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William Doelle

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Papers by William Doelle

The Role of Future Discounting in Subsistence Decisions: The Case of Hohokam Agave Bajada Cultivation

Journal of Field Archaeology, Nov 17, 2018

This article demonstrates the relevance of future discounting behavior to studies of prehistoric ... more This article demonstrates the relevance of future discounting behavior to studies of prehistoric subsistence strategies. The case study of Agave spp. bajada cultivation among the Classic Period, A.D. 1150-1450, Hohokam of southern Arizona illustrates how slight discounting of future rewards can significantly alter agriculture investment strategies. Despite a higher kcal/hour return than maize agriculture, agave cultivation lessened or ceased in several communities during a time in which intensification would be predicted due to inferred subsistence stress. We surmise the decade-long maturation of agave made it unattractive relative to more immediate return resources in any context that presented risks to land tenure. The cessation of agave cultivation can be understood on two levels of explanation. The long-term investments required by agave and tendency to discount future rewards are the ultimate causes. Political and social instability during the tumultuous Classic period, causing increased insecurity in land tenure, are the proximal causes.

Recent Research On Tucson Basin Prehistory: Proceedings Second Tucson Basin Conference

The study of Tucson's prehistory has been pursued with an unprecedented intensity in recent y... more The study of Tucson's prehistory has been pursued with an unprecedented intensity in recent years, and it seemed essential that the new results that were emerging be shared on a broader basis. This volume is the outcome of papers prepared for the Second Tucson Basin Conference in conjunction with the 1986 fall meeting of the Arizona Archaeological Council.

The Tucson Basin During the Protohistoric Period

The Kiva, Mar 1, 1984

Preparing for Work in the Billion-Dollar CRM Industry

Anthropology News, Apr 1, 2009

Cultural Resources Priority Area Planning in Sub-Mogollon Arizona and New Mexico

Advances in Archaeological Practice, Nov 1, 2013

Regional planning is an essential element of comprehensive archaeological management programs. Mo... more Regional planning is an essential element of comprehensive archaeological management programs. Most regional planning efforts in archaeology focus on predictive modeling to distinguish areas based on the likelihood of encountering archaeological resources. We discuss a complementary approach that uses known sites and expert opinion to identify spatially explicit cultural resource preservation priorities. Loosely analogous to biodiversity conservation planning, priority cultural resource assessments provide an evolving vision of an archaeological reserve network which, if managed appropriately, could protect a significant part of our cultural heritage. We outline an efficient approach to identifying spatially explicit Priority Areas within portions of Arizona and New Mexico. This information complements assessments of individual site eligibility for purposes of listing on the National Register of Historic Places by providing an added layer of regionally contextualized information at larger geographic scales. By establishing priorities, this information can also enhance cultural resource considerations in local, state, and federal land use planning. While our consideration of significance is based on the potential information content of the resource, we argue that this planning process can easily incorporate other cultural resource values and help to address preservation actions in support of this broader set of values.

Hohokam Origins

The Kiva, 1995

... Dean (1991:69) argued that the only reason he reworked the Hohokam archaeomagnetic and radioc... more

Guest Editor’s Note

The Kiva, Dec 1, 2009

Classic period platform mound systems in southern Arizona

The Mimbres Foundation in the History of Nonprofit Archaeology

Research Design for the Roosevelt Community Development Study

Laws, Dollars, And Scholars: The Business Of Hohokam Archaeology

Fostering Collaborative Synthetic Research in Archaeology

Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2018

ABSTRACTWhile our fascination with understanding the past is sufficient to warrant an increased f... more ABSTRACTWhile our fascination with understanding the past is sufficient to warrant an increased focus on synthesis, solutions to important problems facing modern society require understandings based on data that only archaeology can provide. Yet, even as we use public monies to collect ever-greater amounts of data, modes of research that can stimulate emergent understandings of human behavior have lagged behind. Consequently, a substantial amount of archaeological inference remains at the level of the individual project. We can more effectively leverage these data and advance our understandings of the past in ways that contribute to solutions to contemporary problems if we adapt the model pioneered by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis to foster synthetic collaborative research in archaeology. We propose the creation of the Coalition for Archaeological Synthesis coordinated through a U.S.-based National Center for Archaeological Synthesis. The coalition will b...

