Ecowas Key Energy Facts and Figures

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ECOWAS Key Energy

Facts and Figures


2023 Edition
Economic Community
of West African States
Published by:
ECOWAS Directorate for Energy and Mines (DoEM)
Niger House 817 Ralph Sodeinde - Abuja, Nigeria

Authors:
Salim M. CHITOU, NTU Senior expert in energy database and energy information
systems for ECOWAS
Emmanuel Wendsongré RAMDE, Team Leader - Senior Expert in Energy Policy and
Regulatory and Institutional Framework ECOWAS AGoSE-AO Programme

Reviewed by:
Bayaornibè DABIRE, Director of Energy and Mines, ECOWAS Commission
Arkadius KOUMOIN, Acting Principal Programme Officer, Conventional Energy, ECOWAS
Commission
Aitchath Nana TRAORE, Junior Expert in Administration and Program Management
ECOWAS AGoSE-AO Programme

Maps
The maps are for informational purposes only and do not constitute recognition
of international boundaries or regions; ECOWAS Commission makes no claims
concerning the validity, accuracy or completeness of the maps nor assumes any
liability resulting from the use of the information therein.

Place and date of publication


Abuja, Nigeria, December 2023

Source of data:
This document is based on the energy statistics provided by the national focal points
designated by the Ministries in charge of Energy in ECOWAS Member States and
compiled on the ECOWAS energy information system: website https://eis.ecowas.int.

DISCLAIMER:
This publication and the material it contains are provided “as is”, for informational
purposes. Neither DoEM nor any of its officials, agents, data providers or third party
content providers provide any warranty as to the accuracy of the information and
material featured in this publication, or as to the non-infringement of third party
rights, and they accept no responsibility or liability with regard to the use of this
publication and the material featured therein.

This publication was supported by the EUROPEAN UNION in the framework of the
Programme for the Improvement of the Energy Sector Governance in West Africa
(AGoSE-AO, Acronym in French), under the project entitled: "Technical Assistance
to ECOWAS for implementatin of the 11th EDF Energy Governance in West Africa
(AGoSE-AO)". The project is implemented by NTU International A/S.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 2


Edition 2023
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere thanks to the national focal points
who have contributed to the drafting of this document. These include:

Mr. Pascal S. DEGBEGNON, Ministry of Energy, Water and Mines, Benin


Mr. Serge AKPO, Ministry of Energy, Water and Mines, Benin
Mr. Soumaila GORO, Ministry of Energy, Mines and Quarries, Burkina Faso
Ms. Jaqueline PINA, Ministry of Industry, Trade and Energy, Cape Verde
Mr. M. Helder Ramos LIMA, Ministry of Industry, Trade and Energy, Cape Verde
Mr. François KOKOLA, Ministry of Mines, Petroleum and Energy, Côte d'Ivoire
Mr. Siriki GNIGBOGNIMA, Ministry of Mines, Petroleum and Energy, Côte d'Ivoire
Mr. Fatajo SANNA, Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, The Gambia
Mr. Lamine K. MARONG, Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, The Gambia
Mr. Kofi ANSONG-DWAMENA, Energy Commission of Ghana, Ghana
Mr. Chris ANAGLO, Ministry of Energy, Ghana
Mr. Karifa KOUROUMA, Ministry of Energy, Hydraulics and Hydrocarbons, Guinea
Mr. Julio Antonio RAUL, Ministry of Energy and Industry, Guinea Bissau
Mr. William F. de Pina ARAUJO, Ministry of Energy and Industry, Guinea Bissau
Mr. Prince Nanlee JOHSON, Ministry of Mines and Energy, Liberia
Mr. Prince Cephus WILSON, Ministry of Mines and Energy, Liberia
Ms. Aminata FOFANA, Ministry of Energy and Water, Mali
Ms. Falmata MALLA KIARI, Ministry of Petroleum, Mines and Energy, Niger
Mr. Sani MATY, Ministry of Petroleum, Mines and Energy, Niger
Mr. Mohammed Adam MUNDU, Energy Commission of Nigeria, Nigeria
Mr. Emanuel O. OJO, Federal Ministry of Power, Nigeria
Ms. Fatou THIAM SOW, Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Senegal
Mr. Mamadou SAMBOU, Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Senegal
Mr. Benjamin KAMARA, Ministry of Energy, Sierra Leone
Mr. Mustapha SANNOH, Ministry of Energy, Sierra Leone
Mr. Akassewa Tchapo SINGO, Ministry attached to the President of the Republic in
charge of Energy and Mines, Togo
Mr. Stephane DJASSAH, Ministry attached to the President of the Republic in charge of
Energy and Mines, Togo

