Katemera wa Hepataitisi A
Katemera wa Hepataitisi A ndi katemera amene amathandiza kupewa matenda a hepataitisi A.[1] Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu 95 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemerayu sadwala matenda a hepataitisi ndipo katemerayu amagwira ntchito m'thupi kwa zaka zosachepera 15, ndipo kwa anthu ambiri amathandiza kwa moyo wawo wonse.[2][1] Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti munthu ayenera kulandira katemerayu kawiri pa moyo wake kuyambira ali ndi chaka chimodzi. Katemerayu amaperekedwa kudzera mu jakisoni yemwe amabayidwa m'minofu.[1]
Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) limalimbikitsa kuti katemerayu ayenera kuperedwa kwa anthu onse amene ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala. Kumadera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri, madokotala salimbikitsa kuti katemerayu aziperekedwa kwa aliyense chifukwa anthu a m'madera otere amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwana cholimbana ndi matendawa m'matupi mwawo.[1] Bungwe la Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) limalimbikitsa kuti anthu onse, ana ndi akuluakulu omwe, amene angadwale ndi matendawa mosavuta azilapatsidwa katemera.[3]
Katemerayu sabweretsa mavuto alionse odetsa nkhawa. Ana 15 pa 100 aliwonse omwe apatsidwa katemerayu ndiponso hafu ya akuluakulu onse amene apatsidwa katemerayu amamva ululu pamalo amene abayidwapo kwa masiku angapo. Mitundu yambiri ya katemera wa hepataitisi A imakhala ndi mavailasi omwe agonekedwa moti sangathe kudwalitsa munthu ndipo mitundu ina ya katemerayu imakhala ndi mavailasi omwe achepetsedwa mphamvu. Amayi oyembekezera kapena anthu amene chitetezo chawo m'thupi n'chochepa sayenera kupatsidwa katemera wokhala ndi mavailasi omwe achepetsedwa mphamvu. Mitundu ina ya katemera wa hepataitisi A amaphatikizamo mankhwala amene angalimbanenso ndi hepataitisi B ndiponso amatha kusakaniza ndi mankhwala a katemera wa typhoid.[1]
Katemera woyambirira wa hepataitisi A anavomerezedwa m'mayiko a ku Ulaya mu 1991 kenako anavomerezedwa ku United States mu 1995.[4] Katemerayu ali pagulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala.[5] Ku United States mtengo wa katemerayu umayambira pa madola 50 mpaka kufika pa madola 100.[6]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines - June 2012" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 87 (28/29): 261-76. 2012 Jul 13. PMID 22905367.
- ↑ Ott JJ, Irving G, Wiersma ST (December 2012). "Long-term protective effects of hepatitis A vaccines. A systematic review". Vaccine. 31 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.104. PMID 22609026.
- ↑ "Hepatitis A In-Short". CDC. July 25, 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ↑ Patravale, Vandana; Dandekar, Prajakta; Jain, Ratnesh (2012). Nanoparticulate drug delivery perspectives on the transition from laboratory to market (1. publ. ed.). Oxford: Woodhead Pub. p. 212. ISBN 9781908818195.
- ↑ "19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)" (PDF). WHO. April 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
- ↑ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 314. ISBN 9781284057560.