MOLDOVAN Andrei Bogdan - PERFORMANȚA FINANCIARĂ ÎN ADMINISTRAȚIA PUBLICĂ LOCALĂ
MOLDOVAN Andrei Bogdan - PERFORMANȚA FINANCIARĂ ÎN ADMINISTRAȚIA PUBLICĂ LOCALĂ
MOLDOVAN Andrei Bogdan - PERFORMANȚA FINANCIARĂ ÎN ADMINISTRAȚIA PUBLICĂ LOCALĂ
COORDONATOR TIINIFIC
PROF. UNIV. DR. IOAN BTRNCEA
DOCTORAND
MOLDOVAN BOGDAN ANDREI
CLUJ-NAPOCA
2015
Cuprins rezumat
Cuprinsul tezei ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Cuvinte cheie .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Introducere............................................................................................................................................. 5
Obiectivele cercetrii ............................................................................................................................. 7
Concluzii i rezultate ale cercetrii .................................................................................................... 12
Bibliografie ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Cuprinsul tezei
Lista tabelelor
Lista figurilor
Introducere
1. PERFORMANA I SECTORUL PUBLIC
1.1. Consideraii asupra performanei n sectorul public
1.2. Noul Management Public (New Public Management)
1.2.1. Caracteristici i modele ale Noului Management Public
1.2.2. Reinventarea guvernrii (Reinventing government)
1.3. Modele de reform succesoare Noului Management Public
1.4. Aspecte privind definirea i msurarea performanei
1.5. Instrumente de msurare a performanei
1.6. Modele generice utilizate n msurarea performanei
2. PERFORMANA FINANCIAR N ADMINISTRAIA PUBLIC LOCAL
2.1. Consideraii privind performana financiar
2.2. Modele de analiz a performanei financiare n administraia public local
2.2.1. Modele instituionale de analiz a performanei financiare
2.2.2. Modele i cercetri empirice ale performanei financiare n administraia public
2.3. Modele de evaluare ale ageniilor de rating
2.3.1. Modelul Standard & Poors
2.3.2. Modelul Moodys
2.3.3. Modelul Fitch
2.3.4. Consideraii asupra modelelor ageniilor de rating
2.4. Abordri ale performanei financiare perspectiva instituional i literatura autohton
2.4.1. Modele i studii ale performanei financiare n administraia public local
2.4.2. Sursa datelor pentru indicatorii de performan
3. DEZVOLTARE ECONOMIC LOCAL
3.1. Aspecte teoretice privind dezvoltarea economic local
3.2. Modele ale dezvoltrii economice locale
3.2.1. Un model cadru pentru dezvoltare economic regional
3.2.2. Modelul de tip Stea
3.3. Teorii ale Dezvoltrii Economice Locale
3.4. Msurarea performanelor economiei locale. Instrumente i tehnici de evaluare
4. PERFORMANA FINANCIAR A MUNICIPIALITILOR I DEZVOLTAREA
ECONOMIC A COMUNITILOR DIN ROMNIA
4.1. Aspecte metodologice cu privire la performana autoritilor locale i dezvoltarea
municipiilor din Romnia
4.2. Prezentarea i analiza datelor obinute prin intermediul interviului
4.3. Cercetare asupra transparenei autoritilor administraiei publice locale
4.4. Analiza performanei financiare a autoritilor locale i a gradului de dezvoltare
economic a comunitilor
4.4.1. Ci i instrumente de analiz a performanei i dezvoltrii locale n Romnia
4.4.2. Instrumente utilizate n msurarea performanei financiare i a gradului de dezvoltare
economic
4.4.2.1. Indicele performanei financiare
4.4.2.2. Indicele dezvoltrii economice
4.4.3. Analiza datelor referitoare la performana financiar i a gradului de dezvoltare
economic
4.4.3.1. Performana financiar a municipalitilor din Romnia - Indicele performanei
financiare
4.4.3.2. Dezvoltarea economic a municpiilor din Romnia - Indicele dezvoltrii
economice locale
4.4.4.Analiza performanei financiare agregate a autoritilor municipale
4.4.5. Analiza gradului de dezvoltare economic a municipiilor
4.4.6. Relaia ntre performana financiar a municipalitilor i dezvoltarea economic a
comunitilor
4.4.6.1. Testarea relaiei ntre indici
4.4.6.2. Testarea relaiilor ntre indicele performanei financiar i indicatorii dezvoltrii
economice locale
4.4.6.3. Explorarea relaiilor ntre indicatorii performanei financiare i cei ai dezvoltrii
economice locale
Concluzii i direcii de cercetare ulterioare
Bibliografie
Anexe
Cuvinte cheie
Performan financiar, dezvoltare economic local, msurarea performanei, administraie
public local, comuniti locale, indicatori.
Introducere
Cercetarea ntreprins este o abordare interdisciplinar n care se identific legtura ntre
performana financiar a autoritilor administraiei publice locale i dezvoltarea economic a
comunitilor. Interdisciplinaritatea acestei teze rezid din perspectiva domeniilor implicate:
finane publice, dezvoltare economic i tiine administrative.
Direciile urmate n cercetarea legturii sus-amintite s-au bazat pe o analiz realizat din
dubl perspectiv una a performanei financiare i cealalt a dezvoltrii economice. n cadrul
cercetrii noastre am creat instrumente de msurare a performanei administraiei publice locale
i a gradului de dezvoltare a comunitilor, ceea ce ne-a permis realizarea de ranking-uri ale
unitilor administrativ teritoriale.
Argumentul principal al tezei este acela c gradul de dezvoltare economic al
comunitii influeneaz performana financiar a autoritilor locale.
