Kitaen ti taudan para iti Blechnaceae

{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Blechnum spicant2.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Blechnum spicant]]''
| taxon = Blechnaceae
| authority = Newman{{sfn|PPG I|2016}}
| subdivision_ranks = Dagiti subpamilia ken dagiti henero
| subdivision = Kitaen ti teksto.
| type_genus = ''[[Blechnum]]''
}}

Ti '''Blechnaceae''' ket ti pamilia dagiti [[pako]], nga addaan iti [[kosmopolitano a pannakaiwarwaras]]. Ti kasasaadna a kas maysa a pamilia ken dagiti bilang dagiti nairaman a henero ket nakaro nga agdumaduma. Ti impluensial a [[Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group]] iti pannagidasigda idi 2016 ket mangawat kadagiti 24 a henero.

== Deskripsion ==
Kaaduan ket mabirukan iti rabaw ti daga, adu met dagiti kumalatkat, a kas ti ''[[Stenochlaena]]''. Ti maysa a langa a pakailasinan dagiti adu a sebbangan ket dagiti ubing nga agluklukat a saringit ket kadawyanda a mamarisan bassit iti nalabbasit.

== Taksonomia ==
Ti pamilia ket pinartuat babaen ni [[Edward Newman (entomologo)|Newman]] idi 1844. Idi 2014, da Christenhusz ken Chase ket impababada daytoy a kas subpamilia ti Blechnoideae iti kaunegan ti pamilia ti [[Aspleniaceae]].{{sfn|Christenhusz|Chase|2014}} Nupay kasta, ti panangidasig ti [[Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group#PPG I|PPG I]] idi 2016 ket isublina daytoy iti kasasaad a pamilia.{{sfn|PPG I|2016}}

Ti Blechnaceae ket kameng dagiti klado ti eupolypods II (itan ket sub-urnos ti Aspleniineae), iti urnos ti [[Polypodiales]].<ref name=Rothfels-2012 /> Daytoy ket maikabagian kadagiti sabali a pamilia iti klado kas iti sumaganad a kladograma:<ref name=Lehtonen-2011 /><ref name=Rothfels-2012 />
{{eupolypods II cladogram}}

=== Dagiti subdibision ===
Dagiti bilang dagiti maawat a henero iti kaunegan ti Blechnaceae (wenno Blechnoideae no matrato a kas maysa a subpamilia) ket agdumaduma kadagiti sabali a mannurat. Da Christenhusz ken Chase (2014), ket tratuenda ti pamilia kas maysa a subpamilia, ipalawagda ti situasion a kas ti sumaganad: "Ti Blechnoideae ket buklen dagiti tallo a nangruna a klado, maysa ket maitunos iti ''[[Onoclea]]'' ''sensu lato'', ti maikadua ket maitunos iti ''[[Woodwardia]]'', kabsat iti amin dagiti sabali a sebbangan a mabalin a matrato a kas ti bugbugtong a henero ti ''[[Blechnum]]''. Nupay kasta, ti subklado a kabsat kadagiti nabati iti ''Blechnum'' ''sensu lato'' ket aglaon iti kumalatkat a taxa ''Stenochlaena'', ''[[Salpichlaena]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small> ken dagiti bassit pay a di kumalatkat a  sebbangan ti ''Blechnum'' nga addaan kadagiti atiddog a dumalapdap a risoma, a mabalinto koma a maawat iti kadawyan nga agpang kalpasan dagiti panagadal. Ti ''[[Brainea]]'', ''[[Doodia]]'', ''[[Pteridoblechnum]]'' ken ''[[Sadleria]]'' ket maitagikuada iti ''Blechnum'' sensu lato."{{sfn|Christenhusz|Chase|2014}}

Italinaay ti Perrie et al. (2014) ti ranggo ti pamilia a nailaksid iti ''[[Onoclea]]'' kas maysa a sabali a pamilia, ti [[Onocleaceae]], a kabsat iti Blechnaceae. Nangilasinda kadagiti tallo a nangruna a klado iti kaunegan ti nabati a Blechnaceae, a ninagananda iti ''Woodwardia'', super-''Stenochlaena'' ken super-''Blechnum'', a dagiti naudi a naibaga a kas dagiti [[grupgrupo ti agkakabsat]]. Saanda nga inkeddeng ti ''[[Blechnum]]'' akas monopiletiko ken nangisingasing iti rebision kadagiti interheneriko a pagbeddengan, a pagresultaan dagiti pito a henero.{{sfn|Perrie et al.|2014}}

