The International Space Station supports a wide range of scientific activities, from looking out at our universe to breakthroughs in medical research, and is an active proving ground for technology for future moon exploration ...
Space Exploration
6 hours ago
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5
Water is misused as a weapon when infrastructure and water resources are deliberately destroyed in armed conflicts. Water resources and infrastructure are also affected by the ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine: In June 2023, ...
Environment
Mar 14, 2025
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Have you ever left a bottle of liquid in the freezer, only to find it cracked or shattered? To save you from tedious freezer cleanups, researchers at the University of Amsterdam have investigated why this happens, and how ...
General Physics
Mar 14, 2025
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Just hours after touching down on the surface of the moon on March 2nd aboard Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost 1 lander, the Southwest Research Institute-led Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder (LMS) was activated and deployed its ...
Space Exploration
Mar 14, 2025
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More than 3 billion years ago, Mars intermittently had liquid water on its surface. After the planet lost much of its atmosphere, however, surface water could no longer persist. The fate of Mars's water—whether it was buried ...
Planetary Sciences
Mar 13, 2025
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When we observe distant celestial objects, there is a possible catch: Is that star I am observing really as reddish as it appears? Or does the star merely look reddish, since its light has had to travel through a cloud of ...
Astronomy
Mar 13, 2025
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On the way to investigate the scene of a historic asteroid collision, a European spacecraft swung by Mars and captured rare images of the red planet's mysterious small moon Deimos, the European Space Agency (ESA) said Thursday.
Planetary Sciences
Mar 13, 2025
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Foraminifera are single-celled marine organisms with a calcareous shell. They not only provide evidence of past habitats, but also play an important role in sediment formation.
Plants & Animals
Mar 13, 2025
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The Smart 3D Printing Research Team at KERI, led by Dr. Seol Seung-kwon has developed the world's first technology for printing high-resolution 3D microstructures using MXene, a material known as the dream material.
Nanomaterials
Mar 12, 2025
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A trove of fossilized dinosaur footprints has been found on a slab of rock gathering dust inside an Australian school, scientists said on Wednesday.
Paleontology & Fossils
Mar 12, 2025
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In mathematics, specifically in topology, a surface is a two-dimensional topological manifold. The most familiar examples are those that arise as the boundaries of solid objects in ordinary three-dimensional Euclidean space R3 — for example, the surface of a ball or bagel. On the other hand, there are surfaces which cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space without introducing singularities or intersecting itself — these are the unorientable surfaces.
To say that a surface is "two-dimensional" means that, about each point, there is a coordinate patch on which a two-dimensional coordinate system is defined. For example, the surface of the Earth is (ideally) a two-dimensional sphere, and latitude and longitude provide coordinates on it — except at the International Date Line and the poles, where longitude is undefined. This example illustrates that not all surfaces admits a single coordinate patch. In general, multiple coordinate patches are needed to cover a surface.
Surfaces find application in physics, engineering, computer graphics, and many other disciplines, primarily when they represent the surfaces of physical objects. For example, in analyzing the aerodynamic properties of an airplane, the central consideration is the flow of air along its surface.
This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA
