CN1
CN1
CN1
Cinilndree [cm3]
1 2993
2 1968
3 1968
4 1968
5 1997
6 1956
7 1984
8 1999
9 1997
10 1997
2243104
215/55 R16
Tip pneu
V[km/h] Va[m/s] f
0 0 0.018
20 5.56 0.018
40 11.11 0.018
60 16.67 0.018
80 22.22 0.018
100 27.78 0.018
120 33.33 0.018
140 38.89 0.018
160 44.44 0.018
180 50.00 0.018
200 55.56 0.018
220 61.11 0.018
239 66.39 0.018
α Ga[N] Rp[N]
0 20950 0.00
2 20950 731.14
4 20950 1461.40
6 20950 2189.87
8 20950 2915.68
10 20950 3637.93
12 20950 4355.75
14 20950 5068.26
16 20950 5774.60
18 20950 6473.91
Rd[N]=ma*a 9532.25
Deplasare cu Vmax
Frvmax[N]=Rr+Ra 2958.54
2919.13
Pvmax= 467.65
𝛂=0,76
𝜷=1,06
𝜸=−𝟎,𝟖𝟐
Caracteristica de putere
500
450
400
350
300
P[kW]
250
200
150
100
50
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
n[rpm]
5.3.1 Determinarea valorii maxime a raportului de transmitere (conditia plecarii de pe loc la limita de
Gad 11405.4563878831
2.37
5.3.2 Determinarea valorii raportului de transmitereal primei trepte din cutia de viteze
2.35
io=itmin=2,66
2.30
1.90 `
Treapta I
1.53
Treapta II
Treapta III
1.24
Treapta IV (priza directa)
1 Treapta V
Treapta VI
1.29
6. Studiul si determinarea performantelor dinamice de trecere si demarare
6.1. Performantele dinamice de trecere
5.56
4.49
3.63
2.93
2.37
3.05
PR=P*ηtr=Prul+Pa+Pp
Date de intare
δR 0.025
δM 0.03
lm+a 0.55
IR 3
Icv1 3.67
Icv2 2.65
Icv3 1.92
Icv4 1.38
Icv5 1
Icv6 0.89
g[m/s^2] 9.81
Inversul acceleratiilor
Va1[m/s]
1.67
2.50
3.33
4.16
5.00
5.83
6.66
7.08
7.29
7.31
7.49
7.60
7.91
8.74
9.58
10.41
11.24
11.45
12.07
12.49
Timp de demarare
Spațiu de demarare
6.3 Performanțele de frânare ale autovehiculelor
Parametrii ce caracterizează frânarea autovehiculului sunt: deceleraţia, spaţiul şi timpul de frânare. P
Spațiu de frânare
600.000
500.000 Sf1[m]
Sf2[m]
400.000
Sf3[m]
300.000
Sf[m]
Sf4[m]
200.000 Sf5[m]
100.000 Sf6[m]
0.000 Sf7[m]
Spațiu de frânare
600.000
500.000 Sf1[m]
Sf2[m]
400.000
Sf3[m]
300.000
Sf[m]
Sf4[m]
200.000 Sf5[m]
100.000 Sf6[m]
0.000 Sf7[m]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
V[km/h]
Timpul de frânare
25.000
20.000 tf1[m]
tf2[m]
15.000 tf3[m]
tf[s]
tf4[m]
10.000
tf5[m]
5.000 tf[6]
tf7[m]
0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
V[km/h]
αr[°]=unghi la rasturnare
57.8
𝜑 αp[°]=unghi la patinare
0.8 14.7
0.7 12.9
0.6 11.1
0.5 9.3
0.4 7.5
0.3 5.6
0.2 3.8
Stabilitate transversala
v[m/s] 𝛽𝑟 vr[m/s]
0 45.89 22.13
1.55 45.61 22.07
2.32 45.26 21.94
3.10 44.77 21.52
3.87 44.14 23.28
4.64 43.37 23.30
5.42 42.47 22.85
6.19 41.42 22.71
6.58 40.85 22.67
6.77 40.55 22.65
6.79 40.52 22.65
6.96 40.24 22.64
7.06 40.08 22.63