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 3


Edition 2023
Table of Contents
Foreword�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6

Total Energy Supply (TES)�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7

Energy Transformation���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10

Final Consumption�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14

Energy Trade���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16

Sustainable Energy Indicators���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17

Environmental Indicators�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19

Simplified ECOWAS Energy Balances (ktoe) in 2021�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21

ECOWAS Energy Flow Diagram (ktoe) of 2021�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23

Evolution of the Main Energy Indicators in the ECOWAS Region between 2018 and 2021�������������������24

Key Definitions and Terminologies�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������27

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 4


Edition 2023
Figures
Figure 1: ECOWAS total energy supply in 2021 �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7

Figure 2: Evolution of total energy supply in ECOWAS �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������8

Figure 3: Evolution of electricity generation (GWh) in the region ���������������������������������������������������������������10

Figure 4: Evolution of the production of oil products (ktoe) in the region�������������������������������������������������11

Figure 5: Evolution of the production of charcoal products (ktoe) in the region�������������������������������������12

Figure 6: Total final consumption by energy source in 2021�����������������������������������������������������������������������14

Figure 7: Total final consumption by sector of activity in 2021�������������������������������������������������������������������15

Figure 8: Final energy consumption by sector of activity and by type of energy in 2021�����������������������15

Figure 9: Energy trade in 2021 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16

Figure 10: Household access to electricity in ECOWAS���������������������������������������������������������������������������������18

Figure 11: CO2 emissions by sector of activity and by type of energy in 2021 �����������������������������������������20

Figure 12: Energy flow diagram for ECOWAS in 2021�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������23

Figure 13: Atlas of electricity consumption per capita of ECOWAS in 2021 ���������������������������������������������25

Figure 14: Atlas of energy consumption per capita of ECOWAS in 2021���������������������������������������������������26

Figure 15: Regional household access to electricity (%)�������������������������������������������������������������������������������28

Tables
Table 1:Total energy supply by country (ktoe) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9

Table 2: Energy sources for electricity generation (ktoe) in 2021���������������������������������������������������������������10

Table 3: Efficiency of ECOWAS refineries in 2021�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11

Table 4: Average charcoal production by country (kg) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������13

Table 5: Some sustainable energy indicators in ECOWAS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������17

Table 6: Environmental indicators in ECOWAS�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19

Table 7: Evolution of CO2 emissions per sector (Gg CO2)�����������������������������������������������������������������������������20

Table 8: 2021 ECOWAS energy balance�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21-22

Table 9: ECOWAS main energy indicators 2018-2021�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������24

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 5


Edition 2023
Foreword

This publication from the ECOWAS Directorate of Energy and Mines provides readers
with key figures of the energy sector within the ECOWAS region. The 2023 edition
provides data on energy supply, transformation, energy consumption, trade and
key environmental and sustainable development indicators up to the year 2021,
based on data made available by the Member States. The entire ECOWAS energy
system is summarised in the energy flow diagram.

The methodology used follows the international recommendations on energy sta-


tistics which are universally recognised and adopted by African countries through
the African Energy Commission (AFREC). Obviously, the methodology considers
the specificities of ECOWAS region throughout the data collection and processing.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES is a summary of the statistics published
by the ECOWAS EIS via its website www.eis.ecowas.int.

The Directorate of Energy and Mines of ECOWAS hopes that this publication will
be useful for decision-makers, analysts, planners, private promoters, researchers,
academics and other stakeholders interested in the energy sector in West Africa
and beyond.

Bayaornibè DABIRE
Director of Energy and Mines,
ECOWAS Commission

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 6


Edition 2023
01 Total Energy Supply (TES)

ECOWAS energy supply includes biomass energy, crude oil and petroleum products, natural gas, hydro-
electricity, mineral coal, solar and other renewable energies.

