Apostila Questões Hexag - NATUREZA

Ciências da Natureza e suas tecnologias
QUESTÕES
OBJETIVAS
Fuvest - 1.ª fase
Unesp - 1.ª fase
Unicamp - 1.ª fase
Enem - 2.º dia

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8HUMTXDOLĆFD©¥R
Caro aluno
ANTÍGENO é o termo utilizado na Medicina para referir-se à toda substância de origem biológica que, introduzida no organismo, provoca
a formação de anticorpo específico. Portanto, o Hexag Medicina organizou cuidadosamente esta seleção de questões para proporcionar
soluções às dúvidas que você ainda possa ter.
Esta coleção com 4 cadernos do ANTÍGENO possui quase 6 mil questões do Enem, Fuvest, Unesp, Unicamp e Uerj, com os temas de cada
disciplina que mais geram dúvidas nos estudantes. Assim, esperamos que você consiga revisitar e apreender os conteúdos que ainda não
estão fixados, tornando as resoluções das questões das provas muito mais fáceis.
Aproveite para aprimorar seus conhecimentos.
Bons estudos!
Herlan Fellini
SUMÁRIO
CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
BIOLOGIA
CITOLOGIA, HISTOLOGIA E GENÉTICA 4
EMBRIOLOGIA, FISIOLOGIA ANIMAL E HUMANA 56
ORIGEM, EVOLUÇÃO E ECOLOGIA 88
REINOS ANIMAL E VEGETAL 143
FÍSICA
ELETRICIDADE E MAGNETISMO 206
FÍSICA MODERNA, ANÁLISE DIMENSIONAL E ANÁLISE DE GRÁFICOS 246
MECÂNICA 255
ÓPTICA E ONDULATÓRIA 336
TERMOLOGIA 371
QUÍMICA
ATOMÍSTICA 396
FÍSICO-QUÍMICA 426
QUÍMICA GERAL 498
QUÍMICA ORGÂNICA 565
Biologia
Fuvest - 1.ª fase
Unesp - 1.ª fase
Unicamp - 1.ª fase
Enem - 2.º dia

.
Uerj qualificação
ANTÍGENO FUVEST (1.ª FASE)
BIOLOGIA
CITOLOGIA, HISTOLOGIA E GENÉTICA

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16 ANTÍGENO UNESP • BIOLOGIA

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ANTÍGENO UNESP • BIOLOGIA 17

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GH XPD SHVTXLVD VREUH R FRQVXPR GH GURJDV
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SUHVHQWHQRVDQJXHFRQWLGRQDVFDYLGDGHVH PXQLFtSLRGR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR
SRGHVHGL]HUTXH

D
E !
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8QHVS 2EVHUYRXVH HP XPD JHVWDQWH
GH PHVHV D H[LVWrQFLD GH XP WXPRU QD QHXUR
KLSyILVH R TXH UHVXOWRX QD LPSRVVLELOLGDGH GHVVD
UHJLmR OLEHUDU SDUD R VDQJXH RV KRUP{QLRV TXH DOL
FKHJDP