Chapter 11. Anthropology Is Essential to Private Sector Archaeology

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 2008

Desert resources and Hohokam subsistence: the Conoco Florence project

Bears Ears National Monument: Advocating to Protect Heritage on a Landscape Scale

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Apr 7, 2023

Research Design: Papago Water Supply Project: Class III Archaeological Survey for Schuk Toak and San Xavier Districts

As a result of the Southern Arizona Water Rights Settlement Act of 1982, part of the water that w... more As a result of the Southern Arizona Water Rights Settlement Act of 1982, part of the water that will be delivered to southern Arizona via the Central Arizona Project (CAP) aqueducts is allotted to the Papago Indian Reservation along with 28,200 acre-feet of water from other sources, Franzoy-Corey Engineers and Architects of Phoenix has been selected by the Papago Tribe as principal engineers for planning irrigated-agricultural developments on the Schuk Toak and San Xavier districts of the reservation. The goal of the planning effort is to design for the beneficial use of Settlement Act water by the tribe while alleviating any adverse environmental impacts. This endeavor is referred to as the Papago Water Supply (PWS) project. As part of the planning process, Franzoy-Corey has subcontracted with the Institute for American Research for a Class III cultural resource survey of PWS study areas in both of these reservation districts. Archaeological survey will cover 6880 acres (10.75 square miles) of proposed agricultural development land on the Garcia Strip, located within the Schuk Toak District, and 14,400 acres (22.5 square miles) on the San Xavier District. In addition, a 136-acre (2.2-mile X 1000-foot) corridor of delivery pipeline right-of-way east of the Schuk Toak will be surveyed. Information provided by the Institute will be used by the two districts and Franzoy-Corey to determine the most suitable locations for agricultural development.

Archaeological Investigations for the Menlo Park Storm Drain Project: Prehistoric and Historic Canal Systems at the Base of A-Mountain

The Menlo Park Storm Drain and Reclaimed Water Main Project was designed by the City of Tucson to... more The Menlo Park Storm Drain and Reclaimed Water Main Project was designed by the City of Tucson to alleviate flooding in the residential neighborhood. As part of the City's planning process, Desert Archaeology, Inc. performed an archaeological survey and records check of the project area (Freeman 1995). On the basis of this preliminary work, Desert Archaeology recommended that an archaeological testing program be initiated to determine if significant cultural resources were present beneath the surface of the project area. That testing took place during June, July, and August of 1995. The following report summarizes the results of archaeological testing and the history of land use along this portion of the Santa Cruz River floodplain. A major focus of this research included the identification and analysis of prehistoric canals found in the project right-of-way. The assessment of canals in the Menlo Park project area is supplemented with the results of two other Desert Archaeology ...

Letter Report: Archaeological Survey of 20 acres in the Old Fort Lowell Neighborhood

Letter report from the Institute for American Research to Cella Barr Associates detailing the com... more Letter report from the Institute for American Research to Cella Barr Associates detailing the completion of archaeological survey of 20 acres in the Old Fort Lowell Neighborhood, on March 26, 1984. The entire project area had been previously developed for agricultural purposes. These land modifications included land grading, plowing and cultivation of fields, construction of water ditches, a reservoir, three houses, a horse barn, two silage pits, silos, and corrals. As a result of the survey, no prehistoric or historic sites were encountered within the project area. However, three isolated flakes, one Hohokam plainware sherd, and scattered historic trash items were found in several locations. Remnants of the Bingham-Cole and Corbett (Douglass) ditches are present on the property as well as two silos and a reservoir. These historic features are most likely attributed to the Mormon diary farming effort begun at about the turn of the 20th century.

