Adrian Barnett

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Jessica Groenendijk

Institute for Conservation Research - San Diego Zoo Global

Fernando Rosas

Emanuela Evangelista

Nicole Duplaix

Oregon State University

Fernando Rosas

Danielle Lima

Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá

Miriam Marmontel

Carlos A Peres

University of East Anglia

Robert Wallace

andrew Taber

The Mountain Institute

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Papers by Adrian Barnett

Records of the Giant Otter, Pteronura brasiliensis, from Guyana

IUCN Otter Specialist …

The results of interviews and surveys of status of the giant otter are presented. These include i... more The results of interviews and surveys of status of the giant otter are presented. These include information on Pteronura brasiliensis on the upper Potaro River and other rivers in Guyana. Suggestions are made for future work on giant otters on the Potaro Plateau. These include monitoring the effects of mining, studies of mercury poisoning, ecotourism feasibility studies and autecological studies. Vulnerable. Declining population. Population decline projected or suspected based on, decline in area of occupancy/quality of habitat, actual or potential levels of exploitation.

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An Improved Technique Using Dental Prostheses for Field Quantification of the Force Required by Primates for the Dental Penetration of Fruit

Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology, Jan 25, 2015

Tooth morphology is an important determinant of primate diet, setting potential limits on process... more Tooth morphology is an important determinant of primate diet, setting potential limits on processable item size and material properties. Plunger-based commercial fruit firmness testers (penetrometers) have been used to estimate primate diet item hardness and, by proxy, bite force required for penetration. However, geometric forms and surface areas of penetrometer plungers and primate teeth differ considerably. Accurate bite force estimation is especially important with pitheciine primates as these penetrate fruit pericarps with their canines. To achieve more realistic bite force measures, we replaced a fruit penetrometer's standard plunger with a Cacajao calvus canine prosthesis. We compared indentation and penetration values for Hevea spruceana (Euphorbiaceae; hard-pericarp) and Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae; soft-pericarp) fruits (both natural Cacajao foods), and standard penetrometer head and canine prosthesis values for penetrating H. spruceana sulci. Compared to the canine p...

Convergent character displacement in sympatric tamarin calls (Saguinus spp.)

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2021

Character displacement, or a shift in traits where species co-occur, is one of the most common ec... more Character displacement, or a shift in traits where species co-occur, is one of the most common ecological patterns to result from interactions between closely related species. Usually, character displacement is associated to divergence in traits, though, they might be convergent, especially when used for aggressive interference between species. In the context of animal communication, territorial calls are predicted to converge in order to increase context recognition and decrease the costs of ecological interference competition. However, such signals might also be adapted to characteristics of the shared environment. In this study, we used data from 15 groups of two parapatric tamarins, Saguinus midas and S. bicolor, to test for similarities in long calls among sympatric and allopatric groups. We hypothesized that calls would converge in sympatric areas, as it would be mutually beneficial if both species recognize territorial contexts, but that convergence would depend on forest type due to acoustic adaptation. As predicted, long calls converged in sympatry, with S. midas shifting its calls towards S. bicolor’s acoustic pattern. However, this shift only occurred in primary forest. In sympatric areas, S. midas produced sounds with narrower bandwidths in primary than in secondary forest, consistent with optimization of sound propagation while both species produced longer calls in primary forests independently of geographic location (i.e. sympatry and allopatry). Our results suggest that both social and environmental pressures are important in shaping tamarin sounds. As their effects can interact, analyses, which assume that these ecological pressures act independently, are likely to miss important patterns. Territorial signals between closely related sympatric species are expected to be convergent to increase context recognition and decrease the costs of interference competition. However, such signals might also be adapted to characteristics of the shared environment, such as forest structure characteristics. We analysed vocalisations from two parapatric tamarins and found that, though their long calls asymmetrically converged in sympatry, only red-handed tamarins shifted towards pied tamarin call type, and this only occurred in primary forest. Our results suggest that both social and environmental pressures are important in shaping primate calls. Because their effects can interact, analyses which assume that these pressures act independently, are likely to miss important patterns.

