Bgayet : Tameẓla gar ileqman
| Ajerriḍ 53: | Ajerriḍ 53: | ||
=== Ifniqen === |
=== Ifniqen === |
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[[Tugna:Yemma_Guraya.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Yemma Guraya]] |
[[Tugna:Yemma_Guraya.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Yemma Guraya]] |
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Ifniqen llan uqbel kullec d agdud amzenzu. |
Ifniqen llan uqbel kullec d agdud amzenzu. Ɣur-sen Bgayet tella d yiwen n umkan anda zemren ad zzenzen lqecc-nsen, ad myibdalen tiɣawsiwin d imezdaɣ n tmurt, akked ubrid yelzzm-asen ad ɛeddin am wakken ad kemmlen ɣer leswaq n tmura-nniḍen, mazal yella armi d tura yiwen n lmersa afniqi deg "Azraruḥ" (yeqreb ɣer [[Adrar Ufarnu|Wedrar Ufarnu]]). |
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=== Rruman === |
=== Rruman === |
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Lqem n wass 13 Fuṛaṛ 2016 à 13:15
Talɣa:Infobox Taɣiwant n Tmurt Leqbayel
Bgayet, Vgayet : d tamanaɣt udem-is akk d usagen meqqren n tmurt n Yizwawen. S wazal n 1, 000 000 n imezdaɣ (2006) Bgayet d rruḥ (iman) n ugdud Azwaw. Sennig n teglest armi d tura, Bgayet ttmmehreged yakk imdanen i tt-izedɣen neɣ i tt-iqurben.
Amezruy
Amezruy n Bgayet iɛeddad luluf n yiseggasen, deg umezruy atrar, deg tlemmast n leɛmer akked wakud atrat; ayagi merra yennejmaɛ-d tiḥkayin akk d tumgisent ɣef yiwet n temdint i yellan akbab n wasartu n ugdud amaziɣ.
Vgayet; tunzart, d umyi, tahregt, idammen n tudert n ugdud azwaw, amarrezg-ik kečč i tt-izedɣen!
Vgayet gar lebḥer akk d igenwan, gar ass-a d uzekka, izri akk d imal. Tamurt n Yiṭij i d-t-yexttar-ren di yal zzman.
Di tazwara Bgayet tella d yiwet n tmurt i yexlan. Amdan iban-d deg Bgayet azal n 5000 n yiseggasen uqbel n lweqt-nneɣ; Homo sapiens (s tutlayt Talaṭinit, lemɛna-s: “amdan amusni” neɣ " amdan n tussna").
Numidia: deg lweqt n Numidia Vgayet ur tesɛi ara lqima meqqren imi tella tebɛed ɣef Cirta (tamanaɣt n Numidia).
Ifniqen
Ifniqen llan uqbel kullec d agdud amzenzu. Ɣur-sen Bgayet tella d yiwen n umkan anda zemren ad zzenzen lqecc-nsen, ad myibdalen tiɣawsiwin d imezdaɣ n tmurt, akked ubrid yelzzm-asen ad ɛeddin am wakken ad kemmlen ɣer leswaq n tmura-nniḍen, mazal yella armi d tura yiwen n lmersa afniqi deg "Azraruḥ" (yeqreb ɣer Wedrar Ufarnu).
Rruman
Seddaw Listiɛmar Arumani, mbeɛd lexsara n Yugurten, Bgayet tettusemma Saldae, tella d yiwet n temdint n tastaɣt n lɛesker n Roma. Saldae tesɛa azal meqqren deg temnaḍt tarumanit n Mureṭanya Caesariensis.
Tilin n Rruman deg Bgayet ur tesɛi lehna imi aḥric ameqqran n Yimaziɣen ugin-ten.
Lameɛna Irumaniyen bnan-d anagrawa n waman iwakken ad awin aman ɣer tmiwa anda i ten-ḥwaǧen yimezdaɣ Irumaniyen n Saldae. Anagrawa-ya yettusemma “aqua ducere” (aqueduc s Tefransist)
Aṭas n lbenyan Arumani i d-mazal ar tura, ur yeɣli ara, am temdint n Timgad.
