Marca si modelul

Cinilndree [cm3]
1 2993
2 1968
3 1968
4 1968
5 1997
6 1956
7 1984
8 1999
9 1997
10 1997

2243104
 215/55 R16
Tip pneu

Latimea profilului-B [mm]

215

Desenul tehnic al autovehiculului

55

Raportul nominal de aspect (H/B) %

Capitolul 3. Definirea conditiilor de autopropulsare
3.1 Rezistenta la rulare

V[km/h] Va[m/s] f
0 0 0.018
20 5.56 0.018
40 11.11 0.018
60 16.67 0.018
80 22.22 0.018
100 27.78 0.018
120 33.33 0.018
140 38.89 0.018
160 44.44 0.018
180 50.00 0.018
200 55.56 0.018
220 61.11 0.018
239 66.39 0.018

3.2 Rezistenta aerului

V[km/h] Va[m/s] ρ[kg/m^3]

0 0 1.225
20 5.56 1.225
40 11.11 1.225
60 16.67 1.225
80 22.22 1.225
100 27.78 1.225
120 33.33 1.225
140 38.89 1.225
160 44.44 1.225
180 50.00 1.225
200 55.56 1.225
220 61.11 1.225
239 66.39 1.225
 3.3 Rezistenta la panta

α Ga[N] Rp[N]
0 20950 0.00
2 20950 731.14
4 20950 1461.40
6 20950 2189.87
8 20950 2915.68
10 20950 3637.93
12 20950 4355.75
14 20950 5068.26
16 20950 5774.60
18 20950 6473.91

3.4 Rezistenta la demarare

Rd[N]=ma*a 9532.25

3.6 Ecuatia generala de miscare rectilinie a automobilului

Deplasare cu Vmax

Frvmax[N]=Rr+Ra 2958.54
2919.13

CAP.4 Reactiunile normale ale caii de rulare asupra rotilor autovehiculelor

Cap.5 Calculul de tractiune
5.2.2 Evaluarea analitica a caracteristicii exterioare

Pvmax= 467.65

𝛂=0,76

𝜷=1,06

𝜸=−𝟎,𝟖𝟐
 Caracteristica de putere
500
450
400
350
300
P[kW]

250
200
150
100
50
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
n[rpm]

5.3 Determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere ale transmisiei

5.3.1 Determinarea valorii maxime a raportului de transmitere (conditia plecarii de pe loc la limita de

Gad 11405.4563878831

m2φ= 1.11104733212051 itmax=

5.3.2 Determinarea valorii minime a raportului de transmitere

2.37

5.3.2 Determinarea valorii raportului de transmitereal primei trepte din cutia de viteze

2.35

Raportul de transmitere al transmisiei principale io

io=itmin=2,66

Numarul de trepte minim necesar

2.30

1.90 `
Treapta I

1.53
Treapta II

Treapta III
1.24
Treapta IV (priza directa)

1 Treapta V

Treapta VI
1.29
6. Studiul si determinarea performantelor dinamice de trecere si demarare
6.1. Performantele dinamice de trecere

6.1.1. Bilantul de tractiune si caracteristica de tractiune

5.56

4.49

3.63

2.93

2.37

3.05

Bilantul de tractiune (pentru treapta cu raport unitar)

Rrul [N] Rrul+Rp[N] Rrul+Rp+Ra [N]

 358.6 358.6 424
358.6 358.6 506
358.6 358.6 621
358.6 358.6 768
358.6 358.6 949
358.6 358.6 1162
358.6 358.6 1407
358.6 358.6 1543
358.6 358.6 1613
358.6 358.6 1620
358.6 358.6 1686
358.6 358.6 1723
358.6 358.6 1838
358.6 358.6 2165
358.6 358.6 2526
358.6 358.6 2919
358.6 358.6 3345
358.6 358.6 3457
358.6 358.6 3804
358.6 358.6 4049

6.1.2 Bilantul de putere si caracteristica puterilor

PR=P*ηtr=Prul+Pa+Pp

Pe [kW] PR[Kw] Va5 [m/s]

85.03 76.52 10.62
136.45 122.81 15.93
163.42 147.08 21.24
190.85 171.76 26.56
218.46 196.62 31.87
245.99 221.39 37.18
273.14 245.82 42.49
299.64 269.68 45.14
325.21 292.69 46.47
349.58 314.62 46.61
372.46 335.21 47.80
393.58 354.22 48.46
429.41 386.47 50.46
443.56 399.21 55.77
454.84 409.36 61.08
462.96 416.67 66.39
467.65 420.89 71.70
468.63 421.76 73.03
465.61 419.05 77.01
458.32 412.49 79.67
Puterea la roata pentru fiecare treapta a CV

Pr1[kW] Pr2[kW] Pr3[kW]

76.52 76.52 76.52
122.81 122.81 122.81
168.09 168.09 168.09
214.70 214.70 214.70
262.16 262.16 262.16
309.94 309.94 309.94
357.56 357.56 357.56
382.04 382.04 382.04
394.01 394.01 394.01
394.40 394.40 394.40
402.26 402.26 402.26
404.03 404.03 404.03
407.94 407.94 407.94
441.23 441.23 441.23
470.76 470.76 470.76
496.03 496.03 496.03
516.54 516.54 516.54
504.28 504.28 504.28
506.35 506.35 506.35
494.99 494.99 494.99

6.1.3 Factorul dinamic si caracteristica dinamica

Ra1[N] Ra2[N] Ra3[N]

11.92 18.25 27.95
26.81 41.06 62.89
47.67 73.00 111.80
74.48 114.06 174.68
107.25 164.25 251.54
145.98 223.56 342.37
190.67 292.00 447.18
215.25 329.64 504.83
228.10 349.32 534.96
229.40 351.32 538.02
241.32 369.57 565.97
248.07 379.90 581.80
 268.88 411.77 630.60
328.46 503.02 770.34
394.01 603.39 924.06
465.51 712.90 1091.75
542.97 831.52 1273.42
563.26 862.60 1321.02
626.39 959.27 1469.06
670.33 1026.57 1572.13

