS A3