Papers by Eliade Stefanescu
The matter dynamics as a positively defined density () () 2 ,, ii x t M x t = was of the celes... more The matter dynamics as a positively defined density () () 2 ,, ii x t M x t = was of the celestial bodies. Generally, a quantum particle is described by a time-space volume, called a graviton, with a spin of 2, and a distribution of a specific matter in this volume, with a half-integer spin for Fermions and an integer spin for Bosons. A graviton Lagrangian is obtained as a curvature integral on a graviton volume, and a Hamiltonian tensor is obtained for the gravitational coordinates and velocities.
Here, we ask what Quantum Mechanics is? And find that the matter dynamics is described by small p... more Here, we ask what Quantum Mechanics is? And find that the matter dynamics is described by small particles as distributions of continuous matter in agreement with General Relativity -a fundamental theory for important application fields, as Quantum Electrodynamics, a Grand Unified Theory of the four forces acting in Nature, and Astrophysics, a Model of our Universe explaining all its essential characteristics as Big Bang, Redshift, Dark Matter and Dark Energy in full agreement with General Relativity.
Appendix B: Particle in a System of Oscillators
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Dec 17, 2014
Quantum Particle as a Distribution of Matter
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Feb 7, 2022
Journal of astrophysics & aerospace technology, Jun 12, 2018
Environmental heat conversion into usable energy as a quantum effect of the matter-field dynamics
Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering, Nov 6, 2017
Appendix A: Structure of a Superradiant Junction
Axiomatic open quantum physics
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Dec 17, 2014
Superradiant Structure and Heat Conversion into Usable Energy
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, May 8, 2017
Quantum Particle in the Gravitational Field
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Feb 7, 2022
The Least Action and Matter-Field Dynamics in Gravitational Field
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Feb 7, 2022
Announcement 2nd World Wide Congregation on Physics May 25-26, 2020 | Rome, Italy
In this paper, we obtain the quantum dynamics in the framework of the general theory of relativit... more In this paper, we obtain the quantum dynamics in the framework of the general theory of relativity, where a quantum particle is described by a distribution of matter, with amplitude functions of the matter density, in the two conjugate spaces of the spatial coordinates and of the momentum, called wave functions. For a free particle, these wave functions are conjugate wave packets in the coordinate and momentum spaces, with time dependent phases proportional to the relativistic lagrangian, as the wave velocities in the coordinate space are equal to the distribution velocity described by the wave packet in this space. From the wave velocities of the particle wave functions, we obtain lorentz's force and the maxwell equations. For a quantum particle in electromagnetic field, we obtain dynamic equations in the coordinate and momentum spaces, and the particle and antiparticle wave functions. We obtain the scattering or tunneling rate in an electromagnetic field, for the two possible cases, with the spin conservation, or inversion.
We consider a system of Fermions interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field and calculate ... more We consider a system of Fermions interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field and calculate the entropy dynamics. We obtain a negative term describing an entropy decrease depending on the electromagnetic field, which can cancel the positive term obtained according to the second law of thermodynamics. For the application of this theory to a semiconductor structure converting the environmental heat into coherent electromagnetic energy, we obtain a physical interpretation of the two processes, as field radiation by quantum transitions, and heat absorption by the Peltier effect.
Fundamental laws and quantum dynamics, 2024
Background: Recently, we obtained a unitary theory of quantum mechanics and general relativity, w... more Background: Recently, we obtained a unitary theory of quantum mechanics and general relativity, where a quantum particle is a continuous distribution of matter in the two conjugate spaces of the coordinates and momentum, quantized by the equality of the mass parameter describing the relativistic dynamics of the matter, with the mass as an integral of the matter density. However, in this framework, we have not explicitly revealed the connection between our new theory and the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. Methods: We analyzed in detail the three fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, explicitly describing experimental data: 1) Planck's law of the blackbody electromagnetic radiation of a system of electrically charged harmonic oscillators, 2) Einstein's law of the photon energy proportionality with the photon frequency, and 3) de Broglie's law of the quantum particle as an oscillator in space. Results: We reobtained the two dynamical equations, in the conjugate spaces of the coordinates and momentum, as functions of the Lagrangian system, unlike the Schrödinger equation, depending on the Hamiltonian. Conclusion: According to the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, a quantum particle is a continuous distribution of matter with an intrinsic mass, unlike the conventional quantum mechanics for the state occupation probabilities of punctual entities moving with the light velocity and getting an apparent mass only by collisions with some bosons pervading the whole universe. According to these laws, we obtained a quantum theory in agreement with common sense, classical logic, and general relativity.