(PUD]mRGRIDWRHVSHUDVHTXH 'HQWUH DV GURJDV UHODFLRQDGDV Ki XPD TXH WHP

VLGRGHWHFWDGDHPDOJXQVDWOHWDVTXHSDUWLFLSDPGH
, TXDQGR GR SDUWR HVVD PXOKHU WHQKD TXH FRPSHWLo}HV HVSRUWLYDV H XWLOL]DGD SRU MRYHQV RX
UHFHEHU VRUR FRP RFLWRFLQD SDUD DVVHJXUDU DGROHVFHQWHV TXH FXOWXDP R FKDPDGR FRUSR
TXHRFRUUDPDVFRQWUDo}HVXWHULQDV VDUDGR7UDWDVH
,, GHSRLV GH QDVFLGD D FULDQoD GHYD VHU
DOLPHQWDGD FRP PDPDGHLUD XPD YH] TXH DV D GR HFVWDV\ SRLV PHOKRUD R GHVHPSHQKR QDV
JOkQGXODVPDPiULDVGDPmHQmRSURPRYHUmRD SUiWLFDV HVSRUWLYDV HPERUD SURYRTXH
H[SXOVmRGROHLWH DQVLHGDGH
,,, D PmH QmR SURGX]D OHLWH HP UD]mR GD QmR E GR DQDEROL]DQWH TXH QD IRUPD GH HVWHURLGHV
OLEHUDomRGHSURODFWLQDSHODQHXURKLSyILVH DXPHQWD D PDVVD PXVFXODU VHP SURYRFDU
,9 D PmH SRVVD GHVHQYROYHU XPD GRHQoD VpULRVSUREOHPDVRXGDQRVjVD~GH
FKDPDGDGLDEHWHVLQVtSLGR F GR DQDEROL]DQWH TXH QD IRUPD GH HVWHURLGHV
9 DPmHDSUHVHQWHSROL~ULDDXPHQWRQRYROXPH DXPHQWD D PDVVD PXVFXODU PDV SRGH FDXVDU
XULQiULR H JOLFRV~ULD JOLFRVH QD XULQD XPD HVWHULOLGDGHLPSRWrQFLDHGRHQoDVFDUGtDFDV
YH] TXH D FDSDFLGDGH GH UHDEVRUomR GH G GR HFVWDV\ SRLV DXPHQWD D PDVVD PXVFXODU
JOLFRVHQRVULQVpLQVXILFLHQWH HPERUDSURYRTXHGHSUHVVmR
H GD FRFDtQD SRLV DFHOHUD D FLUFXODomR H
eFRUUHWRRTXHVHDILUPDDSHQDVHP FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWHDVFRQWUDo}HVPXVFXODUHV
HPERUDSURYRTXHVpULRVHIHLWRVFRODWHUDLV
D ,,,H,9
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BIOLOGIA

8QLFDPS $V FRQFHQWUDo}HV GH DUVrQLR $V LPDJHQV D VHJXLU VmR IRWRPLFURJUDILDV TXH
QR RFHDQR VH DOWHUDUDP DR ORQJR GR WHPSR UHSUHVHQWDP HP PHVPD HVFDOD RV DOYpRORV
JHROyJLFR1RSHUtRGR3Up&DPEULDQRRVRFHDQRV SXOPRQDUHV GRV DQLPDLV GRV JUXSRV HVWXGDGRV
UHFHEHUDP JUDQGHV TXDQWLGDGHV GH DUVrQLR HP PRVWUDQGR R HVSDoR DpUHR DOYHRODU DV VHWDV
FRQVHTXrQFLD GR LQWHPSHULVPR GH PLQHUDLV UHSUHVHQWDPRQ~PHURGHFDSLODUHVDOYHRODUHV
FRQWLQHQWDLV GH VXOIHWR GH DUVrQLR 5HFHQWHPHQWH
IRUDP LGHQWLILFDGRV PLFURRUJDQLVPRV FRP
H[SUHVVmRSURWHLFDGDVHQ]LPDVDUVHQLWRR[LGDVHH
DUVHQDWR UHGXWDVH QR 2FHDQR 3DFtILFR 1RUWH
2ULHQWDO QDV ]RQDV GHILFLHQWHV GH R[LJrQLR HP
UHJL}HV SHOiJLFDV VXJHULQGR TXH D FRPXQLGDGH
PLFURELROyJLFD p FDSD] GH XWLOL]DU DUVrQLR SDUD

UHVSLUDomRFHOXODU
2 JUiILFR DEDL[R PRVWUD GDGRV TXDQWLWDWLYRV
)RQWH-DFO\Q6DXQGHUVHRXWURVPNAS:DVKLQJWRQY UHIHUHQWHV j iUHD GH HVSDoR DpUHR DOYHRODU H j
QSPDLR FRQWDJHPGHFDSLODU

