This chapter reviews the fundamentals and achievements of ultrashort pulse generation and amplifi... more This chapter reviews the fundamentals and achievements of ultrashort pulse generation and amplification in ytterbium-doped fibers. Compact and ultrastable passively mode-locked fiber oscillators represent an ideal seed source for high performance femtosecond fiber amplification systems, which have been scaled towards kW-level average power and pulse energies well above the mJ-level. These laser systems will have significant impact in numerous scientific and industrial applications.
Conjugated polymers are promising low-cost, lightweight, and flexible candidates for scalable pho... more Conjugated polymers are promising low-cost, lightweight, and flexible candidates for scalable photovoltaic applications to establish decarbonized energy technologies. However, they possess deficiencies in terms of their lower charge mobility and exciton diffusion length compared to their inorganic counterparts, impeding the efficient charge extraction at high active layer thickness values. In this manner, active layer composition should be tuned to improve light harvesting enabling efficient charge transport. This work presents two new approaches to achieve higher photovoltaic performance for organic photovoltaic systems; thiol modification of the polymers for improved morphological features, and incorporation of ligand-free gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon absorption into the active layer to be stabilized by the covalent interaction with the thiol side groups of the polymers. To achieve this goal, a benzoxadiazole bearing polymer (POxT) and its bromine (POxT-Br) and thiol (POxT-SH) comprising derivatives were synthesized, their electrochemical, optical, photovoltaic, and morphological characterizations were performed. For photovoltaic characterizations, conventional device architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC 71 BM/LiF/Al was utilized, where the POxT-SH showed the highest J SC and PCE values, 6.52 mA/cm 2 and 2.71%, respectively. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized via laser ablation method, and upon incorporation, the PCE value was boosted to 3.29%, with an increase of 21.4% compared to POxT-SH comprising organic solar cells.
In this paper, we investigate for the first time, the spatiotemporal dynamics of self-similar par... more In this paper, we investigate for the first time, the spatiotemporal dynamics of self-similar parabolic pulse evolution in multimode fibers (MMFs). We present numerical predictions of the existence of parabolic pulse in a graded and step index MMFs and demonstrate that the parabolic pulse formation process could have a prominent effect on the spatiotemporal behavior in both fibers. We study the effect of the input pulse energy and its initial modal composition on the resulting parabolic pulse and the corresponding spatial beam profile. When the fundamental mode is mostly excited, the pulse evolves into a linearly chirped pulse with parabolic intensity shape that propagates self-similarly in both fibers.This allows for efficient and high-quality pulse compression with sub-40 fs pulse duration. Dependence on input pulse shapes, its chirp parameter and sign towards conversion into parabolic shape are also reported. We quantify the reshaping of the parabolic pulse using the misfit parameter. We demonstrate a route to the parabolic pulse evolutions for all modes equal energy distributed initial condition. In addition, we also observe that the beam profiles of output fields could be different for same MMF with different initial pulse energy. Moreover, a spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamic, auto-selection beam of one specific mode is investigated. Thus remain spatio-temporally stable for more than a decade of the input pulse energy variation. Parabolic pulse formation process plays critical roles in these nonlinear dynamics. This approach provides another framework to understand the complex nonlinear dynamics in MMFs.
Herein, hybrid nanoparticles composed of a redemitting conjugated oligomer (COL) and gold nanopar... more Herein, hybrid nanoparticles composed of a redemitting conjugated oligomer (COL) and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were prepared through a one-pot synthetic method in which the oligomer acts as a reducing agent as well as a matrix to wrap the newly formed Au nanoparticles. These hybrid nanoparticles (COL-Au-NPs) exhibited photodynamic and photothermal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. They were also proven to possess high photostability and thermal reversibility. Dark cytotoxicity of COL-Au-NPs toward pathogens and mammalian breast cancer cells (MCF-7) reduced significantly upon complexation with cucurbit[7]uril while preserving their light-induced cytotoxic activity when irradiated with a 915 nm laser for photothermal therapy and white light for photodynamic therapy, respectively. Furthermore, these nanoparticles have cellular imaging capability because of their intrinsic fluorescence characteristics and can be used in image-guided therapy.
