A significant source of variation in spontaneous speech is due to intra-speaker
pronunciation changes, often realized as small feature changes, eg, nasalized vowels or
affricated stops, rather than full phone transformations. Previous computational modeling of
pronunciation variation has typically involved transformations from one phone to another, in
part because most speech processing systems use phone-based units. Here, a phonetic-
feature-based prediction model is presented where phones are represented by a vector of …