7.35 39.60 22.62
8.12 38.22 22.59
8.90 36.72 22.57
9.67 35.09 22.55
10.45 33.35 22.54
10.64 32.89 22.54
11.22 31.49 22.53
11.61 30.53 22.53
12.54 28.10 22.52
13.64 25.13 22.51
14.73 22.04 22.51
15.00 21.25 22.51
15.82 18.87 22.51
16.36 17.26 22.50
17.68 13.37 22.50
19.22 8.90 22.50
20.76 4.59 22.50
21.14 3.54 22.49
22.30 0.50 22.49
Dimensiunea anvelopelor
Putere [kW] la [rot/min]
Radiala
Diamentrul interior al pneului(inch)- d/[mm]
406.4
Inaltimea profilului - H [mm]
118.25
Rrul[N]
20950 358.64 9962.32 200
20950 358.64 11954.78 150
20950 358.64 13947.24 100
20950 358.64 15939.71
50
20950 358.64 17932.17
0
20950 358.64 19924.63 0 6
20950 358.64 21917.10
20950 358.64 23809.94
10000
100
0.35 2.71 286.88 6375.21
0.35 2.71 448.26 12451.58
0.35 2.71 645.49 21516.33
10
0.35 2.71 878.58 34167.13
0.35 2.71 1147.54 51001.66
0.35 2.71 1452.35 72617.60
1
0.35 2.71 1793.03 99612.62 0 1
0.35 2.71 2169.56 132584.40
0.35 2.71 2560.49 169987.93
7000
6000
5000
4000
Rp[N]
3000
2000
1000
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Alfa
tilor autovehiculelor
4.2 Calculul reactiunilor normale in
X1= 𝑓* Z1
X2=𝜑 *Z2
(𝑏/𝐿−ℎ𝑔/
Z1=Ga* 𝐿∗𝜑)/
(1−ℎ𝑔/𝐿∗𝜑)
*cos𝛼
(𝑎/𝐿)/
(1−ℎ𝑔/
𝐿∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
Z2=Ga*
(𝑎/𝐿)/
(1−ℎ𝑔/
𝐿∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
3.Coeficientii de incarcare dinamica
(1−ℎ𝑔/
m1= 𝑏∗𝜑)/
(1−ℎ𝑔/
𝐿∗𝜑 )*cos𝛼
m2= 1/(1−ℎ𝑔/
𝐿∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
α
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
[kW]
ce=0,65
ca=1,10
Caracteris
1400
1200
1000
M[Nm] 800
600
400
200
0
4000 4500 5000 5500 500 1000 1500 2000 250
4.163
5.56
` Viteza 800 16.3
I
16.3 5000 81.5
81.5 2600 20.2
II
20.2 5000 50.4
50.4 2600 25.0
III
25.0 5000 62.4
62.4 2600 30.9
IV
30.9 5000 77.3
irecta)
77.3 2600 124.3
V
124.3 5000 95.6
95.6 2600 29.7
VI
29.7223002139705 5000 74.3
74.3057505349262
de trecere si demarare ale autovehiculului
n[rpm]
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
3200
3400
3500
3510
3600
3650
3800
4200
4600
5000
5400
5500
5800
6000
9000.0
Va5[m/s] Fr5 [N] Ra5 [N] Fr5-Ra5
8000.0
7000.0
9000.0
Rrul, Rrul+Rp+Ra,Fr5,Fr5-Ra5
42.49 8415 1048.8 7367
45.14 8463 1184.0 7279 5000.0
46.47 8478 1254.6 7224
46.61 8463 1261.8 7201
4000.0
47.80 8415 1327.4 7088
48.46 8337 1364.5 6972
50.46 8085 1478.9 6606 3000.0
Pr[kW]
300
394.01 394.01 394.01
394.40 394.40 394.40
402.26 402.26 402.26
404.03 404.03 404.03 200
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
0.8059 0.6508 0.5253 0.424 0.341
0.8616 0.6953 0.5604 0.451 0.361
0.8835 0.7123 0.5730 0.459 0.365