6.2 Performantele la demarare

6.2.1 Acceleratia automobilului si caracteristica acceleratiilor

Date de intare
δR 0.025
δM 0.03
lm+a 0.55
IR 3
Icv1 3.67
Icv2 2.65
Icv3 1.92
Icv4 1.38
Icv5 1
Icv6 0.89
g[m/s^2] 9.81

ψ= coef. Rezistentei totale 0.018

Inversul acceleratiilor

Va1[m/s]
1.67
2.50
3.33
4.16
5.00
5.83
6.66
7.08
7.29
7.31
 7.49
7.60
7.91
8.74
9.58
10.41
11.24
11.45
12.07
12.49

6.2.2 Timpul si spatiul de demarare

Timp de demarare
Spațiu de demarare
6.3 Performanțele de frânare ale autovehiculelor
Parametrii ce caracterizează frânarea autovehiculului sunt: deceleraţia, spaţiul şi timpul de frânare. P

6.3.1 Capacitatea de decelerare a automobilului

6.3.2 Caracteristica timpului și spațiului de frânare

Spațiu de frânare
600.000
500.000 Sf1[m]
Sf2[m]
400.000
Sf3[m]
300.000
Sf[m]

Sf4[m]
200.000 Sf5[m]
100.000 Sf6[m]
0.000 Sf7[m]
 Spațiu de frânare
600.000
500.000 Sf1[m]
Sf2[m]
400.000
Sf3[m]
300.000

Sf[m]
Sf4[m]
200.000 Sf5[m]
100.000 Sf6[m]
0.000 Sf7[m]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
V[km/h]

Timpul de frânare
25.000

20.000 tf1[m]
tf2[m]
15.000 tf3[m]
tf[s]

tf4[m]
10.000
tf5[m]
5.000 tf[6]
tf7[m]
0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
V[km/h]

7. Stabilitatea si maniabilitatea autovehiculului

7.1.1 Stabilitatea longitudinală a autovehiculului

Denumire autoturism Ga [daN] G1[daN]

Land Rover Defender 2317 9569.21

αr[°]=unghi la rasturnare
57.8

𝜑 αp[°]=unghi la patinare
 0.8 14.7
0.7 12.9
0.6 11.1
0.5 9.3
0.4 7.5
0.3 5.6
0.2 3.8

Stabilitate transversala

v[m/s] 𝛽𝑟 vr[m/s]
0 45.89 22.13
1.55 45.61 22.07
2.32 45.26 21.94
3.10 44.77 21.52
3.87 44.14 23.28
4.64 43.37 23.30
5.42 42.47 22.85
6.19 41.42 22.71
6.58 40.85 22.67
6.77 40.55 22.65
6.79 40.52 22.65
6.96 40.24 22.64
7.06 40.08 22.63
7.35 39.60 22.62
8.12 38.22 22.59
8.90 36.72 22.57
9.67 35.09 22.55
10.45 33.35 22.54
10.64 32.89 22.54
11.22 31.49 22.53
11.61 30.53 22.53
12.54 28.10 22.52
13.64 25.13 22.51
14.73 22.04 22.51
15.00 21.25 22.51
15.82 18.87 22.51
16.36 17.26 22.50
17.68 13.37 22.50
19.22 8.90 22.50
20.76 4.59 22.50
21.14 3.54 22.49
22.30 0.50 22.49
 Dimensiunea anvelopelor
Putere [kW] la [rot/min]

Moment motor [Nm] la

Ecartament fata [mm]

Ampatament [mm]
[rot/min]
163/4000 500/2000 265/70 R16 2888 1558
103/4000 420/3500 255/70 R16 2843 1612
125/4200 353/4800 255/75 R17 2761 1545
125/4200 500/2500 255/70 R18 2709 1552
120/3750 434/3600 275/70 R16 2815 1586
117/400 385/4000 265/70 R18 2737 1585
120/3000 376/3500 225/65 R17 2776 1588
103/3500 377/4400 265/70 R17 2725 1570
120/3750 353/4000 245/75 R17 2817 1579
117/3750 529/4250 265/60 R18 2809 1614

f sa fie la fel cu treapta de viteza cand calculez

Calcule pentru masa autovehiculului
ma [kg] 2095
mu [kg] 425
mbs [kg] 100
mo [kg] 1670
 Tip structura

Radiala
Diamentrul interior al pneului(inch)- d/[mm]

406.4
Inaltimea profilului - H [mm]
118.25

Diametrul nominal al anvelopei -D [mm]

642.9

Raza nominala -rs [mm]

321.45
Ga[N] Rrul[N] Prul[W]
20950 358.64 0
400
20950 358.64 1992.46
350
20950 358.64 3984.93
300
20950 358.64 5977.39
20950 358.64 7969.85 250

Rrul[N]
20950 358.64 9962.32 200
20950 358.64 11954.78 150
20950 358.64 13947.24 100
20950 358.64 15939.71
50
20950 358.64 17932.17
0
20950 358.64 19924.63 0 6
20950 358.64 21917.10
20950 358.64 23809.94

10000

Cx A[m^2] Ra[N] Pa[W]

0.35 2.71 0.00 0.00
1000
0.35 2.71 17.93 99.61
0.35 2.71 71.72 796.90
0.35 2.71 161.37 2689.54
Ra[N]

100
0.35 2.71 286.88 6375.21
0.35 2.71 448.26 12451.58
0.35 2.71 645.49 21516.33
10
0.35 2.71 878.58 34167.13
0.35 2.71 1147.54 51001.66
0.35 2.71 1452.35 72617.60
1
0.35 2.71 1793.03 99612.62 0 1
0.35 2.71 2169.56 132584.40
0.35 2.71 2560.49 169987.93
 7000