Saldae tella daɣen d yiwet n temdint deg tmasiḥit i yesɛan ugar n 690 n leǧwameɛ.
Irumaniyen sxedmen-d tasertit n takrit akked n aseɣred, fkan-d tiɣermi tarumanit i wid akk i yesteɛrfen s uɣmar arumani, dɣa mbeɛd leqrun n tilin deg Tefriqt Ugafa, aḥric ameqqran n lɛesker n Roma deg Tefriqt llan d Imaziɣen, imi lxedma deg lɛesker n Roma tella d yiwen n ubrid ɣef tiɣermi tarumanit; ɣef wayagi ma ad nẓer ɣef leqbur n uḥeric ameqqran n lɛesker irumaniyen deg Tefrqit ad naf d ismawen imaziɣen i sɛan.
Iwandalen
Iwandalen rran Saldae d tamanaɣt-nsen (429-534) imi d-kecmen deg useggas n 429, Saldae tella d yiwet gar temdinin i yesɛan ccan deg umenkad Arumani ɣef wayagi lexsara-ines tella d yiwet n twaɣit ɣef ugdud Arumani.
Iwandalen ǧǧan-d aḥric ameqqran n lɛesker deg Saldae imi d asutel n tzermant mgal ayen yeqqimen deg umenkad arumani ay tella.
Di lweqt-nni imezdaɣ n Saldae llan d Ibiẓanṭiyen akked kra n Yimaziɣen kan.
Iwandalen ur dumen ara deg Bgayet imi deg useggas n 534 Ibiẓanṭiyen kecmen ɣer Saldae ssufɣen-d Iwandalen ɣer berra, steɛmren Tafriqt Ugafa.
Ibiẓanṭiyen
Amenkad Abiẓanṭi idum-d deg Tefriqt Ugafa seg 534 armi i yexser amgaru mgal Aɛraben wid-a bdan ṭrad d Listiɛmar n Tefriqt deg Lqern wis VIII (wis tmanya) (azal n 642 -705). Ibiẓanṭiyen s tzemmalt-nsen ur tɛettlen ara imi negren isutal n Yiwandalen deg Saldae. Gar tamawt, ladɣa lwandalen xesren ayen sɛan deg Tefriqt, qqimmen deg Bgayet, ɛacen gar Yimaziɣen armi ur uɣalen ur ttwaɛqalen ara merra imi d Imaziɣen tura i yellan. Ayagi merra d ayen i d-yeḍran ɣef Irumaniyen akked Ibiẓanṭiyen daɣen; ayagi d lwert aqdim n ugdud amaziɣ ur zmiren ad t-nekren.
Aɛraben
Listiɛmar aɛrab d listiɛmar i d-yeǧǧan tikta meqqren akter n wiyaḍ ɣef umezruy n Yimaziɣen. Aɛraben xellfen Ibiẓanṭiyen deg useggas n 705 armi deg uzal n 972. Listiɛmar aɛrab n tmurt n Yimaziɣen d yiwet n twaɣit i d-yellan ɣef Yimaziɣen di tazwara armi rebḥen tilelli-nsen deg lqern wiss VIII.
Takrit n Waɛraben ur tzgir ara tirrugza n Yimaziɣen, lameɛna Imaziɣen llan ɛyan imi nnuɣen aṭas n yiseggasen mgal aɛdawen i d asen-d-yezzin di yal tama, daymi xesren amgaru mgal Aɛraben.
Imaziɣen kemmlen aṭas n leqrun mbeɛd amgar-nsen mgal aɛeraben seg umkan ɣer wayeḍ, mgal yiwet n tgeldit taɛrabt ɣer tayeḍ, armi deg yiseggasen n (972–1148) imi yiwet n tgeldit tamziɣt, Iziriyen (972–1148) s timelwi n Ziri mmi-s n Mennad, teṭṭef-d tazmert deg Lezzayer. Tallit-agi tella d yiwet n tallit ur nesɛi lehna imi teččur d imenɣi akked tarkukit, Lqern wiss XI akked 13 walan-d asexdem ameqqran n tutlayt taɛrabt, imi yebda-d deg Lqern wiss XI anbaz amenyut n yiwen n udrum aɛrab i d-yekkan si Maser yettuseman Banu Hilal, daxel n wul n tmurt n Yimaziɣen.