The Pima County Archaeological Inventory Project

The Pima County Inventory Project was carried out by the Institute for American Research under a ... more The Pima County Inventory Project was carried out by the Institute for American Research under a contract with the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). Three major tasks were called out in the original scope of work. They are briefly summarized here. 1. Compile all existing data on archaeological surveys and archaeological sites in Pima County. These data are to be plotted on USGS maps of Pima County, and any sites not already in AZSITE are to be coded on appropriate forms. 2. Assess existing data for the Tucson Basin subarea only. This assessment will identify major historic contexts for the subarea and will describe them on appropriate forms. Priorities for National Register nominations will be specified, and areas where current information is deficient will be identified. Also, the utility of historic contexts for preservation planning will be evaluated and recommendations for improvements will be developed. 3. Prepare a report that describes the project and its res...

The Valencia Site Testing Project: Mapping, Intensive Surface Collecting, and Limited Trenching Of a Hohokam Ballcourt Village in the Southern Tucson Basin

Mapping, surface collection, and testing at the Valencia site (AZ BB:13:15 [ASM]), a large prehis... more Mapping, surface collection, and testing at the Valencia site (AZ BB:13:15 [ASM]), a large prehistoric Hohokam village in the Tucson Basin, provided a wealth of new and significant information. More than 20,000 artifacts were recovered through controlled collection. These data allowed for a more precise reconstruction of the site chronology and structure, and indicated that the Valencia site was initially occupied during the Snaketown phase and continued through the Early Rincon subphase. Occupation drastically decreased during the Middle Rincon subphase and the site was essentially abandoned by the Late Rincon subphase. An isolated and discrete component in the southern section of the site was tested through backhoe trench excavation to determine the significance of this area and the location of the southern site boundary. Twenty-six subsurface features were recorded in trenches spaced 50 m apart. These included 20 pithouses and it is estimated that the southern component contained...

The Role of Future Discounting in Subsistence Decisions: The Case of Hohokam Agave Bajada Cultivation

Journal of Field Archaeology, Nov 17, 2018

This article demonstrates the relevance of future discounting behavior to studies of prehistoric ... more This article demonstrates the relevance of future discounting behavior to studies of prehistoric subsistence strategies. The case study of Agave spp. bajada cultivation among the Classic Period, A.D. 1150-1450, Hohokam of southern Arizona illustrates how slight discounting of future rewards can significantly alter agriculture investment strategies. Despite a higher kcal/hour return than maize agriculture, agave cultivation lessened or ceased in several communities during a time in which intensification would be predicted due to inferred subsistence stress. We surmise the decade-long maturation of agave made it unattractive relative to more immediate return resources in any context that presented risks to land tenure. The cessation of agave cultivation can be understood on two levels of explanation. The long-term investments required by agave and tendency to discount future rewards are the ultimate causes. Political and social instability during the tumultuous Classic period, causing increased insecurity in land tenure, are the proximal causes.

Recent Research On Tucson Basin Prehistory: Proceedings Second Tucson Basin Conference

The study of Tucson's prehistory has been pursued with an unprecedented intensity in recent y... more The study of Tucson's prehistory has been pursued with an unprecedented intensity in recent years, and it seemed essential that the new results that were emerging be shared on a broader basis. This volume is the outcome of papers prepared for the Second Tucson Basin Conference in conjunction with the 1986 fall meeting of the Arizona Archaeological Council.

