… of networks, such as wireless LANs and cellular networks. Section II of this paper presents …
wormhole attack and discusses how the wormhole attack can be used against ad hoc network …

… Wormhole attacks are one of the most severe attacks launched even in wireless networks …
Here we have introduced the consequences of wormhole attack on WSN routing protocols. …

… a packet, at one location in the network, tunnels the packet (… packet leashes to detect
wormhole attacks, and we present two types of leashes: geographic leashes and temporal leashes. …

… , an attacker places two or more transceivers at different locations on a wireless network as
… the wormhole attack and introduce packet leashes to defend against the wormhole attack. …

… CONCLUSIONS In this paper we reviewed one of the most severe routing attacks in wireless
networks, the wormhole attack. We discussed its impact on the underlying routing protocol …

… to detect other control attacks like the Sybil and the sinkhole attacks by changing the kind of
… for attack modes used to launch the wormhole attack in multihop wireless networks. We have …

… In [28], we introduced the concept of local monitoring and applied it to detection and isolation
of wormhole attacks in static networks, the problem addressed in the current paper. In [31], …

… wireless networks to the wormhole attack. One method or idea is of packet leashes for detecting
wormhole attacks. … hoc networks but also works for the other types of networks as well. A …

… As a result, a WSN’s reliability and precision are considered to be less reliable and precise
than a traditional wireless network. At the heart of a WSN are three types of densely deployed …

… range of wireless network protocols without … wormhole attack scenarios disrupting network
protocols and applications are available from [1], [4]. We now illustrate how a wormhole attack …