$VVLQDOH D DOWHUQDWLYD TXH SUHHQFKH FRUUHWDPHQWH
DVODFXQDVQDVIUDVHVDVHJXLU

$VVLP FRPR DV IRUPDV R[LGDGDV GH QLWURJrQLR H
HQ[RIUHRDUVrQLRSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGRFRPRDFHSWRU
LBBBBBBBBBBQDUHVSLUDomRFHOXODUGHVVHVPLFUR
RUJDQLVPRV QDV ]RQDV GHILFLHQWHV GH R[LJrQLR 1R
SHUtRGR LL BBBBBBBBBB VXUJLUDP DV
FLDQREDFWpULDV RV SULPHLURV VHUHV
IRWRVVLQWHWL]DQWHV

D LILQDOGHHOpWURQVLLDUTXHDQR
E LLQWHUPHGLiULRGHHOpWURQVLLDUTXHDQR
F LILQDOGHHOpWURQVLLIDQHUR]RLFR
G LLQWHUPHGLiULRGHHOpWURQVLLIDQHUR]RLFR

8QLFDPS2XVRGHFLJDUURVHOHWU{QLFRVp
FUHVFHQWH HQWUH MRYHQV 1D FRPSRVLomR GHVVHV &RQVLGHUDQGR RV UHVXOWDGRV PHQFLRQDGRV DFLPD
FLJDUURV HQFRQWUDPRV SURSLOHQRJOLFRO JOLFHURO DVVLQDOHDDOWHUQDWLYDTXHUHODFLRQDFRUUHWDPHQWHR
iJXDQLFRWLQDHIODYRUL]DQWHVTXHVmRDTXHFLGRVH SDLQHO GD IRWRPLFURJUDILD H RV GDGRV JUiILFRV GR
YDSRUL]DGRVSDUDLQDODomR JUXSRH[SRVWRDRFLJDUURHOHWU{QLFR

8P HVWXGR IRL GHVHQYROYLGR FRP DQLPDLV D ,,%
H[SHULPHQWDLV H[SRVWRV D WUrV IDWRUHV GLVWLQWRV DU E ,,&
DPELHQWH QLFRWLQD H FLJDUUR HOHWU{QLFR &RQVWDWRX F ,,,%
VH TXH D H[SRVLomR j QLFRWLQD H DR FLJDUUR G ,,,&
HOHWU{QLFRFDXVDDXPHQWRGDiUHDGHHVSDoRDpUHR
DOYHRODU H UHGXomR GDV SDUHGHV DOYHRODUHV HP 8QLFDPS5HFHQWHPHQWHLQ~PHURVFDVRV
FRPSDUDomRFRPRJUXSRH[SRVWRDRDUDPELHQWH GH doping HVSRUWLYR IRUDP QRWLFLDGRV FRPR SRU
$GLFLRQDOPHQWH R JUXSR H[SRVWR DR FLJDUUR H[HPSOR DTXHOHV HQYROYHQGR D GHOHJDomR UXVVD
HOHWU{QLFRDSUHVHQWRXPDLRUUHGXomRQRQ~PHURGH QRV -RJRV 2OtPSLFRV GR 5LR GH -DQHLUR HP
FDSLODUHVDOYHRODUHVPHVPRTXDQGRFRPSDUDGRDR 8P GRV PpWRGRV PDLV XWLOL]DGRV QR H[DPH
JUXSR H[SRVWR j QLFRWLQD $ FRQFOXVmR LQGLFRX XP antidoping pDFROHWDHDQiOLVHGDXULQDGHDWOHWDV
SUHMXt]RPDLVVLJQLILFDWLYRSDUDDVWURFDVJDVRVDVH SDUD YHULILFDomR GD SUHVHQoD GH PHGLFDPHQWRV
SHUIXVmRGHVDQJXHSXOPRQDUQRJUXSRH[SRVWRDR SURLELGRV 2 FRPSRVWR IXURVHPLGD IRL EDQLGR SHOD
FLJDUURHOHWU{QLFR

$JrQFLD 0XQGLDO Antidoping 6XD SULQFLSDO DomR p G D FXUYD % VHQGR TXH R HL[R KRUL]RQWDO
UHGX]LU D UHDEVRUomR GH VyGLR H FORUR D SDUWLU GD UHSUHVHQWD D WHPSHUDWXUD LQWHUQD H R HL[R
DOoD GR QpIURQ DOoD GH +HQOH HP GLUHomR DRV YHUWLFDODOLEHUDomRGH &2
YDVRVVDQJXtQHRVDGMDFHQWHV
8QLFDPS2JUiILFRDVHJXLUUHSUHVHQWDD
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FRQKHFLPHQWRV VREUH D ILVLRORJLD UHQDO H D GRLV DOLPHQWRV PHVPD TXDQWLGDGH SHOD PHVPD
H[FUHomRHPVHUHVKXPDQRVpFRUUHWRDILUPDUTXH SHVVRD PDV HP PRPHQWRV GLIHUHQWHV $ OLQKD
DIXURVHPLGD SRQWLOKDGD UHSUHVHQWD R DOLPHQWR $ HQTXDQWR D
OLQKDFRQWtQXDUHSUHVHQWDRDOLPHQWR%
D GLPLQXL D SURGXomR GH XULQD LPSHGLQGR TXH
PHGLFDPHQWRVSURLELGRVVHMDPHOLPLQDGRVQDV
DPRVWUDV D VHUHP DQDOLVDGDV QRV WHVWHV
antidoping
E GLPLQXLDSURGXomRGHDP{QLDPDVDXPHQWDD
HOLPLQDomR GH PHGLFDPHQWRV SHOR ULP
UHVXOWDQGR HP GLOXLomR GDV DPRVWUDV
DQDOLVDGDVQRVWHVWHVantidoping
F DXPHQWD D SURGXomR GH XULQD UHVXOWDQGR QD
GLPLQXLomRGDFRQFHQWUDomRGHPHGLFDPHQWRV
QDVDPRVWUDVRTXHGLILFXOWDVXDGHWHFomRQRV
WHVWHVantidoping
G DXPHQWDDSURGXomRGHXUHLDRTXHUHVXOWDQD
GLOXLomRGDVDPRVWUDVDVHUHPDQDOLVDGDVQRV
WHVWHV antidoping H QD GLPLQXLomR GD
FRQFHQWUDomRGRVPHGLFDPHQWRV

$ DQiOLVH GR JUiILFR QRV SHUPLWH DILUPDU
8QLFDPS 2V HL[RV GR JUiILFR D VHJXLU FRUUHWDPHQWHTXH
UHSUHVHQWDP GXDV YDULiYHLV XPD GHODV QmR
LGHQWLILFDGD QR JUiILFR 8PD FXUYD UHSUHVHQWD D 2 DOLPHQWR % QmR DIHWD D FRQFHQWUDomR GH
DQLPDLV HQGRWpUPLFRV H D RXWUD DQLPDLV JOLFRVHQDFLUFXODomRVDQJXtQHD
HFWRWpUPLFRV E 2DOLPHQWR$QmRSRVVXLFDUERLGUDWRVHPVXD
FRPSRVLomR
F 2DOLPHQWR%DMXGDDHPDJUHFHUSRLVHVWLPXOD
DOLEHUDomRGHDGUHQDOLQD
G 2 DOLPHQWR $ HVWLPXOD D OLEHUDomR GH LQVXOLQD
QDFLUFXODomRVDQJXtQHD

8QLFDPS $R ORQJR GD HYROXomR DV
YDULDo}HVHDGDSWDo}HVQRVGHQWHVGRVPDPtIHURV
VmR QXPHURVDV H VXUSUHHQGHQWHV $ FRQIRUPDomR
GRV GHQWHV VXJHUH R FDUGiSLR SRVVtYHO GDV
HVSpFLHVVHQGRFRUUHWRDILUPDUTXH

$FXUYDTXHFRUUHWDPHQWHVHDSOLFDDRVHUKXPDQR
p

D D FXUYD $ VHQGR TXH R HL[R KRUL]RQWDO D GHQWHV GH VXSHUItFLH SODQD UHYHODP XPD GLHWD
UHSUHVHQWD D WHPSHUDWXUD H[WHUQD H R HL[R KHUEtYRUD FRPSRVWD SUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWH GH
YHUWLFDORFRQVXPRGH 2 JUDPtQHDV H VmR WtSLFRV GH RQtYRURV FXMRV
E D FXUYD $ VHQGR TXH R HL[R KRUL]RQWDO FUkQLRVVmRUHSUHVHQWDGRVQDVLPDJHQV$H%
UHSUHVHQWD D WHPSHUDWXUD LQWHUQD H R HL[R DFLPD
YHUWLFDORFRQVXPRGH 2 E RV LQFLVLYRV FDQLQRV H PRODUHV HVWUHLWRV WrP
F D FXUYD % VHQGR TXH R HL[R KRUL]RQWDO IRUPDVGLYHUVDVTXHSRGHPFRUWDURXGHVWDFDU
UHSUHVHQWD D WHPSHUDWXUD H[WHUQD H R HL[R DOLPHQWRV 2 FUkQLR UHSUHVHQWDGR QD ILJXUD $
YHUWLFDODOLEHUDomRGH &2 DFLPDVXJHUHTXHVHWUDWDGHXPFDUQtYRUR