Imi Ifaṭimiyen (yiwet n tgeldit taɛrabt i iḥekmen deg Waɛraben imi steɛmren tamurt n Yimaziɣen) wexxren-d abud-nsen ɣef Maser deg 972, mmi-s n Ziri yettusemman Buluɣin (971-984) yettwakellef-d ɣef Tefriqt Ugafa. Awexxer n tanawt taɛrabt ɣef Maser yeshel-d asnulfu n tgeldit n Yiziriyen seddaw Ḥammad mmi-s n Buluɣin imi rebḥen-d imaziɣen tanaya-nsen.
Deg 1090 Iḥemmadiyen, aferkaw n Yiziriyen, rran Bgayet d tamanaɣt-nsen; Iḥemmadiyen ḥekmen deg Lezzayer azal n lqern (1008-1152) armi nezfen ɣef ddemma n wanbaz n Banu Hilal. Deg uzal n 1152 Amussu n Tdukli (Lmuwaḥiddin s taɛrabt) ihudd tagelda n Yiḥemmadiyen.
Amussu n Tdukli
Deg uzal n lqern wiss XII, Mmi-s n Tumert (a*. 1080 - a. 1130), ccix amziɣ n lǧameɛ akked umalway n ddin yesnulfa-d tarbaɛt tamaziɣt n Amussu n Tdukli; Mmi-s n Tumert yura-d aḥric ameqqran n tektabin n ddin s tutlayt tamaziɣt.
Σebd Lmumen (1094-1163), yiwen seg yinelmaden-is i t-id-ixellfen imi yemmut, yesnulfa-d tagelda n Tdukli deg Tin Mal (tamdint deg tlemmast n tmurt n Merruk).
Tagelda n Tdukli temɣi-d armi teḥkem-d ɣef uḥric ameqqran n Tefriqt Ugafa; Merruk deg 1146, Lezzayer 1151, deg 1160 ḥekmen-d ɣef uḥric ameqqran n Tmazɣa. Deg 1163 armi d 1199, tikkelt tamezwarut deg umezruy n Tmazɣa, aḥric ameqqran n Yimaziɣen ɛacen seddaw yiwet n tgelda tamaziɣt.
Ugar n 300 n yiseggasen Izeyaniyen, aferkaw n Tgelda n Tdukli, ḥekmen-d ɣef Tmazɣa armi d 1516 imi Iɛetmaniyen kecmen ɣer Lezzayer.
Tagelda n Tdukli, ɣas akken d yiwet n tiddukla tamaziɣt ay tella, si tazwara-ines armi d taggara-ines, ur tesɛi ara leqsed n usellek n ugdud amaziɣ, imi d yiwet n tejmaɛt n ddin ay tella, ɣef wagi asexdem n tutlayt taɛrabt yettnerni deg tmurt n Yimaziɣen imi aḥric ameqqran n Yimaziɣen ttwaɛerben.
Lqern wiss XVI yeẓra-d daɣen talalit n Tmurt n Yizwawen deg tlemmast n Tefriqt, imi aḥric ameqqran n Tefriqt i yettmuqulen ɣer rrif n lebḥer yella seddaw listiɛmar aɛutmani.
Tadukli n Tmurt n Yizwawen
Tanaya n Yizwawen tɛac azal n 300 n yiseggasen armi d taslekt tafransist deg useggas n 1830.
Cwiṭ kan n yineɣmisen i d-nesɛa ɣef tallit-agi n umezruy n ugdud-nneɣ, ur neɛlim ara daɣen asmi tebda, imi ulac ikaramen ɣef wayagi. Ayen yellan mebla ccek, d wayen ixebbren iɣellaten n Yiɛetmaniyen deg tisekla-nsen akked ikaramen-nsen deg lqern 16, Izwawen ḥerzen-d ɣef tlelli-nsen azal n 300 n yiseggasen.
Yal adrum deg tmura n yizwawen yesɛa aseqqamu ameqqran n taddart-is i iḥekmen deg-s, yal aseqqamu yesɛa tajmaɛt, di tejmaɛt-agi tella yiwet n tejmaɛct ɛlayen, llan yimalwayen-nsen. Gar-asen, llan yirgazen yettwassnen aṭas deg tmura n Yizwawen imi llan d irgazen s tirrugza.
