Data wiping tools permanently delete files by repeatedly overwriting data on a digital device,
making file recovery impossible. Unlike the conventional deletion methods, which merely
remove the file system pointer to the data, these tools are designed to entirely and
irretrievably erase the data. This method can be exploited to obliterate evidence of a crime.
Given the growing prevalence of such tools, a comprehensive analysis of permanent
deletion behavior is essential, especially concerning the Resilient File System (ReFS). In …