0.9016 0.7259 0.5827 0.465 0.366
0.9158 0.7364 0.5894 0.468 0.365
0.9263 0.7435 0.5931 0.467 0.360
0.9330 0.7473 0.5938 0.464 0.352
0.9371 0.7498 0.5945 0.463 0.347
0.9382 0.7503 0.5942 0.462 0.345
0.9364 0.7488 0.5929 0.461 0.344
0.9306 0.7436 0.5881 0.456 0.338
0.9214 0.7360 0.5816 0.450 0.333
0.8923 0.7117 0.5609 0.431 0.315
0.8701 0.6917 0.5416 0.411 0.291
0.8440 0.6684 0.5193 0.388 0.264
0.8142 0.6419 0.4941 0.362 0.234
0.7806 0.6120 0.4658 0.332 0.201
0.7462 0.5835 0.4417 0.311 0.182
0.7062 0.5490 0.4105 0.281 0.149
0.6636 0.5131 0.3791 0.252 0.1206
eratiilor
Date calculate
δ1 1.23
δ2 1.14
δ3 1.09
δ4 1.07
δ5 1.05
δ6 1.05
5.83 0.86 6
6.66 0.97 4
7.08 1.03 2
7.29 1.06
0
7.31 1.06 0 5 10 15 20 25
7.49 1.09 V[m/
7.60 1.10
7.91 1.15
8.74 1.27
9.58 1.39
10.41 1.52
11.24 1.66
11.45 1.70
12.07 1.81
12.49 1.89
13.25 2.03
14.41 2.24
15.56 2.47
15.85 2.53
16.71 2.72
17.29 2.85
18.34 3.09
19.94 3.46
21.53 3.85
21.93 3.96
23.13 4.30
23.93 4.54
25.39 4.97
27.60 5.67
29.80 6.44
30.36 6.64
32.01 7.33
33.12 7.84
35.14 8.72
38.19 10.24
41.25 12.03
42.01 12.53
44.31 14.40
45.83 16.00
v[m/s] Sd[m]
0 0
1.67 0.44 Spațiul d
2.50 0.76 250
3.33 1.19
4.16 1.71 200
5.00 2.33
5.83 3.04 150
Sd[m]
6.66 3.85
100
7.08 4.28
7.29 4.50 50
7.31 4.52
7.49 4.73 0
7.60 4.84 0 5 10 15 20
7.91 5.20
8.74 6.26
9.58 7.42
10.41 8.69
11.24 10.07
11.45 10.42
12.07 11.55
12.49 12.34
13.25 13.89
14.41 16.47
15.56 19.32
15.85 20.05
16.71 22.39
17.29 24.04
18.34 27.30
19.94 32.81
21.53 38.96
21.93 40.54
23.13 45.68
23.93 49.31
25.39 56.58
27.60 69.11
29.80 83.32
30.36 86.98
32.01 99.11
33.12 107.77
35.14 125.41
38.19 156.70
41.25 193.45
42.01 203.02
44.31 236.04
45.83 260.49
spaţiul şi timpul de frânare. Pentru aprecierea capacitătii de frânare,se folosesc deceleraţia maximă şi spaţiul minim de frân
g[m/s^2] φ
9.81 0.8 (df)maxp
9.81 0.7 (df)maxp
9.81 0.6 (df)maxp
9.81 0.5 (df)maxp
9.81 0.4 (df)maxp
9.81 0.3 (df)maxp
9.81 0.2 (df)maxp
tg𝛽𝑝 vp[m/s]
-26.57 13.99
-26.29 14.01
-25.94 14.03
-25.45 14.06
-24.82 14.10
-24.05 14.15
-23.14 14.20
-22.10 14.27
-21.52 14.30
-21.23 14.32
-21.20 14.32
-20.92 14.34
-20.76 14.35
-20.28 14.38
-18.90 14.46
-17.39 14.55
-15.77 14.65
-14.02 14.76
-13.57 14.79
-12.17 14.87
-11.21 14.93
-8.78 15.08
-5.81 15.27
-2.71 15.48
-1.93 15.53
0.46 15.69
2.06 15.80
5.95 16.09
10.42 16.44
14.73 16.81
15.78 16.91
18.82 17.21
Ecartament spate [mm]
Lungime [mm]
Inaltime [mm]
Latime [mm]
1528 4841 1846 1468
1618 4916 1855 1459
1518 4838 1783 1461
1551 4765 1820 1472
1557 4779 1860 1458
1587 4830 1856 1498
1585 4628 1865 1484
1570 4755 1795 1440