6000

5000

4000

Rp[N]
3000

2000

1000

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Alfa

Deplasare pe cale cu inclinare longitudinala maxima

ψ= coef. Rezistentei 0.33

Frψmax=Ga*ψmax 6832.55
Frψmax=Rr+Rp 6832.55

tilor autovehiculelor
4.2 Calculul reactiunilor normale in

4.2.1 Autovehicule cu ambele punti

1. Relatiile intre reactiunile normale Z

X1= 𝑓* Z1
X2=𝜑 *Z2

2.Reactiuna normala la rotile punti

(𝑏/𝐿−ℎ𝑔/
Z1=Ga* 𝐿∗𝜑)/
(1−ℎ𝑔/𝐿∗𝜑)
*cos𝛼
(𝑎/𝐿)/
(1−ℎ𝑔/
𝐿∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
 Z2=Ga*
(𝑎/𝐿)/
(1−ℎ𝑔/
𝐿∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
3.Coeficientii de incarcare dinamica

(1−ℎ𝑔/
m1= 𝑏∗𝜑)/
(1−ℎ𝑔/
𝐿∗𝜑 )*cos𝛼
m2= 1/(1−ℎ𝑔/
𝐿∗𝜑)*cos𝛼

α
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18

[kW]

Pmax= 454.84 [kW]

ce=0,65
 ca=1,10

Caracteris
1400

1200

1000

M[Nm] 800

600

400

200

0
4000 4500 5000 5500 500 1000 1500 2000 250

plecarii de pe loc la limita de aderenta)

Deplasarea pe drumul cu rezistenta specifica maxima

N

4.163

5.56
 ` Viteza 800 16.3
I
16.3 5000 81.5
81.5 2600 20.2
II
20.2 5000 50.4
50.4 2600 25.0
III
25.0 5000 62.4
62.4 2600 30.9
IV
30.9 5000 77.3
irecta)
77.3 2600 124.3
V
124.3 5000 95.6
95.6 2600 29.7
VI
29.7223002139705 5000 74.3
74.3057505349262
de trecere si demarare ale autovehiculului

n[rpm]
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
3200
3400
3500
3510
3600
3650
3800
4200
4600
5000
5400
5500
5800
6000

9000.0
Va5[m/s] Fr5 [N] Ra5 [N] Fr5-Ra5
8000.0

7000.0
 9000.0

10.62 7204 65.5 7139 8000.0

15.93 7708 147.5 7560
21.24 7912 262.2 7650
7000.0
26.56 8085 409.7 7675
31.87 8227 589.9 7637
37.18 8337 803.0 7534 6000.0

Rrul, Rrul+Rp+Ra,Fr5,Fr5-Ra5
42.49 8415 1048.8 7367
45.14 8463 1184.0 7279 5000.0
46.47 8478 1254.6 7224
46.61 8463 1261.8 7201
4000.0
47.80 8415 1327.4 7088
48.46 8337 1364.5 6972
50.46 8085 1478.9 6606 3000.0

55.77 7912 1806.7 6105

61.08 7708 2167.2 5540 2000.0
66.39 7472 2560.5 4911
71.70 7204 2986.6 4218 1000.0
73.03 6905 3098.2 3807
77.01 6575 3445.4 3130
0.0
79.67 6213 3687.1 2526
0

Prul [kW] PR+Pp[kW] Pa[kW] Prul+Pp+Pa [kW]

3.81 76.52 0.70 4.51
5.71 122.81 2.35 8.06
7.62 147.08 5.57 13.19
9.52 171.76 10.88 20.40
11.43 196.62 18.80 30.23
13.33 221.39 29.85 43.19
15.24 245.82 44.56 59.80
16.19 269.68 53.45 69.64
16.67 292.69 58.31 74.97
16.71 314.62 58.81 75.52
17.14 335.21 63.45 80.59
17.38 354.22 66.13 83.51
18.10 386.47 74.62 92.72
20.00 399.21 100.75 120.75
21.91 409.36 132.37 154.27
23.81 416.67 169.99 193.80
25.71 420.89 214.14 239.85
26.19 421.76 226.25 252.44
27.62 419.05 265.33 292.95
28.57 412.49 293.74 322.44
 600

Pr4[kW] Pr5[kW] Pr6[kW]

76.52 76.52 76.52 500
122.81 122.81 122.81
168.09 168.09 168.09
214.70 214.70 214.70
262.16 262.16 262.16 400
309.94 309.94 309.94
357.56 357.56 357.56
382.04 382.04 382.04

Pr[kW]
300
394.01 394.01 394.01
394.40 394.40 394.40
402.26 402.26 402.26
404.03 404.03 404.03 200

407.94 407.94 407.94

441.23 441.23 441.23
470.76 470.76 470.76 100
496.03 496.03 496.03
516.54 516.54 516.54
504.28 504.28 504.28
0
506.35 506.35 506.35 0 10
494.99 494.99 494.99

Ra4[N] Ra5[N] Ra6[N] Pa1[kW]

42.80 65.55 39.60 0.05
96.30 147.48 89.10 0.18
171.21 262.19 158.39 0.43
267.51 409.68 247.49 0.84
385.22 589.94 356.38 1.46
524.32 802.97 485.07 2.31
684.83 1048.78 633.57 3.45
773.11 1183.97 715.24 4.14
819.26 1254.64 757.93 4.52
823.94 1261.82 762.26 4.56
866.74 1327.36 801.86 4.92
890.98 1364.48 824.28 5.13
 965.72 1478.94 893.43 5.78
1179.73 1806.68 1091.41 7.81
1415.14 2167.20 1309.20 10.26
1671.95 2560.49 1546.79 13.18
1950.16 2986.55 1804.18 16.60
2023.06 3098.19 1871.62 17.54
2249.78 3445.39 2081.36 20.57
2407.61 3687.10 2227.38 22.77