F RV LQFLVLYRV FDQLQRV H PRODUHV HVWUHLWRV WrP GHHPHUJrQFLD$OpPGRGHVDEDVWHFLPHQWRDVHFD
IRUPDVGLYHUVDVTXHSRGHPFRUWDURXGHVWDFDU WHP SUHMXGLFDGR WDPEpP VHWRUHV FRPR D
DOLPHQWRV2VFDQLQRVSDUDSHUIXUDURXUDVJDU DJULFXOWXUDDLQG~VWULDDVD~GHHRWXULVPRGHVVDV
FRPR RV UHSUHVHQWDGRV QD LPDJHP % DFLPD FLGDGHV
VmRWtSLFRVGHFDUQtYRURV
$GDSWDGRGHKWWSQRWLFLDVXROFRPEUXOWLPDV
G GHQWHV GH VXSHUItFLH SODQD UHYHODP XPD GLHWD QRWLFLDVDJHQFLDHVWDGRVHFDID]FLGDGHV
KHUEtYRUD FRPSRVWD SUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWH GH GRLQWHULRUGHFUHWDUHPHPHUJHQFLDKWP$FHVVDGRHP
JUDPtQHDV H VmR WtSLFRV GH RQtYRURV FRPR RV
IHOLQRVUHSUHVHQWDGRVQDLPDJHP$DFLPD
8QLFDPS 2 KRUP{QLR $'+
8QLFDPS (P UHODomR j IRUPD DQWLGLXUpWLFR SURGX]LGR QR KLSRWiODPR H
SUHGRPLQDQWH GH H[FUHomR GRV DQLPDLV p FRUUHWR DUPD]HQDGR QD KLSyILVH p R SULQFLSDO UHJXODGRU
DILUPDUTXH ILVLROyJLFR GR HTXLOtEULR KtGULFR QR FRUSR KXPDQR
D SHL[HV VmR DQLPDLV DPRQLRWpOLFRV DYHV H
UpSWHLV VmR XUHRWpOLFRV H PDPtIHURV VmR D $ UHGXomR QD LQJHVWmR GH iJXD DXPHQWD D
XULFRWpOLFRV SUHVVmRRVPyWLFDGRVDQJXH2$'+DWXDQRV
E DXUHLDpDOWDPHQWHWy[LFDHLQVRO~YHOHPiJXD ULQV DXPHQWDQGR D UHDEVRUomR GH iJXD H
VHQGRDSULQFLSDOH[FUHWDGDVDYHV GLPLQXLQGRDSUHVVmRRVPyWLFDGRVDQJXH
F SHL[HV H[FHWR RV FRQGULFWHV VmR E 2 DXPHQWR QD LQJHVWmR GH iJXD DXPHQWD D
DPRQLRWpOLFRV H DYHV H UpSWHLV DGXOWRV VmR SUHVVmRRVPyWLFDGRVDQJXH2$'+DWXDQRV
XUHRWpOLFRV ULQV DXPHQWDQGR D UHDEVRUomR GH iJXD H
G DDP{QLDpDOWDPHQWHWy[LFDHQHFHVVLWDGHXP GLPLQXLQGRDSUHVVmRRVPyWLFDGRVDQJXH
JUDQGHYROXPHGHiJXDSDUDVHUHOLPLQDGD F $ UHGXomR QD LQJHVWmR GH iJXD GLPLQXL D
SUHVVmRRVPyWLFDGRVDQJXH2$'+DWXDQRV
8QLFDPS 2 HVWXGR GR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR ULQV DXPHQWDQGR D UHDEVRUomR GH iJXD H
HPEULRQiULR p LPSRUWDQWH SDUD VH HQWHQGHU D DXPHQWDQGRDSUHVVmRRVPyWLFDGRVDQJXH
HYROXomRGRVDQLPDLV2EVHUYHDVLPDJHQVDEDL[R G 2 DXPHQWR QD LQJHVWmR GH iJXD GLPLQXL D
SUHVVmRRVPyWLFDGRVDQJXH2$'+DWXDQRV
ULQV GLPLQXLQGR D UHDEVRUomR GH iJXD H
DXPHQWDQGRDSUHVVmRRVPyWLFDGRVDQJXH

8QLFDPS $ SUHVVmR SDUFLDO GR JiV 2
S2 H D GR JiV &2 S&2 IRUDP PHGLGDV HP
GXDV DPRVWUDV , H ,, GH VDQJXH FROKLGDV
VLPXOWDQHDPHQWHGHXPKRPHPQRUPDO$DPRVWUD
, WHYH S2 PP +J H S&2 PP +J
HQTXDQWR D DPRVWUD ,, WHYH S2 PP +J H
S&2 PP+J(PUHODomRDRFDVRHPDQiOLVH
pFRUUHWRDILUPDUTXH