We numerically and experimentally study the spatio-temporal femtosecond pulse evolution in graded... more We numerically and experimentally study the spatio-temporal femtosecond pulse evolution in graded-index multimode fiber at normal dispersion regime. We report the first demonstration of geometric parametric instability sidebands generation with ultrashort pulses in the literature. OCIS codes: 060.4370, 190.0190 Novel nonlinear dynamics due to spatio-temporal pulse propagation inside graded-index multimode fiber (GRIN MMF) have attracted huge attention in the recent years. Among these phenomena, geometric parametric instability (GPI) offers unrepresented frequency shift with remarkable spatial beam shape. GPI is associated with periodic refocusing inside GRIN MMFs and theoretically predicted by Longhi [1]. Later, the proposed theory is verified by experimental studies and GPI sidebands are reported with more than 100 THz detuning from to pump frequency [2,3]. These studies focused on quasi-continues pulse evolution in GRIN MMF because of the analogy between GPI and the modulation instability thus the spatio-temporal evolution of femtosecond pulses at normal dispersion regime remains unknown. Here, we present the first experimental observation of GPI sidebands with femtosecond pulses in GRIN MMF. To gain detailed understanding, we perform numerical simulations and theoretical calculations and obtained results are well-aligned with experimental observations. We perform numerical simulations by coupled-mode analysis method [4]. We launched We launch pulses with 200 fs pulse duration, 350 nJ pulse energy at 800 nm. Even though GRIN MMF supports hundreds of modes at 800 nm, to reduce computation time, we perform a simulation with linearly polarized first six cylindrically symmetric modes for 30 cm GRIN MMF with 50 µm core diameter. The initials pulse energy is distributed among these six modes (50% in p=0, 18% in p=1, 13% in p=2, 10% in p=3, 6% in p=4 and 3% in p=5) and obtained results are presenting first GPI sidebands with 90 THz frequency offset from the central pump frequency (see Fig.1(a)). The pulse propagation equation used in the numerical calculations for the each fiber mode p is presented as:
Reducing the distance between the fluorescence molecules and noble metal (resonant) nanostructure... more Reducing the distance between the fluorescence molecules and noble metal (resonant) nanostructures is known to advance the process of electromagnetic coupling and energy transfer, which in return yields fluorescence enhancement particularly exploited for improved biomedical applications. In this study, Au-capped Si nanowhiskers (NWs) at various sizes were fabricated using a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism for systematically investigating the dependence of the size of the Au-capped Si NWs on the fluorescence enhancement factor with respect to the fluorescence emission from Rhodamine 6G (Rh-6G) fluorophore. Opposite to what is anticipated from the literature, the maximum enhancement was obtained for the sample for which the Aunanoparticle (NP) capping is well isolated from the fluorophore and the vertical distance between the fluorophore and the plasmonic metal nanoparticle is largest. Numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM) were shown to support the experimental optical response results. Four-point probe I-V measurements also show that the Schottky ideality factor of Aucapped Si NWs decays exponentially upon the rise in the fluorescence enhancement factor.
Carbon is an essential element in human life and recently becoming technologically prominent due ... more Carbon is an essential element in human life and recently becoming technologically prominent due to the emerging field of “Carbononics”. We demonstrate organic carbon quantum dots (qdots) containing nitrile bonded (C≡N bond) d‐glucose‐like traces in various sizes obtained from wheat flour to be promising for imaging applications and to possess a relaxor ferroelectric property and an enhanced electrocatalytic activity that could reduce the cost of energy devices and simple to scale up for the commercialization. The secondary electron microscopy (SEM) imaging shows that the particle size of carbon qdots can be controlled via the sonication exposure time. Elemental analysis and vibrational spectroscopy results show that carbon qdots are sensitive to N2 gas in the atmosphere and could weaken its “carbogenic” property by making a stable C≡N bond at ambient atmosphere. Rietveld analysis and HR‐TEM studies demonstrate that the structure of the C qdots was found to fit best with an acentric...