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
0.8059 0.6508 0.5253 0.424 0.341
0.8616 0.6953 0.5604 0.451 0.361
0.8835 0.7123 0.5730 0.459 0.365
0.9016 0.7259 0.5827 0.465 0.366
0.9158 0.7364 0.5894 0.468 0.365
0.9263 0.7435 0.5931 0.467 0.360
0.9330 0.7473 0.5938 0.464 0.352
0.9371 0.7498 0.5945 0.463 0.347
0.9382 0.7503 0.5942 0.462 0.345
0.9364 0.7488 0.5929 0.461 0.344
0.9306 0.7436 0.5881 0.456 0.338
0.9214 0.7360 0.5816 0.450 0.333
0.8923 0.7117 0.5609 0.431 0.315
0.8701 0.6917 0.5416 0.411 0.291
0.8440 0.6684 0.5193 0.388 0.264
0.8142 0.6419 0.4941 0.362 0.234
0.7806 0.6120 0.4658 0.332 0.201
0.7462 0.5835 0.4417 0.311 0.182
0.7062 0.5490 0.4105 0.281 0.149
0.6636 0.5131 0.3791 0.252 0.1206

eratiilor

Date calculate
δ1 1.23
δ2 1.14
δ3 1.09
δ4 1.07
δ5 1.05
δ6 1.05

Va1[m/s] Va2[m/s] Va3[m/s] Va4[m/s] Va5[m/s]

1.67 2.30 3.19 4.42 6.11
2.50 3.46 4.79 6.62 9.17
3.33 4.61 6.38 8.83 12.22
4.16 5.76 7.98 11.04 15.28
5.00 6.91 9.57 13.25 18.33
5.83 8.07 11.17 15.45 21.39
6.66 9.22 12.76 17.66 24.44
7.08 9.80 13.56 18.77 25.97
7.29 10.08 13.96 19.32 26.74
7.31 10.11 14.00 19.37 26.81
7.49 10.37 14.36 19.87 27.50
7.60 10.52 14.56 20.15 27.88
7.91 10.95 15.15 20.97 29.03
8.74 12.10 16.75 23.18 32.08
9.58 13.25 18.34 25.39 35.14
10.41 14.41 19.94 27.60 38.19
11.24 15.56 21.53 29.80 41.25
11.45 15.85 21.93 30.36 42.01
12.07 16.71 23.13 32.01 44.31
12.49 17.29 23.93 33.12 45.83

Va2[m/s] Va3[m/s] Va4[m/s] Va5[m/s]

2.30 3.19 4.42 6.11
3.46 4.79 6.62 9.17
4.61 6.38 8.83 12.22
5.76 7.98 11.04 15.28
6.91 9.57 13.25 18.33
8.07 11.17 15.45 21.39
9.22 12.76 17.66 24.44
9.80 13.56 18.77 25.97
10.08 13.96 19.32 26.74
10.11 14.00 19.37 26.81
10.37 14.36 19.87 27.50
10.52 14.56 20.15 27.88
10.95 15.15 20.97 29.03
12.10 16.75 23.18 32.08
13.25 18.34 25.39 35.14
14.41 19.94 27.60 38.19
15.56 21.53 29.80 41.25
15.85 21.93 30.36 42.01
16.71 23.13 32.01 44.31
17.29 23.93 33.12 45.83

v[m/s] td[s] Timpul de dem

0 0
16
1.67 0.26
14
2.50 0.39
12
3.33 0.51
4.16 0.63 10
5.00 0.74 8
td[s]

5.83 0.86 6
6.66 0.97 4
7.08 1.03 2
7.29 1.06
0
7.31 1.06 0 5 10 15 20 25
7.49 1.09 V[m/
7.60 1.10
7.91 1.15
8.74 1.27
9.58 1.39
10.41 1.52
11.24 1.66
11.45 1.70
12.07 1.81
12.49 1.89
13.25 2.03
14.41 2.24
15.56 2.47
15.85 2.53
16.71 2.72
17.29 2.85
18.34 3.09
19.94 3.46
21.53 3.85
21.93 3.96
23.13 4.30
23.93 4.54
25.39 4.97
27.60 5.67
29.80 6.44
30.36 6.64
32.01 7.33
33.12 7.84
35.14 8.72
38.19 10.24
41.25 12.03
42.01 12.53
44.31 14.40
45.83 16.00

v[m/s] Sd[m]
0 0
1.67 0.44 Spațiul d
2.50 0.76 250
3.33 1.19
4.16 1.71 200
5.00 2.33
5.83 3.04 150
Sd[m]
6.66 3.85
100
7.08 4.28
7.29 4.50 50
7.31 4.52
7.49 4.73 0
7.60 4.84 0 5 10 15 20

7.91 5.20
8.74 6.26
9.58 7.42
10.41 8.69
11.24 10.07
11.45 10.42
12.07 11.55
12.49 12.34
13.25 13.89
14.41 16.47
15.56 19.32
15.85 20.05
16.71 22.39
17.29 24.04
18.34 27.30
19.94 32.81
21.53 38.96
21.93 40.54
23.13 45.68
23.93 49.31
 25.39 56.58
27.60 69.11
29.80 83.32
30.36 86.98
32.01 99.11
33.12 107.77
35.14 125.41
38.19 156.70
41.25 193.45
42.01 203.02
44.31 236.04
45.83 260.49

spaţiul şi timpul de frânare. Pentru aprecierea capacitătii de frânare,se folosesc deceleraţia maximă şi spaţiul minim de frân

g[m/s^2] φ
9.81 0.8 (df)maxp
9.81 0.7 (df)maxp
9.81 0.6 (df)maxp
9.81 0.5 (df)maxp
9.81 0.4 (df)maxp
9.81 0.3 (df)maxp
9.81 0.2 (df)maxp

V[km/h] Sf1[m] Sf2[m] Sf3[m] Sf4[m]