D $DPRVWUD,FRUUHVSRQGHDVDQJXHDUWHULDOTXH

SRGH WHU VLGR REWLGR GH DUWpULD SXOPRQDU TXH
FHGH 2 SDUD DV FpOXODV FRUSRUDLV FRP EDL[D

FRQFHQWUDomRGHVVHJiV
D 2 DQLPDO $ DSUHVHQWD VLPHWULD ELODWHUDO H p
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FHORPDGR
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TXHOHYDPVDQJXHGRSXOPmRDRFRUDomR
FHORPDGR
F $ DPRVWUD ,, SRGH WHU VLGR REWLGD GH XPD
F 2 DQLPDO $ DSUHVHQWD VLPHWULD UDGLDO H p
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DRSXOPmRRQGHDS2GRDUpPHQRUTXHDGR
G 2 DQLPDO % DSUHVHQWD VLPHWULD ELODWHUDO H p
VDQJXHTXHFKHJDDHVVHyUJmR
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G $ DPRVWUD , SRGH WHU VLGR REWLGD GH YHLDV
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RSUySULRFRUDomRHRXWURVyUJmRV
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HPHUJrQFLD 8QLFDPS 3DUD VXSULUHP VXDV FpOXODV
FRP R[LJrQLR H UHPRYHUHP R JiV FDUE{QLFR GRV
$ IDOWD GH iJXD HQIUHQWDGD SHOR 6XGHVWH GR SDtV WHFLGRVRVDQLPDLVUHDOL]DPWURFDVJDVRVDVFRPR
WHPIHLWRFDGDYH]PDLVFLGDGHVGH6mR3DXORHGH DPELHQWHSURFHVVRGHQRPLQDGRGHUHVSLUDomR1D
0LQDV *HUDLV DGRWDUHP R UDFLRQDPHQWR SDUD WDEHODDVHJXLUHVWmROLVWDGRVJUXSRVGHDQLPDLV
UHGX]LURFRQVXPRGHiJXDRXGHFUHWDUHPHVWDGR HWLSRVGHUHVSLUDomR

*UXSRGHDQLPDLV
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$V UHODo}HV FRUUHWDV HQWUH RV JUXSRV GH DQLPDLV $ $
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D ,&,,$,,,%,9'
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8QLFDPS2VJUiILFRV$%H&PRVWUDP
DV YDULDo}HV GD VHFUHomR GH LQVXOLQD H JOXFDJRQ
HP IXQomR GD FRQFHQWUDomR GH JOLFRVH H DV
YDULDo}HV GD FRQFHQWUDomR GH JOLFRVH QR VDQJXH
DSyVXPDUHIHLomRULFDHPFDUERLGUDWRV

&RPEDVHQRVJUiILFRVDFLPDSRGHVHDILUPDUTXH

D VHRVQtYHLVGHJOLFRVHQRVDQJXHHVWmRDOWRV
D VHFUHomR GH LQVXOLQD DXPHQWD SDUD SHUPLWLU
TXHDVPROpFXODVGHJOLFRVHVHMDPDEVRUYLGDV
SHODV FpOXODV H RV QtYHLV GH JOXFDJRQ
SHUPDQHFHPEDL[RVSRLVQmRKiQHFHVVLGDGH
GHRJOLFRJrQLRVHUWUDQVIRUPDGRHPJOLFRVH
E R DXPHQWR GRV QtYHLV GH JOLFRVH QR VDQJXH
FDXVD XP DXPHQWR GD VHFUHomR GH LQVXOLQD H
GH JOXFDJRQ SRU FpOXODV GR SkQFUHDV SRLV
DPERV RV KRUP{QLRV FRQWULEXHP SDUD TXH DV
PROpFXODVGHDo~FDUDWUDYHVVHPDPHPEUDQD
SODVPiWLFDGDVFpOXODV
F D VHFUHomR GH JOXFDJRQ p DOWD HP LQGLYtGXRV
TXHWHQKDPVHDOLPHQWDGRGHFDUERLGUDWRGXDV
KRUDV DQWHV SRLV PXLWRV GHVVHV FDUERLGUDWRV
DFDEDP VH WUDQVIRUPDQGR HP JOLFRVH Mi FRP
UHODomRjLQVXOLQDRFRUUHXPDXPHQWRSRUTXH
RVQtYHLVGHJOLFRVHHVWmRHOHYDGRV
G DV FpOXODV VHFUHWRUDV GR SkQFUHDV HVWmR
VHPSUH SURGX]LQGR JUDQGHV TXDQWLGDGHV GH
LQVXOLQD H GH JOXFDJRQ SRLV HVVHV GRLV
KRUP{QLRV VmR UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD FDSWXUD GH
JOLFRVHGRVDQJXHSDUDDVFpOXODV