Synthesis and characterization of a novel toughener–compatibilizer for polypropylene (PP)–montmor... more Synthesis and characterization of a novel toughener–compatibilizer for polypropylene (PP)–montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were conducted to provide enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks were synthetically grafted onto maleic anhydride‐grafted polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene/butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS‐g‐MA). Special attention was paid to emphasize the effect of PEO‐grafted SEBS (SEBS‐g‐PEO) against SEBS‐g‐MA on morphology, static/dynamic mechanical properties and surface hydrophilicity of the resultant blends and nanocomposites. It was found that the silicate layers of neat MMT are well separated by PEO chains chemically bonded to nonpolar SEBS polymer without needing any organophilic modification of the clay as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. From scanning electron microscopy analyses, elastomeric domains interacting with MMT layers via PEO sites were found to be distributed in the PP m...
The following addition should be made to the caption of figure 1: 'Reproduced with permission fro... more The following addition should be made to the caption of figure 1: 'Reproduced with permission from Electrochem. Soc. Trans., 66 (40) 9-16 (2015). Copyright 2015, The Electrochemical Society.' The figure in ECS Transactions is showing a schematic of n-i-p a-Si:H solar cell structure which is modified to show a schematic of c-Si HIT solar cell structure in this work. The following addition should be made to the caption of figure 2: 'Reproduced with permission from Electrochem. Soc. Trans., 66 (40) 9-16 (2015). Copyright 2015, The Electrochemical Society.' The figure in ECS Transactions is only showing TEM image of InN nanoparticles and in this work information about nanoparticle size distribution has been added to the TEM image as inset.
Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society The formation of Colloidal 2D/3D... more Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society The formation of Colloidal 2D/3D MoS2 Nanostructures in Organic Liquid Environment 1 ENGIN DURGUN, H. SENER SEN, TUGBA OZ-TAS, BULEND ORTAC, Bilkent University-UNAM-2D MoS2 nanosheets (2D MoS2 NS) and fullerene-like MoS2 nanostructures (3D MoS2 NS) with varying sizes are synthesized by nanosecond laser ablation of hexagonal crystalline 2H-MoS2 powder in methanol. Structural, chemical, and optical properties of MoS2 NS are characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and UV/VIS/NIR absorption spectroscopy techniques. Results of structural analysis show that the obtained MoS2 NS mainly present layered morphology from micron to nanometer surface area. Detailed analysis of the product also proves the existence of inorganic polyhedral fullerene-like 3D MoS2 NS generated by pulsed laser ablation in methanol. The possible factors which may lead to formation of both 2D and 3D MoS2 NS in methanol are examined by ab initio calculations and shown that it is correlated with vacancy formation. The hexagonal crystalline structure of MoS2 NS was determined by XRD analysis. The colloidal MoS2 NS solution presents broadband absorption edge tailoring from UV region to NIR region. Investigations of MoS2 NS show that the one step physical process of pulsed laser ablation-bulk MoS2 powder interaction in organic solution opens doors to the formation of "two scales" micron-and nanometer-sized layered and fullerene-like morphology MoS2 structures.
CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, 2011
We study the impact of the mode-locking mechanism on the performances of a microjoule-class all-n... more We study the impact of the mode-locking mechanism on the performances of a microjoule-class all-normal dispersion fiber laser featuring large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers.
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010, 2010
We report on ultrashort high-energy pulse generation from an all-normal-dispersion fiber oscillat... more We report on ultrashort high-energy pulse generation from an all-normal-dispersion fiber oscillator. The watt-level laser directly emits chirped pulses with a duration of 1ps and 163nJ of pulse energy. These can be compressed to 77fs.
We report the generation of 830 nJ energy from a mode-locked all-normal dispersion fiber laser fe... more We report the generation of 830 nJ energy from a mode-locked all-normal dispersion fiber laser featuring large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers. After external compression, 550 fs pulses with 1.2 MW peak power are demonstrated.