Deg 1830 Asqamu Ameqqran n Ugdud Azwaw, i iḥekmen ɣef ugdud azwaw merra, yessawel-d i ccix Amɣar ad yili d amalway n yiɛsekriyen n Tdukli n Tmurt n Yizwawen ad ḥarben mgal Fransa u ad iɛas ɣef tlelli-s.
Tirrugza n ccix Amɣar tella sennig tɣerfant-is sɣur agdud-s imi iḥureb almi d tagara ɣef wayen yesɛan ccan; tilelli n tmurt-is akked tin n ugdud-is.
Deg taggara, agdud Azwaw yexesr ɣef ddemma n lqewwa tatrart n Fransa akked lexdeɛ n ugeldun n waɛraben yettusemman Σebd Lqader imi d-yefka takbabt-is ɣef Umtawa n Tafna lwaḥid Fransa; ayagi yefka-d lweqt d lǧehd i Fransa ad tkemmel ɣef wayen yeqqimen deg lebɣi n Yizwawen.
Iɛetmaniyen
Iɛetmaniyen seddaw n timelwi n Xir Ddin d gma-s Σarruǧ i d-ixelqen atrar usamer n Lezzayer, bdan aseɣwel n tama-yagi am usutel n Yiflisen n ddunit merra. Taflist-nsen ternu, temɣi-d ɣef lqrun 1600; taflist mgal lbaburat n Lmarikan deg lebḥer-nneɣ ssebba n ṭrad n Teflist Tamezwarut, akked ṭrad n Teflist tis snat, anda mmuten aṭas n yimdanen.
Bgayet deg lweqt-nni ur tesɛi ara aṭas n lɣaci imi aḥric ameqqran n yimezdaɣ-ines llan kra d Imaziɣen akked waṭas n yiflisen d lɛesker iɛetmaniyen s twacult-nsen.
Taslekt Tafransist
Mbeɛd lexsara n ccix Amɣar, Aḥeddad, akked Faḍma n Sumer, aḥric ameqqran n yinelmaden-nsen ttwanfan ɣer La Nouvelle-Calédonie; ɣef tagara n taslekt n Fransa aṭas n lɣaci i ixesren ixxamen-nsen, akal-nsen, akked lḥerma-nsen.
Γef ayagi, azal ameqqran n lebni n Bgayet d Fransa i t-yebnan imi thudd ayen yellan uqbel n taslekt.
Fransa tebna-d lmersa n Bgayet akked tlemmast n temdint.
Fransa teqqim deg Bgayet azal n 100 n yiseggasen armi texser ṭrad deg useggas n 1962.
Bgayet n Tura
Imi irumiyen ffɣen, Izwawen kecmen ɣer tlemmast n temdint, Bgayet teẓra timeriwt tameqqrant n yimezdaɣ, ussan-agi Bgayet s lmersa-ines tella d yiwet n temdint i imeqqren deg tmurt n Yizwawen.
Tarakalt
Tella deg ugafa n twilayt n Bgayet, ɣef tafsirt agrakal dɣa tettwazger sɣur asif n Summam, taɣiwant n Bgayet tella deg iri n ilel Agrakal deg ugafa d ugmuḍ dɣa tennuled tiɣiwanin n Tuǧa deg ugmuḍ, n Asif n Ɣir deg wenẓul dɣa Buxlifa d Tala Ḥemza deg wenẓul-agmuḍ.
Tiɣiwanin n Bgayet
Llant 52 (sumset sin) n tɣiwanin n Bgayet
Tignatin n Vgayet
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Tamdint n Bgayet seddaw n wedrar n Yemma Guraya -
Lmersa n Bgayet -
Axxam n yedles "Ṭawes Ɛamruc" n Bgayet -
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"Cap Carbon" -
"Cap Carbon" -
Zegwaḍ
UL = Uqbel n lweqt-nneɣ
a = azal n
Iseddagen:
Asmel n temdint n Bgayet azwel n uzday
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/al/Almohads.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammadid
http://www.kabylia.info/index.php/Kab/Bgayet