165 133.424 152.485 177.899 213.479
160 125.461 143.384 167.281 200.737
150 110.268 126.021 147.024 176.429
140 96.056 109.778 128.074 153.689
130 82.824 94.656 110.432 132.518
120 70.572 80.653 94.096 112.915
110 59.300 67.771 79.066 94.880
100 49.008 56.009 65.344 78.413
90 39.697 45.367 52.929 63.514
80 31.365 35.846 41.820 50.184
70 24.014 27.445 32.019 38.422
 60 17.643 20.163 23.524 28.229
50 12.252 14.002 16.336 19.603
40 7.841 8.961 10.455 12.546
30 4.411 5.041 5.881 7.057
20 1.960 2.240 2.614 3.137
10 0.490 0.560 0.653 0.784
0 0 0 0 0

V[km/h] tf1[s] tf2[s] tf3[s] tf4[s]

165 5.840 6.674 7.787 9.344
160 5.663 6.472 7.551 9.061
150 5.309 6.068 7.079 8.495
140 4.955 5.663 6.607 7.928
130 4.601 5.259 6.135 7.362
120 4.247 4.854 5.663 6.796
110 3.893 4.450 5.191 6.229
100 3.539 4.045 4.719 5.663
90 3.186 3.641 4.247 5.097
80 2.832 3.236 3.775 4.531
70 2.478 2.832 3.304 3.964
60 2.124 2.427 2.832 3.398
50 1.770 2.023 2.360 2.832
40 1.416 1.618 1.888 2.265
30 1.062 1.214 1.416 1.699
20 0.708 0.809 0.944 1.133
10 0.354 0.405 0.472 0.566
0 0 0 0 0

G2[daN] a[mm] b[mm] L[mm] hg[mm]

11283.79 1151.268 976.332 2364 614.64

Ɵ[° ] Re[mm] Ri[mm]

1 135.60 135.29
2 67.88 67.55
 3 45.32 44.96
4 34.04 33.66
5 27.27 26.87
6 22.76 22.35
7 19.54 19.11
8 17.13 16.67
9 15.26 14.78
10 13.76 13.26
11 12.54 12.02
12 11.52 10.98
13 10.65 10.09
14 9.92 9.34
15 9.28 8.68
16 8.72 8.10
17 8.23 7.59
18 7.80 7.13
19 7.41 6.72
20 7.06 6.35
21 6.74 6.01
22 6.46 5.71
23 6.20 5.42
24 5.96 5.16
25 5.74 4.92
26 5.54 4.70
27 5.35 4.49
28 5.18 4.30
29 5.02 4.12
30 4.87 3.95
31 4.74 3.79
32 4.61 3.64

tg𝛽𝑝 vp[m/s]
-26.57 13.99
-26.29 14.01
-25.94 14.03
-25.45 14.06
-24.82 14.10
-24.05 14.15
-23.14 14.20
-22.10 14.27
-21.52 14.30
-21.23 14.32
-21.20 14.32
-20.92 14.34
-20.76 14.35
-20.28 14.38
-18.90 14.46
-17.39 14.55
-15.77 14.65
-14.02 14.76
-13.57 14.79
-12.17 14.87
-11.21 14.93
-8.78 15.08
-5.81 15.27
-2.71 15.48
-1.93 15.53
0.46 15.69
2.06 15.80
5.95 16.09
10.42 16.44
14.73 16.81
15.78 16.91
18.82 17.21
Ecartament spate [mm]

Lungime [mm]

Inaltime [mm]
Latime [mm]
1528 4841 1846 1468
1618 4916 1855 1459
1518 4838 1783 1461
1551 4765 1820 1472
1557 4779 1860 1458
1587 4830 1856 1498
1585 4628 1865 1484
1570 4755 1795 1440
1552 4792 1920 1456
1609 4849 1868 1463

Calcule pentru greutatea autovehiculului

Ga [N] 20950
Gu [N] 4250
Go [N] 16700
 Raza de rulare-rr [mm]

300.55575
 Rezistenta la rulare[N]
400
350
300
250
Rrul[N]

200
150
100
50
0
0 6 11 17 22 28 33 39 44 50 56 61 66

Va[m/s]

10000

1000

100

10

1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Va[m/s]
 10 12 14 16 18

Pornirea de pe loc cuacceleratie maxima

FRa1max[N] 9890.89
amax[m/s] 3.5
δ=coef.maselor in rotat 1.3

ul reactiunilor normale in regimul demararii la limita de aderenta

vehicule cu ambele punti motoare (4x2)

intre reactiunile normale Z si reactiunile tangentiale X:

X1= 162
X2= 9124

na normala la rotile puntii fata in regimul demararii este:

𝑏/𝐿−ℎ𝑔/
∗𝜑)/ Z1= 8519
1−ℎ𝑔/𝐿∗𝜑)
cos𝛼
𝑎/𝐿)/
1−ℎ𝑔/
∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
𝑎/𝐿)/ Z2= 11405
1−ℎ𝑔/
∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
ntii de incarcare dinamica sunt:

−ℎ𝑔/
𝜑)/ m1= 0.79733985011
−ℎ𝑔/
𝜑 )*cos𝛼
(1−ℎ𝑔/ m2= 1.1110473321205
𝜑)*cos𝛼

X1 X2 Z1 Z2
7166 9594 8958 11992
7162 9588 8952 11985
7149 9571 8936 11963
7127 9541 8909 11927
7096 9501 8870 11876
7057 9448 8822 11810
7009 9384 8762 11730
6953 9309 8692 11636
6888 9222 8611 11528
6815 9124 8519 11405
 Caracteristica de moment

00 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500

n[rpm]
 Diag
6000

0 0.0
I 800 16.3 5000
5000 81.5
0 0.0
II 2600 20.2 4000
5000 50.4
0 0.0
III 2600 25.0 3000
Turatia n [rpm]

5000 62.4
0 0.0
IV 2600 30.9 2000
5000 77.3
0 0.0
V 2600 124.3 1000
5000 95.6
0 0.0
VI 2600 29.7
0
5000 74.3 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0