InTech eBooks, Jun 13, 2012
We consider a system of Fermions interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field and calculate ... more We consider a system of Fermions interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field and calculate the entropy dynamics. We obtain a negative term describing an entropy decrease depending on the electromagnetic field, which can cancel the positive term obtained according to the second law of thermodynamics. For the application of this theory to a semiconductor structure converting the environmental heat into coherent electromagnetic energy, we obtain a physical interpretation of the two processes, as field radiation by quantum transitions, and heat absorption by the Peltier effect.
We consider a system of Fermions interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field and calculate ... more We consider a system of Fermions interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field and calculate the entropy dynamics. We obtain a negative term describing an entropy decrease depending on the electromagnetic field, which can cancel the positive term obtained according to the second law of thermodynamics. For the application of this theory to a semiconductor structure converting the environmental heat into coherent electromagnetic energy, we obtain a physical interpretation of the two processes, as field radiation by quantum transitions, and heat absorption by the Peltier effect.
We consider a quantum particle as a wave packet, and find that the group velocities in the coordi... more We consider a quantum particle as a wave packet, and find that the group velocities in the coordinate and momentum spaces are in agreement with the Hamilton equations only when the Lagrangian is considered in the time dependent phases, instead of the Hamiltonian in the conventional forms of these waves as solutions of the Schrödinger equation. We define a relativistic quantum principle, and derive a wave equation for a relativistic quantum particle, the relativistic kinematics and dynamics of the particle waves, the Maxwell equations and the Lorentz force of a field interacting with the particle waves, the relativistic transform of such a field, and the spin as a characteristic of the particle waves. We consider a quantum particle as a distribution of conservative matter propagating according to the General Theory of Relativity. We obtain the dynamics of this matter in a gravitational field, the propagation in plane waves perpendicular to geodesic tracks, and equations of conservation.
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Papers by Eliade Stefanescu
general theory of relativity, where a quantum particle is described by a
distribution of matter, with amplitude functions of the matter density, in the two conjugate spaces of the spatial coordinates and of the momentum, called wave functions. For a free particle, these wave functions are conjugate wave packets in the coordinate and momentum spaces, with time-dependent phases proportional to the relativistic Lagrangian, as the wave velocities in the coordinate space are equal to the distribution velocity described by the wave packet in this space. From the wave velocities of the particle wave functions, Lorentz’s force and the Maxwell equations were obtained. From the wave/group equation in the momentum space describing the Lorentz force, the expressions of the electric and magnetic fields as functions of the electric potential conjugated to time and
of the vector potential conjugated to the coordinates in the particle-field
Lagrangian were obtained. With these expressions, the electric and magnetic fields that satisfy the Faraday-Maxwell law of electromagnetic induction and the two Gauss-Maxwell laws of these fields were obtained. The Ampère-Maxwell law is obtained only by taking into account the physical consistency of the matterfield interaction of the equality of the propagation field velocity with the maximum relativistic velocity c. For a quantum particle in the electromagnetic field, dynamic equations in the coordinate and momentum spaces and the particle and antiparticle wave functions were obtained. It was shown that the electromagnetic
potentials as functions of the coordinates describing the matter distribution of the quantum particle do not alter this distribution – under the action of an electromagnetic a quantum particle moves as a whole. The scattering or tunneling rate in an electromagnetic field, for the two possible cases, with the spin conservation, or inversion, were obtained. This description of a quantum particle as a distribution of matter with a density amplitude/wavefunction of the form of a wave packet, with the time-dependent phase proportional to the relativistic Lagrangian as a function of the metric tensor including also the gravitational field, enables the application of this theory in quantum gravity and quantum field theory in agreement with general relativity.
has a bounded spectrum with a velocity limit c. When a magnetic circuit law is considered for a field interacting with a quantum particle, this is an
electromagnetic field, propagating with the velocity c. This means that the limit velocity c of a quantum particle according to the theory of relativity is also obtained as a necessary condition of quantum dynamics. The relativistic particle wavefunctions considered in this framework, describing finite distributions of densities in the two conjugated spaces of the coordinates and momentum, provide a better description of a collisional phenomenon, in a finite volume occupied by these particles and the photon mediating this collision according to Quantum Electrodynamics.
