See soorce fer Basque leid

{{Cloning error}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Basque
| nativename = {{lang|eu|euskara}}
| states = [[Spain]], [[Fraunce]]
| pronunciation = {{IPA-eu|eus̺ˈkaɾa|IPA}}
| region = [[Basque Kintra (greater region)|Basque Kintra]], [[Basque diaspora]].
| ethnicity = [[Basques|Basque]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|751,500|2}} <ref name="inkesta2016">{{fr}} [http://www.mintzaira.fr/fileadmin/documents/Aktualitateak/015_VI_ENQUETE_PB__Fr.pdf VI° Enquête Sociolinguistique en Euskal herria (Communauté Autonome d'Euskadi, Navarre et Pays Basque Nord)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114111/http://www.mintzaira.fr/fileadmin/documents/Aktualitateak/015_VI_ENQUETE_PB__Fr.pdf |date=2018-08-21 }} (2016).)</ref>
| date = 2016
| speakers2 = 1,185,500 [[passive speaker (leid)|passive speakers]]
| familycolor = Isolate
| family = [[Leid isolate]]<br/>([[Vasconic leids|Vasconic]])
| ancestor = [[Proto-Basque leid|Proto-Basque]]
| ancestor2 = [[Aquitanian leid|Aquitanian]]
| dia1 = [[Biscayan dialect|Biscayan]]
| dia2 = [[Gipuzkoan dialect|Gipuzkoan]]
| dia3 = [[Upper Navarrese dialect|Upper Navarrese]]
| dia4 = [[Navarro-Lapurdian dialect]]
| dia5 = [[Eastren Navarrese dialect|Eastren Navarrese]]
| dia6 = [[Souletin dialect|Souletin (Zuberoan)]]
| script = [[Basque alphabet]] ([[Laitin script]])<br/>[[Basque Braille]]
| nation = {{flag|Basque Autonomous Commonty}}<br />{{flag|Navarre}}
| minority = [[File:Drapeau proposé pour les Pyrenees-atlantiques.svg|24px]] [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]]
| agency = [[Euskaltzaindia]]
| iso1 = eu
| iso2b = baq
| iso2t = eus
| iso3 = eus
| lingua = 40-AAA-a
| glotto = basq1248
| glottorefname = Basque
| map = Euskalkiak.svg
| mapcaption = Schematic dialect auries o Basque. Licht-coloured dialects are extinct. See [[#Dialects|dialects]] ablo for details.
| map2 = File:Euskara EH 2011.svg
| mapcaption2 = Basque speakers + passive speakers (2011).
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
{{legend|#e31d1e|>80 %}}{{legend|#ef7d1d|>60 %}}{{legend|#2a5ca5|>40 %}}
{{Col-break}}
{{legend|#339929|>20 %}}{{legend|#adcc89|>0 %}}
{{Col-break}}
{{Col-end}}
| notice = IPA
}}
'''Basque''' (''Basque'': euskara, {{IPA-eu|eus̺kaɾa|pron}}) is the ancestral [[leid]] o the [[Basque fowk]], who inhabit the [[Basque Kintra (greater region)|Basque kintra]], a region spannin an aurie in northeastren [[Spain]] an soothwastren [[Fraunce]]. It is spaken bi 25.7% o Basques in aw territories (665,800 oot o 2,589,600).<ref name=IVInkesta>''IV. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa'' Gobierno Vasco, Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco 2008, ISBN 978-84-457-2775-1</ref> O thir, 614,000 live in the Spaingie pairt o the Basque kintra an the remainin 51,800 live in the French pairt.<ref name=IVInkesta />

In academic discussions o the distribution o Basque in Spain an Fraunce, it is customary tae refer tae [[Northren Basque Kintra|three auncient provinces]] in Fraunce an fower Spaingie provinces. Native speakers are concentratit in a contiguous aurie includin pairts o the Spaingie ''[[Autonomous communities in Spain|Autonomous Communities]]'' o the [[Basque Kintra (autonomous community)|Basque Autonomous Commonty]] (Spaingie: ''País Vasco''; Euskara: ''Euskadi'') an [[Navarre]] an in the wastren hauf o the French ''[[Depairtment (admeenistrative division)|Département]]'' o [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]]. The Autonomous Commonty o País Vasco/Euskadi is an admeenistrative entity athin the binational ethnographic Basque Kintra incorporatin the traditional Spaingie provinces o [[Biscay]], [[Gipuzkoa]], an [[Álava]], which retain thair existence as politico-admeenistrative diveesions.