This chapter reviews the fundamentals and achievements of ultrashort pulse generation and amplifi... more This chapter reviews the fundamentals and achievements of ultrashort pulse generation and amplification in ytterbium-doped fibers. Compact and ultrastable passively mode-locked fiber oscillators represent an ideal seed source for high performance femtosecond fiber amplification systems, which have been scaled towards kW-level average power and pulse energies well above the mJ-level. These laser systems will have significant impact in numerous scientific and industrial applications.
Conjugated polymers are promising low-cost, lightweight, and flexible candidates for scalable pho... more Conjugated polymers are promising low-cost, lightweight, and flexible candidates for scalable photovoltaic applications to establish decarbonized energy technologies. However, they possess deficiencies in terms of their lower charge mobility and exciton diffusion length compared to their inorganic counterparts, impeding the efficient charge extraction at high active layer thickness values. In this manner, active layer composition should be tuned to improve light harvesting enabling efficient charge transport. This work presents two new approaches to achieve higher photovoltaic performance for organic photovoltaic systems; thiol modification of the polymers for improved morphological features, and incorporation of ligand-free gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon absorption into the active layer to be stabilized by the covalent interaction with the thiol side groups of the polymers. To achieve this goal, a benzoxadiazole bearing polymer (POxT) and its bromine (POxT-Br) and thiol (POxT-SH) comprising derivatives were synthesized, their electrochemical, optical, photovoltaic, and morphological characterizations were performed. For photovoltaic characterizations, conventional device architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC 71 BM/LiF/Al was utilized, where the POxT-SH showed the highest J SC and PCE values, 6.52 mA/cm 2 and 2.71%, respectively. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized via laser ablation method, and upon incorporation, the PCE value was boosted to 3.29%, with an increase of 21.4% compared to POxT-SH comprising organic solar cells.
In this paper, we investigate for the first time, the spatiotemporal dynamics of self-similar par... more In this paper, we investigate for the first time, the spatiotemporal dynamics of self-similar parabolic pulse evolution in multimode fibers (MMFs). We present numerical predictions of the existence of parabolic pulse in a graded and step index MMFs and demonstrate that the parabolic pulse formation process could have a prominent effect on the spatiotemporal behavior in both fibers. We study the effect of the input pulse energy and its initial modal composition on the resulting parabolic pulse and the corresponding spatial beam profile. When the fundamental mode is mostly excited, the pulse evolves into a linearly chirped pulse with parabolic intensity shape that propagates self-similarly in both fibers.This allows for efficient and high-quality pulse compression with sub-40 fs pulse duration. Dependence on input pulse shapes, its chirp parameter and sign towards conversion into parabolic shape are also reported. We quantify the reshaping of the parabolic pulse using the misfit parameter. We demonstrate a route to the parabolic pulse evolutions for all modes equal energy distributed initial condition. In addition, we also observe that the beam profiles of output fields could be different for same MMF with different initial pulse energy. Moreover, a spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamic, auto-selection beam of one specific mode is investigated. Thus remain spatio-temporally stable for more than a decade of the input pulse energy variation. Parabolic pulse formation process plays critical roles in these nonlinear dynamics. This approach provides another framework to understand the complex nonlinear dynamics in MMFs.
Herein, hybrid nanoparticles composed of a redemitting conjugated oligomer (COL) and gold nanopar... more Herein, hybrid nanoparticles composed of a redemitting conjugated oligomer (COL) and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were prepared through a one-pot synthetic method in which the oligomer acts as a reducing agent as well as a matrix to wrap the newly formed Au nanoparticles. These hybrid nanoparticles (COL-Au-NPs) exhibited photodynamic and photothermal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. They were also proven to possess high photostability and thermal reversibility. Dark cytotoxicity of COL-Au-NPs toward pathogens and mammalian breast cancer cells (MCF-7) reduced significantly upon complexation with cucurbit[7]uril while preserving their light-induced cytotoxic activity when irradiated with a 915 nm laser for photothermal therapy and white light for photodynamic therapy, respectively. Furthermore, these nanoparticles have cellular imaging capability because of their intrinsic fluorescence characteristics and can be used in image-guided therapy.