Viteza
 Fr1 [N] Fr2 [N] Fr3 [N] Fr4 [N]
16896.06 13653.25 11032.82 8915.32
18076.57 14607.19 11803.67 9538.23
18556.15 14994.73 12116.83 9791.28
18961.96 15322.64 12381.81 10005.41
19293.97 15590.94 12598.61 10180.60
19552.21 15799.61 12767.24 10316.86
19736.67 15948.66 12887.68 10414.19
19847.34 16038.10 12959.95 10472.59
19884.23 16067.91 12984.04 10492.05
19847.34 16038.10 12959.95 10472.59
19736.67 15948.66 12887.68 10414.19
19552.21 15799.61 12767.24 10316.86
18961.96 15322.64 12381.81 10005.41
18556.15 14994.73 12116.83 9791.28
18076.57 14607.19 11803.67 9538.23
17523.21 14160.03 11442.34 9246.24
16896.06 13653.25 11032.82 8915.32
16195.13 13086.85 10575.13 8545.47
15420.42 12460.83 10069.26 8136.69
14571.93 11775.18 9515.21 7688.98

Diagrama fortei excedentare in treapta de priza directa

9000.0

8000.0

7000.0
 Diagrama fortei excedentare in treapta de priza directa
9000.0

8000.0

7000.0

6000.0
Rrul, Rrul+Rp+Ra,Fr5,Fr5-Ra5

5000.0

4000.0

3000.0

2000.0

1000.0

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Va[m/s]

Bilantul puterii la roata in treapta de priza d

450

400

350
Pr, Prul, Pa, Prul+Pp+Pa[kW]

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Va[m/s]
 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Va[m/s]

Puterea la roata

10 20 30 40 50 60

Va[m/s]

Pa2[kW] Pa3[kW] Pa4[kW] Pa5[kW]

0.10 0.19 0.37 0.70
0.35 0.65 1.24 2.35
0.82 1.55 2.94 5.57
1.60 3.03 5.74 10.88
2.76 5.23 9.92 18.80
4.39 8.31 15.75 29.85
6.55 12.41 23.51 44.56
7.85 14.88 28.20 53.45
8.57 16.23 30.77 58.31
8.64 16.37 31.03 58.81
9.32 17.67 33.48 63.45
9.71 18.41 34.89 66.13
10.96 20.78 39.37 74.62
14.80 28.05 53.16 100.75
19.45 36.85 69.84 132.37
24.97 47.33 89.70 169.99
31.46 59.62 112.99 214.14
33.24 62.99 119.38 226.25
38.98 73.87 140.01 265.33
43.15 81.78 154.99 293.74

D6
0.441 1.0000
0.469
0.478
0.9000
0.485
0.488
0.8000
0.489
0.487
0.7000
0.486
0.485
0.483 0.6000
0.479
0.473 0.5000
D

0.454
0.434 0.4000
0.411
0.385 0.3000
0.356
0.335 0.2000
0.304
0.275
0.1000

0.0000
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00
Va6[m/s] a1[m/s^2] a2[m/s^2] a3[m/s^2]
6.88 6.29 5.45 4.56
10.32 6.73 5.83 4.87
13.76 6.91 5.98 4.99
17.20 7.05 6.10 5.07
20.64 7.17 6.19 5.13
24.08 7.25 6.25 5.17
27.52 7.30 6.28 5.18
29.24 7.34 6.30 5.18
30.10 7.34 6.31 5.18
30.19 7.33 6.30 5.17
30.96 7.28 6.25 5.12
31.39 7.21 6.19 5.07
32.68 6.98 5.98 4.88
36.12 6.80 5.80 4.71
39.56 6.59 5.60 4.51
43.00 6.35 5.37 4.28
46.44 6.09 5.12 4.02
47.30 5.81 4.87 3.81
49.88 5.49 4.57 3.53
51.60 5.15 4.26 3.25

1/a1[s^2/m] 1/a2[s^2/m] 1/a3[s^2/m] 1/a4[s^2/m]

0.16 0.18 0.22 0.27
0.15 0.17 0.21 0.25
0.14 0.17 0.20 0.25
0.14 0.16 0.20 0.24
0.14 0.16 0.19 0.24
0.14 0.16 0.19 0.24
0.14 0.16 0.19 0.24
0.14 0.16 0.19 0.24
0.14 0.16 0.19 0.25
0.14 0.16 0.19 0.25
 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.25
0.14 0.16 0.20 0.25
0.14 0.17 0.20 0.26
0.15 0.17 0.21 0.28
0.15 0.18 0.22 0.29
0.16 0.19 0.23 0.32
0.16 0.20 0.25 0.35
0.17 0.21 0.26 0.37
0.18 0.22 0.28 0.41
0.19 0.23 0.31 0.46

Timpul de demarare

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
V[m/s]
 Spațiul de demarare

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
V[m/s]
mă şi spaţiul minim de frânare.

7.848 m/s^2
6.867 m/s^2
5.886 m/s^2
4.905 m/s^2
3.924 m/s^2
2.943 m/s^2
1.962 m/s^2

Sf5[m] Sf6[m] Sf7[m]

266.849 355.799 533.698
250.921 334.562 501.843
220.536 294.048 441.073
192.112 256.149 384.223
165.647 220.863 331.295
141.143 188.191 282.287
118.600 158.133 237.199
98.016 130.688 196.032
79.393 105.857 158.786
62.730 83.640 125.461
48.028 64.037 96.056
35.286 47.048 70.572
24.504 32.672 49.008
15.683 20.910 31.365
8.821 11.762 17.643
3.921 5.228 7.841
0.980 1.307 1.960
0 0 0

tf5[s] tf6[s] tf7[s]

