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利用者:Saico tan/sandbox/3

学位を授与された動物の一覧は、教育機関から学位を与えられた人間以外の動物の一覧である。この一覧には、ディプロマミル[注釈 1]の疑いがある団体から卒業証書を授与された動物が含まれている。信頼できる情報源で報告されているように、動物が入学を許可され、学位が授与されることがあり、しばしば、授与機関の基準の甘さや不正行為を明確に証明するための道具として使われる。一例として、ネコに与えられた学位が、その学位を授与した教育機関に対する詐欺告発の成功につながったこともある（後述）。

例えば、UNSWがイヌに「dogtorate」[注釈 2]を授与するなど[1]認定機関がユーモラスな目的で動物に模擬的な学位を授与することもあるが、このような例は以下に含まれていない。

ネコ

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コルビー・ノーラン (MBA)

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ネコのコルビー・ノーランは、ダラスを拠点とするディプロマミルであるトリニティ・サザン大学（Trinity Southern University）から2004年にMBAを授与され、ペンシルベニア州司法長官事務所による詐欺訴訟のきっかけになった[2]。

コルビー・ノーランは副司法長官と同居していた。トリニティ・サザン大学の詐欺を暴くために、覆面捜査官は当時6歳のネコを299ドルで経営学の学士号を取得させた。申請書には、このネコは以前コミュニティ・カレッジで授業を受け、ファーストフード店で働き、ベビーシッターをし、新聞配達をしていたと書かれていた。これを受けて、教育機関はコルビーに対し、申請書に記載された職歴により、100ドルの追加で取得できるエグゼクティブMBAの資格があると伝えた。代理人から提出された成績証明書には、コルビーのGPAは3.5と記されていた。

このネコが学位を受け取ったことを知ったペンシルバニア州のジェリー・パパート司法長官は、トリニティ・サザン大学を相手取って訴訟を起こした[3]。訴訟の中でパパート司法長官は、電子メールのスパムを利用して学位を販売していたディプロマミルに対し、学位を注文した者に返還するよう求めた。

2004年12月、テキサス州司法長官は、トリニティ・サザン大学とその所有者であるクレイグ・B・ポーとアルトン・S・ポーに対して、テキサス州の「欺瞞的取引慣行法」に基づく一時的禁止命令を取得し、裁判所は同校の資産凍結を命じた[4]。2005年3月、ポー夫妻は裁判所から10万ドル以上の罰金を課され、詐欺的で標準以下の学位プログラムを販売・宣伝したり、自分たちの大学が認可を受けている、または正規の大学と提携しているように見せかけたりしないよう命じられた[5][6]。ポー夫妻はウェスリアン国際大学やプリオ・サザン大学とも関係があると報告された[6]。トリニティ・サザン大学のウェブサイトは2005年以降オフラインになっている[7]。

George (registration for practice as a hypnotherapist)

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George

In 2009, George, a cat owned by Chris Jackson (presenter of the BBC show Inside Out North East & Cumbria), was registered as a hypnotherapist after his owner created a fake certificate from a non-existing institution and used it to register with three professional organizations: the British Board of Neuro Linguistic Programming, the United Fellowship of Hypnotherapists, and the Professional Hypnotherapy Practitioner Association.[8]

Kitty O'Malley (high school diploma)

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In 1973, the Lakeland, Florida newspaper The Ledger obtained a high school diploma from "Washington High Academy" for Kitty O'Malley, a cat also known as Spanky. While the diploma was deemed insufficient to gain Kitty admission to local colleges, the state attorney general's office planned to investigate the institution.[9]

Oliver Greenhalgh (fellowship of estate valuation professional society)

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On December 10, 1967, The Times reported that Oliver Greenhalgh had been accepted as a fellow of the English Association of Estate Agents and Valuers, after a payment of eleven guineas (his two references were not verified). Oliver was a cat belonging to Michael Greenhalgh, a cameraman with Television Wales and the West, who was pursuing an investigation of bogus professional associations.[10][11]

