Deep generative learning via Euler particle transport

Y Gao, J Huang, Y Jiao, J Liu, X Lu… - … and Scientific Machine …, 2022 - proceedings.mlr.press
Mathematical and Scientific Machine Learning, 2022proceedings.mlr.press
We propose an Euler particle transport (EPT) approach to generative learning. EPT is
motivated by the problem of constructing an optimal transport map from a reference
distribution to a target distribution characterized by the Monge-Ampe 're equation.
Interpreting the infinitesimal linearization of the Monge-Ampe 're equation from the
perspective of gradient flows in measure spaces leads to a stochastic McKean-Vlasov
equation. We use the forward Euler method to solve this equation. The resulting forward …
Abstract
We propose an Euler particle transport (EPT) approach to generative learning. EPT is motivated by the problem of constructing an optimal transport map from a reference distribution to a target distribution characterized by the Monge-Ampe ‘re equation. Interpreting the infinitesimal linearization of the Monge-Ampe ‘re equation from the perspective of gradient flows in measure spaces leads to a stochastic McKean-Vlasov equation. We use the forward Euler method to solve this equation. The resulting forward Euler map pushes forward a reference distribution to the target. This map is the composition of a sequence of simple residual maps, which are computationally stable and easy to train. The key task in training is the estimation of the density ratios or differences that determine the residual maps. We estimate the density ratios based on the Bregman divergence with a gradient penalty using deep density-ratio fitting. We show that the proposed density-ratio estimators do not suffer from the “curse of dimensionality” if data is supported on a lower-dimensional manifold. Numerical experiments with multi-mode synthetic datasets and comparisons with the existing methods on real benchmark datasets support our theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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