11.680 15.574 23.361
11.326 15.102 22.653
10.618 14.158 21.237
9.911 13.214 19.821
9.203 12.270 18.405
8.495 11.326 16.989
7.787 10.382 15.574
7.079 9.439 14.158
6.371 8.495 12.742
5.663 7.551 11.326
4.955 6.607 9.911
4.247 5.663 8.495
3.539 4.719 7.079
2.832 3.775 5.663
2.124 2.832 4.247
1.416 1.888 2.832
0.708 0.944 1.416
0 0 0

B[mm]
1268
 Acceleraţie 0-100 km/h [s]

Consum mediu L/100 Km

Viteza maximă [km/h]
Masa proprie [kg]

Masa totală [kg]

1670 2155 7.1 239 6.9

1540 2120 10.3 161 6
1498 2118 8.8 222 6
1380 2090 8.6 223 5.6
1563 2156 9.1 210 5.6
1613 2140 9.5 218 4.3
1582 2090 9.2 195 4.9
1425 2035 10.5 204 5.6
1480 2075 8.6 225 4.9
1645 2197 10 216 4.8

Masele ce revin puntilor Greutatile ce revin puntilor

m1 [kg] 1068.45 G1 [N]
m2 kg] 1026.55 G2 [N]
 30000

25000

20000
Prul[W]

15000

10000

5000

56 61 66 0 Va[m/s]
0 6 11 17 22 28 33 39 44 50

180000

160000

140000

120000

100000
Pa[W]

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40
Va[m/s]
 4.3 Calculul reactiunilor normale in regimul franarii

1. Relatiile intre reactiunile normale Z si reactiunile tangentiale X:

/
X1= -𝜑*Z1 X1=
X2= −𝜑* Z2 X2=

2.Reactiuna normala la rotile puntii fata in regimul demararii este

𝜑
Z1= Ga*(b/L+hg/L* )*cosα

Z2=Ga*(a/L-hg/L* 𝜑)*co𝛼

3.Coeficientii de incarcare dinamica sunt:

m1=( 1+ ℎ𝑔/ m1=

𝑏*𝜑)*cos𝛼
 ℎ𝑔/
𝑏*𝜑)*cos𝛼

m2= (1- ℎ𝑔/ m2=

𝑎*𝜑)∗𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

m1 m2
0.8383727 1.168224299
0.8378620 1.167512648
0.8363305 1.165378563
0.8337800 1.161824644
0.8302137 1.15685522
0.8256360 1.150476347
0.8200523 1.142695795
0.8134695 1.133523045
0.8058956 1.122969271
0.7973399 1.111047332

1015.01838637

Date de intare Date calculate

Pmax=Pr=Pp[kW] 455 n[rpm] P[kW] M[Nm]
nP=nr=n.max 4000 800 85.03 1014.94
n0 800 1200 136.45 1085.86
nM 2600 1400 163.42 1114.67
nce 2400 1600 190.85 1139.04
nmax 5000 1800 218.46 1158.99
nec 2500 2000 245.99 1174.50
ce 0.65 2200 273.14 1185.58
α 0.76 2400 299.64 1192.23
β 1.06 2600 325.21 1194.44
γ -0.82 2800 349.58 1192.23
verificare 1.0 3000 372.46 1185.58
ca 1.10 3200 393.58 1174.50
cep 300 3600 429.41 1139.04
ηtr 0.9 3800 443.56 1114.67
rd 0.301 4000 454.84 1085.86
 rr 0.301 4200 462.96 1052.62
vmax/vim 0.8 4400 467.65 1014.94
vim 25.8 4600 468.63 972.84
nM/nP 1.25 4800 465.61 926.30
5000 458.32 875.33

Caracteristica de consum spe

400

350

300

250
ce[g/kwh]

200

150

100

50

0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
n[rpm]

n[rpm] 𝜔 Va1[m/s]
800 83.78 4.53
1200 125.66 6.79
1600 167.55 9.06
2000 209.44 11.32
2400 251.33 13.59
2800 293.22 15.85
3200 335.10 18.12
3400 356.05 19.25
3500 366.52 19.82
3510 367.57 19.87
 3600 376.99 20.38
3650 382.23 20.66
3800 397.94 21.51
4200 439.82 23.78
4600 481.71 26.04
5000 523.60 28.31
5400 565.49 30.57
5500 575.96 31.14
5800 607.37 32.84
6000 628.32 33.97

Diagrama fierastrau

.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0

Viteza v [km/h]
 Fr5 [N] Fr6 [N]
7204.23 9269.01
7707.58 9916.63
7912.07 10179.72
8085.10 10402.34
8226.67 10584.48
8336.77 10726.15
8415.42 10827.34
8462.61 10888.05
8478.34 10908.29
8462.61 10888.05
8415.42 10827.34
8336.77 10726.15
8085.10 10402.34
7912.07 10179.72
7707.58 9916.63
7471.64 9613.06
7204.23 9269.01
6905.37 8884.49
6575.04 8459.49
6213.26 7994.02

entare in treapta de priza directa

entare in treapta de priza directa

Column B
Column F
Column H
Column D

50 60 70 80 90

a[m/s]

terii la roata in treapta de priza directa

Column C
Column E
Column G
Column H

40 50 60 70 80 90

Va[m/s]
 40 50 60 70 80 90

Va[m/s]

oata

Pr1
Pr2
Pr3
Pr4
Pr5
Pr6

50 60 70 80 90

Pa6[kW]
0.33
1.10
2.62
5.11
8.83
14.02
20.92
25.10
27.38
27.61
29.79
31.05
 35.04
47.31
62.15
79.81
100.54
106.23
124.58
137.92