In 2021, the total energy supply in the ECOWAS region is estimated at 145,785 ktoe. This supply
is dominated by biomass energy which represents nearly 61% of the supplies. Hydroelectricity con-
tributes to nearly 1.4% of energy supplies to the ECOWAS region and imported electricity only 0.1%.

Figure 1: ECOWAS total energy supply in 2021

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 7


Edition 2023
3.2% Average annual increase in energy procurement
between 2010 and 2021.

Between 2010 and 2021, total energy supply passed from 103,199 ktoe to 145,785 ktoe.

The biggest increase has been in photovoltaic solar energy, which has seen an average annual increase
of 48%, with electricity production rising from 18 GWh to 1,500 GWh by 2021.

Figure 2: Evolution of total energy supply in ECOWAS

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 8


Edition 2023
The table below shows the evolution of total energy supply for each Member State between 2018 and
2021. ECOWAS statistics between 2019 and 2021 are estimated based on historical data from the
countries and will be automatically updated online as soon as the data is available.

Table 1: Total energy supply by country (ktoe)

Exchanges between Member States are not considered as ECOWAS supplies, so


1

the sum of Member States' supplies will be different from that of the region.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 9


Edition 2023
02 Energy Transformation
Transformation is the process of converting energy from one form to another. Energy transformation
generally takes place in energy industries such as power plants, refineries or the artisanal processes
of producing charcoal from firewood. The following tables summarise main transformation processes
within ECOWAS.

Table 2: Energy sources for electricity generation (ktoe) in 2021

In 2021, natural gas was the primary source of electricity production (42%) in the ECOWAS region;
it is followed by petroleum products (37%) and hydroelectricity (19%). Photovoltaic solar represents
less than 1% in the production of electrical energy in ECOWAS.
Electricity generation (GWh)

Figure 3: Evolution of electricity generation (GWh) in the region

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 10


Edition 2023
The Member States producing petroleum products are Côte d’Ivoire (49%), Nigeria (29%), Niger (10%),
Senegal (9%) and Ghana (4%). It should be noted that although Côte d’Ivoire ranks third in crude oil
production (2% of the region’s crude oil production), it ranks first in the refining industry.

Table 3: Efficiency of ECOWAS refineries in 2021

Figure 4: Evolution of the production of oil products (ktoe) in the region

94% Overall efficiency of oil refineries in the ECOWAS region in 2021.

In 2021, charcoal production was the main energy industry in the region, despite the use of other
cooking methods such as gas stoves.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 11


Edition 2023
19 kg In 2021, to produce 19 kg of charcoal 100 kg of
wood were used in ECOWAS.

Figure 5: Evolution of charcoal production (ktoe) in the ECOWAS region

The energy efficiency of charcoal production in the ECOWAS region is estimated at around 42% in 2021,
while in terms of mass, it is 19%. This means that to produce 19 kg of charcoal, 100 kg of firewood
were used.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 12


Edition 2023
Table 4: Average charcoal production by country (kg)

Guinea, Liberia and Togo are the countries with the highest per capita charcoal production. In Niger,
carbonisation is not permitted, and in Cape Verde, charcoal production per capita is the lowest in the
region. Average charcoal production per capita in the region is 52 kg.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 13


Edition 2023
03 Final Consumption

The final consumption is presented by energy sources and energy activities.

a) Energy sources

Total final consumption in ECOWAS in 2021 was 140 million toe of which
59% was biomass (wood, waste, charcoal), 33% petroleum products and
only 7% electricity. Natural gas accounted for less than 1% of total final
consumption.

7% In 2021, electricity represents only 7% of the


final energy consumption of ECOWAS.

Figure 6: Total final consumption by energy source in 2021

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 14


Edition 2023
b) Energy activities

Figure 7: Total final consumption by sector of activity in 2021

Total final consumption in the ECOWAS region is dominated by the residential and transport sector.

Consumption for agriculture is marginal (0.2 %) and reflects the low productivity of agriculture in the
region. The share of industry falls below 10%.
Final energy consumption (ktoe)

Figure 8: Final energy consumption by sector of activity and by type of energy in 2021

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 15


Edition 2023
04 Energy Trade
Biomass exchanges of the ECOWAS region are quite marginal. Oil products are mainly imported.
Crude oil and natural gas mainly exported.