BIOLOGIA

(QHP 2 GLQLWURIHQRO '13 p $GLHWDTXHUHODFLRQDDGHTXDGDPHQWHDVIRQWHVGH
FRQKHFLGRFRPRGHVDFRSODGRUGDFDGHLDGHHOpWURQV FDUERLGUDWRiFLGRJUD[RLQVDWXUDGRHSURWHtQDpD
QDPLWRF{QGULDHDSUHVHQWDXPHIHLWRHPDJUHFHGRU
&RQWXGR SRU VHU SHULJRVR H SHOD RFRUUrQFLD GH D
FDVRVOHWDLVVHXXVRFRPRPHGLFDPHQWRpSURLELGR E
HP GLYHUVRV SDtVHV LQFOXVLYH QR %UDVLO 1D F
PLWRF{QGULD HVVD VXEVWkQFLD FDSWXUD QR HVSDoR G
LQWHUPHPEUDQDV SUyWRQV + SURYHQLHQWHV GD H
DWLYLGDGH GDV SURWHtQDV GD FDGHLD UHVSLUDWyULD
UHWRUQDQGRRV j PDWUL] PLWRFRQGULDO $VVLP HVVHV (QHP33/(PXPDDWLYLGDGHSUiWLFDXP
SUyWRQV QmR SDVVDP SHOR WUDQVSRUWH HQ]LPiWLFR QD SURIHVVRUSURS{VRVHJXLQWHH[SHULPHQWR
PHPEUDQDLQWHUQD 0DWHULDLV FRSR SOiVWLFR SHTXHQR OHLWH H VXFR GH

*581'/,1*+-HWDO'LQLWURSKHQRO'13D OLPmR
:HLJKW/RVV$JHQWZLWK6LJQLILFDQW$FXWH7R[LFLW\DQG 3URFHGLPHQWRFRORTXHOHLWHDWpDPHWDGHGRFRSR
5LVNRI'HDWK-RXUQDORI0HGLFDO7R[LFRORJ\Y SOiVWLFR H HP VHJXLGD DGLFLRQH OHQWDPHQWH
DGDSWDGR JRWDVGHOLPmR

2 HIHLWR HPDJUHFHGRU GHVVH FRPSRVWR HVWi /HYDQGRVHHPFRQVLGHUDomRDIDL[DGHS+GRVXFR
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BIOLOGIA

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$ % & %


BIOLOGIA
REINOS ANIMAL E VEGETAL

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± Está com calor? Acho que estou suando! Nem
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218 ANTÍGENO UNESP • FÍSICA

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RQGH D FRQVWDQWH HOHWURVWiWLFD p LJXDO D N
FRQIRUPHUHSUHVHQWDGRQDILJXUD

ANTÍGENO UNESP • FÍSICA 219

&RQVLGHUH 9& R SRWHQFLDO HOHWURVWiWLFR H (& R F
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UHSUHVHQWDGDHP LOXVWUDGRQDILJXUD

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Na figura vemos uma simulação do chute de Pelé.
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do solo com velocidade de 108 km/h (30 m/s), e
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Por que a cor do fogo varia de um material para
outro?
A cor depende basicamente do elemento químico
F
em maior abundância no material que está sendo
queimado. A mais comum, vista em incêndios e em
simples velas, é a chama amarelada, resultado da
combustão do sódio, que emite luz amarela quando
aquecido a altas temperaturas. Quando, durante a
combustão, são liberados átomos de cobre ou
bário, como em incêndio de fiação elétrica, a cor da
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rocha metamórfica mármore. Ambos encontram importantes aplicações industriais e comerciais. Por
exemplo, o mármore é bastante utilizado na construção civil tanto para fins estruturais como ornamentais.
Já o calcário é usado como matéria-prima em diversos processos químicos, dentre eles, a produção da cal.

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Apostila Questões Hexag - NATUREZA

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Ciências da Natureza e suas tecnologias

Fuvest - 1.ª fase

Unesp - 1.ª fase

Unicamp - 1.ª fase

Enem - 2.º dia

Unesp - 1.ª fase

Unicamp - 1.ª fase

Enem - 2.º dia

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