Oreo Collins (high school diploma)Oreo Collins

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Oreo C. Collins (born around 2007) is a tuxedo cat who gained notoriety when she received a diploma from Jefferson High School Online in 2009, although her age was misrepresented in order to qualify.[12] The sting was an investigative operation by the Better Business Bureau of Central Georgia headed by Kelvin Collins, Oreo's owner.[13]

Zoe D. Katze (psychotherapist and hypnotherapy certifications)Zoe D. Katze

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Zoe D. Katze ("Zoe the Cat" in German) was a house cat owned by psychologist Steve K. D. Eichel. Around 2001, Eichel obtained a psychotherapy certification for his cat from the American Psychotherapy Association and several hypnotherapy credentials from other organizations.[14][8] The certification of Zoe has been cited in several books and articles on credentialing scams, and has appeared in psychology and forensic curricula. Eichel also served as the consultant to the BBC investigation that led to the certification of George the cat by several UK hypnosis associations.[8]

Dogs

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Chester Ludlow (MBA)

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In 2009, Chester Ludlow, a pug from Vermont, was awarded an MBA by Rochville University. His owner submitted an application and US$499 and received a "diploma, two sets of transcripts, a certificate of distinction in finance, and a certificate of membership in the student council".[15]

Lulu (college diploma)

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In 2010, Mark Howard, a member of the legal team for the claimants (BSkyB) in BSkyB Ltd & Anor v HP Enterprise Services UK Ltd & Anor [2010][16] obtained a degree for his dog Lulu from Concordia College in the US Virgin Islands. Lulu "graduated" with higher marks than the defendant's key witness, who, the judge found, had lied that he had attended classes for his Concordia MBA.[17][18] In the legal community, the story of the witness' MBA is described as "infamous",[19] and a supervisory management cautionary tale.[20]

Maxwell Sniffingwell (theriogenology/animal reproduction degree)

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In 2009, Dr. Ben Mays, a veterinarian in Clinton, Arkansas, obtained a degree in "theriogenology/animal reproduction" from Belford University on behalf of an English bulldog named Maxwell Sniffingwell. The application included his work as a reproductive specialist, noting his "natural ability in theriogenology" and "experimental work with felines" and his understanding of the merits of specialization despite a desire to "'do them all'". He obtained a diploma, transcript and letter of recommendation upon receipt of a payment of $549 to the university, but declined an offer to be made an honors graduate for an additional $75.[21]

Molly (high school diploma)

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In February 2012, in a story on local diploma mills by Houston television station KHOU, the reporters got a high school diploma and official transcript from Lincoln Academy for their photographer's basset hound Molly for $300 after filling out a "laughable", "easy take-home test".[22] According to a homeschooling advocate, Lincoln Academy and other schools were improperly taking advantage of a Texas law that prohibits discrimination by public colleges and universities against homeschooled students.[22]

Ollie (associate editorship of medical journals)

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In 2017, Mike Daube, a public health expert in Western Australia, reinvented his dog Ollie as Dr. Olivia Doll. He made up credentials including "past associate of the Shenton Park Institute for Canine Refuge Studies" (where she was a rescue dog) and submitted her application for posts on the editorial boards of some predatory medical journals. Several accepted her application, and the Global Journal of Addiction and Rehabilitation Medicine named her associate editor.[23]

Pete (MBA)

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The American University of London offered Pete, a four-year-old male short-haired Lurcher[24] in Battersea Dogs and Cats Home, London, an MBA for £4,500 without requiring any course work. The BBC current affairs program Newsnight reported in 2013 that the dog, named "Peter Smith" on the faked CV for a management consultant, was offered an MBA by the university's Accreditation of Previous Experiential Learning board based on his "made-up work experience and a fictitious undergraduate degree" just four days after applying for the course.[25]

Sonny (medical degree)

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The May 30, 2007 episode of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation comedy show The Chaser's War on Everything documented host Chas Licciardello applying online and obtaining a medical degree for his dog Sonny from the diploma mill Ashwood University. Sonny's "work experience" included "significant proctology experience sniffing other dogs' bums".[26][27] Ashwood University has since been listed as a Non Accredited Degree Supplier in the states of Michigan, Oregon, and Texas.[28]

Wally (associate's degrees)