1552 4792 1920 1456
1609 4849 1868 1463
300.55575
Rezistenta la rulare[N]
400
350
300
250
Rrul[N]
200
150
100
50
0
0 6 11 17 22 28 33 39 44 50 56 61 66
Va[m/s]
10000
1000
100
10
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Va[m/s]
10 12 14 16 18
FRa1max[N] 9890.89
amax[m/s] 3.5
δ=coef.maselor in rotat 1.3
X1= 162
X2= 9124
𝑏/𝐿−ℎ𝑔/
∗𝜑)/ Z1= 8519
1−ℎ𝑔/𝐿∗𝜑)
cos𝛼
𝑎/𝐿)/
1−ℎ𝑔/
∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
𝑎/𝐿)/ Z2= 11405
1−ℎ𝑔/
∗𝜑)*cos𝛼
ntii de incarcare dinamica sunt:
−ℎ𝑔/
𝜑)/ m1= 0.79733985011
−ℎ𝑔/
𝜑 )*cos𝛼
(1−ℎ𝑔/ m2= 1.1110473321205
𝜑)*cos𝛼
X1 X2 Z1 Z2
7166 9594 8958 11992
7162 9588 8952 11985
7149 9571 8936 11963
7127 9541 8909 11927
7096 9501 8870 11876
7057 9448 8822 11810
7009 9384 8762 11730
6953 9309 8692 11636
6888 9222 8611 11528
6815 9124 8519 11405
Caracteristica de moment
0 0.0
I 800 16.3 5000
5000 81.5
0 0.0
II 2600 20.2 4000
5000 50.4
0 0.0
III 2600 25.0 3000
Turatia n [rpm]
5000 62.4
0 0.0
IV 2600 30.9 2000
5000 77.3
0 0.0
V 2600 124.3 1000
5000 95.6
0 0.0
VI 2600 29.7
0
5000 74.3 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0
Viteza
Fr1 [N] Fr2 [N] Fr3 [N] Fr4 [N]
16896.06 13653.25 11032.82 8915.32
18076.57 14607.19 11803.67 9538.23
18556.15 14994.73 12116.83 9791.28
18961.96 15322.64 12381.81 10005.41
19293.97 15590.94 12598.61 10180.60
19552.21 15799.61 12767.24 10316.86
19736.67 15948.66 12887.68 10414.19
19847.34 16038.10 12959.95 10472.59
19884.23 16067.91 12984.04 10492.05
19847.34 16038.10 12959.95 10472.59
19736.67 15948.66 12887.68 10414.19
19552.21 15799.61 12767.24 10316.86
18961.96 15322.64 12381.81 10005.41
18556.15 14994.73 12116.83 9791.28
18076.57 14607.19 11803.67 9538.23
17523.21 14160.03 11442.34 9246.24
16896.06 13653.25 11032.82 8915.32
16195.13 13086.85 10575.13 8545.47
15420.42 12460.83 10069.26 8136.69
14571.93 11775.18 9515.21 7688.98
8000.0
7000.0
Diagrama fortei excedentare in treapta de priza directa
9000.0
8000.0
7000.0
6000.0
Rrul, Rrul+Rp+Ra,Fr5,Fr5-Ra5
5000.0
4000.0
3000.0
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Va[m/s]
400
350
Pr, Prul, Pa, Prul+Pp+Pa[kW]
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Va[m/s]
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Va[m/s]
Puterea la roata
10 20 30 40 50 60
Va[m/s]
D6
0.441 1.0000
0.469
0.478
0.9000
0.485
0.488
0.8000
0.489
0.487
0.7000
0.486
0.485
0.483 0.6000
0.479
0.473 0.5000
D
0.454
0.434 0.4000
0.411
0.385 0.3000
0.356
0.335 0.2000
0.304
0.275
0.1000
0.0000
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00
Va6[m/s] a1[m/s^2] a2[m/s^2] a3[m/s^2]
6.88 6.29 5.45 4.56