The Tucson Basin During the Protohistoric Period

The Kiva, Mar 1, 1984

Preparing for Work in the Billion-Dollar CRM Industry

Anthropology News, Apr 1, 2009

Cultural Resources Priority Area Planning in Sub-Mogollon Arizona and New Mexico

Advances in Archaeological Practice, Nov 1, 2013

Regional planning is an essential element of comprehensive archaeological management programs. Mo... more Regional planning is an essential element of comprehensive archaeological management programs. Most regional planning efforts in archaeology focus on predictive modeling to distinguish areas based on the likelihood of encountering archaeological resources. We discuss a complementary approach that uses known sites and expert opinion to identify spatially explicit cultural resource preservation priorities. Loosely analogous to biodiversity conservation planning, priority cultural resource assessments provide an evolving vision of an archaeological reserve network which, if managed appropriately, could protect a significant part of our cultural heritage. We outline an efficient approach to identifying spatially explicit Priority Areas within portions of Arizona and New Mexico. This information complements assessments of individual site eligibility for purposes of listing on the National Register of Historic Places by providing an added layer of regionally contextualized information at larger geographic scales. By establishing priorities, this information can also enhance cultural resource considerations in local, state, and federal land use planning. While our consideration of significance is based on the potential information content of the resource, we argue that this planning process can easily incorporate other cultural resource values and help to address preservation actions in support of this broader set of values.

Hohokam Origins

The Kiva, 1995

... Dean (1991:69) argued that the only reason he reworked the Hohokam archaeomagnetic and radioc... more

Guest Editor’s Note

The Kiva, Dec 1, 2009

Classic period platform mound systems in southern Arizona

The Mimbres Foundation in the History of Nonprofit Archaeology

Research Design for the Roosevelt Community Development Study

Laws, Dollars, And Scholars: The Business Of Hohokam Archaeology

Fostering Collaborative Synthetic Research in Archaeology

Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2018

ABSTRACTWhile our fascination with understanding the past is sufficient to warrant an increased f... more ABSTRACTWhile our fascination with understanding the past is sufficient to warrant an increased focus on synthesis, solutions to important problems facing modern society require understandings based on data that only archaeology can provide. Yet, even as we use public monies to collect ever-greater amounts of data, modes of research that can stimulate emergent understandings of human behavior have lagged behind. Consequently, a substantial amount of archaeological inference remains at the level of the individual project. We can more effectively leverage these data and advance our understandings of the past in ways that contribute to solutions to contemporary problems if we adapt the model pioneered by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis to foster synthetic collaborative research in archaeology. We propose the creation of the Coalition for Archaeological Synthesis coordinated through a U.S.-based National Center for Archaeological Synthesis. The coalition will b...

Chapter 11. Anthropology Is Essential to Private Sector Archaeology

Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 2008

Desert resources and Hohokam subsistence: the Conoco Florence project

Bears Ears National Monument: Advocating to Protect Heritage on a Landscape Scale

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Apr 7, 2023

Research Design: Papago Water Supply Project: Class III Archaeological Survey for Schuk Toak and San Xavier Districts

As a result of the Southern Arizona Water Rights Settlement Act of 1982, part of the water that w... more As a result of the Southern Arizona Water Rights Settlement Act of 1982, part of the water that will be delivered to southern Arizona via the Central Arizona Project (CAP) aqueducts is allotted to the Papago Indian Reservation along with 28,200 acre-feet of water from other sources, Franzoy-Corey Engineers and Architects of Phoenix has been selected by the Papago Tribe as principal engineers for planning irrigated-agricultural developments on the Schuk Toak and San Xavier districts of the reservation. The goal of the planning effort is to design for the beneficial use of Settlement Act water by the tribe while alleviating any adverse environmental impacts. This endeavor is referred to as the Papago Water Supply (PWS) project. As part of the planning process, Franzoy-Corey has subcontracted with the Institute for American Research for a Class III cultural resource survey of PWS study areas in both of these reservation districts. Archaeological survey will cover 6880 acres (10.75 square miles) of proposed agricultural development land on the Garcia Strip, located within the Schuk Toak District, and 14,400 acres (22.5 square miles) on the San Xavier District. In addition, a 136-acre (2.2-mile X 1000-foot) corridor of delivery pipeline right-of-way east of the Schuk Toak will be surveyed. Information provided by the Institute will be used by the two districts and Franzoy-Corey to determine the most suitable locations for agricultural development.