Keywords: wave packet, group velocity, Schrödinger picture, Heisenberg picture, scalar potential, vector potential, Lorentz force, Maxwell equations, geodesic equation, Dirac Hamiltonian, spin, spinor, two-body collision, Hamiltonian, covariant derivative, Schwarzschild metric tensor, Clifford algebra, vertex, two-body decay, Inflation, redshift, vacuum impedance, contravariant coordinate, antiparticle, Fermi's golden rule, Pauli spin operators, Lagrange equations, Lagrangian, Christoffel symbol, metric tensor, Feynman diagram, black hole, four-vector, covariant coordinate, time-space interval, density of states, Dirac spin operators, wave velocity, the least action, curvature, Schwarzschild singularities, Big Bang, Schwarzschild boundary, virtual photon, Bianci equations, Ricci tensor, graviton spin, Einstein’s equation of gravitation, weak interaction, strong interaction, flavour space, colour space, up quark, down quark, red quark, green quark, blue quark, quantum electrodynamics, quantum flavour-dynamics, quantum chromodynamics, red gluon, green gluon, blue gluon, nucleon, Gell-Mann operators, grand unified theory
Describing the interaction of a quantum particle with the electromagnetic field by a modification of the particle dynamics, induced by additional terms in the time dependent phases, with an electric potential conjugated to time, and a vector potential conjugated to the coordinates, Lorentz’s force and Maxwell’s equations are obtained. With Dirac’s Hamiltonian, and operators satisfying the Clifford algebra, dynamic equations similar to those used in the quantum field theory and particle physics are obtained, but with an additional relativistic function, depending on the velocity, and the matter-field momentum. For particles and antiparticles, wavefunctions for finite matter distributions are obtained.
The particle transitions, and Fermi’s golden rule, are described by the Lagrangian matrix elements over the Lagrangian eigenstates and densities of these states. Transition rates are obtained for the two possible processes, with the spin conservation or with the spin inversion.
Dirac’s formalism of general relativity, with basic concepts of Christoffel symbols, covariant derivative, scalar density and matter conservation, the geodesic dynamics, curvature tensor, Bianci equations, Ricci tensor, Einstein’s gravitation law and the Schwarzschild matric elements, are presented in detail.
From the action integrals for the gravitational field, matter, electromagnetic field, and electric charge, Lorentz’s force and Maxwell’s equations in the general relativity are obtained. It is also shown that the gravitational field is not modified by the electromagnetic field.
For a black hole, the velocity and the acceleration of a particle are obtained. It is shown that, in the perfect spherical symmetry hypothesis, an outside particle is attracted only up to three times the Schwarzschild radius, between this distance and the Schwarzschild radius the particle being repelled, so that it reaches this boundary only in an infinite time, with null velocity and null acceleration. At the formation of a black hole, as a perfectly spherical object of matter gravitationally concentrated inside the Schwarzschild boundary, the central matter explodes, the inside matter being carried out towards this boundary, but reaching there only in an infinite time, with null velocity and null acceleration. In this way, our universe is conceived as a huge black hole. Based on this model, the essential properties, as big bang, inflation, the low large-scale density, the quasi-inertial behavior of the distant bodies, redshift, the dark matter and the dark energy, are unitarily explained.
From the description of a gravitational wave by harmonically oscillating coordinates, the wave equation for the metric tensor is obtained, the propagation direction of such a wave being taken for reference. For a quantum particle as a distribution of matter interacting with a gravitational field, according to the proposed model, it is obtained that this field rotates with the angular momentum 2, called the graviton spin, as a rotation of the metric tensor which is correlated to the matter velocity, as the particle matter rotates with a half-integer spin for Fermions, and an integer spin for Bosons.