The Meanings of Cacajao and Uacari: Folk Etymology in Neotropical Primate Taxonomy

Neotropical Primates, 2004

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more

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Differential resilience of Amazonian otters along the Rio Negro in the aftermath of the 20th century international fur trade

PloS one, 2018

Commercial hunting for the international trade in animal hides in the 20th century decimated many... more Commercial hunting for the international trade in animal hides in the 20th century decimated many populations of aquatic wildlife in Amazonia. However, impacts varied significantly between different species and regions, depending upon hunting intensity, accessibility of habitat, and the inherent resilience of various species and their habitats. We investigated the differential responses of two Amazonian Mustelid species, the neotropical otter and giant otter, to commercial hunting pressure along the upper Rio Negro in Brazil, and examined historical factors that influenced spatial and temporal variation in commercial exploitation. We analyzed previously unanalyzed data from historical records of hide shipments to track changes in hide sales and prices for the two species in the late 20th century. We also gathered oral histories from older Baniwa people who had witnessed or participated in commercial otter hunting. These complimentary data sources reveal how intrinsic biological and ...

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Killers in the sea

New Scientist

The strange world of naming new species

New Scientist

Around the mulberry tree

New Scientist

Page 1. ulberry ree P. SCOTT LAWRENCE Page 2. Page 3. Around the Mulberry Tree This One S0KZ-01T-... more

The bitter end: primate avoidance of caterpillar-infested trees in a central Amazon flooded forest

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Animal–plant interactions are often mediated by chemical compounds. It has been widely reported t... more Animal–plant interactions are often mediated by chemical compounds. It has been widely reported that herbivore damage to plants induces chemical defenses which may then affect subsequent interactions with both invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. Our study investigated the effects of the interaction between larvae of an unidentified nymphalid butterfly and the tanimbuca tree (Buchenavia ochroprumna Eichl.; Combretaceae) on subsequent folivory by a primate, the golden-backed uacari (Cacajao ouakary (Spix, 1823); Pitheciidae). Primate-feeding observations, records of the extent of nymphalid – B. ochroprumna interactions, and tree distribution occurred in Jaú National Park, Amazonas State, Brazil. The values of Ivlev’s electivity index showed that C. ouakary strongly rejected trees infested by caterpillars (−0.68), whereas non-infested trees were highly selected by them (+0.84). Given this behavior, we suggest that C. ouakary may be deterred by (i) caterpillars, (ii) change in leaf ...

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When predators become prey: Community-based monitoring of caiman and dolphin hunting for the catfish fishery and the broader implications on Amazonian human-natural systems

Biological Conservation

A B S T R A C T Wildlife hunting for commercial products has been responsible for decline of many... more A B S T R A C T Wildlife hunting for commercial products has been responsible for decline of many large vertebrates around the globe. An Amazonian example of this worldwide trend is the use of caiman and dolphins as bait for the pir-acatinga catfish fishery. While it is a controversial issue in Amazonia conservation, there is no data on key biological aspects, such as age and sex, of those animals illegally hunted for bait. This lack of data complicates understanding of the true impact of bait-hunting on the targeted species. In this study, we present results of one year of participatory monitoring of bait-hunting in 12 communities in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR), Brazilian Amazonia, during which participants recorded aspects of hunting activity and bio-metric data of animals used as piracatinga bait. The piracatinga fishery at MSDR has distinct spatial and seasonal patterns, being concentrated close to distribution centers and intensifying during the dry season. Adult male black caiman is the main bait used by fishermen, but viscera of commercial fish provide a potential alternative bait source for the piracatinga fishery. All recorded bait hunting was for caiman, none for dolphins. Despite the predominant use of caiman as bait, MSDR caiman populations remain the largest within the species&#39; distribution. We suggest that informal management of caiman conducted by MSDR residents has guaranteed regional sustainability of the piracatinga fishery. In a broader context, the current study highlights the potential for parti-cipatory research with local populations in formulating well-informed decisions for the conservation of natural resources and economic alternatives focused on the conservation of human-natural systems.