Factorul dinamic

20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00

Va[m/s]
a4[m/s^2] a5[m/s^2] a6[m/s^2] 8.00
3.73 3.00 3.94
3.98 3.19 4.21 7.00
4.06 3.23 4.30
4.11 3.24 4.36 6.00
4.13 3.23 4.39
4.13 3.18 4.39
5.00
4.10 3.11 4.37
4.09 3.07 4.36 a[m/s^2]
4.00
4.08 3.04 4.35
4.07 3.03 4.34
4.02 2.98 4.30 3.00
3.97 2.93 4.24
3.80 2.77 4.07 2.00
3.61 2.54 3.88
3.40 2.29 3.67 1.00
3.16 2.01 3.43
2.89 1.71 3.16
0.00
2.70 1.52 2.96 0.00 10.00 20.00
2.42 1.22 2.67
2.15 0.95 2.40

1/a5[s^2/m]
0.33 Caracteristica inversului accel
0.31 1
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.33
1/a[s^2/m]

0.33 1
 1/a[s^2/m]
1
0.34
0.34
0.36
0.39
0.44
0.50
0.59
0.66 0
0 10 20 30 40 50
0.82
1.05 Va[m/s]
 Date generale
f 0.019
αmax 24 °
cx 0.35
ρaer [kg/m^3] 1.225
ma [kg] 2015
g [m/s^2] 10
ηtr 0.42
a/L 0.49
hg/L 0.18
b 1472.88
a 1415.12
b/L 0.51
φ 0.8
hg 519.84

Greutatile ce revin puntilor Masele ce revin pneurilor puntii din fata(mp1), repectiv
10684.50 mp1 [kg] 534.225
10265.5 mp2 kg] 513.275
Va[m/s]
28 33 39 44 50 56 61 66

20 30 40 50 60 70
Va[m/s]
normale in regimul franarii

e normale Z si reactiunile tangentiale X:

α X1 X2
-10425 0 -10961.04 -5799
-5515 2 -10954.36 -5795
4 -10934.34 -5785
rotile puntii fata in regimul demararii este: 6 -10901 -5767
8 -10854.37 -5743
Z1= 13031 10 -10794.52 -5711
12 -10721.51 -5672
Z2= 6894 14 -10635.45 -5627
16 -10536 -5574
re dinamica sunt: 18 -10425 -5515

1.21959012089614
0.671562356404333

Caracteristi
Observatii ce [g/kWh] ce-1:10 P-3:1 1400
Turatia de mers in gol 309.6 30.96 255.08
1200
291.6 29.16 409.36
284.4 28.44 490.26 1000
278.4 27.84 572.54
800
273.6 27.36 655.39
M[Nm]

270.0 27.00 737.96 600

267.6 26.76 819.41
400
Turatia de consum specific minim 266.4 26.64 898.92
Turatia de moment maxim 266.4 26.64 975.64 200
267.6 26.76 1048.74
270.0 0
27.00 1117.38 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
273.6 27.36 1180.73 N
284.4 28.44 1288.23
291.6 29.16 1330.69
300.0 30.00 1364.53
 309.6 30.96 1388.89
320.4 32.04 1402.96
Turatia de putere maxima 332.4 33.24 1405.88
345.6 34.56 1396.83
Turatia maxima de functionare 360.0 36.00 1374.97

500

450

Caracteristica de consum specific 400

350

300

P[kW]
250

200

150

100

50

0
500 1000 1500 2000
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
n[rpm]

Va2[m/s] Va3[m/s] Va4[m/s] Va5[m/s] Va6[m/s]

5.60 6.94 8.58 10.62 8.26
8.41 10.40 12.88 15.93 12.38
11.21 13.87 17.17 21.24 16.51
14.01 17.34 21.46 26.56 20.64
16.81 20.81 25.75 31.87 24.77
19.62 24.28 30.04 37.18 28.90
22.42 27.74 34.33 42.49 33.02
23.82 29.48 36.48 45.14 35.09
24.52 30.35 37.55 46.47 36.12
24.59 30.43 37.66 46.61 36.22
25.22 31.21 38.63 47.80 37.15
25.57 31.65 39.16 48.46 37.67
26.62 32.95 40.77 50.46 39.22
29.43 36.41 45.06 55.77 43.34
32.23 39.88 49.36 61.08 47.47
35.03 43.35 53.65 66.39 51.60
37.83 46.82 57.94 71.70 55.73
38.53 47.69 59.01 73.03 56.76
40.64 50.29 62.23 77.01 59.86
42.04 52.02 64.38 79.67 61.92
 Caract
25000

20000

15000
Fr[N]

10000

5000

0
0 10 20 30 40

Bilantul de tractiune pentru treapta de priza directa

9000.0

8000.0

7000.0
 Bilantul de tractiune pentru treapta de priza directa
9000.0

8000.0

7000.0

6000.0
Rrul, Rrul+Rp+Ra,FR5

Column B 5000.0
Column F
Column H
Column D 4000.0

3000.0

2000.0

1000.0

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Va[m/s]

Column C
Column E
Column G
Column H

0
0

Pr1
Pr2
Pr3
Pr4
Pr5
Pr6

0
 D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6

60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

v[m/s]

Caracteristica inversului acceleratiilor

1/a1
1/a2
1/a3
1/a4
1/a5
 1/a1
1/a2
1/a3
1/a4
1/a5

30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Va[m/s]
tii din fata(mp1), repectiv puntii din spate(mp2)
 Z1 Z2 m1 m2
13701 7249 1.28235 0.70612
13693 7244 1.28157 0.70569
13668 7231 1.27923 0.70440
13626 7209 1.27533 0.70225
13568 7178 1.26987 0.69925
13493 7139 1.26987 0.69539
13402 7090 1.25433 0.69069
13294 7033 1.24426 0.68515
13171 6968 1.23268 0.67877
13031 6894 1.21959 0.67156
 Caracteristica exterioara
500
450
400
350
300
P[kW]

250
200
150
100
50
0
00 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
N[rpm]
 ce[g/kWh]

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500

N[rpm]
 Caracteristica fortei la roata

Column J
Column K
Column L
Column M
Column N
Column R

30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Va[m/s]

iza directa
iza directa

Column B
Column D
Column F

70 80 90
 Column J
Column K
Column L
Column M
Column N
Column R