Thir provinces an mony auries o Navarre are hivily populatit bi ethnic Basques, but the Euskara leid haed, at least till the 1990s, aw but disappeared frae maist o Álava, wastren pairts o Biscay an central an soothren auries o [[Navarre]]. In soothwastren Fraunce, the auncient Basque-populatit provinces wur [[Labourd]], [[Lawer Navarre]], an [[Soule]]. Thay an ither regions wur consolidatit intae a single ''département'' back in 1790 unner the name Basses-Pyrénées, which name persisted till 1969.

A standardized form o the Basque leid, cawed [[Standard Basque|Euskara Batua]], wis developed bi the [[Euskaltzaindia|Basque Language Academy]] in the late 1960s. Euskara Batua is mainly uised in the Spaingie Basque Kintra. In Fraunce the Basque leid schuil Seaska an the association for a bilingual schoolin Ikasbi meet a wide range o Basque leid educational needs up tae the Saxt Form, while aften strugglin tae surmount financial an admeenistrative constraints.

Apairt frae this staundardized version, thare are sax main Basque dialects, correspondin tae the abuin mentioned historic provinces populatit bi Basques: [[Bizkaian]], [[Gipuzkoan]], an [[Upper Navarrese]] in Spain an [[Lower Navarrese]], [[Lapurdian]], an [[Zuberoan]] (in Fraunce). Housomeivver, the dialect boondars are no congruent wi poleetical boondars.

== Names o the leid ==
In Basque, the name o the leid is offeecially ''Euskara'' (alangside various [[Basque dialects#Dialectal divergence|dialect]] forms). Thare are currently three etymological theories o the name ''Euskara'' that are taken seriously bi linguists an vasconists which are discussed in detail on the [[Basque fowk#Etymology o the wird Basque|Basque fowk]] page.

In French the leid is normally cawed ''basque'' or, in recent times, ''euskara''. Thare is a greater variety o Spaingie names for the leid. The day, it is maist commonly referred tae as ''el vasco'', ''la lengua vasca'' or ''el euskera''. Baith terms, ''vasco'' an ''basque'', are inheritit frae Latin [[ethnonym]] ''Vascones'' which in turn goes back tae the Greek  term ''ουασκωνους'' (ouaskōnous), an ethnonym uised bi [[Strabo]] in his ''[[Geographica]]'' (23 AD, Beuk III).<ref name=Trask>[[Larry Trask|Trask, L.]] ''The History of Basque'' Routledge: 1997 ISBN 0-415-13116-2</ref>

The term ''Vascuence'', derivit frae Latin ''vasconĭce'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=vascuence|title=Diccionario de la lengua española|publisher=Real Academia Española|accessdate=22 November 2008}}</ref> haes acquired negative connotations ower the centuries an is no well liked amangst Basque speakers generally. Its uise is documentit at least as far back as the 14t century when a law passed in [[Huesca]] in 1349 statit that ''Item nuyl corridor nonsia usado que faga mercadería ninguna que compre nin venda entre ningunas personas, faulando en algaravia nin en abraych nin en basquenç: et qui lo fara pague por coto XXX sol'' - essentially penalizin the uise o Arabic, Hebrew or Vascuence (Basque) wi a fine o 30 [[French sol|sols]].

== History an classification ==
Tho geographically surroondit bi [[Indo-European leids|Indo-European]] [[Romance leid]]s, Basque is classifee'd as a [[leid isolate]]. It is the last remainin pre-Indo-European leid in Wastren Europe.<ref name="Trask"/> Consequently, its prehistory mey no be reconstructible bi means o the [[comparative method]] except bi applyin it tae differences atween dialects athin the leid. Little is kent o its oreegins but it is likely that an early form o the Basque leid wis present in Wastren Europe afore the arrival o the Indo-European leids tae the aurie.