Ti Gasper et al. (2016), a nawaya iti Christenhusz ken Chase, ket sinukisokda iti naun-uneg a pannakaikabagian ti Blechnaceae, a nangitalinaay ti kasasaad ti pamilia ken ilaksidna ti Onocleaceae, ken naikkan kadagiti tallo a nangruna a klado ti Perrie et al. (2014) kadaiti subpamilia: ti Woodwardioideae, Stenochlaenoideae ken Blechnoideae. Ti argianda iti [[polipiletiko]] a kasasaad ti ''Blechnum'' ket ti magpartuat idi iti maysa a serye dagiti monopiletiko a [[segregado (taksonomia)|segregado]] a henero, apagresultaan dagiti 24 a dagup dagiti henero.{{sfn|Gasper et al.|2016a}}{{sfn|Gasper et al.|2016b}} Ti pannakikabagian apagbaetan dagiti tallo a subpamilia ket nabirukan a kas dagiti sumaganad:{{sfn|Gasper et al.|2016a}}
{{klado
|label1=Blechnaceae
|1={{klado
   |1=Woodwardioideae
   |2={{klado
      |1=Stenochlaenoideae
      |2=Blechnoideae
      }}
   }}
}}

=== Dagiti subpamilia ken dagiti henero ===
Idi 2016, sinurot ti Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group ti Gasper et al. (2016) iti panangawat kadagiti 24 a henero, a naigrupo kadagiti tallo a subpamilia. Kadagiti agarup a 265 a sebbangan, ti kaaduan kadagitoy ket maigupit iti ''[[Blechnum]]'' <small>[[L.]]</small>, followed by ''[[Woodwardia]]'' <small>Sm.</small> and ''[[Stenochlaena]]''  <small>J.Sm.</small>. Dagiti sabali a henero ket kaaduan a [[monotipiko]].{{sfn|PPG I|2016}}

Subpamilia ti Woodwardioideae <small>Gasper, V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino</small>
*''[[Anchistea]]'' <small>C.Presl</small>
*''[[Lorinseria]]'' <small>C.Presl</small>
*''[[Woodwardia]]'' <small>Sm.</small>
Subpamilia ti Stenochlaenoideae <small>(Ching) J.P.Roux</small>
*''[[Salpichlaena]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small>
*''[[Stenochlaena]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small>
*''[[Telmatoblechnum]]'' <small>Perrie, D.J.Ohlsen & Brownsey</small>
Subpamilia ti Blechnoideae <small>Gasper, V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino</small>
*''[[Austroblechnum]]'' <small>Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich</small>
*''[[Blechnidium]]'' <small>T.Moore</small>
*''[[Blechnopsis]]'' <small>C.Presl</small>
*''[[Blechnum]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Brainea]]'' <small>J.Sm.</small>
*''[[Cleistoblechnum]]'' <small>Gasper & Salino</small>
*''[[Cranfillia]]'' <small>Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich</small>
*''[[Diploblechnum]]'' <small>Hayata</small>
*''[[Doodia]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
*''[[Icarus]]'' <small>Gasper & Salino</small>
*''[[Lomaria]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
*''[[Lomaridium]]'' <small>C.Presl</small>
*''[[Lomariocycas]]'' <small>(J.Sm.) Gasper & A.R.Sm.</small>
*''[[Neoblechnum]]'' <small>Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich</small>
*''[[Oceaniopteris]]'' <small>Gasper & Salino</small>
*''[[Parablechnum]]'' <small>C.Presl</small>
*''[[Sadleria]]'' <small>Kaulf.</small>
*''[[Struthiopteris]]'' <small>Scop.</small>

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=Lehtonen-2011>{{cite journal
|author=Samuli Lehtonen
|year=2011
|title=Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life
|journal=PLoS ONE
|volume=6
|issue=10
|pages=e24851
|url=http://www.sci.utu.fi/sivustot/amazon/publications/articles/pdf_pub/Lehtonen_2011_PLoS1.pdf
|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024851
|pmid=22022365
|pmc=3192703
|editor1-last=Steinke
|editor1-first=Dirk
|access-date=2019-10-08
|archive-date=2012-08-08
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808065104/http://www.sci.utu.fi/sivustot/amazon/publications/articles/pdf_pub/Lehtonen_2011_PLoS1.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