We numerically and experimentally study the spatio-temporal femtosecond pulse evolution in graded... more We numerically and experimentally study the spatio-temporal femtosecond pulse evolution in graded-index multimode fiber at normal dispersion regime. We report the first demonstration of geometric parametric instability sidebands generation with ultrashort pulses in the literature. OCIS codes: 060.4370, 190.0190 Novel nonlinear dynamics due to spatio-temporal pulse propagation inside graded-index multimode fiber (GRIN MMF) have attracted huge attention in the recent years. Among these phenomena, geometric parametric instability (GPI) offers unrepresented frequency shift with remarkable spatial beam shape. GPI is associated with periodic refocusing inside GRIN MMFs and theoretically predicted by Longhi [1]. Later, the proposed theory is verified by experimental studies and GPI sidebands are reported with more than 100 THz detuning from to pump frequency [2,3]. These studies focused on quasi-continues pulse evolution in GRIN MMF because of the analogy between GPI and the modulation instability thus the spatio-temporal evolution of femtosecond pulses at normal dispersion regime remains unknown. Here, we present the first experimental observation of GPI sidebands with femtosecond pulses in GRIN MMF. To gain detailed understanding, we perform numerical simulations and theoretical calculations and obtained results are well-aligned with experimental observations. We perform numerical simulations by coupled-mode analysis method [4]. We launched We launch pulses with 200 fs pulse duration, 350 nJ pulse energy at 800 nm. Even though GRIN MMF supports hundreds of modes at 800 nm, to reduce computation time, we perform a simulation with linearly polarized first six cylindrically symmetric modes for 30 cm GRIN MMF with 50 µm core diameter. The initials pulse energy is distributed among these six modes (50% in p=0, 18% in p=1, 13% in p=2, 10% in p=3, 6% in p=4 and 3% in p=5) and obtained results are presenting first GPI sidebands with 90 THz frequency offset from the central pump frequency (see Fig.1(a)). The pulse propagation equation used in the numerical calculations for the each fiber mode p is presented as:
Reducing the distance between the fluorescence molecules and noble metal (resonant) nanostructure... more Reducing the distance between the fluorescence molecules and noble metal (resonant) nanostructures is known to advance the process of electromagnetic coupling and energy transfer, which in return yields fluorescence enhancement particularly exploited for improved biomedical applications. In this study, Au-capped Si nanowhiskers (NWs) at various sizes were fabricated using a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism for systematically investigating the dependence of the size of the Au-capped Si NWs on the fluorescence enhancement factor with respect to the fluorescence emission from Rhodamine 6G (Rh-6G) fluorophore. Opposite to what is anticipated from the literature, the maximum enhancement was obtained for the sample for which the Aunanoparticle (NP) capping is well isolated from the fluorophore and the vertical distance between the fluorophore and the plasmonic metal nanoparticle is largest. Numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM) were shown to support the experimental optical response results. Four-point probe I-V measurements also show that the Schottky ideality factor of Aucapped Si NWs decays exponentially upon the rise in the fluorescence enhancement factor.
Carbon is an essential element in human life and recently becoming technologically prominent due ... more Carbon is an essential element in human life and recently becoming technologically prominent due to the emerging field of “Carbononics”. We demonstrate organic carbon quantum dots (qdots) containing nitrile bonded (C≡N bond) d‐glucose‐like traces in various sizes obtained from wheat flour to be promising for imaging applications and to possess a relaxor ferroelectric property and an enhanced electrocatalytic activity that could reduce the cost of energy devices and simple to scale up for the commercialization. The secondary electron microscopy (SEM) imaging shows that the particle size of carbon qdots can be controlled via the sonication exposure time. Elemental analysis and vibrational spectroscopy results show that carbon qdots are sensitive to N2 gas in the atmosphere and could weaken its “carbogenic” property by making a stable C≡N bond at ambient atmosphere. Rietveld analysis and HR‐TEM studies demonstrate that the structure of the C qdots was found to fit best with an acentric...