How the world made us

New Scientist

A mouthful of history

New Scientist

Nonvolant Mammal Megadiversity and Conservation Issues in a Threatened Central Amazonian Hotspot in Brazil

Tropical Conservation Science, 2016

Amazonia National Park is located in southwestern Pará State in central Amazonia. The 10,707 km 2... more Amazonia National Park is located in southwestern Pará State in central Amazonia. The 10,707 km 2 park is one of the largest protected areas in Brazil and is covered with pristine forests, but the region is threatened by dam construction projects. An incomplete mammal biodiversity inventory was conducted in the area during the late 1970s. Here, we present results of sampling from 7,295 live-trap nights, 6,000 pitfall-trap nights, more than 1,200 km of walking transect censuses, and approximately 3,500 camera-trap days, all conducted between 2012 and 2014. These sampling efforts generated a list of 86 known species of nonvolant mammals, making the park the single most species-rich area for nonvolant mammals both in the Amazon Basin and in the Neotropics as a whole. Amazonia National Park is a megadiverse site, as is indicated by its mammalian richness, which includes 15 threatened mammal species and 5 to 12 new species of small mammals. As such, it merits being a high-conservation priority and should be an important focus of Brazilian authorities' and the international scientific community's conservation efforts. A comprehensive conservation plan is urgently needed, especially given the ecological threats posed by dam construction.

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Run, hide, or fight: anti-predation strategies in endangered red-nosed cuxiú (Chiropotes albinasus, Pitheciidae) in southeastern Amazonia

Primates; journal of primatology, Jan 23, 2017

Although primate predation is rarely observed, a series of primate anti-predation strategies have... more Although primate predation is rarely observed, a series of primate anti-predation strategies have been described. Energetic costs of such strategies can vary from high-cost mobbing, via less costly alarm calling, to low-cost furtive concealment. Here we report the anti-predation strategies of red-nosed cuxiú, Chiropotes albinasus, based on direct observations from four study sites in southeastern Brazilian Amazonia. Over a collective period of 1255 fieldwork hours, we observed nine direct interactions between raptors (all potential predators) and red-nosed cuxiús. Of these, one (11%) resulted in predation. Raptors involved were: Harpia harpyja (four events), Leucopternis sp. (two events), Spizaëtus tyrannus (one event), and unidentified large raptors (two events). Predation attempts occurred in flooded-forest and terra firme rainforest, were directed at both adult and non-adult cuxiús, and involved both adult and juvenile raptors. Anti-predation strategies adopted by the cuxiús incl...

Where the heart is

New Scientist, 2016

Spoilt for choice

New Scientist, 2015

Rumble in& the jungle

New Scientist, 2005

Notes on the small mammals of Ilha de Marac�, Roraima State, Brazil

Mammalia, 1994

AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION (Book)

Times Literary Supplement Tls, 2004

Scratch 'n' sniff

New Scientist, 2006

Records of the Giant Otter, Pteronura brasiliensis, from Guyana

IUCN Otter Specialist …

Download

An Improved Technique Using Dental Prostheses for Field Quantification of the Force Required by Primates for the Dental Penetration of Fruit

Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology, Jan 25, 2015

Convergent character displacement in sympatric tamarin calls (Saguinus spp.)

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2021

The Meanings of Cacajao and Uacari: Folk Etymology in Neotropical Primate Taxonomy

Neotropical Primates, 2004

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more

Download

Differential resilience of Amazonian otters along the Rio Negro in the aftermath of the 20th century international fur trade

PloS one, 2018

Download

Killers in the sea

New Scientist

The strange world of naming new species

New Scientist

Around the mulberry tree

New Scientist

Page 1. ulberry ree P. SCOTT LAWRENCE Page 2. Page 3. Around the Mulberry Tree This One S0KZ-01T-... more

The bitter end: primate avoidance of caterpillar-infested trees in a central Amazon flooded forest

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Download

When predators become prey: Community-based monitoring of caiman and dolphin hunting for the catfish fishery and the broader implications on Amazonian human-natural systems

Biological Conservation

How the world made us

New Scientist

A mouthful of history

New Scientist

Nonvolant Mammal Megadiversity and Conservation Issues in a Threatened Central Amazonian Hotspot in Brazil

Tropical Conservation Science, 2016

Download

Run, hide, or fight: anti-predation strategies in endangered red-nosed cuxiú (Chiropotes albinasus, Pitheciidae) in southeastern Amazonia

Primates; journal of primatology, Jan 23, 2017

Where the heart is

New Scientist, 2016

Spoilt for choice

New Scientist, 2015

Rumble in& the jungle

New Scientist, 2005

Notes on the small mammals of Ilha de Marac�, Roraima State, Brazil

Mammalia, 1994

AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION (Book)

Times Literary Supplement Tls, 2004

Scratch 'n' sniff

New Scientist, 2006

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