This paper designs a surface automatic cleaning robot based on MCU. The system mainly uses control technology, communication technology, electronic technology, and sensor technology to realize the functions of automatic garbage cleaning and remote-control garbage cleaning. It can be widely used to clean up solid garbage, duckweed, and oil pollution on various oceans, lakes, rivers, beaches and other water surfaces, and it can also be used to clean some dangerous areas for remote operations. The system includes hardware design and software design. The hardware design mainly includes the upper computer circuit part and the lower computer circuit part. The software design implements the corresponding program which is based on the corresponding hardware module circuit. Through intelligent algorithms such as water surface target path optimization and autonomous barriers, the problems of global path plan and real-time obstacle avoidance are solved. This type of robot can not only realize automatic unattended clean-up of surface water, but also use NRF905 module to achieve fixed-point cleaning. After the practical test, the robot can achieve the desired goal.