Introduction

A wide range of built-in operators are supported by C. The use of an operation or collection of operations on a variable or set of variables is represented by the use of operators, which are symbols. To carry out particular mathematical and logical operations on operands, C has a collection of operators.

The operators are various symbols that provide instructions to a compiler for carrying out particular logical or mathematical operations. The operators are the building blocks of computer languages.

Operators In C

C operators are one of the features in C that have signs that can be applied for mathematical, relational, bitwise, conditional, or logical manipulations. There are many built-in operators in the C programming language that can be used to carry out different duties as required by the program. Operators are typically used in programs to manipulate data and variables and are included in mathematical, logical, or conditional statements.

In other terms, an operator is a symbol that instructs the compiler to carry out particular mathematical, logical, or conditional operations. It functions on a number or a variable as a symbol. For instance, the addition and subtraction operators in any C application are + and -.

Let us Understand by a simple example,

int a = 100 + 50;                  

In the above example, "+" operator is being used which is known as addition operator for adding two operands, which are adding two integers and we get a sum of 150, after adding two integers.

Use Of Operator in C

In simple terms, operators act as symbols that can be applied to any number or variable. We use it to carry out a variety of tasks, including logical, mathematical, relational, and many others. For carrying out specific kinds of mathematical procedures, a programmer must use a variety of operators. As a result, the operators' main function is to carry out different logical and mathematical calculations.

Programming languages with extensive built-in functions include C, for example. These operators are frequently used. All programming languages have these operators as very strong and practical features, and without them, the usefulness of those languages would essentially be useless. These make it very simple and effective for programmers to create the code.

Types Of Operators In C

In the C language, various operators are useful to assist a programmer to carry out various types of operations. Using these operators, we can manage a variety of operations in a program:

1. Arithmetic Operators

2. Relational Operators

3. Logical Operators

4. Bitwise Operators

5. Assignment Operators

6. Conditional Operators

7. Misc Operators

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Arithmetic Operators In C

The arithmetic operators in C language assist a user in performing mathematical as well as arithmetic procedures in a program, such as subtraction (-), addition (+), division (/), multiplication (*), remainder of division (%), decrement (-), and increment (++).

Arithmetic operators are classified into two types:

1. Binary Operators :–

   This operator operates with two operands such as +,-,*,/.

2. Unary Operators :-

   This type of operator, like ++ and -, operates with a single value (operand).

The table that follows lists all of the arithmetic operators available in the C language, as well as their individual functions.

There are two kinds of Decrement and Increment operators:

Prefix - A prefix operator is used when we use the operator before the accessible variable in a program as a prefix. The program first adds 1 and then gives the resultant value to the variable in a prefix increment operator. The program first subtracts 1 and then gives the resultant value to the variable when using a prefix decrement operator. For instance, we can write ++x and --x in the prefix form.

Postfix - A postfix operator is used when we use the operator after the accessible variable in a program as a postfix. The program first assigns the value to the variable, then adds 1, and finally allocates the resultant value in a postfix increment operator. In a postfix decrement operator, the program first gives the variable's value, then subtracts 1, and finally assigns the resultant value. For instance, we can write x++ and x-- in the postfix form..

Program for Arthematic Operators

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 25, b = 4, c;
c = a + b;
printf("a+b = %d \n", c);
c = a - b;
printf("a-b = %d \n", c);
c = a *b;
printf("a*b = %d \n", c);
c = a / b;
printf("a/b = %d \n", c);
c = a % b;
printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d \n", c);

printf("++a = %d \n", ++a);

printf("--b = %d \n", --b);

printf("a++ = %d \n", a++);

printf("b-- = %d \n", b--);

return 0;
}              

Output

a+b = 29 
a-b = 21 
a*b = 100 
a/b = 6 
Remainder when a divided by b = 1 
++a = 26 
--b = 3 
a++ = 26 
b-- = 3                     

The program's operators are +, -, and *, which calculate addition, subtraction, and multiplication, respectively. 25/4 equals 6.25 in standard math. In the above program, however, the result is 6. This is due to the fact that both values a and b are integers. As a result, the output must also be a number. As a result, the compiler ignores the word after the decimal point and displays 1 instead of 1.25 as the program output.

A modulus operator can only be used with integers. You can calculate the remainder of any integer using the modulus operator (%). The remainder is 1 when a=25 is split by b=4. If we want the division operator's result in decimal values, one of the operands must be a floating-point integer.

Relational Operators In C

Relational operators facilitate in the formation of a connection or comparison between two operands. As a result, relational operators assist us in making programme decisions, and their end outcome is either true or false. Relationship operators include (==,!=,, >, =, >=).

The table below lists all of the relational operators that C supports. Here, we presume that variables a = 5, b = 9.

Program for Relational Operators in C

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a = 5, b = 9;

   printf("%d == %d is False(%d) \n", a, b, a == b);

   printf("%d != %d is True(%d) \n ", a, b, a != b);

   printf("%d > %d is False(%d)\n ",  a, b, a > b);

   printf("%d < %d is True (%d) \n", a, b, a < b);

   printf("%d >= %d is False(%d) \n", a, b, a >= b);

   printf("%d <= %d is True(%d) \n", a, b, a <= b);

    return 0;

}                       

Output

5 == 9 is False(0) 
5 != 9 is True(1) 
 5 > 9 is False(0)
 5 < 9 is True (1) 
5 >= 9 is False(0) 
5 <= 9 is True(1)                    

Logical Operators In C

When we need to evaluate more than one condition to make a decision in the C programming language, we have three logical operators. In C, an expression having a logical operator returns either 0 or 1, depending on whether the expression returns true or false. In C program, logical operators are commonly used to make decisions.