Latin inscriptions in [[Gallia Aquitania|Aquitania]] preserve a nummer o wirds wi [[cognates]] in reconstructit [[proto-Basque]], for instance the personal names ''Nescato'' an ''Cison'' (''neskato'' an ''gizon'' mean "yung girl" an "man" respectively in modren Basque). This leid is generally referred tae as [[Aquitanian leid|Aquitanian]] an is assumed tae hae been spoken in the aurie afore the [[Roman Republic|Roman]] conquests in the wastren [[Pyrenees]]. Roman neglect o this aurie alloued Aquitanian tae survive while the [[Iberie leid|Iberie]] an [[Tartessian leid]]s became extinct. Throu the lang contact wi Romance leids, Basque adoptit a sizable nummer o Romance wirds. Initially the soorce wis Latin, later [[Gascon leid|Gascon]] (a branch o [[Occitan leid|Occitan]]) in the northeast, [[Navarro-Aragonese]] in the sootheast an [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] in the soothwast.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://servicios.elcorreodigital.com/euskera/ Deustuko:Basque leid course (Spaingie)]
* [http://www.eoieuskadi.net Schools o leids o the Basque kintra that teach Basque]
* [http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/index.asp?hizkuntza=en Euskaltzaindia (The Royal Academy o the Basque Leid) offeecial web]
* [[Ethnologue]] haes reports on [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eus Basque] ([[ISO 639-1]]: eu), [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bqe Navarro-Labourdin] ([[ISO 639-3]]: bqe) an [http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=BSZ Souletin Basque].
* [http://basque.unr.edu/ Center for Basque Studies at University o Nevada, Reno]
* [http://www.buber.net/Basque/Euskara/ Basque language at Buber.net]
* [http://basque.unr.edu/09/9.3/9.3.18t/9.3.18.05.misc1.htm Basque Studies Program Newsletter] · Issue 18, 1978. Miguel Echegaray shares several suggestions o possible etymological connections atween Basque an Inglis words.
* [http://www.muturzikin.com/carte.htm Linguistic maps o Basque Kintra]
* [http://www.euskarakultur.org/ Euskara Kultur Elkargoa-Basque Cultural Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007042428/http://www.euskarakultur.org/ |date=2006-10-07 }}
* [http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/eus Basque] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213203328/http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/eus |date=2008-02-13 }} in the [[Rosetta Project]]
* [http://www.euskara.euskadi.net/r59-734/en/ Depairtment o Leid Policy] o the Basque Govrenment
* [http://www.eke.org/euskara/ Basque Culture Institute]
*  [http://projetbabel.org/basque/dictionnaire.php Dictionnaire étymologique basque by Michel Morvan]. (interactive dictionary, non standard, wi idiosyncratic etymological theories an no references).

=== Basque media ===
* ''[http://www.berria.info Berria: Newspaper]'' {{eu icon}}
* ''[http://www.eitb.com EiTB: Tv an radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111212407/http://www.eitb.com/ |date=2008-01-11 }}'' {{eu icon}}
* ''[http://www.argia.com Argia: Weekly magazine]'' {{eu icon}}

=== Dictionaries ===
* [http://www.euskara.euskadi.net/r59-15172x/eu/hizt_el/index.asp Elhuyar Basque Spanish Dictionary]
* [http://www1.euskadi.net/morris/dictionary.htm Morris Basque-English Dictionary]
* [http://www1.euskadi.net/hizt_3000/ Hiztegia 3000 Online bidirectional Spanish-Euskara dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810225943/http://www1.euskadi.net/hizt_3000/ |date=2011-08-10 }}

==== Grammar ====
* [http://www.ehu.es/grammar/ University o the Basque Kintra: A Brief Grammar o Euskara, the Basque Leid]
* [http://www.euskalnet.net/chief/aditz/ Basque Verb Tables] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215124814/http://www.euskalnet.net/chief/aditz/ |date=2005-12-15 }}

==== Classification ====
* [http://members.freespeech.org/ehj/blessons/mowstr.html History of the Basque Language by Manfred Owstrowski)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014220554/http://members.freespeech.org/ehj/blessons/mowstr.html |date=2007-10-14 }}
* [http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/mt26s.html A Final (?) Response to the Basque Debate in Mother Tongue 1 by John D. Bengston (scanned pages)]
==== Basque letterin ====
* ''[http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/arauak/dok/ProNor0017.htm Basque alphabet accordin tae Euskaltzaindia]''
* ''[http://www.txikizabalo.org/grafia/ Arquitectura popular y grafía vasca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821101442/http://www.txikizabalo.org/grafia/ |date=2008-08-21 }}'', bi [[Pablo Zabalo|P.]] an [[Juan Zabalo|J. de Zabalo]], Biblioteca de Cultura Vasca, Editorial Vasca [[Ekin]], Buenos Aires, 1947. Designs for a naitional typography derived frae Medieval an Modern-Age inscriptions.
* ''[http://www.lanbroute.com/blog/tipografias-vascas.htm Tipografías vascas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516013913/http://www.lanbroute.com/blog/tipografias-vascas.htm |date=2010-05-16 }}'', a blog post reviewin Basque-style computer fonts.
* ''[http://euskomedia.org/aunamendi/75100 Grafía vasca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113234338/http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/75100 |date=2011-01-13 }}'', in the Spainyie-leid [[Auñamendi Encyclopedia]].

{{Commonscat|Basque language}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basque Leid}}
[[Category:Agglutinative leids]]
[[Category:Basque cultur]]
[[Category:Basque leid| ]]
[[Category:Leid isolates]]
[[Category:Leids o Fraunce]]
[[Category:Leids o Spain]]
[[Category:Synthetic leids]]
[[Category:Subject–object–verb leids]]


{{Stub/Spain}}
{{Stub/Fraunce}}
{{Stub/Leid}}