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In 2004, the Albany, New York television station WRGB ran a report in which reporter Peter Brancato applied to and received an associate degree from Almeda University on behalf of his dog, Wally.[29][30] On the application, Brancato listed, "Plays with the kids every day ... teaches them to interact better with each other ... Teaches them responsibilities like feeding the dog." Almeda University granted Wally a "life experience" associate degree in "Childhood Development". After the report aired, Almeda University protested that Brancato perjured himself by creating a false identity using a fabricated name and date of birth. In a public statement, an Almeda University representative wrote, "He completed an application that included a background of the following: Eight-years tutoring pre-K children, curriculum design and development, teaching coping skills, and volunteer coaching".[31] In March 2008, Wally was featured in a Lake Geneva, Wisconsin mayoral campaign political cartoon, with a dialogue bubble reading, "I graduated with Bill Chesen", referring to candidate Chesen's Almeda University bachelor's degree.[32]

Other

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Algernon (goldfish)

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In 2021, environmentalist George Monbiot registered his childhood goldfish as a registered waste disposer in the UK.[33][34]

See also

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脚注

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注釈

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  1. ^ 十分な教育を施さずに金銭と引き換えに「学位」を授与すると称する教育機関・団体・業者のこと
  2. ^ 博士号を意味する「doctorate」にかけている

出典

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  1. ^ “UNSW”. www.facebook.com. 2022年2月26日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。March 3, 2019閲覧。
  2. ^ “Cat Gets MBA Degree—Kitty Also Had A 3.5 GPA”. NBC10.com Money. NBC10 (December 6, 2004). October 26, 2007時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。March 31, 2010閲覧。
  3. ^ AP (December 6, 2004). “School that awarded MBA to cat sued”. NBC News. オリジナルのOctober 5, 2013時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20131005020830/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6664906/ March 31, 2010閲覧。 
  4. ^ “Texas Freezes Assets of Online University”. Consumer Affairs (December 18, 2004). January 15, 2010時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。March 31, 2010閲覧。
  5. ^ “Internet 'university' that gave cat a diploma is fined”. Fort Worth Star-Telegram (Texas): p. 6B. (March 18, 2005). オリジナルのOctober 24, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20121024124645/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ST&s_site=dfw&p_multi=ST&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=108FBC19E2DE25B4&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM October 14, 2010閲覧。  (Paid subscription required要購読契約)
  6. ^ a b “Diploma Mill Operators Hit With Court Judgments”. Consumer Affairs. (March 18, 2005). January 15, 2010時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。March 31, 2010閲覧。
  7. ^ Trinity Southern University website history at Web Archive, showing it offline as of 2005, and the domain for sale since 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2010
  8. ^ a b c “Cat registered as hypnotherapist”. (October 12, 2009). オリジナルのNovember 20, 2020時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20201120013656/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8303126.stm November 6, 2009閲覧。 
  9. ^ Erlick, June (November 1, 1973). “No College Wants Kitty”. The Ledger. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dGwsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=evoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7174%2C124361 June 5, 2022閲覧。 
  10. ^ “Cat becomes an estate agent”. The Times (London): p. 3. (December 10, 1967) 
  11. ^ Jackson, J. A. (2010). Professions and Professionalization: Volume 3, Sociological Studies. Cambridge University Press. p. 12 (Footnote 4). ISBN 978-0-521-13647-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=QtCSaAMtWCYC&pg=PA12 
  12. ^ Collette, Christopher (August 13, 2009). “Georgia cat gets GED”. WTSP, courtesy WMAZ. October 28, 2011時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。June 2, 2013閲覧。
  13. ^ Popkin, Helen A.S. (August 14, 2009). “Clever cat earns 'high school diploma' online”. Today Money. MSNBC. August 17, 2009時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。August 21, 2009閲覧。
  14. ^ Cosgrove-Mather, Bootie (January 16, 2004). “Is Your Psychotherapist Qualified?”. Jim Acosta Reports. CBS News. December 5, 2009時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。December 4, 2009閲覧。
  15. ^ “Pug Dog Earns Online MBA in Rochville University Scam | GetEducated”. www.geteducated.com. February 3, 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。February 22, 2019閲覧。
  16. ^ “2010 EWHC 86 (TCC)”. British and Irish Legal Information Institute (January 26, 2010). July 26, 2013時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。February 1, 2010閲覧。
  17. ^ Spence, Alex (January 27, 2010). “EDS employee lied to win £50m BSkyB contract”. The Times (London). オリジナルのJuly 19, 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20120719152416/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/article7005260.ece June 2, 2013閲覧。 
  18. ^ Young, Tom (January 29, 2010). “Key EDS witness bought internet degree”. iTnews. Haymarket Media. February 10, 2010時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。March 31, 2010閲覧。
  19. ^ Jones, Simon (June 7, 2010). "United Kingdom: How The Dog With The Degree Led To A Contract Without A Cap" Archived April 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.. (Barlow Lyde & Gilbert LLP.) Mondaq Ltd.
  20. ^ Buyers, John; Choe, Caroline (March 3, 2010). "United Kingdom: BSkyB v EDS: Avoiding "Joe Galloway" Syndrome". (Stephenson Harwood). Mondaq Ltd. (要登録) Archived September 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  21. ^ Brantley, Max. “Another proud Belford U. doctor”. Arkansas Times. オリジナルのMarch 29, 2018時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20180329054232/https://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2010/10/02/another-belford-u-doctor March 28, 2018閲覧。 
  22. ^ a b Rogalski, Jeremy (February 8, 2012). “Dog gets high school diploma as so-called 'degree mills' flourish under Texas law”. KHOU TV. February 10, 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  23. ^ O'Leary,Cathy (May 21, 2017). “The Perth dog that's probably smarter than you”. PerthNow (Seven West Media). オリジナルのDecember 1, 2017時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043032/https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/the-perth-dog-thats-probably-smarter-than-you-ng-a4de0d201ce420e0302c69532a399419 November 21, 2017閲覧。 
  24. ^ “Pete the Lurcher becomes the first Battersea dog to earn a Master's degree”. Battersea Dogs & Cats Home (October 24, 2013). October 27, 2013時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。October 24, 2013閲覧。
  25. ^ “American University of London sells study-free MBA”. BBC Newsnight. BBC (October 23, 2013). October 24, 2013時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。October 24, 2013閲覧。
  26. ^ Brazao, Dale (August 31, 2008). “Big Promises, Broken Dreams”. Toronto Star. オリジナルのDecember 30, 2010時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20101230051501/http://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/Article/488313 May 29, 2010閲覧。 
  27. ^ "The Chasers War". The Chaser's War on Everything. 第2シリーズ. Episode 10. 30 May 2007. 該当時間: 3:26. 2012年9月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年6月13日閲覧。
  28. ^ “Ashwood University Accreditation Scam | Diploma Mill Police | GetEducated.com”. www.geteducated.com. March 31, 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。March 20, 2016閲覧。
  29. ^ “Degrees for Sale (transcript)”. I-Team. WRGB (February 19, 2004). March 6, 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  30. ^ Schultheis, Emily (January 30, 2010). “Degrees of doubt: PUC hire has unaccredited sheepskins”. Philadelphia Daily News. オリジナルのFebruary 2, 2010時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20100202191404/http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20100130_Degrees_of_doubt__PUC_hire_has_unaccredited_sheepskins.html June 2, 2013閲覧。  Alt URL(Paid subscription required要購読契約) Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  31. ^ "Perjury to Prove a Point?" (Press release). Almeda University. 8 February 2006. 2006年11月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年3月27日閲覧。
  32. ^ Bunge, Kayla (September 19, 2008). “No charges in Lake Geneva election flap”. Janesville Gazette (GazetteXtra). オリジナルのJuly 11, 2011時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20110711081230/http://gazettextra.com/news/2008/sep/19/no-charges-lake-geneva-election-flap/ October 17, 2010閲覧。 
  33. ^ “Britain through the looking glass: my dead goldfish is now a registered waste disposer”. The Guardian (24 December 2021). 24 December 2021閲覧。
  34. ^ “Registration CBDU414534 – Algernon Goldfish”. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 24 December 2021閲覧。


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