Teza este structurat pe patru capitole, primele trei prezentnd stadiul cunoaterii n
problematica performanei i msurrii acesteia n sectorul public, performana financiar i
dezvoltare economic local. n ultimul capitol am realizat o cercetare empiric realizat
pornind de la conceptele teoretice analizate anterior.
n primul capitol am realizat o analiz a problematicii performanei pornind de contextul
mai larg al modelelor i curentelor din sectorul public care stabilesc un cadru general al
principiilor de funcionare a administraiei (New Public Management i modelele succesoare
acestuia).
n acest context am abordat modalitile de definire a conceptului de performan,
motivarea necesitii msurrii acesteia i identificarea instrumentelor prin care msurarea se
realizeaz. Am constatat astfel c, dac iniial performana i msurarea acesteia era o arie
specific sectorului privat cu trecerea timpului, aceasta a fost definit i msurat i n sectorul
public. n cercetarea noastr am realizat o conceptualizare a termenului de performan din
perspectiva sectorului public.
n partea destinat msurrii performanei, am pornit de la analiza termenilor n care se
realizeaz aceasta, motivaia msurrii, punnd accent asupra msurrii performanei n mediul
public cu caracteristicile i specificul acesteia.
Urmtoarea etap a cercetrii literaturii de specialitate a presupus prezentarea unor
modele care s ncadreze caracterul complex al conceptului de performan, evideniind
legturile cauzale care se stabilesc n procesul de msurare a acesteia de ctre diferite entiti.
Scopul acestor modele este, n opinia noastr, de a construi metodologii de msurare necesare
identificrii gradului de performan a unei entiti, oferirea unui ghidaj n stabilirea principiilor
i etape de care trebuie s in cont la realizarea i implementarea oricrui sistem de msurare
a performanei.
Din perspectiva cercetrii ntreprinse, al doilea capitol este cel care face tranziia dinspre
general (caracteristicile sectorului public, performan n administraia public), spre specific
(performana financiar a autoritilor locale), fiind focusat pe modelele de analiz a
performanei financiare.
Incursiunea n literatura domeniului msurrii performanei financiare a autoritilor
locale a relevat c acest subiect este insuficient analizat n literatura de specialitate autohton.
Iat de ce considerm c analiza de fa este printre puinele din Romnia care ncearc acest
gen de cercetri tiinifice. Pe de alt parte, am observat c literatura de specialitate nord
american n domeniul analizei performanei financiare a municipalitilor este cea mai
generoas n a oferi modele, la nivelul statelor federaiei americane existnd o practic bazat
pe un cadru de raportare financiar bine definit.
O alt direcie de cercetare n acest capitol a fost aceea a analizrii modelelor utilizate
de cele mai cunoscute agenii de rating (Standard & Poors, Moodys i Fitch) n evaluarea
riscului de creditare al administraiilor locale.
Sistemele de msurare a performanelor financiare prezentate n acest capitol au stat la
baza construirii unui modelul propriu de analiz a performanei financiare n administraia
public local.
Al treilea capitol al tezei se concentreaz pe conceptualizarea termenului de dezvoltare
economic local i identificarea acelor factori care o genereaz. Prin urmare am identificat i
analizat principale teorii din domeniu i instrumente de msurare a gradului de dezvoltare
economic din comunitile locale.
Pentru a putea operaionaliza conceptul de dezvoltare economic local am pornit de la
analiza modelelor dezvoltrii economice locale am rezumat teoriile dezvoltrii economice
pentru a putea explica diferenele de dezvoltare ntre comuniti i implicit a identifica acei
factori care genereaz dezvoltarea la nivelul comunitilor locale.
Analiza metodelor i instrumentelor de msurare a gradului de dezvoltare economic
sau a performanei economiei locale ne-a facilitat efortul de creare a unui instrument propriu de
msurare a nivelului de dezvoltare economic local.
n al patrulea capitol am realizat o cercetare asupra performanei financiare a
autoritilor locale i a gradului de dezvoltare a comunitilor pe care administraiile respective
le servesc, la nivelul municipiilor din Romnia (cu excepia Bucuretiului). n acest sens am
utilizat un complex de metode i instrumente menite a dezvolta doi indici unul al performanei
financiare i altul al dezvoltrii economice, construii pe baza unor seturi de indicatori. Pe lng
analiza documentelor i literaturii de specialitate, n identificarea celor mai potrivii indicatori
am apelat la alte metode i tipologii de cercetare precum interviul, dar i o cercetare asupra
transparenei administraiilor locale n furnizarea datelor financiare.
Pe baza celor doi indici construii am realizat analize ce ne-au permis crearea de ranking-
uri ale celor mai performante municipaliti, precum i identificarea comunitilor cu cel mai
ridicat grad de dezvoltare economic. n cazul performanei financiare am realizat o clasificare
ce are la baz compararea performanei municipalitilor cu caracteristici similare.
Pentru testarea legturii ntre performana financiar a municipiilor i dezvoltarea
economic a comunitilor am utilizat modele de regresie liniar simpl, identificnd o relaie
puternic i semnificativ statistic, n sensul n care dezvoltarea economic influeneaz
performana financiar. Ulterior am ncercat s identificm care sunt variabilele dezvoltrii
economice care au cea mai mare putere n explicarea performanei financiare a autoritilor
locale, pornind de la relaia demonstrat anterior. n ultima parte a cercetrii am analizat cele
mai semnificative rezultate obinute n urma realizrii corelaiilor ntre indicatorii ce compun
cei doi indici.
Obiectivele cercetrii
Condiii
socioeconomice
Capaciti Situaia
financiare ale financiar a
autoritii autoritii
locale locale
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194. Legea 273/2006 a finanelor publice locale. publicat n Monitorul Oficial nr. 618 din
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195. OUG nr. 63 din 30 iunie 2010, publicat n Monitorul Oficial Nr. 450 din 2 iulie 2010.
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