Archaeological Investigations for the Menlo Park Storm Drain Project: Prehistoric and Historic Canal Systems at the Base of A-Mountain

The Menlo Park Storm Drain and Reclaimed Water Main Project was designed by the City of Tucson to... more The Menlo Park Storm Drain and Reclaimed Water Main Project was designed by the City of Tucson to alleviate flooding in the residential neighborhood. As part of the City's planning process, Desert Archaeology, Inc. performed an archaeological survey and records check of the project area (Freeman 1995). On the basis of this preliminary work, Desert Archaeology recommended that an archaeological testing program be initiated to determine if significant cultural resources were present beneath the surface of the project area. That testing took place during June, July, and August of 1995. The following report summarizes the results of archaeological testing and the history of land use along this portion of the Santa Cruz River floodplain. A major focus of this research included the identification and analysis of prehistoric canals found in the project right-of-way. The assessment of canals in the Menlo Park project area is supplemented with the results of two other Desert Archaeology ...

Letter Report: Archaeological Survey of 20 acres in the Old Fort Lowell Neighborhood

Letter report from the Institute for American Research to Cella Barr Associates detailing the com... more Letter report from the Institute for American Research to Cella Barr Associates detailing the completion of archaeological survey of 20 acres in the Old Fort Lowell Neighborhood, on March 26, 1984. The entire project area had been previously developed for agricultural purposes. These land modifications included land grading, plowing and cultivation of fields, construction of water ditches, a reservoir, three houses, a horse barn, two silage pits, silos, and corrals. As a result of the survey, no prehistoric or historic sites were encountered within the project area. However, three isolated flakes, one Hohokam plainware sherd, and scattered historic trash items were found in several locations. Remnants of the Bingham-Cole and Corbett (Douglass) ditches are present on the property as well as two silos and a reservoir. These historic features are most likely attributed to the Mormon diary farming effort begun at about the turn of the 20th century.

The Pima County Archaeological Inventory Project

The Pima County Inventory Project was carried out by the Institute for American Research under a ... more The Pima County Inventory Project was carried out by the Institute for American Research under a contract with the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). Three major tasks were called out in the original scope of work. They are briefly summarized here. 1. Compile all existing data on archaeological surveys and archaeological sites in Pima County. These data are to be plotted on USGS maps of Pima County, and any sites not already in AZSITE are to be coded on appropriate forms. 2. Assess existing data for the Tucson Basin subarea only. This assessment will identify major historic contexts for the subarea and will describe them on appropriate forms. Priorities for National Register nominations will be specified, and areas where current information is deficient will be identified. Also, the utility of historic contexts for preservation planning will be evaluated and recommendations for improvements will be developed. 3. Prepare a report that describes the project and its res...

The Valencia Site Testing Project: Mapping, Intensive Surface Collecting, and Limited Trenching Of a Hohokam Ballcourt Village in the Southern Tucson Basin

Mapping, surface collection, and testing at the Valencia site (AZ BB:13:15 [ASM]), a large prehis... more Mapping, surface collection, and testing at the Valencia site (AZ BB:13:15 [ASM]), a large prehistoric Hohokam village in the Tucson Basin, provided a wealth of new and significant information. More than 20,000 artifacts were recovered through controlled collection. These data allowed for a more precise reconstruction of the site chronology and structure, and indicated that the Valencia site was initially occupied during the Snaketown phase and continued through the Early Rincon subphase. Occupation drastically decreased during the Middle Rincon subphase and the site was essentially abandoned by the Late Rincon subphase. An isolated and discrete component in the southern section of the site was tested through backhoe trench excavation to determine the significance of this area and the location of the southern site boundary. Twenty-six subsurface features were recorded in trenches spaced 50 m apart. These included 20 pithouses and it is estimated that the southern component contained...