The traditional industrial Internet platform adopts a centralized data storage model, and the security sharing of data generated by terminal devices is a major bottleneck that hinders the development of industrial Internet. Along with the geometric growth of terminal data, protecting the security and integrity of data has become the core research area of the Industrial Internet. Blockchain is distributed, open, transparent and tamper-evident, and can provide a reliable underlying service to realize a distributed data security sharing system. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based data security sharing model for industrial Internet platforms, with a distributed blockchain network as the core to build up a decentralized data security sharing service. Meanwhile, to address the problems of high consensus latency, low throughput and performance, and no support for node dynamic management of the practical Byzantine fault-tolerant (PBFT) algorithm used in blockchain, a simplified consistency protocol and a new node management mechanism are introduced to achieve dynamic management of nodes while reducing the complexity of algorithm communication.