The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) is part of NASA's Earth Observing
System (EOS), CERES objectives include the following. (1) For climate change analysis, …

One year of instantaneous top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) and surface shortwave and longwave
irradiances are computed using cloud and aerosol properties derived from instruments on …

Measurements at a sea platform show that the ocean surface albedo is highly variable and
is sensitive to four physical parameters: solar zenith angle, wind speed, transmission by …

A spectral general circulation model (GCM) is run for perpetual January with fixed sea surface
temperature conditions. It has internally generated, variable cloud optical properties as …

Using the computationally efficient discrete-ordinate method, we present an analytical
solution for radiative transfer in the coupled atmosphere–ocean system with a rough air–water …

We investigated the single scattering optical properties of snow for different ice particle shapes
and degrees of microscopic scale roughness. These optical properties were implemented …

Results from a temporally intensive, limited area, radiative transfer model experiment are on-line
for investigating the vertical profile of shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes from the …

The respective errors caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation and the
effective thickness approximation for computing the domain-averaged broadband shortwave …

Eppley’s precision spectral pyranometer (PSP) is used in networks around the world to
measure downwelling diffuse and global solar irradiance at the surface of the Earth. In recent …

A globally averaged, one‐dimensional radiative‐convective climate model is used to study
the effect of clouds on both the climate and the sensitivity of climate to changes in incoming …