10.32 6.73 5.83 4.87
13.76 6.91 5.98 4.99
17.20 7.05 6.10 5.07
20.64 7.17 6.19 5.13
24.08 7.25 6.25 5.17
27.52 7.30 6.28 5.18
29.24 7.34 6.30 5.18
30.10 7.34 6.31 5.18
30.19 7.33 6.30 5.17
30.96 7.28 6.25 5.12
31.39 7.21 6.19 5.07
32.68 6.98 5.98 4.88
36.12 6.80 5.80 4.71
39.56 6.59 5.60 4.51
43.00 6.35 5.37 4.28
46.44 6.09 5.12 4.02
47.30 5.81 4.87 3.81
49.88 5.49 4.57 3.53
51.60 5.15 4.26 3.25
Timpul de demarare
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
V[m/s]
Spațiul de demarare
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
V[m/s]
mă şi spaţiul minim de frânare.
7.848 m/s^2
6.867 m/s^2
5.886 m/s^2
4.905 m/s^2
3.924 m/s^2
2.943 m/s^2
1.962 m/s^2
B[mm]
1268
Acceleraţie 0-100 km/h [s]
25000
20000
Prul[W]
15000
10000
5000
56 61 66 0 Va[m/s]
0 6 11 17 22 28 33 39 44 50
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
Pa[W]
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40
Va[m/s]
4.3 Calculul reactiunilor normale in regimul franarii
𝜑
Z1= Ga*(b/L+hg/L* )*cosα
Z2=Ga*(a/L-hg/L* 𝜑)*co𝛼
m1 m2
0.8383727 1.168224299
0.8378620 1.167512648
0.8363305 1.165378563
0.8337800 1.161824644
0.8302137 1.15685522
0.8256360 1.150476347
0.8200523 1.142695795
0.8134695 1.133523045
0.8058956 1.122969271
0.7973399 1.111047332
1015.01838637
350
300
250
ce[g/kwh]
200
150
100
50
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
n[rpm]
n[rpm] 𝜔 Va1[m/s]
800 83.78 4.53
1200 125.66 6.79
1600 167.55 9.06
2000 209.44 11.32
2400 251.33 13.59
2800 293.22 15.85
3200 335.10 18.12
3400 356.05 19.25
3500 366.52 19.82
3510 367.57 19.87
3600 376.99 20.38
3650 382.23 20.66
3800 397.94 21.51
4200 439.82 23.78
4600 481.71 26.04
5000 523.60 28.31
5400 565.49 30.57
5500 575.96 31.14
5800 607.37 32.84
6000 628.32 33.97
Diagrama fierastrau
Viteza v [km/h]
Fr5 [N] Fr6 [N]
7204.23 9269.01
7707.58 9916.63
7912.07 10179.72
8085.10 10402.34
8226.67 10584.48
8336.77 10726.15
8415.42 10827.34
8462.61 10888.05
8478.34 10908.29
8462.61 10888.05
8415.42 10827.34
8336.77 10726.15
8085.10 10402.34
7912.07 10179.72
7707.58 9916.63
7471.64 9613.06
7204.23 9269.01
6905.37 8884.49
6575.04 8459.49
6213.26 7994.02
Column B
Column F
Column H
Column D
50 60 70 80 90
a[m/s]
Column C
Column E
Column G
Column H
40 50 60 70 80 90
Va[m/s]
40 50 60 70 80 90
Va[m/s]
oata
Pr1
Pr2
Pr3
Pr4
Pr5
Pr6
50 60 70 80 90
Pa6[kW]
0.33
1.10
2.62
5.11
8.83
14.02
20.92
25.10
27.38
27.61
29.79
31.05
35.04
47.31
62.15
79.81
100.54
106.23
124.58
137.92
Factorul dinamic
Va[m/s]
a4[m/s^2] a5[m/s^2] a6[m/s^2] 8.00
3.73 3.00 3.94
3.98 3.19 4.21 7.00
4.06 3.23 4.30
4.11 3.24 4.36 6.00