Synthesis and characterization of a novel toughener–compatibilizer for polypropylene (PP)–montmor... more Synthesis and characterization of a novel toughener–compatibilizer for polypropylene (PP)–montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were conducted to provide enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks were synthetically grafted onto maleic anhydride‐grafted polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene/butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS‐g‐MA). Special attention was paid to emphasize the effect of PEO‐grafted SEBS (SEBS‐g‐PEO) against SEBS‐g‐MA on morphology, static/dynamic mechanical properties and surface hydrophilicity of the resultant blends and nanocomposites. It was found that the silicate layers of neat MMT are well separated by PEO chains chemically bonded to nonpolar SEBS polymer without needing any organophilic modification of the clay as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. From scanning electron microscopy analyses, elastomeric domains interacting with MMT layers via PEO sites were found to be distributed in the PP m...
The following addition should be made to the caption of figure 1: 'Reproduced with permission fro... more The following addition should be made to the caption of figure 1: 'Reproduced with permission from Electrochem. Soc. Trans., 66 (40) 9-16 (2015). Copyright 2015, The Electrochemical Society.' The figure in ECS Transactions is showing a schematic of n-i-p a-Si:H solar cell structure which is modified to show a schematic of c-Si HIT solar cell structure in this work. The following addition should be made to the caption of figure 2: 'Reproduced with permission from Electrochem. Soc. Trans., 66 (40) 9-16 (2015). Copyright 2015, The Electrochemical Society.' The figure in ECS Transactions is only showing TEM image of InN nanoparticles and in this work information about nanoparticle size distribution has been added to the TEM image as inset.
Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society The formation of Colloidal 2D/3D... more Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society The formation of Colloidal 2D/3D MoS2 Nanostructures in Organic Liquid Environment 1 ENGIN DURGUN, H. SENER SEN, TUGBA OZ-TAS, BULEND ORTAC, Bilkent University-UNAM-2D MoS2 nanosheets (2D MoS2 NS) and fullerene-like MoS2 nanostructures (3D MoS2 NS) with varying sizes are synthesized by nanosecond laser ablation of hexagonal crystalline 2H-MoS2 powder in methanol. Structural, chemical, and optical properties of MoS2 NS are characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and UV/VIS/NIR absorption spectroscopy techniques. Results of structural analysis show that the obtained MoS2 NS mainly present layered morphology from micron to nanometer surface area. Detailed analysis of the product also proves the existence of inorganic polyhedral fullerene-like 3D MoS2 NS generated by pulsed laser ablation in methanol. The possible factors which may lead to formation of both 2D and 3D MoS2 NS in methanol are examined by ab initio calculations and shown that it is correlated with vacancy formation. The hexagonal crystalline structure of MoS2 NS was determined by XRD analysis. The colloidal MoS2 NS solution presents broadband absorption edge tailoring from UV region to NIR region. Investigations of MoS2 NS show that the one step physical process of pulsed laser ablation-bulk MoS2 powder interaction in organic solution opens doors to the formation of "two scales" micron-and nanometer-sized layered and fullerene-like morphology MoS2 structures.
CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, 2011
We study the impact of the mode-locking mechanism on the performances of a microjoule-class all-n... more We study the impact of the mode-locking mechanism on the performances of a microjoule-class all-normal dispersion fiber laser featuring large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers.
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010, 2010
We report on ultrashort high-energy pulse generation from an all-normal-dispersion fiber oscillat... more We report on ultrashort high-energy pulse generation from an all-normal-dispersion fiber oscillator. The watt-level laser directly emits chirped pulses with a duration of 1ps and 163nJ of pulse energy. These can be compressed to 77fs.
We report the generation of 830 nJ energy from a mode-locked all-normal dispersion fiber laser fe... more We report the generation of 830 nJ energy from a mode-locked all-normal dispersion fiber laser featuring large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers. After external compression, 550 fs pulses with 1.2 MW peak power are demonstrated.
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