Figure 9: Energy trade between ECOWAS and rest of the World in 2021

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 16


Edition 2023
05 Sustainable Energy
Indicators

Table 5: Some sustainable energy indicators in ECOWAS

3.3% Between 2018 and 2021, the share of renewable energies in the
production of electrical energy increased by 3.3% per year.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 17


Edition 2023
Access to electricity in ECOWAS
Proportion of households with access to electricity in 2021*

Figure 10: Household access to electricity in ECOWAS

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS 18


Edition 2023
06 Environmental Indicators
CO2 emissions in the ECOWAS region, calculated according to the recommendations of the Intergov-
ernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), increased by 1.1% per year between 2018 and 2021.

Table 6: Environmental indicators in ECOWAS

The transport sector, particularly road transport, is the main source of CO2 emissions in ECOWAS. In
2021, the transport sector accounted for 46% of CO2 emissions.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 19


Edition 2023
Table 7: Evolution of CO2 emissions per sector (Gg CO2 )

46% In 2021, transport sector accounted for 46%


of ECOWAS CO2 emissions.
CO2 emission (Gg)

Figure 11: CO2 emissions by sector of activity and by type of energy in 2021

Exchanges between Member States are not considered as ECOWAS supplies, and as a result the sum of Member
2

States' supplies will be different from that of the region.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 20


Edition 2023
07 Simplified ECOWAS Energy
Balances (ktoe) in 2021

Table 8: 2021 ECOWAS energy balance (part 1)

Continues >

3
Renewable Energy, solar, hydroelectricity, wind and other renewable energy sources
4
TES : Total Primary Energy Supply

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 21


Edition 2023
Table 8: 2021 ECOWAS energy balance (part 2)

Renewable Energy, solar, hydroelectricity, wind and other renewable energy sources
3

TFC : Total Final Consumption


5

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 22


Edition 2023
08 ECOWAS Energy Flow Diagram of 2021

Figure 12: Energy flow diagram6 for ECOWAS in 2021

6
Energy flow diagram is a visualisation at scale of the energy system from the supply (upstream) to
the final consumption (downstream). It is derived from the energy balance.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS 23


Edition 2023
09 Evolution of the Main Energy
Indicators in the ECOWAS Region
between 2018 and 2021
Table 9: ECOWAS Main energy indicators 2018-2021

Source: ECOWAS-EIS
Pro*
: Provisional
7
In 2020, some capacities have been demobilized

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 24


Edition 2023
Figure 13: Map of electricity consumption per capita of ECOWAS in 2021

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS 25


Edition 2023
Figure 14: Map of energy consumption per capita of ECOWAS in 2021

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS 26


Edition 2023
KEY DEFINITIONS
AND TERMINOLOGIES

Electricity access rate: Percentage of households/population with access to elec-


tricity (conventional network and individual or community solution).

Final consumption: Energy available for consumption after removing energy losses.

Total Energy Supply (TPES): production + imports – exports + net international


bunkers + net stock.

Transformation: Transformation output is the result of the transformation process


of energy products. This output covers production of derived products (secondary
products, sub-products and co-products) for example the conversion of wood into
charcoal or crude oil into petroleum products.

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 27


Edition 2023
Energy is the engine of development and its availability in quality and quantity in
all Member States is one of the priorities of the ECOWAS Commission. In 2013, at
the 43rd Ordinary Session of the ECOWAS Conference of Heads of State and Gov-
ernment, countries committed themselves to universal access to clean, affordable,
and sustainable energy services for all ECOWAS populations by 2030. The decade
we have just begun is crucial because it must serve as a compass and allow us
to make the necessary efforts to reach the targets set for ourselves and which is
getting closer and closer. I trust that this document, which perfectly summarizes
the energy situation in the ECOWAS region, will further motivate us to redouble our
efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 in the ECOWAS region by 2030.

Mr. Sédiko DOUKA


Commissioner for Infrastructure, Energy and Digitalization
of the ECOWAS Commission

ECOWAS KEY ENERGY FACTS and FIGURES 28


Edition 2023

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