<ref name=Rothfels-2012>{{cite journal
|author1=Carl J. Rothfels |author2=Anders Larsson |author3=Li-Yaung Kuo |author4=Petra Korall |author5=Wen- Liang Chiou |author6=Kathleen M. Pryer |year=2012
|title=Overcoming Deep Roots, Fast Rates, and Short Internodes to Resolve the Ancient Rapid Radiation of Eupolypod II Ferns
|journal=Systematic Biology |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=490–509
|url=http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/01/04/sysbio.sys001.short?rss=1
|pmid=22223449
|doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys001}}</ref>
}}

== Bibliograpia ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite journal
|author=Maarten J. M. Christenhusz
|author2=Xian-Chun Zhang
|author3=Harald Schneider
|name-list-style=amp
|year=2011
|title=A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns
|journal=[[Phytotaxa]]|volume=19|pages=7–54
|url=http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=
Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M.|authorlink1=Maarten J. M. Christenhusz  |last2=Chase|first2=Mark W.|authorlink2=Mark W. Chase |year=2014|title=Trends and concepts in fern classification|journal=Annals of Botany|volume=113
|issue=9|pages=571–594|name-list-style=amp|doi=10.1093/aob/mct299  |pmid=24532607  |pmc=3936591}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Gasper|first1=André L. de|last2=Almeida|first2=Thaís E.|last3=Dittrich|first3=Vinícius A. de O.|last4=Smith|first4=Alan R.|last5=Salino|first5=Alexandre|title=Molecular phylogeny of the fern family Blechnaceae (Polypodiales) with a revised genus-level treatment|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vinicius_Dittrich2/publication/309285163_Molecular_phylogeny_of_the_fern_family_Blechnaceae_Polypodiales_with_a_revised_genus-level_treatment/links/58080ab208aefaf02a2c6655.pdf|journal=[[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]]|date=Oktubre 2016|doi=10.1111/cla.12173|ref={{harvid|Gasper et al.|2016a}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Gasper|first1=André Luís de|last2=Dittrich|first2=Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira|last3=Smith|first3=Alan Reid|last4=Salino|first4=Alexandre|title=A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales: Polypodiopsida): New genera, resurrected names, and combinations|journal=[[Phytotaxa]]|date=21 Septiembre 2016|volume=275|issue=3|pages=191|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.275.3.1|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308389609_A_classification_for_Blechnaceae_Polypodiales_Polypodiopsida_New_genera_resurrected_names_and_combinations|ref={{harvid|Gasper et al.|2016b}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Perrie|first1=Leon R.|last2=Wilson|first2=Ruby K.|last3=Shepherd|first3=Lara D.|last4=Ohlsen|first4=Daniel J.|last5=Batty|first5=Erin L.|last6=Brownsey|first6=Patrick J.|last7=Bayly|first7=Michael J.|title=Molecular phylogenetics and generic taxonomy of Blechnaceae ferns|journal=[[Taxon (warnakan)|Taxon]]|date=28 August 2014|volume=63|issue=4|pages=745–758|doi=10.12705/634.13|ref={{harvid|Perrie et al.|2014}}}}
* {{cite journal |author=Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|ref={{harvid|PPG I|2016}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Alan R.|last2=Pryer|first2=Kathleen M.|last3=Schuettpelz|first3=Eric|last4=Korall|first4=Petra|last5=Schneider|first5=Harald|last6=Wolf|first6=Paul G.|title=A Classification for Extant Ferns|journal=[[Taxon (warnakan)|Taxon]]|date=1 Enero 2006|volume=55|issue=3|pages=705–731|url=https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/95/Smith_et_al_2006.pdf|jstor=25065646|doi=10.2307/25065646|ref={{harvid|Smith et al.|2006}} }}
{{refend}}

== Dagiti akinruar a silpo ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20001101213011/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1221 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Blechnaceae]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q932153}}

[[Kategoria:Blechnaceae| ]]