4.13 3.23 4.39
4.13 3.18 4.39
5.00
4.10 3.11 4.37
4.09 3.07 4.36 a[m/s^2]
4.00
4.08 3.04 4.35
4.07 3.03 4.34
4.02 2.98 4.30 3.00
3.97 2.93 4.24
3.80 2.77 4.07 2.00
3.61 2.54 3.88
3.40 2.29 3.67 1.00
3.16 2.01 3.43
2.89 1.71 3.16
0.00
2.70 1.52 2.96 0.00 10.00 20.00
2.42 1.22 2.67
2.15 0.95 2.40
1/a5[s^2/m]
0.33 Caracteristica inversului accel
0.31 1
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.33
1/a[s^2/m]
0.33 1
1/a[s^2/m]
1
0.34
0.34
0.36
0.39
0.44
0.50
0.59
0.66 0
0 10 20 30 40 50
0.82
1.05 Va[m/s]
Date generale
f 0.019
αmax 24 °
cx 0.35
ρaer [kg/m^3] 1.225
ma [kg] 2015
g [m/s^2] 10
ηtr 0.42
a/L 0.49
hg/L 0.18
b 1472.88
a 1415.12
b/L 0.51
φ 0.8
hg 519.84
Greutatile ce revin puntilor Masele ce revin pneurilor puntii din fata(mp1), repectiv
10684.50 mp1 [kg] 534.225
10265.5 mp2 kg] 513.275
Va[m/s]
28 33 39 44 50 56 61 66
20 30 40 50 60 70
Va[m/s]
normale in regimul franarii
1.21959012089614
0.671562356404333
Caracteristi
Observatii ce [g/kWh] ce-1:10 P-3:1 1400
Turatia de mers in gol 309.6 30.96 255.08
1200
291.6 29.16 409.36
284.4 28.44 490.26 1000
278.4 27.84 572.54
800
273.6 27.36 655.39
M[Nm]
500
450
350
300
P[kW]
250
200
150
100
50
0
500 1000 1500 2000
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
n[rpm]
20000
15000
Fr[N]
10000
5000
0
0 10 20 30 40
8000.0
7000.0
Bilantul de tractiune pentru treapta de priza directa
9000.0
8000.0
7000.0
6000.0
Rrul, Rrul+Rp+Ra,FR5
Column B 5000.0
Column F
Column H
Column D 4000.0
3000.0
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Va[m/s]
Column C
Column E
Column G
Column H
0
0
Pr1
Pr2
Pr3
Pr4
Pr5
Pr6
0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
v[m/s]
1/a1
1/a2
1/a3
1/a4
1/a5
1/a1
1/a2
1/a3
1/a4
1/a5
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Va[m/s]
tii din fata(mp1), repectiv puntii din spate(mp2)
Z1 Z2 m1 m2
13701 7249 1.28235 0.70612
13693 7244 1.28157 0.70569
13668 7231 1.27923 0.70440
13626 7209 1.27533 0.70225
13568 7178 1.26987 0.69925
13493 7139 1.26987 0.69539
13402 7090 1.25433 0.69069
13294 7033 1.24426 0.68515
13171 6968 1.23268 0.67877
13031 6894 1.21959 0.67156
Caracteristica exterioara
500
450
400
350
300
P[kW]
250
200
150
100
50
0
00 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
N[rpm]
ce[g/kWh]
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
N[rpm]
Caracteristica fortei la roata
Column J
Column K
Column L
Column M
Column N
Column R
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Va[m/s]
iza directa
iza directa
Column B
Column D
Column F
70 80 90
Column J
Column K
Column L
Column M
Column N
Column R