The table below lists all of the logical operators provided by the C programming language. We are presuming that variables a = 12 and b = 10.

Program for Logical Operators in C

#include<stdio.h>    
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 10, c = 20, result;
result = (a == b) && (c > b);
printf("(a == b) && (c > b) equals to %d \n", result);

result = (a == b) && (c < b);
printf("(a == b) && (c < b) equals to %d \n", result);

result = (a == b) || (c < b);
printf("(a == b) || (c < b) equals to %d \n", result);

result = (a != b) || (c < b);
printf("(a != b) || (c < b) equals to %d \n", result);

result = !(a != b);
printf("!(a == b) equals to %d \n", result);

result = !(a == b);
printf("!(a == b) equals to %d \n", result);

return 0;
}                    

Output

(a == b) && (c > b) equals to 1 
(a == b) && (c < b) equals to 0 
(a == b) || (c < b) equals to 1 
(a != b) || (c < b) equals to 0 
!(a == b) equals to 1 
!(a == b) equals to 0                   

1. (a == b) && (c > 15) calculates to 1 because both the operands (a == b) and (c > b) are 1 (true).

2. (a == b) && (c < b) calculates to 0 because of the operand (c < b) is 0 (false).

3. (a == b) || (c < b) calculates to 1 because of the operand (a = b) is 1 (true).

4. (a != b) || (c < b) calculates to 0 because both the operand (a != b) and (c < b) are 0 (false).

5. !(a != b) calculates to 1 because the operand (a != b) is 0 (false). Hence, !(a != b) is 1 (true).

6. !(a == b) calculates to 0 because the (a == b) is 1 (true). Hence, !(a == b) is 0 (false).

Bitwise Operator In C

In C, we use bitwise operators to execute bit-level operations on various operands. It converts the operators to bit-level first, then conducts various calculations.

Bitwise operators operate on bits and are used to conduct bit-by-bit operations. The truth table for the &, ^, and | is as follows:

Assume A = 45 and B = 22 in binary form, as shown below.

A = 0010 1101

B = 0001 0110

Lets see how Bitwise works,

A&B = 0000 0100

A|B = 0011 1111

A^B = 0011 1011

Program for Bitwise Operators in C

#include
 
int main()
{
int a = 45, b = 22;
printf("Output = %d \n", a&b);
printf("Output = %d \n", a|b);
printf("Output = %d \n", ~a);
return 0;
}                     

Output

Output = 4 
Output = 63 
Output = -46                  

Assignment Operator In C

An assignment operator in a program is primarily responsible for giving a value to a variable. To give the result of an expression to a variable, use assignment operators. This operator is essential for giving values to variables." = " is the most commonly used assignment function.

The C language includes a set of shorthand assignment operators that can be used in C computing. The following table shows all of the assignment operators that the C language supports:

Program for Assignment Operators in C

#include<stdio.h>    

int main()

{

    int a = 4, b;

    b = a;
    printf("b = %d\n", b);

    b += a;
    printf("b = %d\n", b);

    b -= a;
    printf("b = %d\n", b);

    b *= a;
    printf("b = %d\n", b);

    b /= a; 
    printf("b = %d\n", b);

    b %= a;     
    printf("b = %d\n", b);

    return 0;

}                  

Output

b = 4
b = 8
b = 4
b = 16
b = 4
b = 0                   

Conditional Operators In C

The conditional statement is built using ternary or conditional operators. These are used to make decisions. A set of conditional operators "?:"

Syntax

Expression1 ? Expression2 : Expression3                  

The Operator " ?: " operates like this: Expression1 is evaluated first. If it is true, the Expression2 is assessed and becomes the expression's value. If Expression1 is false, Expression3 is evaluated and its result becomes the expression's value.

Misc Operators In C

Aside from the operators mentioned above, the C programming language implements a few other important operators, which include operators (such as?: and sizeof). The following table lists all of the miscellaneous operators accessible in the C language, along with their individual functions.

Program for Misc Operators in C

#include<stdio.h>    

int main()
{
int *ptr, b;
b = 8;

ptr = &b;

printf("Adress of b is : %d \n", *ptr);
    printf("Size of Integer b is : %d \n", (int)sizeof(b));
return 0;
}                 

Output

Adress of b is : 8 
Size of Integer b is : 4                  

Precedence of Operators in C

Operator precedence is another feature of the C computer language that determines how terms in an expression are grouped and how an expression is evaluated based on the provided expressions. Some operators have greater precedence than others, while others have lower precedence. In C, for example, the multiplication operator takes priority over the addition operator.

Conclusions

The following are the things we learned about the operator in this article:

In C, operators are symbols that are used to execute various operations. It is possible for the action to be mathematical, logical, relational, bitwise, conditional, or logical. Unary operators are classified into seven types: Arithmetic operator, Relational operator, Logical operator, Bitwise operator, Assignment operator, and Conditional operator. Except for the logical and conditional operators, which yield a boolean value, all operators return a numerical value.(true or false). '=' and '==' are not the same thing because '=' gives a value whereas '==' determines whether or not two values are equal. The presence of a precedence in the operator indicates that one operator takes precedence over another.

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